Final Report - A Study on Cash and Inventory Management

“A Comparative study of Cash and Inventory Management at CANVERA”

BY

Kaushar Alam

(Regd. No - 5033)

Of

VISHWA VISHWANI INSTITUTE OF SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT

Under the Guidance of

Prof. S. Bhagya Rao

Associate Professor

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the

FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the award of the

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

July 2010

Kaushar Alam/VVISM/PGDM/Regd.no-5033 0 | P a g e

DECLARATION

I, Kaushar Alam, hereby declare that this project titled “A Comparative study of Cash and

Inventory Management” is an original work carried out by me, under the guidance of Prof. S

Bhagya Rao, (Associate Professor). The report submitted by me is a bonafide work carried by

me of my own efforts and it has not been submitted to any other University or published any

time before.

(Kaushar Alam)

Regd no. 5033

DATE : 20th June 2010

PLACE: New Delhi


CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Kaushar Alam, Student of PGDM of Vishwa Vishwani Institute of

Systems and Management, Hyderabad has successfully completed his practical training during

May-June 2010

The project work done on “A Comparative study of Cash and Inventory Management”, is a

bonafide work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The Project on evaluation

fulfills all the stated criteria and the student’s findings are his original work.

During the training period he was found to be hard working and he has submitted the report

within the stipulated time. His conduct was excellent to the best of my Knowledge.

We Wish him the very best in all his endeavors

Date: June 20, 2010 (Saquib Hassan)

Place: New Delhi CRM, Delhi

Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

# E 3/5, 2nd Floor , Jhandewalan Extn.

New Delhi -110055


CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Project titled “A Comparative study of Cash and Inventory Management”,

who carried out the research under my supervision, certified further, that to the best of my

knowledge the work reported here is does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the

basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other

candidate.

(Prof S Bhagya Rao)

Date:

Place: Hyderabad


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All is well that ends well. I realize that these words written by the way my gratitude are not

sufficient to express my gratefulness to those who were instrumental for this project report which

I have undertaken with courage, confidence and goodwill so also encouragement from me.

I sincerely thanks to our Institute, which has provided me with an excellent opportunity to

achieve the most cherished goal i.e. project in my life, that is “A Comparative study of Cash

and Inventory Management“. I express my sincere thanks to our STP Coordinator Prof. R.

Sunitha who encouraged & provided me to undergo the summer training project, which has

proved to be a very valuable source of practical knowledge for me. I am also grateful to our

Faculty guide Prof. S. Bhagya Rao for continuous guidance in the project period, without his

precious direction, valuable guidance and critical scrutiny; this report could have not been

completed.

With immense pleasure, I would like to express my sincere thanks and graduate to Md . Saquib

Hassan (CRM, Delhi) of Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd., who was my Project Guide

for giving me, this rare privilege of working under him and completing this project, whose kind

supervision, keen interest and valuable suggestion went all the way in successful completion of

this work. I will be forever indebted to my guide whose valuable guidance and support and

constant encouragement in the successful completion of my Summer Training Project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thanks to all the personalities in the organization for giving

me their precious time and relevant information as and when required.


(Kaushar

Alam)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I am Kaushar Alam. I am a PGDM student of Vishwa Vishwani Institute of Systems and

Management, Hyderabad. I did my Summer Training with Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt.

Ltd. from 1st May to 15th June 2010.

The company assigned me to check out “A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CASH AND

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT”.

Key result areas:

Immense learning.

Experiencing the actual workplace atmosphere.

I’ve come up with not only a project report but it can act as a guide for that company.

Got to know about the management of Cash and inventory by the company.

Got to know about the accounting behavior of the company.

Skills required for building a long-term relation with the employees.

Improved listening and communication skills

Enhancement of the convincing power due to increased knowledge

Got to know about the operations and hierarchical structure of the company

Attended many corporate parties and learnt some corporate world manners


Reporting:

I reported to CRM, Delhi who was my company guide throughout these Six weeks.

How did I apply my learning at VVISM?

During my project I could correlate the teachings that VVISM, Hyderabad had granted me

during the first year. All the theoretical knowledge that I had obtained from the classroom

teachings, I could relate it to the pragmatic situations. From all the theories and the research

methodologies to the role plays that were held during the soft skills classes were of great help.

Also the pressure that we are made used to be of great help in the pressure cooker scenarios. The

textbooks provided by the college were also used in the summer training period.

Learning during summer training:-

Though everyday life teaches us many things, but these 45 days were a whole lot than just a

summer training program. What more can one aspiring PGDM (Post Graduate Diploma in

Management) graduate asks for than a real corporate learning, where one experiences the truths

of the very glamorous and affluent corporate world. I learnt the corporate behavior in addition to

the knowledge that the workplace taught me. Although having role plays in the soft skills classes

gives us a rough idea, but being in the corporate world is something different. I learnt how to

work under someone and the tact to face the stress that this world has to offer. Besides all that, I

can confidently say that this summer training has helped me improve my knowledge,


communication skills, analyzing ability, skill set and has also taught me as how to balance the

personal and private life.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration I

Certificate from Company II

Certificate from Guide III

Acknowledgement IV

Executive Summary V

CHAPTER 1 – Introduction 09

a. Objectives

b. Need for the study

c. Scope & Limitations

CHAPTER 2: Research Methodology 15

CHAPTER 3: Overview 17

a. Company Overview.

b. Industry Overview.

c. Literature Review


CHAPTER 4: Data Analysis 50

CHAPTER 5: Conclusion 64

a. Findings

b. Recommendations

c. Conclusion

Annexure 68

Bibliography 72



INTRODUCTION

Cash and Inventory: Working Capital:-

The life blood of business, as is evident, signified funds required for day-to-day operations of the

firm. The management of working capital i.e. Cash and Inventory assumes great importance

because shortage of working capital funds is perhaps the biggest possible cause of failure of

many business units in recent times. There it is of great importance on the part of management to

pay particular attention to the planning and control for Cash and Inventory. An attempt has been

made to make critical study of the various dimensions of the Cash and Inventory management of

Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Delhi Branch.

Decisions relating to Cash and Inventory and short term financing are referred to as working

capital management. These involve managing the relationship between a firm's short-term assets

and its short-term liabilities. The goal of Working capital management is to ensure that the firm

is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient money flow.

Place of study:-

The project study is carried out at the Administration Department of Canvera Digital

Technologies Pvt. Ltd. situated at Jhandewalan, New Delhi. The study is undertaken as a part of

the PGDM curriculum from 01 MAY 2010 to 15 JUNE 2010 in the form of summer placement.


