Final Report 4-12-05 final - Kern Water Bankfinal report may 12, 2005 . kern water bank authority and california state university, bakersfield “3-d characterization and monitoring

KERN WATER BANK AUTHORITY AND CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY,

BAKERSFIELD “3-D CHARACTERIZATION AND

MONITORING OF AQUIFER ATTRIBUTES IN THE KERN WATER BANK”

LOCAL GROUNDWATER ASSISTANCE ACT OF 2000

FINAL REPORT

May 12, 2005

KERN WATER BANK AUTHORITY AND CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, BAKERSFIELD

“3-D CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING OF AQUIFER ATTRIBUTES IN THE KERN WATER BANK”

LOCAL GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE ACT OF 2000 FINAL REPORT

May 12, 2005

Page ii

Table of Contents – Section 1

Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 Task 1 Install Monitoring Well and Probes ............................................................................... 2

Subtask 1.1 - Install Monitoring Well.................................................................................... 2 Subtask 1.2 Install New Data Probes...................................................................................... 2 Subtask 1.3 Prepare Spreadsheet Program.............................................................................. 2

Task 3 Map Kern Water Bank Stratigraphy ............................................................................... 2 Subtask 3.4 Perform Aquifer Test .......................................................................................... 2

Final Cost Information................................................................................................................ 2

List of Illustrations Tables Table 1 Project Budget V Actual Costs Figures Figure 1 Well Location Map Figure 2 Well Construction Diagram Figure 3 Groundwater Probe Locations Figure 4 Aquifer Pump Test Appendices Appendix A Well Permit and Geophysical Log Appendix B Laboratory Reports Appendix C Well Probe Hydrographs Appendix D Aquifer Test Analysis

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KERN WATER BANK AUTHORITY AND CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, BAKERSFIELD

“3-D CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING OF AQUIFER ATTRIBUTES IN THE KERN WATER BANK”

LOCAL GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE ACT OF 2000 FINAL REPORT

Introduction The Kern Water Bank Authority’s (KWBA’s) “3-D Characterization and Monitoring of Aquifer Attributes in the Kern Water Bank” project has been competed under the Local Groundwater Management Assistance Act of 2000. The project work scope consists of four major components: 1) installation of a nested monitoring well and data loggers, 2) assembly of a database of electric logs and other pertinent information, 3) mapping the stratigraphy of the Kern Water Bank, and 4) preparation of a report documenting the stratigraphy and other attributes of the aquifer. The following specific tasks were completed for the project:

Task 1 Install Monitoring Well and Probes Subtask 1.1 Install Monitoring Well Subtask 1.2 Install Probes Subtask 1.3 Prepare Spreadsheet Program

Task 2 Complete Assembly of Database Subtask 2.1 Construct Magnetic Susceptibility Logs Subtask 2.2 Incorporate Additional Data into Database

Task 3 Map Kern Water Bank Stratigraphy Subtask 3.1 Correlate Digital Logs in Geographix Subtask 3.2 Create 3-Dimensional Map

Subtask 3.3 Link Aquifer Attributes and Depositional History Subtask 3.3.1 ICP-MS Analysis of Selected Samples Subtask 3.3.2 Analyze Water Samples Subtask 3.3.3 Perform Spinner Logs Subtask 3.3.4 Gather Petrographic Data Subtask 3.3.5 Perform Quantitative XRD Analysis Subtask 3.3.6 Compete SEM Analysis Subtask 3.3.7 Grain Size Analysis Subtask 3.3.8 Perform Magnetic Susceptibility Analysis Subtask 3.4 Perform Aquifer Pump Test

Task 4 Report Subtask 4.1 Progress Reports Subtask 4.2 Final 3-Dimensional Map Subtask 4.3 Final Report