Objectives of the study

To study and understand as to what exactly is cash and inventory management system

To Study the operational feasibility and utility of cash and inventory management system

To know about the company system of maintaining the records of the status of the

inventory.

To have an overview of the company and the Printing industry.

To make an item wise study of different inventories and management of cash in the

company

Practical exposure of how the inventory is managed in the Company.


Came to know about the authorized persons, who are handling the inventory.

As Cash is the very sensitive part of the organization, but still got some ideas about the

management of it.

Real time experience in business environment.

To suggest the steps to be taken to increase the efficiency of the management of cash and

the inventory.


Need for the study

Immense learning with practical Exposure.

To make an item wise study of the components of Cash and Inventory.


To suggest the steps to be taken to increase the efficiency in management of Working

capital.

To apply the theoretical knowledge in the practical environment

Experiencing the actual workplace atmosphere.

Got to know about the management of Cash and inventory by the company.

Skills required for building a long-term relation with the employees.

Improved listening and communication skills

Enhancement of the convincing power due to increased knowledge

Got to know about the operations and hierarchical structure of the company


Scope and Limitations

There may be limitations to this training because the duration (summer training) is very

short and it’s not possible to observe every aspect of working.

The top management people generally have very less time to waste on training purpose. So

in the beginning I faced lot of difficulties in getting an appointment from the Admin Officer.

And once I got the appointment I had to convince him on how my contribution to the

organization can help the organization in improving the management of cash and inventory

and its accounting system.

The most difficult part of the whole assignment is the interaction with the top-level

management of the organization. Until now I was on my own without any boss over me. But

now, during this project I had top deal with this boss thing. I since I was a little hesitant in

speaking to the top-level management. But during the project I learned a lot. I improved my

communication skills to a great extent.

Once I had convinced, I had to buy time from to gather information about the company. I

had to go to the company repeatedly to match the timing with the manager. This process

continued with almost all the top management people of the organization.

During this phase I learned that patience is an important ingredient to be a successful

corporate player. I had to wait for long hours outside the offices of the officials. I also had

to survey the different department of the organization. I did keep my patience and got my

fruits.


There are many other problems that I was facing in gathering information about the

company. But I was continuing to search the in-depth information about the organization

and I was doing well.

Then I had to analyze the collected information. With this I have judged its overall impact

on the organization.

Due to paucity of time all the data could not covered. For more accurate analysis more time

is required.

As we know that all such jobs are so hectic and this was not exception.

Sometimes the company does not reveal the correct information so biases come.

Error of biases on behalf of me may vary the results



RESEARCH METHODOLGY

A Research Methodology defines the purpose of the research, how it proceeds, how to measure

progress and what constitute success with respect to the objectives determined for carrying out

the research study.

The appropriate research design is formulated.

Exploratory research: this kind of research has the primary objective of development of

insights into the problem. It studies the main area where the problem lies and also tries to

evaluate some appropriate courses of action.

The research methodology for the present study has been adopted to reflect these realties

and help reach the logical conclusion in an objective and scientific manner.

The present study contemplated an exploratory research.

DATA COLLECTION

Two types of data are collected, one is primary data and second one is secondary data.

1) Primary Data which included the input received from directly the officials and employees

through questionnaire and interview

2) Secondary data from the books, journals and internet etc.



CANVERA DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.

Canvera is a digital Imaging company (HQed in Bangalore) servicing the needs of professional

photographers all over India. The company’s flagship products are high-end customized coffee-

table-book that professional photographers buy to service markets such as weddings, fashion,

private and corporate functions, corporate brands books etc.

The company was started in Oct 2007 and entered the market in July 2008. This Bangalore-based

firm was started with a venture capital funding of $2 million (raised funds from DFJ/Footprint

Ventures and Mumbai Angels), and has since raised another $3 million

Within 21 months of operation, the company has grown to more than 300 people across 8 offices

around the country i.e. Bangalore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Kolkata,

Ahmadabad, Jaipur and Chennai with 300+ employees and sales people in various parts of the

country who reach out to professional photographers in the local geography.

Like direct Sales organization of firms such as Xerox, 3M, and Eureka Forbes. Canvera has

opened regional sales offices where sales people will reach out to professional photographers in

the local geography. In addition to sales people, each office also has a few designers who design

photobooks for the professional photographers based on local tastes.

The sales team members also take on the responsibility of introducing the technology to

professional photographers. For the first few orders, the professional photographers will typically

place the orders using CDs and cash. As the professional photographers become comfortable.


Canvera sales people will introduce online ordering and payments. A number of customers have

switched to online ordering as they eventually find that it is a cheaper and faster way of doing

business.

With the growth in domestic consumption and Digital Imaging being driven largely by the

wedding market, Canvera thinks that the industry is on a steep growth curve.

In 21 months, Canvera become the leader in photographic industry and it has achieved

substantial growth and mindshare among the target customer segment – the team has focused on

building customer focused business and not just technology based.

INITIAL IDEA

The initial idea/concept was to setup a B2C Internet photography company, but the team got

skeptical about the long term scale of a purely online B2C business in India.

The founders started market research/door to door research to understand the real pain points in

the market with the advent of Digital Photography. Their belief was the Digital Photography will

fundamentally change the dynamics of the photography industry and would create an opportunity

for a startup to be created to service the needs in the market.

The key was to identify the right opportunity in India around which a scalable business could be

built. The founders spoke to ~100 professional photographers and realized that each and every

one of them had switched to digital SLRs cameras but the transition from film to digital had

initially caused them a lot of financial pain.


With film rolls, photographers had better revenues as clients had to get prints made, but with

digital, most of the end clients would simply ask for CDs. The professional photographers offset

this decline in revenues by selling hand-made albums that were essentially photographic paper

stuck together to form a single page.

In addition the founders learnt that for various infrastructure & consumer behavior reasons most

of photography in India is done by professionals with weddings driving a large majority of the

revenues for the photographic industry. The hand-made albums provided by professional

photographers are typically manufactured by mom-and-pop manufacturers in the unorganized

segment where there is no brand. As a result there was no guarantee of quality or any reliability

service (no SLAs).

End consumers complained bitterly that at the end of say of wedding the only thing left with

them was the album and there was no way for them to have confidence that this was

manufactured reliably. In fact many newly-wed showed how albums were extremely heavy or

would just simply come apart after a few months.

Canvera founders realized that providing trust-worthy branded albums and coffee-table-book

which would provide both professional photographers and end consumers trust in the quality was

an untapped market opportunity.


In 21 months of being in the market, Canvera has established itself as a well known brand

amongst professional photographers [I actually realized this when I asked a few photographers if

they have heard of Canvera, to which the reply was they have been using Canvera’s service for

all of their wedding album needs] and has serviced the needs of professional photographers in

more than 200 cities across the country.

As far as technology is concerned, Canvera licensed some software components for its client

application but due to the people-heavy and cash nature of doing business in India they built an

ERP/CRM system which allows them to track the majority cash payments (cash collection

constitutes 75%) that they collect from various parts in the country and also provides a holistic

view of customers and their orders collected at various offices.


http://www.pluggd.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/marieclairefashionbook.jpg

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Dr. Dhiraj Kacker - CEO & Co-Founder

Dhiraj has been working in the field of Digital Imaging for over 18 years. Prior to founding

Canvera, Dhiraj was Director of Product Development and Operations at Naehas a Silicon

Valley startup building technologies for multi-channel personalized marketing applications. Prior

to Naehas Dhiraj was Engineering Manager/MTS at Shutterfly (NASDAQ:SFLY), a US based

online Digital Photography company, where he was part of the core R&D team that developed

their imaging and workflow automation technologies. Dhiraj has a PhD in EE from Purdue

where his research was focused on algorithms for desktop printers. His PhD research was

sponsored by HP's Imaging & Printing Group. Dhiraj has an MS in EE from Washington State

University and B.Tech in EE from IIT Bombay. Dhiraj has numerous patents and publications to

his name in the field of Digital Imaging.

Peeyush Rai - CTO & Co-Founder

Peeyush is Chief Technology Officer at Canvera and is responsible for all technology

development to serve the needs of the market and also to enable an efficient operational scale up.

Peeyush has been working in the software industry for over 16 years. Prior to founding Canvera,

Peeyush was heading newScale’s India software development center. He also setup and headed

Centrata's India operations. Peeyush previously worked in Silicon Valley in various senior

management roles in the Enterprise Software space at Oracle, Corio & Euclid. Prior to moving to

the US Peeyush had a stint in Jamaica helping build the country's citizen ID system - a system


that is in use to this day. Peeyush started his career working as a software engineer with Citicorp.

Peeyush has an undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Bombay.

Kultar Singh Madaan - VP Manufacturing

Kultar is VP of Manufacturing at Canvera and is responsible for quality control and delivery of

products and also for ongoing product R&D. Kultar has more than 15 years of experience

managing various export oriented manufacturing units in India. Prior to joining Canvera, Kultar

headed the leather garment manufacturing unit for Leather Tech in New Delhi, where he was

responsible for manufacturing garments for brands such as Montes, Pierre Cardin, Ricano, Skin

to Skin, Eden Park, Saint Clair, etc. Kultar has B.Com(H) from Delhi university and a diploma in

Export & Import Management from the Foreign Trade and Development Center

Aditya Kothari - VP Sales & Marketing

Aditya is responsible for all aspects of sales and marketing management in the company. Aditya

joined Canvera from Rio Tinto Alcan where he was VP of Sales & Marketing. At Alcan he

rapidly grew the topline of the company and revamped the entire sales team and sales processes.

Prior to Alcan Aditya worked at 3M India for almost 6 years in various Sales & Marketing roles.

At 3M he won many coveted national and international level awards including bagging some of

the biggest orders in 3M India's history. Prior to 3M he worked at SurfGold as Business

Development Manager. Aditya started his career as an Account Executive at Lowe Lintas.

Aditya has an MBA from Chetana's Institute of Management and B.Com from College of

Commerce and Management Studies, Udaipur.

Peter Knaack - Independent Consultant


Peter Knaack brings more than 30 years of extensive experience in the photofinishing industry.

He is presently an independent consultant working with companies in the photofinishing space

worldwide. Peter Knaack was VP of Operations at Shutterfly from 2000-2005 where he handled

Shutterfly's manufacturing, production and lab operations. Prior to joining Shutterfly, Peter

managed Kodak's Nordic photofinishing operations. He also spent 22 years with Kodak in

Europe, 10 years in Denmark and 12 years at the company's regional headquarters, serving in

several capacities including quality management, technical and environmental management,

marketing and laboratory management. Additionally, Peter has worked as an independent

consultant and project manager for photofinishers in Europe, USA and Russia. Peter is also the

co-author a book titled "Out of the Darkroom: A Short History of the Photofinishing Industry"

that was released in 2006. Peter holds a Master's degree in environmental science from

Nottingham University, UK.

Josh Bornstein - Partner, Footprint Ventures

Josh is Partner with Footprint Ventures (www.footprintventures.com) and sits on the board of

Canvera and Ticketvala. Prior to Footprint Josh was Manager of Corporate Planning at Infosys.

Josh also worked as an Analyst at Barrington Associates. Josh has a BA in Economics &

Accounting from Claremont McKenna College.

Mohanjit Jolly - Executive Director, Draper Fisher Jurvetson

Mohanjit Jolly is the Executive Director of DFJ India (www.dfj.com). Mohanjit relocated to


India in September 2007 to establish the DFJ India office and help manage DFJ's India portfolio.

Mohanjit currently serves on the Boards of Reva, Mchek, Canvera, Cleartrip, Attero,

Seventymm, and Naseeb Networks. Mohanjit Jolly has spent the last ten years working with and

investing in technology startups. Prior to DFJ, Mohanjit was Managing Director at Garage

Technology Ventures, a seed and early stage venture capital firm. While at Garage, Mohanjit

worked with over 30 companies, including LeftHand Networks, PureSight (BCGI), Jibe

Networks (CTRX), Qumu, Thermoceramix, Kaboodle (Acq: Hearst Media) and SimplyHired.

Prior to joining Garage, Mohanjit was part of the strategic planning group at Mattel where he

helped launch the Mattel/Intel joint venture, Intel Play. He also spent several years in both

engineering and business development roles with Itek Optical Systems, a manufacturer of high-

resolution reconnaissance systems for both military and commercial use. While earning his

M.B.A from the Anderson School at UCLA, Mohanjit helped launch ViaSpace, a technology

incubator in Southern California in conjunction with Caltech and Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Mohanjit earned a B.S. and M.S. in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT, with a

specialization in electric propulsion systems.

Neill Brownstein - Partner, Footprint Ventures

Neill is the brainchild behind Footprint Ventures and a veteran of the Venture Capital industry

having co-founded Bessemer Venture Partners in the early 70s. Neill has an exceptional

investing track record providing returns of 20%+ annual IRR over a 25 year period. Neill is also

an Advisory GP and Founder of Novak Biddle Venture Fund. Over his investing career Neill has

invested in numerous first-to-market companies including Telenet, VMX, Ungermann-Bass,

Gartner Group, DSP Communications & Veritas to name a few. Neill has an MBA from Kellog

Graduate School of Management and a BA from Columbia University.