Page 2

The report is subdivided into two sections. The first discusses the installation of the monitoring well and probes and the completion of the aquifer pump test (subtasks 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 3.4). These tasks were completed by the Kern Water Bank Authority. Final project cost information is also provided in this first section. The second section includes the database assembly, mapping, and reporting tasks completed by California State University, Bakersfield (tasks 2 and 3, excluding 3.4, and subtask 4.2). Task 1 Install Monitoring Well and Probes Subtask 1.1 - Install Monitoring Well A nested monitoring well has been installed in Section 24, T30S/R24E (Figure 1; see Appendix A for the well permit and geophysical log). The well consists of three separate completions, which allows for sampling the upper, middle, and deeper parts of the Kern Fan aquifer (Figure 2). Water from each of the completions was analyzed for general minerals, metals, and radioactivity. Laboratory reports are present in Appendix B. In addition, a data probe is installed in the middle completion for continuous monitoring of water levels and specific conductivity. This well will be gauged and sampled regularly in the future, and the gathered information will be integrated into the monitoring program for the Kern Fan aquifer. Subtask 1.2 Install New Data Probes Nine Hydrolab data probes have been installed in monitoring wells throughout the Kern Water Bank (Figure 3). These probes will provide for continuous monitoring of water levels and specific conductivity. Subtask 1.3 Prepare Spreadsheet Program A spreadsheet has been developed to calibrate probe data and generate hydrographs. A series of hydrographs showing the data collected to date are present in Appendix C. As stated above, the gathered information will be integrated into the monitoring program for the Kern Fan aquifer. Task 3 Map Kern Water Bank Stratigraphy Subtask 3.4 Perform Aquifer Test A 72-hour aquifer test was conducted on well 30/25-16J1 (Figure 4). An analysis of the data collected from the test is provided in Appendix D. This data will be incorporated into groundwater modeling efforts for the Kern Fan. Final Cost Information A summary of final cost information is provided in Table 1. The final total cost was $219,960.90, which is $39.10 less than the original project budget of $220,000.

Kern Water Bank AuthorityDWR AB303-2003 Grant

Budget to Actual - 5/12/2005

Budget ActualsTotal Total Total Total Budget Hours Cost Hours Cost to Actual

VarienceTask 1

1.1 Install Monitoring Well 14 67,210$ 14 68,498$ (1,288)$ 1.2 Install New Data Probes 12 28,900$ 12 32,434$ (3,534)$ 1.3 Prepare Spreadsheet Program 12 960$ 960$

Task 22.1 Construct magnetic susceptibility log 240 6,360$ 240 6,360$ -$ 2.2 Incorporate additional data into data base 185 7,100$ 180 6,750$ 350$

Task 33.1 Correlate digital logs in Geographix 570 20,530$ 570 20,530$ -$ 3.2 Create 3-D map 250 9,840$ 250 9,840$ -$ 3.3 Link Aquifer Attributes and Depositional History

3.3.1 ICP-MS analysis of selected samples 520 14,770$ 525 15,106$ (336)$ 3.3.2 Analyze water samples 420 10,250$ 420 10,250$ -$ 3.3.3 Perform "spinner logs" 60 4,380$ 60 4,380$ -$ 3.3.4 Gather petrographic data 190 9,325$ 190 9,325$ -$ 3.3.5 Perform quantitative XRD analysis 10 8,250$ 8 9,235$ (985)$ 3.3.6 Complete SEM analysis 20 1,500$ 20 1,500$ -$ 3.3.7 Grain Size Analysis 375 9,825$ 350 8,504$ 1,321$ 3.3.8 Perform magnetic susceptibility logging 230 5,470$ 230 5,470$ -$

3.4 Perform aquifer pump test 55 5,005$ 6,554$ (1,549)$ Task 4

4.1 Progress reports 19 2,045$ 5 445$ 1,600$ 4.2 Final 3-dimensional map 33 3,445$ 30 2,295$ 1,150$ 4.3 Final report* 53 4,835$ 40 2,485$ 2,350$

Totals: 3268 220,000$ 3144 219,960.90$ 39.10$

DATE:

JOB NO:

COMP. BY:

CHKD. BY:

SHEET: OF

Well Construction Diagram

MIN. 800’ BOTTOM OFBOREHOLE

GROUNDSURFACE

DEPTH = 0’

140’

120’

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE

SHALLOW COMPLETIONPERFORATIONS

WELL EQUIPMENT

Purge Pump:Grundfos Redi-Flo2 2” Pumps set at150’(Shallow), 200’(Middle), 200’(Deep)

Casing:Well: 2” Schedule 40 PVCMill Slot Horizontal Perf. 0.030

30S/24E-24C1,2,3

GRAVEL 200’ - 310’

GRAVEL 320’ - 354’

GRAVEL 360’ - 615’

BENTONITE SEAL615’ - 626’

160’

350’

330’

660’

640’




BOTTOM OF CEMENT SEALBENTONITE SEAL120’ - 125’

GRAVEL 130’ - 190’

BOREHOLE DIA.12 1/4”8 3/4”

06/21/04

BRADLEY & SONS

1 1

MIDDLE COMPLETIONPERFORATIONS

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CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD NUMBERSTATE WELL NUMBER SAMPLING DATE STORET CODE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS DATE VALUE BELOW DETECTION LEVEL DETECTION LIMIT UNITS DLR OR LABORATORY ID NUMBER

KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00081 Apparent Color 8/26/2004 0:00 50 FALSE 6 ACU 3 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00086 Odor 8/26/2004 15:42 200 FALSE 1 TON 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00095 Specific Conductance 8/30/2004 14:36 405 FALSE 2 UMHO 4 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00403 Lab pH 8/31/2004 0:00 6.5 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00405 Carbon Dioxide,Free(25C)-Calc. 9/3/2004 19:29 25 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00410 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units 8/30/2004 18:33 33 FALSE 2 MGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00440 Bicarb.Alkalinity as HCO3,calc 9/2/2004 14:47 40 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00445 Carbonate as CO3, Calculated 9/3/2004 19:28 0.0083 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00900 Total Hardness as CaCO3 by ICP 8/31/2004 10:42 98 FALSE 3 MGL 7 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00916 Calcium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:33 24 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00927 Magnesium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:33 9.2 FALSE 0.1 MGL 0.1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00929 Sodium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:33 47 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00937 Potassium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:33 3.3 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00940 Chloride 9/3/2004 14:26 45 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00945 Sulfate 9/3/2004 14:26 76 FALSE 2 MGL 2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 00951 Fluoride 8/31/2004 13:22 0.67 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01000 Arsenic, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/2/2004 0:00 6.5 FALSE 1 UGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01007 Barium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 25 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01012 Beryllium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01027 Cadmium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 2.1 FALSE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01034 Chromium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01042 Copper, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01045 Iron, Dissolved, ICAP 8/31/2004 0:00 0.67 FALSE 0.02 MGL 0.1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01051 Lead, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01055 Manganese, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 1000 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01059 Thallium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01067 Nickel, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 5.2 FALSE 5 UGL 5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01077 Silver, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01092 Zinc, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 14 FALSE 5 UGL 5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01097 Antimony, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01105 Aluminum, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 25 TRUE 25 UGL 25 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 01147 Selenium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:23 < 5.0 TRUE 5 UGL 5 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 70300 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 8/31/2004 18:00 300 FALSE 10 MGL 10 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 71900 Mercury, dissolved 9/8/2004 17:11 < 0.20 TRUE 0.2 UGL 0.2 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 82298 Bromide 8/27/2004 0:00 0.15 FALSE 0.005 MGL 0.005 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 MBAS Surfactants 8/26/2004 11:50 0.15 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 TEMP03 pH of CaCO3 saturation(60C) 9/3/2004 19:37 8 FALSE 0.1 UNIT 0.1 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 x Langelier Index - 25 degree 9/3/2004 19:41 -0.9 FALSE 0 NONE -0.9 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 x pH of CaCO3 saturation(25C) 9/3/2004 19:32 8.5 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260273KWBA 30S/24E-24C01 8/25/2004 9:45 x Turbidity 8/26/2004 19:37 47 FALSE 0.05 NTU 0.05 2408260273