Delhi Branch

M. M. Siddiqui - Sales Manager, Delhi

Coming with a vast experience of 7 years in hotel industries, working in the branch as a sales

manager. He is handling a big team of 15 sales people and 20 back office employees as well.

Saquib Hassan: Regional CRM, Delhi

Coming with a vast experience of 5 years and working as under CRM (Customer Relationship

Management) in the branch. Handling a team of Admins & Customer Cares of the region.I am

doing my training under him and taking care of Inventory and Cash Management.

Ranjan Bhattacharya: Admin Officer

Coming with an experience of 2 valuable years in Genpact, currently working in the company as

an admin and taking care of whole admin related jobs.

Surinder Kumar: Sales Supervisor


Coming with 4 yrs of experience in Real Estate, he is taking care of supervisory roles in

Canvera. Handling the team of sales who are working in the region.

Anil Verma: Design Lead

As the Company deals in Imaging, so Anil Verma is handling 5 design team who works in

Photoshop.

PRODUCTS OF CANVERA


Premium photobooks

This bestseller photobook is an elegant way to preserve the memories. Ideal for wedding,

engagement, baby birthday, personal photography collection, travel photography etc.

Luxury photobooks

This special photobook comes with a rich texture cover along with a matching box. Ideal

for wedding, engagement, birthday ceremonies, portfolios, travel collections etc.

Standard photobooks

This fabric-spine bound photobook is an inexpensive solution to capture priceless

memories that last a lifetime. Ideal for occasions like wedding, baby events, family get-

together etc.

Softcover photobooks


Good things come in small packages. This photobook has all the impact and cover

customization like larger books but it comes in small size and with soft cover. Ideal for

anything.

Calendars

Personalized Calendars come with beautiful background and layout options.

Prints

Posters

CUSTOMERS OF CANVERA

Professional photographers

Nature photographers

Freelancers

Studios

COMPETITORS


Thomson Press

Thomson Press has been in operation for over 40 years and is part of the India Today

Group a major multimedia company having interests in printing, publishing, internet,

television and radio.

The Largest Commercial Printer in South Asia

Offers both Printing and Typesetting services

Having five Printing units, two Repro Units and two Typesetting units

Sales Offices in major Indian and International cities

PrintExl

Printexl is a team of dedicated professionals with vast experience in designing and printing.

With the help of advanced photo editing software and design tools, they intend to add life

to photos. At Printexl, the minutest details are looked into to ensure a consistent quality

output.

They not only make photo books and photo albums for various occasions like birthdays,

marriages, parties, company events, holidays etc., but they also make customized calendars,

diaries, greeting cards, certificates, planners and many more.

Perfact Color Digital Prints Pvt. Ltd.


Perfact Color Digital Prints Private Ltd. was incepted in May 2003 from it’s previous shape

& style of PERFACT COPY SERVICES. They are a complete Document Solutions

Company with a past experience of 15 years. We have a strong 100+ members team to

operate the various functions to meet variety of customer requirements.

They have crossed annual turnover of Rs. 130 million on completion of 15 years of

operation, though they had started with a meager amount of Rs. 40,000/- in 1993 with one

photocopier as the only equipment. They are situated in Gurgaon with their own building

comprising of 20,000 sq. ft. of area respectively. They have latest Black & White and Color

Digital Equipment and all operations under one roof in Gurgaon.

Keydee

Keydee is committed to offering high quality printed products where they have the greatest

possible control over the design. They recognize that customers have a growing willingness

to learn and use software with a more professional and satisfying feel.

Mazda

Orange

Karizma (Labs)


PRINTING INDUSTRY


Printing Industry encompasses numerous fields of every economy. Printing Industry generates

a wide range of products which require in every step of our everyday life. Starting from

Newspapers, Magazines, Books, Post Cards to photo books, Calendars, Memo Pads and

Business Order Forms each are the products of Printing Industry.

Other than the direct contributions, there are many indirect influences of Printing Industry up on

the economy. This is because, all the activities like Binding, Embossing which generate

considerable amount of income and employment are related closely with the Printing

Industry. Packaging industry and Advertising Industry in many ways depend on the Printing

Industry.

In the Printing Industry, the main Printing Techniques that are used are:

Lithography-This technique emphasizes on economical use of color.

Flexography- This technique produces vibrant colors and is used for printing newspapers

and books.

Gravure-This technique is famous for Print Quality and Print Formats and is mainly used

for product printing to be used in packaging industry.

Letterpress-This technique is used when printing is done on raised surfaces.

Screen Printing-This technique is mainly used to Print designs on fabrics.

But it is very important to mention that the Printing Industry all over the world are experiencing

high level of technical advancement and there is no doubt that all these research and

development works are contributing immensely to the growth of Printing Industry across the

world.

PRINTING INDUSTRY GROWTH


Printing Industry Growth is an outcome of different actions and reactions which took place in

past few decades all over the world. In most of the cases, growth of any industry is driven by the

increase in demand. The Printing Industry is no exception. The Growth of Printing Industry has

taken place due to rising demands for printed products. Now if we want to find the reason behind

this increase in demand we will find several factors. Among these, the main factors are Overall

Economic Growth, Population Growth, Increasing Advertising Expenditures and the Advent

of Internet.

If we go through detailed analysis, we will find that there has been some key changes in the

Printing Industry in the last two decades. To understand the Printing Industry Growth we need to

discuss these changes in details.

The main changes which contributed significantly to Printing Industry Growth are the

following:

Desktop Publishing - This introduced Typographic Print put in place of traditional

Typewritten Print out.

Personalization of Data - This introduced use of specific data to generate printed items.

This was possible due to increasing use of personal and personal printers.

Digital Printing - This introduced Toner based and Inkjet based technology. Digital

Printing also holds Variable Data Printing Capacity.

E-Commerce - E-Commerce has given the relationship between buyers and sellers a new

dimension. E-Commerce or E-Business has strengthened the business communications

and has contributed significantly to Printing Industry Sales.


Use of Color - In the past decades most of the printing work was done in Black and White.

But, in the present era use of color has risen tremendously in the print medium.

Newspapers, Magazines, Catalogs Printers have shifted to color reproduction.

Distributed Production - The production process has changed immensely. From the Press

Centric Production the Printing Industry is slowly moving to Printer Centric Production.