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KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00081 Apparent Color 8/26/2004 0:00 5 FALSE 3 ACU 3 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00086 Odor 8/26/2004 15:42 200 FALSE 1 TON 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00095 Specific Conductance 8/30/2004 15:00 906 FALSE 2 UMHO 4 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00403 Lab pH 8/31/2004 0:00 7.7 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00405 Carbon Dioxide,Free(25C)-Calc. 9/3/2004 19:29 3.4 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00410 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units 8/30/2004 18:33 70 FALSE 2 MGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00440 Bicarb.Alkalinity as HCO3,calc 9/2/2004 14:47 85 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00445 Carbonate as CO3, Calculated 9/3/2004 19:28 0.28 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00900 Total Hardness as CaCO3 by ICP 8/31/2004 10:42 171 FALSE 3 MGL 7 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00916 Calcium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:44 62 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00927 Magnesium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:44 4 FALSE 0.1 MGL 0.1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00929 Sodium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:44 120 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00937 Potassium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:44 1.4 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00940 Chloride 9/3/2004 14:40 190 FALSE 2 MGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00945 Sulfate 9/3/2004 14:40 70 FALSE 4 MGL 2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 00951 Fluoride 8/31/2004 13:22 0.2 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01000 Arsenic, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/2/2004 0:00 10 FALSE 1 UGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01007 Barium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 45 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01012 Beryllium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01027 Cadmium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01034 Chromium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01042 Copper, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01045 Iron, Dissolved, ICAP 8/31/2004 0:00 0.034 FALSE 0.02 MGL 0.1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01051 Lead, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01055 Manganese, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 57 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01059 Thallium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01067 Nickel, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 5.0 TRUE 5 UGL 5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01077 Silver, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01092 Zinc, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 23 FALSE 5 UGL 5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01097 Antimony, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 6.9 FALSE 1 UGL 1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01105 Aluminum, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:27 < 25 TRUE 25 UGL 25 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 01147 Selenium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/7/2004 16:05 < 5.0 TRUE 5 UGL 5 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 70300 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 8/31/2004 18:00 610 FALSE 10 MGL 10 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 71900 Mercury, dissolved 9/8/2004 17:11 < 0.20 TRUE 0.2 UGL 0.2 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 82298 Bromide 8/31/2004 0:00 1.1 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.005 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 MBAS Surfactants 8/26/2004 11:50 < 0.050 TRUE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 TEMP03 pH of CaCO3 saturation(60C) 9/3/2004 19:37 7.3 FALSE 0.1 UNIT 0.1 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 x Langelier Index - 25 degree 9/3/2004 19:41 -0.02 FALSE 0 NONE -0.9 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 x pH of CaCO3 saturation(25C) 9/3/2004 19:32 7.7 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260276KWBA 30S/24E-24C02 8/25/2004 9:45 x Turbidity 8/26/2004 19:37 2.6 FALSE 0.05 NTU 0.05 2408260276

Page 1 of 1


KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00081 Apparent Color 8/26/2004 0:00 < 3.0 TRUE 3 ACU 3 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00086 Odor 8/26/2004 15:42 200 FALSE 1 TON 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00095 Specific Conductance 8/30/2004 15:00 1460 FALSE 2 UMHO 4 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00403 Lab pH 8/31/2004 0:00 7.8 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00405 Carbon Dioxide,Free(25C)-Calc. 9/3/2004 19:29 2 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00410 Alkalinity in CaCO3 units 8/30/2004 18:33 52 FALSE 2 MGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00440 Bicarb.Alkalinity as HCO3,calc 9/2/2004 14:47 64 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00445 Carbonate as CO3, Calculated 9/3/2004 19:28 0.26 FALSE 0.001 MGL 0.001 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00900 Total Hardness as CaCO3 by ICP 8/31/2004 10:42 149 FALSE 3 MGL 7 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00916 Calcium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:36 57 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00927 Magnesium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:36 1.6 FALSE 0.1 MGL 0.1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00929 Sodium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:36 230 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00937 Potassium, Total, ICAP 8/30/2004 18:36 1.3 FALSE 1 MGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00940 Chloride 9/3/2004 14:11 430 FALSE 5 MGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00945 Sulfate 9/3/2004 14:11 18 FALSE 10 MGL 2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 00951 Fluoride 8/31/2004 13:22 0.4 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01000 Arsenic, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/2/2004 0:00 60 FALSE 1 UGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01007 Barium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 34 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01012 Beryllium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01027 Cadmium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01034 Chromium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01042 Copper, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 2.0 TRUE 2 UGL 2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01045 Iron, Dissolved, ICAP 8/31/2004 0:00 < 0.020 TRUE 0.02 MGL 0.1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01051 Lead, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01055 Manganese, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 35 FALSE 2 UGL 2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01059 Thallium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 1.0 TRUE 1 UGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01067 Nickel, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 5.0 TRUE 5 UGL 5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01077 Silver, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 0.50 TRUE 0.5 UGL 0.5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01092 Zinc, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 17 FALSE 5 UGL 5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01097 Antimony, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 1.3 FALSE 1 UGL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01105 Aluminum, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/1/2004 14:30 < 25 TRUE 25 UGL 25 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01147 Selenium, dissolved, ICAP/MS 9/7/2004 16:05 < 5.0 TRUE 5 UGL 5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01501 Alpha, Gross 9/14/2004 0:00 < 3.0 TRUE 3 PCIL 1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 01502 Alpha, Two Sigma Error 9/14/2004 0:00 1.6 FALSE 0 PCIL 0 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 03501 Beta, Gross 9/14/2004 0:00 < 3.0 TRUE 3 PCIL -5 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 70300 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 8/31/2004 18:00 900 FALSE 10 MGL 10 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 71900 Mercury, dissolved 9/8/2004 17:11 < 0.20 TRUE 0.2 UGL 0.2 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 82298 Bromide 8/31/2004 0:00 2.1 FALSE 0.05 MGL 0.005 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 MBAS Surfactants 8/26/2004 11:50 < 0.050 TRUE 0.05 MGL 0.05 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 TEMP03 pH of CaCO3 saturation(60C) 9/3/2004 19:37 7.4 FALSE 0.1 UNIT 0.1 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 x Langelier Index - 25 degree 9/3/2004 19:41 -0.08 FALSE 0 NONE -0.9 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 x pH of CaCO3 saturation(25C) 9/3/2004 19:32 7.9 FALSE 0.001 UNIT 0.001 2408260279KWBA 30S/24E-24C03 8/25/2004 9:45 x Turbidity 8/26/2004 19:37 8.6 FALSE 0.05 NTU 0.05 2408260279

Page 1 of 1

Groundwater Levels - 30S/24E-13D02Screened Interval 320' - 360'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-12.0

38.0

88.0

138.0

188.0

238.0

288.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/24E-13D02Screened Interval 320' - 360'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-12.0

38.0

88.0

138.0

188.0

238.0

288.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/24E-24C02Screened Interval 330' - 350'

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-10.00

40.00

90.00

140.00

190.00

240.00

290.00

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/24E-24C02Screened Interval 330' - 350'

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00


Dep

th (F

eet)

-10.00

40.00

90.00

140.00

190.00

240.00

290.00

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-04J03Screened Interval 345' - 455'

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

11.00

61.00

111.00

161.00

211.00

261.00

311.00

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00


Dep

th (F

eet)

11.00

61.00

111.00

161.00

211.00

261.00

311.00

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-11P02Screened Interval 330' - 470'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

18.0

68.0

118.0

168.0

218.0

268.0

318.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-11P02Screened Interval 330' - 470'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0


Dep

th (F

eet)

18.0

68.0

118.0

168.0

218.0

268.0

318.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-16L01Screened Interval 285' - 345'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

4.0

54.0

104.0

154.0

204.0

254.0

304.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0


Dep

th (F

eet)

4.0

54.0

104.0

154.0

204.0

254.0

304.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

4.0

54.0

104.0

154.0

204.0

254.0

304.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-19N04Screened Interval 310' - 385'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-8.0

42.0

92.0

142.0

192.0

242.0

292.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-19N04Screened Interval 310' - 385'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0


Dep

th (F

eet)

-8.0

42.0

92.0

142.0

192.0

242.0

292.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

Groundwater Levels - 30S/25E-19R01Screened Interval 485' - 555'

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-2.0

48.0

98.0

148.0

198.0

248.0

298.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

-2.0

48.0

98.0

148.0

198.0

248.0

298.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Dep

th (F

eet)

-2.0

48.0

98.0

148.0

198.0

248.0

298.0

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

31

81

131

181

231

281

331

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Dep

th (F

eet)

31

81

131

181

231

281

331

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jun-01

Sep-01

Dec-01

Mar-02

Jun-02

Sep-02

Dec-02

Mar-03

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Mar-04

Jun-04

Sep-04

Dec-04

Mar-05

Dep

th (F

eet)