PRINTING INDUSTRY TRENDS


http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/printing/industry-growth.html

Printing Industry Trends has been very significant over the years. This trend is actually the force

that is determining the future of Printing Industry.

The increasing use of Internet in the publishing world has brought a revolution in the Printing

Industry. Remote Distribution of Data and Variable Data Printing has been possible by the use of

Internet. The special ability of Internet of distributing large quantities of data to diverse locations

bridged the gaps of Printing Industry. Earlier, almost all printing work was used to be done

through press. But, in today's world of technological advancement, many printing work is done

from customer's home printer.

Internet publications have opened a new horizon for printing industry.

The Publishing Companies are realizing that it is better to distribute data through Internet in the

first step and to print them in the second step. This is because if they carry out the traditional

process of firstly printing and then distributing then it may generate much more costs. So, in this

context, the biggest challenge faced by the companies which operate through Printing Press is of

lowering costs

The pressure of lowering costs has risen more because of the recent technological advancements

which have invented the concept of e-commerce. E-Commerce has lowered administration costs

and the proofing time. To keep pace with these emerging technologies, the Printing Industry has

now concentrated on Digital Printing. But this advent of technology in the field of printing is

killing the Cottage Print Industry. According to survey, the number of companies in the cottage

print industry is going to decline sharply within 2010. But as a whole we can say that Printing


Industry has already ridden a growth wave through technological innovations and further growth

can come only through new innovations and high level of productivity.


WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT


One of the most important areas in day-to-day management of the firm deals with the

management of working capital, which is defined as all the short-term assets used in daily

operations. These consist primarily of cash, marketable, securities, account receivable and

inventories. Some of the decisions taken in working capital management are:

An adequate supply of raw materials.

Cash to meet the operation payments.

The ability to grant credit to customers.

The capacity to wait for market for its finished products.

Investment in various current assets.

Appropriate sources of fund to finance current assets.

Proportion of long term and short term funds to finance current assets.

It may be clear that the objective of working capital management is to maintain a satisfactory

level to working capital. In other words, the current assets should not only be sufficient enough

to cover the current liabilities but at the same time should also ensure the reasonable amount of

safety margin. This is possible only when the different components of working capital are

properly balanced.

CASH MANAGEMENT


INTRODUCTION

Cash section is an important section of Administration, Finance & Accounts Department. It deals

with the employees, contractors & suppliers for their payments.

FUNCTIONS

The main functional areas of the Cash Section are as follows:-

Liaison with Bankers

Fund Management

Daily Fund Monitoring and reporting

Vouchers checking & control

Preparation & signing of cheques

Bank Reconciliation

Coordination with EDP

Preparation of Cash Book

Control of Physical Cash

Bank Guarantees control

Coordination with other sections and deptts.

Liaison with Bankers:-

This section is required to closely interact with the bankers at times even on minute-to-minute

basis to ensure smooth functioning.

Fund Management:-


Fund allocations are made by SAIL corporate office on time-to-time basis whereas the payments

are required to be made evenly throughout the month. This is done through rationing, prioritizing

and constant monitoring so that all the obligations are met and at the same time all the payments

are duly honored.

Daily Fund Monitoring and reporting

This involves constant monitoring the fund availability, project the requirements to the higher

authorities based on discussions with the payment section, report the management about the

availability & utilization of funds on time to time basis.

Vouchers checking & control

Voucher received in the cash section are as follows:-

Cash payment vouchers

Cash Receipt vouchers

Bank payment vouchers

Bank receipt vouchers

Adjustment vouchers

Vouchers with the required supporting documents are sent to the cash section for making

payments and receiving deposits. These vouchers are scrutinized before processing for payment /

deposits.

Preparation & signing of cheques


For every bank payment voucher, the output is cheque. Normally around 200-250 cheques are

prepared on average per day. These cheques are to be authenticated before issue by 2 officers.

Bank Reconciliation

Bank reconciliation is a very important aspect of finance & accounts function. Through this

process the cheques issued & instruments deposited are compared with the payments made and

credits given by the bank. Differences if any are sorted out by passing necessary accounting

entries.

Coordination with EDP

The acceptance and processing of vouchers, cheques printing, organization of Central Bill

Clearance System (CBCS) all such activities are computerized. Necessary hardware & software

is supported by our EDP deptt.

Preparation of Cash Book

After all the payments & receipt of cash & cheques are reconciled, a consolidate cash book

comprising cash and bank data is prepared.

Control of Physical Cash

This involves dealing with the receipt and payment in terms of hard cash, its custody. Cash

deposits into and withdrawals from the bank. Custody of cash and any other specified

documents. Operation of a currency chest and a petty cash chest.

Bank Guarantees control


Custodial function of Bank Guarantees sent by various sections.

Coordination with other sections and deptts

Interaction and coordination with related agencies such as CISF, Garage, various branches of the

banks.

MANAGEMENT OF CASH

Cash is the important current asset for the operation of the business. Cash is the basic input

needed to keep the business running in the continuous basis, it is also the ultimate output

expected to be realized by selling or product manufactured by the firm.

The firm should keep sufficient cash neither more nor less. Cash shortage will disrupt the firm’s

manufacturing operations while excessive cash will simply remain ideal without contributing

anything towards the firm’s profitability. Thus a major function of the financial manager is to

maintain a sound cash position.

Cash is the money, which a firm can disburse immediately without any restriction. The term cash

includes coins, currency and cheques held by the firm and balances in its bank account.

Sometimes near cash items such as marketing securities or bank term deposits are also included

in cash. Generally when a firm has excess cash, it invests it is marketable securities. This kind of

investment contributes some profit to the firm.

Need to hold cash


The firm’s need to hold cash may be attributed to the following three motives:-

The Transaction Motive: The transaction motive requires a firm to hold cash to conduct its

business in the ordinary course. The firm needs cash primarily to make payments for purchases,

wages and salaries, other operating expenses, taxes, dividends, etc.

The Precautionary Motive: A firm is required to keep cash for meeting various contingencies.

Though cash inflows and outflows are anticipated but there may be variations in these estimates.

For example a debtor who pays after 7 days may inform of his inability to pay, on the other hand

a supplier who used to give credit for 15 days may not have the stock to supply or he may not be

in opposition to give credit at present.

Speculative Motive: - The speculative motive relates to the holding of cash for investing in

profit making opportunities as and when they arise. The opportunities to make profit changes.

The firm will hold cash, when it is expected that interest rates will rise and security price will

fall.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT


WHAT IS INVENTORY

Despite its importance to the supply chain, inventory is not universally well understood. It is

variously characterized, both positively and negatively, as an economic asset to a non-income-

producing use of capital funds. Only when considered in light of all quality, client service and

economic factors—from the viewpoints of purchasing, manufacturing, sales and finance—does

the whole picture of inventory become clear. No matter the viewpoint, effective inventory

management is essential to supply chain competitiveness.

Inventory is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held

available in stock by a business. Inventory are held in order to manage and hide from the

customer the fact that manufacture/supply delay is longer than delivery delay, and also to ease

the effect of imperfections in the manufacturing process that lower production efficiencies if

production capacity stands idle for lack of materials. In other words, Inventory is a quantity or

store of goods that is held for some purpose or use (the term may also be used as a verb, meaning

to take inventory or to count all goods held in inventory). Inventory may be kept "in-house,"

meaning on the premises or nearby for immediate use; or it may be held in a distant warehouse

or distribution center for future use. With the exception of firms utilizing just-in time methods,

more often than not, the term "inventory" implies a stored quantity of goods that exceeds what is

needed for the firm to function at the current time (e.g., within the next few hours).

WHY KEEP INVENTORY?


Why would a firm hold more inventory than is currently necessary to ensure the firm's

operation? The following is a list of reasons for maintaining what would appear to be "excess"

inventory.

Meet Demand

In order for a retailer to stay in business, it must have the products that the customer wants on

hand when the customer wants them. If not, the retailer will have to backorder the product. If the

customer can get the good from some other source, he or she may choose to do so rather than

electing to allow the original retailer to meet demand later (through back-order). Hence, in many

instances, if a good is not in inventory, a sale is lost forever.

Keep operation running

A manufacturer must have certain purchased items (raw materials, components, or

subassemblies) in order to manufacture its product. Running out of only one item can prevent a

manufacturer from completing the production of its finished goods. Inventory between

successive dependent operations also serves to decouple the dependency of the operations. A

machine or workcenter is often dependent upon the previous operation to provide it with parts to

work on. If work ceases at a workcenter, then all subsequent centers will shut down for lack of

work. If a supply of work-in-process inventory is kept between each workcenter, then each

machine can maintain its operations for a limited time, hopefully until operations resume the

original center.

Lead time


Lead time is the time that elapses between the placing of an order (either a purchase order or a

production order issued to the shop or the factory floor) and actually receiving the goods ordered.

If a supplier (an external firm or an internal department or plant) cannot supply the required

goods on demand, then the client firm must keep an inventory of the needed goods. The longer

the lead time, the larger the quantity of goods the firm must carry in inventory.

Hedge

Inventory can also be used as a hedge against price increases and inflation. Salesmen routinely

call purchasing agents shortly before a price increase goes into effect. This gives the buyer a

chance to purchase material, in excess of current need, at a price that is lower than it would be if

the buyer waited until after the price increase occurs.

Quantity Discount

Often firms are given a price discount when purchasing large quantities of a good. This also

frequently results in inventory in excess of what is currently needed to meet demand. However,

if the discount is sufficient to offset the extra holding cost incurred as a result of the excess

inventory, the decision to buy the large quantity is justified.

Smoothing Requirements

Sometimes inventory is used to smooth demand requirements in a market where demand is

somewhat erratic.

MANAGEMENT OF INVENTORY


Inventories constitute the most significant part of current assets of a large majority of companies

in India. On an average, inventories are approximately 60 % of current assets in public limited

companies in India. Because of the large size of inventories maintained by firms maintained by

firms, a considerable amount of funds is required to be committed to them. It is, therefore very

necessary to manage inventories efficiently and effectively in order to avoid unnecessary

investments. A firm neglecting a firm the management of inventories will be jeopardizing its

long run profitability and may fail ultimately. The purpose of inventory management is to ensure

availability of materials in sufficient quantity as and when required and also to minimize

investment in inventories at considerable degrees, without any adverse effect on production and

sales, by using simple inventory planning and control techniques.

Needs to hold inventories:-

There are three general motives for holding inventories:-

· Transaction motive emphasizes the need to maintain inventories to facilitate smooth

production and sales operation.

· Precautionary motive necessities holding of inventories to guard against the risk of

unpredictable changes in demand and supply forces and other factors.

· Speculative motive influences the decision to increases or reduce inventory levels to

take advantage of price fluctuations and also for saving in reordering costs and

quantity discounts etc.

Objective of Inventory Management:-


The main objectives of inventory management are operational and financial. The operational

mean that means that the materials and spares should be available in sufficient quantity so that

work is not disrupted for want of inventory. The financial objective means that investments in

inventories should not remain ideal and minimum working capital should be locked in it.

The following are the objectives of inventory management:-

To ensure continuous supply of materials, spares and finished goods.

To avoid both over-stocking of inventory.

To maintain investments in inventories at the optimum level as required by the

operational and sale activities.

To keep material cost under control so that they contribute in reducing cost of production

and overall purchases.

To eliminate duplication in ordering or replenishing stocks. This is possible with the help

of centralizing purchases.

To minimize losses through deterioration, pilferage, wastages and damages.

To design proper organization for inventory control so that management.

Clear cut account ability should be fixed at various levels of the organization.

To ensure perpetual inventory control so that materials shown in stock ledgers should be

actually lying in the stores.

To ensure right quality of goods at reasonable prices.

To facilitate furnishing of data for short-term and long term planning and control of

inventory


DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION


The data after collection has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with the outline laid

down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. This is essential for a scientific

study and for ensuring that we have all the relevant data. A Processing implies editing, coding,

classification and tabulation of collected data so that they acquiescent to analysis.

The term analysis refers to the computation of certain measure along with searching for pattern

of relationship that exist among data groups thus “ in the process of analysis relationship or

difference supporting or confliction with original or new hypothesis should be subjected to

statistical test of significance to determine with what validity data can be set to indicate any

conclusion”.

Analysis of data in general way involves a number of closely related operation that or perform

with purpose of summarizing the collected data an organizing them in such a manner

STATEMENT ABOUT THE PROBLEM


The three primary functions that characterize the occupation are management, coordination, and

control of Cash and Inventory and systems of Cash and inventory management. Management of

Cash and Inventory records and relevant details is an important area of concern for every

organization, whether it is large or small. And also calls for efficient planning and maintenance.

Think of a situation when you have to look into various registers to find and enter each and every

minor mandatory detail. And the situation goes worse when you need to manage a number of

such registers. Every register need to be updated to make the records up to date. Obviously,

managing number of such records and registers manually sounds to be truly a laborious job and

calls for efficient and effective planning and implementation of effective skills to get the job

done.