35

85

135

185

235

285

335

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Dep

th (F

eet)

35

85

135

185

235

285

335

Eelv

atio

n (fe

et)

KWB 16J1 Pump Test Summary• Well 16J1 was pumped at about 1720 gpm for 72 hours• Water level data were collected in pumping well 16J1 and observation wells

16B1, the 16L1-16L4 cluster, 21A1, and 21D1• Data recorders in wells 16L1, 16L2, and 16L4 either failed or showed no

drawdown• Useful data from wells 16J1, 16B1, 16L3, and 21A1 were corrected for

regional recovery due to recharge and analyzed using Aquifer3 software:Well Transmissivity (sq ft/d) Storage Coefficient16J1 9,400 – 10,500 NA 16B1 44,650 – 55,400 0.0006 – 0.0017 16L3 16,950 – 18,850 0.0006 – 0.000821A1 6,350 – 6,550 0.003

Distance Drawdown 8,400 NA

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

03/20/05 03/22/05 03/24/05 03/26/05 03/28/05 03/30/05 04/01/05 04/03/05 04/05/05 04/07/05

Dept

h to

Wat

er (f

t)

Pumping Well 16B1 21D1 21A1 16L4 Shallow 16L3 Deep 16L2 Mid 16L1 Shallow

Depth to water data for all wells, corrected for barometric effects

100.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

160.0

170.0

180.0

190.0

200.0

03/20/05 03/22/05 03/24/05 03/26/05 03/28/05 03/30/05 04/01/05 04/03/05 04/05/05 04/07/05

Dept

h to

Wat

er (f

t)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

Draw

dow

n (ft

)

16J1 Pumping Well Corrected Drawdown

Pumping well 16J1 data corrected for regional recovery, and resulting drawdown/recovery data

Cooper and Jacob

0.0

13.6

27.2

40.8

54.4

68.0

10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104

Dra

wdo

wn

(ft)

Time (min)

ClientJob NumberTest DesignatorMonitoring WellReferenceTransmissivityStorage Coefficient

Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16J1Cooper and Jacob, 194610514.2 sq ft/d3.15986e-008

LEGEND

Data Used Data Ignored

Theis

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16J1Theis, 19352217.97 sq ft/d0.952028

LEGEND


Theis Recovery

0.0

3.2

6.4

9.6

12.8

16.0

100 101 102 103 104

Res

idua

l Dra

wdo

wn

(ft)

Time, t/t'


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16J1Theis, 19469411.41 sq ft/d

LEGEND


115.0

116.0

117.0

118.0

119.0

120.0

121.0

122.0

123.0

124.0

125.0

126.0

03/20/05 03/22/05 03/24/05 03/26/05 03/28/05 03/30/05 04/01/05 04/03/05 04/05/05 04/07/05

Dept

h to

Wat

er (f

t)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

16B1 Corrected Drawdown

Observation well 16B1 data corrected for regional recovery, and resulting drawdown/recovery data

Theis

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16B1Theis, 193544654 sq ft/d0.00175931

LEGEND


Hantush

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

,r/B

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16B1Hantush and Jacob, 195547206.4 sq ft/d0.00170005

LEGEND


Papadopulos and Cooper

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108

F(u,

A, R

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16B1Papadopulos and Cooper, 196755412.4 sq ft/d0.000587115

LEGEND


120.0

122.0

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

03/20/05 03/22/05 03/24/05 03/26/05 03/28/05 03/30/05 04/01/05 04/03/05 04/05/05 04/07/05

Dept

h to

Wat

er (f

t)

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

16L3 Deep Corrected Drawdown

Observation well 16L3 (Deep) data corrected for regional recovery, and resulting drawdown/recovery data

Theis

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16L3Theis, 193516971.4 sq ft/d0.000780448

LEGEND


Hantush

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

H(u

,ß)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16L3Hantush, 196018872.8 sq ft/d0.000563242

LEGEND


114.0

115.0

116.0

117.0

118.0

119.0

120.0

121.0

122.0

123.0

124.0

03/20/05 03/22/05 03/24/05 03/26/05 03/28/05 03/30/05 04/01/05 04/03/05 04/05/05 04/07/05