But what for, if not all but a maximum part of the job of management can be done automatically

with just the click of a button!!Sounds a bit relieving and interesting, isn’t it!!

Matching aspiration with execution is an important ingredient for success, especially for

companies playing in the global market. And to execute well, visibility into operations is a pre -

requisite. As printing industries figured, a robust system can provide this much needed visibility.

So the company has adopted his own system software for maintaining the records of cash and

inventory.

PROGRESS OF THE PROJECT


It was one of the happiest days of my first entry in Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt.

Ltd. I was found myself what I have way selected and what I want to really wanted to

know about the Administration department.

The project assigned to me is to study the Cash and Inventory Management system of the

company. The complex part of the assignment is to find out up to what extent this

management system would affect the company i.e.Canvera Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

STAGE 1- On the outset of the project, my prime objective would be to find out the ins

and outs of the organization. For this I had to find out systematic and detailed information

about the company. I had to have complete profile of the organization.

I would require complete information about the company to study impact of Cash and

Inventory management system of the organization. If I have the detailed information

about the company than I can carry out an in-depth study on the impact of this system.

I started with finding out the top-level management of the organization. By this way I can

have vague picture of the organizational structure of the company. Accordingly I went

further to find out the different departments of the organization and their role in the

organization.


Then I prepare some questionnaire to find out the awareness of the cash and inventory

management system to the official personnel of the company.

STAGE 2 – After have a thorough understanding of the working of the system, I was

assigned the work to assist the concerned officer for maintaining the records of cash and

inventory in the company software i.e. “iConsole”.

Also I would require a complete study of the accounting system and also assist them in

making Accounting records.

Conclusion:-

In spite of various difficulties the work that carried out is going on smoothly and I am

learning a lot about working in the office. The project is mainly about intensive case study. The

analysis is yet to be done. Once the procedure is complete the analysis part would start.


DATA ANALYSIS

First Analysis is done to know about the awareness of the system in the organization. For this the

following questionnaire is prepared which was filled by the the company officials. The following

outcomes are interpreted:-

1) Are you aware about Cash and Inventory Management System?

Yes ------------------------------------------ 75 per cent

No ------------------------------------------- 17 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ---------------- 08 per cent

Interpretation:

The awareness level among the company officials regarding the existence, functioning and

applicability of cash and inventory management system is high that is 75 per cent, as per the

result of the study.

2) Do you know that your company has an inventory management system?

Yes ---------------------------------------------- 72 per cent

No ------------------------------------------------ 20 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say -------------------- 08 per cent

Interpretation:

The company officials are aware about their company having a Cash and inventory management

system. 72 per cent of the respondents do have this awareness as against 20 per cent, 08 per cent

of the respondents who are either not aware or not able to provide any information in this regard.


3) Do you agree that there should be a proper cash and inventory management system in

place in any organization / company?

Agree ------------------------------------------------ 68 per cent

Disagree --------------------------------------------- 12 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ------------------------- 20 per cent

Interpretation:

According to the response to the above question, it appears that every company/organization

should have a system or mechanism in place for managing their cash and inventory.

4) For what reasons do you feel that there should be a cash and inventory management

system?

To smoothen operational requirement --------------------- 27 per cent

To save time ---------------------------------------------------- 22 per cent

To maintain accountability and transparency ----------------30 per cent

Other reasons --------------------------------------------------- 15 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ------------------------------------ 06 per cent

Interpretation:

To everyone’s surprise, 30 per cent of the respondents feel that it is for accountability and

transparency purpose that cash and inventory records are maintained and hence the need for an

cash and inventory management system. This is followed by the need for saving time and the

requirement of operational smoothness.


5) Do you agree that the cash and inventory management system in your company has

fulfilled the needs for which it was evolved?

Strongly Agree -------------------------------------- 20 per cent

Agree ------------------------------------------------- 47 per cent

Disagree ----------------------------------------------- 15 per cent

Strongly Disagree ------------------------------------- 07 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ---------------------------- 11 per cent

Interpretation:

From the above response, it appears that the cash and inventory management system has more or

less achieved its objectives for which it was in place. This is evident from the 67 per cent of the

respondents’ opinion who have either agreed or strongly agreed in favour of this proposition.

However the response of 22 per cent of the respondents who think otherwise also speaks

something.

6) What according to you is the major benefit of going for cash and inventory management

system by your company?

It has made storage and retrieval of cash and material easier --------- 37 per cent

Improved Sales Effectiveness ---------------------------------- 26 per cent

Reduced Operational Cost ----------------------------------- 18 per cent

Other Benefits -------------------------------------------------- 10 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ------------------------------------ 09 per cent


Interpretation:

As regards the benefits of having a cash and inventory management system by the company, the

respondents are of the opinion that the major benefit lies in relaxation in terms of storage and

retrieval of material and proper Cash records. This is followed by increasing sales effectiveness

and reduction in operational cost. However, all these benefits are interlinked and the separation

between them is more analytical than anything else.

7) Do you have skilled professionals in your company for cash and inventory management?

Yes ----------------------------------------------- 50 per cent

No ------------------------------------------------- 30 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ---------------------- 20 per cent

Interpretation:

Recruitment of skilled professionals well vested with latest cash and inventory management

technology.

8) What category of professionals are managing your company cash and inventory?

Skilled and trained --------------------------------- 32 per cent

Only skilled but not trained ----------------------- 16 per cent

Non skilled but trained professionals -------------- 20 per cent

Non skilled and non trained professionals --------- 25 per cent

Others --------------------------------------------------- 07 per cent


Interpretation:

As already stated above in the earlier question, availability of trained and skilled professionals

for cash and inventory management needs serious attention of the company.

9) Do you agree that your company gives more emphasis on software than skilled

manpower with regard to cash and inventory management?

Strongly Agree -------------------------------------- 18 per cent

Agree ------------------------------------------------- 52 per cent

Disagree ----------------------------------------------- 15 per cent

Strongly Disagree ------------------------------------- 07 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ---------------------------- 08 per cent

Interpretation:

The above response gives an impression that the company puts greater emphasis on software

than skilled manpower for cash and inventory details management.

10) Do you think that the software used by your company is according to the design and

needs of the system?

Yes -------------------------------------------------- 86 per cent

No ---------------------------------------------------- 10 per cent

Do not know/ Cannot say ------------------------- 04 per cent

Interpretation:

The company appears to be using the software according to the system requirement and design

and according to the customers’ needs.


SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis of organizations to provide recommendations on their performance and growth

potential. It is a powerful tool for analyzing both complex qualitative and quantitative facts of an

investment decision.

The SWOT analysis identifies strength and weakness and relates them with forward-looking

opportunities and threats. This helps to identify company and industry specific critical drivers

and catalysts.

Strength

There are simple thing that the company has done that needs mention – with each and

every product, they ship Quality Certificate ensuring the perception of providing

quality service to customers.

Company does spend substantial effort in building the community and training their own

sales team.

Optimum use of technology like internet, computers, telecom services etc.

Canvera has changed the image of wedding album, replacing bulky and heavy albums

with swanky photo book.


Weakness

The mismatch between the advance technology of company and the target client of

canvera who are less computer savvy.

As quality comes with high cost so the company cannot cater the middle class

customers.

Less no. of branches.

Opportunities

Today each and every one is shifting from rolling camera’s to digital SLR’s camera.

So the future of this industry is bright.

With the growth in domestic consumption and Digital Imaging being driven largely

by the wedding market. Canvera thinks that this industry is on a steady growth curve.

Threats

Strong and emerging players in the industry to capture the maximum market share by

competing each other in one and another way.

Because of its high price, competitors can easily penetrate in the market.

It’s very difficult to compete with mom and pop shops which are located in every

corner of a street in the country.


JOB DESCRIPTION

Assigning and scheduling work and reviews completed work for accuracy and

completeness.

Evaluating employee performance by reviewing work, observation, and by comparing

performance to a standard acceptable performance level.

Providing technical assistance on problems and answers questions from the staff insuring

that all operating objectives of the program area are being met.

Preparing narrative reports with recommendations regarding findings for staff attorneys,

exhibits for court cases, or present evidence before grand or petit juries.

Attending meetings, conferences and prepares correspondence to explain program and

goals, to seek assistance, or give answers to accounting or auditing problems and to

report on audit findings.

Answering questions concerning accounting requirements of program, the form and

content of required accounting reports and other supporting documents.


Determining the relevance and need for certain records and documents.

Providing technical assistance to program administrators in the maintenance of records

of Cash and inventory

ESSENTIAL EXTRA FUNCTIONS NEEDED FOR A TRAINEE:-

Communication: Communicates with the general public, management, auditors, and

public officials in order to acquire, gather information or provide information, prepare

reports, or resolve problems relating to the area of assignment. Instructs and/or trains

subordinates, professionals, paraprofessionals, admin staff, or team members assigned to

special projects.

Manual/Physical: Operates a personal computer (PC), calculator, microfiche viewer,

facsimile machine, and other routine office equipment to produce reports, work papers,

and spreadsheets. Enters data or information into a PC to perform research, calculations,

and reconciliation; to retrieve information.

Mental: Manages and directs the activities of the assigned area of responsibility,

evaluates the work of subordinates in area of assignment. Prioritizes and assigns work to

subordinates and prioritizes own work. Resolves procedural and operational problems by

analyzing the problem and taking appropriate action. Performs mathematical calculations,

statistical computations, and financial analysis to support assigned functions.



FINDINGS

Strong and emerging players in the industry to capture the maximum market share by

competing each other in one and another way.

The company believes in quality and provides quality products and services which

differentiate it from its competitors. There are simple thing that the company has done

that needs mention – with each and every product, they ship Quality Certificate ensuring

the perception of providing quality service to customers.

Most of the respondents are aware of the software used by the company for the

management of Cash and Inventory.

All the transaction related to cash and inventory are recorded and updated in company’s

own software i.e. in “iConsole” and the data is easily extracted by the company personnel

for any further processing or for any query.

The company appears to be using the software according to the system requirement and

design and according to the customers’ needs.

No credit transactions are done by the company. All transactions (sales) are done on cash

basis.

All the operations are done electronically i.e. on online basis.

The company is tie up with Axis bank for any transactions and has a nationalized account

with it.

Company does spend substantial effort in building the community and training of staff

members of different departments.


RECOMMENDATIONS

Communicating to the customers through advertisement.

Sales Promotions program

Periodical Auditing of company operation should be done.

Make the system reliable, understandable and cost-effective.

What new updates of system software will be required? What new skills will be required?

Do existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in due course of

time? A Regular Survey should be made to answer these questions to make the system

more effective.


CONCLUSION

On the basis of study conducted by me, I have reached to the conclusion that before starting up

any training, one has to go through following steps:-

Commitment

Internal and external Surveys

Carrying out SWOT analysis

Before reaching to any conclusion I would like to mention some problems that I faced during

my summer training

They are:-

Limitations of time and money

It is difficult to choose best of data information

Practical aspects are different then theory

All people have different opinion

After conducting a full detailed study I found that it is the only company into this field which is

working professionally (All others are mom and pop company). The market share is growing

with a rapid speed and has shown triple X growth in last two years. It has immense system in

which cash and inventory is managed. It has its own software system to manage it. As far as cash

and inventory is concerned, it is managed by concerned branches only. They have their own

system which is maintained by Admin and CRM.

Finally, as the business is increasing swiftly, the whole system of managing the cash and

inventory is being updated time to time, to make it more users friendly and robust.



ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIRE

1) Are you aware about Cash and Inventory Management System?

Yes

No

Do not know/ Cannot say

2) Do you know that your company has an inventory management system?

Yes

No


3) Do you agree that there should be a proper cash and inventory management system in

place in any organization / company?

Agree

Disagree


4) For what reasons do you feel that there should be a cash and inventory management

system?

To smoothen operational requirement

To save time

To maintain accountability and transparency


Other reasons


5) Do you agree that the cash and inventory management system in your company has

fulfilled the needs for which it was evolved?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree


6) What according to you is the major benefit of going for cash and inventory management

system by your company?

It has made storage and retrieval of cash and material easier

Improved Sales Effectiveness

Reduced Operational Cost

Other Benefits


7) Do you have skilled professionals in your company for cash and inventory management?


Yes

No


8) What category of professionals are managing your company cash and inventory?

Skilled and trained

Only skilled but not trained

Non skilled but trained professionals

Non skilled and non trained professionals

Others

9) Do you agree that your company gives more emphasis on software than skilled

manpower with regard to cash and inventory management?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree


10) Do you think that the software used by your company is according to the design and

needs of the system?

Yes

No




BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Financial Management Theory and Practices……….Prasanna Chandra

Financial Management…………….. M Y Khan P K Jain

Search Engines

Canvera’s Official Site…….. www.Canvera.com

www.google.com

www.altavista.com

www.linkedIn.com


http://www.linkedIn.com/

http://www.altavista.com/

http://www.google.com/

http://www.Canvera.com/

Documents

Final Report - A Study on Cash and Inventory Management