Dep

th to

Wat

er (f

t)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

21A1 Corrected Drawdown

Observation well 21A1 data corrected for regional recovery, and resulting drawdown/recovery data

Theis

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test21A1Theis, 19356530.85 sq ft/d0.00308193

LEGEND


Hantush

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105

W(u

,r/B

)

1/u


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test21A1Hantush and Jacob, 19556331.08 sq ft/d0.00299216

LEGEND


Thiem

0.0

12.8

25.6

38.4

51.2

64.0

10-1 100 101 102 103 104

Dra

wdo

wn

(ft)

Distance (ft)


Kern Water Bank Authority810116J1 Pumping Test16J1Thiem, 19068407.28 sq ft/d

LEGEND


DATE:

JOB NO:

COMP. BY:

CHKD. BY:

SHEET: OF

Well Construction Diagram

MIN. 700’ BOTTOM OFBOREHOLE

GROUNDSURFACE

DEPTH = 0’

285’

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE

SHALLOW COMPLETIONPERFORATIONS

30S/25E-16L1,2,3,4

345’

555’

515’

690’

645’

CONCRETEANNULAR SEAL

0’ - 265’

11/08/90

ARTHUR & ORUM

1 1

MIDDLE COMPLETIONPERFORATIONS

DEEP COMPLETIONPERFORATIONS

1

6L

01

1

6L

03

1

6L

02

24” DIA.BOREHOLE

700

350

525

175

262.5

437.5

612.5

87.5

1

6L

04


355’ - 495’


565’ - 625’

GRAVEL265’ - 355’

GRAVEL495’ - 565’

GRAVEL625’ - 700’

WELL EQUIPMENT

Casing (Triple Completion):6” x .188” Wall Blank Steel Pipe6” x .188” Wall Perf (1/8” max. slot size)

Casing (Super Shallow):2” Steel Pipe

SUPER SHALLOWCOMPLETION

PERFORATIONS

100’

130’

CEMENT SEAL0’ - 98’

GRAVEL100’ - 130+’


?

FINAL PROJECT REPORT

3-D CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING OF AQUIFER ATTRIBUTES IN THE KERN WATER BANK

STATE OF CALIFORNIA AB303 PROGRAM

CSU BAKERSFIELD CONTRIBUTIONS

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES……….ii LIST OF FIGURES……….iii ABSTRACT……….iv SUMMARY OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS……….1 Summary of Project Goals……….1 Principal Results……….1

Completion of Database……….1 Defining Sedimentary Units and Mapping their Distribution……….2 Analyses of Water and Sediment Samples……….4

DETAILED REPORT OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS: TASK 2 – COMPLETE ASSEMBLY OF

GEOGRAPHIX DATABASE……….10 SubTask 2.1. Acquisition of Magnetic Susceptibility Logs……….10 SubTask 2.2. Incorporation of Water Level Data and Electric Logs from Shallow Oil

Wells……….10 DETAILED REPORT OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS: TASK 3 – MAP KERN WATER BANK

STRATIGRAPHY AND LINK AQUIFER ATTRIBUTES AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY TO MAPPING RESULTS……….11

SubTask 3.1. Correlate Digital Log in Geographix™……….11 SubTask 3.2. Mapping Sedimentary Layers in 2-D and 3-D……….12 SubTask 3.3. Link Aquifer Attributes and Depositional History to Mapping Results……….15

SubTask 3.3.2. Elemental Analysis of Grab Samples after Sequential Extractions……….16 SubTask 3.3.3. Geochemical Analyses of Depth-Resolved Water Samples……….18 SubTask 3.3.4. Downhole Flow Measurement……….23 SubTask 3.3.5. Petrographic Description of Thin Sections……….24 SubTask 3.3.6. Quantitative XRD Analysis of Grab Samples……….26 SubTask 3.3.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Selected Samples……….27 SubTask 3.3.8. Grain-Size Determination……….28 SubTask 3.3.9. Magnetic Susceptibility of Grab Samples……….29 Other Analyses in Grab Sample Database and Supplemental Data……….31

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……….32 REFERENCES CITED……….34

ii

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.2.1. Kern Water Bank Project wells and location coordinates Table 3.1.1. Sedimentary unit top and base elevations Table 3.1.2. Sand percentages by depth zone Table 3.3.2.1a. Concentration of arsenic in different fractions of sediment samples from Well 23H Table 3.3.2.1b. Concentration of arsenic in different fractions of sediment samples from Well 24K Table 3.3.3.1. Arsenic concentrations in Well 23H Table 3.3.5.1. Major grain types Table 3.3.5.2. Accessory minerals Table 3.3.6.1. X-ray diffraction data Table 3.3.8.1. Visual grain-size and lithology of grab samples from Wells 23H and 24K Table 3.3.8.2. Grab sample grain-size data for Wells 23H and 24K Table 3.3.9.1. Magnetic susceptibility data

iii

LIST OF FIGURES Figure S1.Location Map of Project Area and surrounding features discussed in the text Figure S2. Geochemical data from Well T30SR25E23H Figure 2.2.1. Contour maps based on water levels measured in monitoring wells in the Kern Water

Bank Figure 2.2.2. Location of oil wells with logs used in the project Figure 2.2.3. Well coverage of completed database Figure 3.1.1. Sample electric logs from two wells ~one-half mile apart in the Kern Water Bank Figure 3.2.1. Structure and isochore maps of C and D type individual sedimentary units Figure 3.2.2. Structure and isochore maps of LsCus2 prograding delta sedimentary package Figure 3.2.3. Sand percentage maps Figure 3.2.4. 3-D model of Kern Water Bank region Figure 3.2.5. Horizontal slices through 3-D volume of Figure 3.2.4. Figure 3.3.2. Sequential extractions data Figure 3.3.3.1 Stiff Diagrams showing the results of Major Ion Analysis for Well 23H Figure 3.3.3.2 Arsenic concentrations in depth specific samples collected under non-pumping conditions

from Well 23H Figure 3.3.5.1. Composition of the coarse fraction of sands from the Kern Water Bank Figure 3.3.7.1. SEM backscattered-electron image of fine-grain sediment from Well 23H, depth 550 feet Figure 3.3.7.2. SEM backscattered-electron image showing spherical framboids composed of authigenic

octahedral pyrite crystals from Well 23H Figure 3.3.7.3. SEM image showing octahedral crystals of authigenic pyrite in matrix of detrital clays

from Well 23H Figure 3.3.7.4. SEM image of authigenic pyrite from Well 23H, depth 550 ft. showing close-up of

dissolution textures Figure 3.3.8.1. Sand/silt/clay percentage diagrams and short-normal electric logs for Wells 30S25E 23H

and 30S25E 24K Figure 3.3.8.2. Grain-size (light curves) and electrical resistivity (bold curves) of Kern Water Bank

sediments from Well 23H Figure 3.3.9.1. Mass-normalized magnetic susceptibility (χ) vs. depth for eight wells from the region of

the Kern Water Bank Figure 3.3.9.2. Magnetic susceptibility of all wells plotted on one diagram

iv

ABSTRACT The Project Database was completed with the addition of magnetic susceptibility logs, Fall water level maps, and electric logs from shallow oil wells. Sedimentary units were defined down to ~1,000 ft of depth based on resistivity values from electric logs using a sand/shale cutoff of 20 ohm-m. Also, sand percentages were calculated for five depth zones within this same depth interval. Two sets of color contour maps were produced showing the distribution of these units and sand percentages throughout the Kern Water Bank region. One integrated sedimentary unit, named LsCus2, was mapped that exhibits a systematic coarsening-upward grain-size signature. This unit, found principally toward the south-central portion of the Water Bank area in a depth range from ~300-600 ft below ground surface, is interpreted to represent a sub-lacustrine (i.e., lake) delta deposit that prograded outward into a more extensive, ancient Buena Vista Lake basin at the end of the Kern River Alluvial Fan system. The location of this deposit may have, in part, been controlled by subsidence along normal faults mapped lower in the subsurface. For the purpose of better defining existing groundwater flow models of the Kern Water Bank, D. Bean of Geographix Consultants, Inc., developed a 3-D model based on this report’s stratigraphy. This model is presented here as a block diagram and a corresponding set of horizontal depth slices. The sediment distribution maps in conjuction with the depth slices suggest the predominance of sandy sediments in broad channel-like deposits semi-parallel to the modern course of the Kern River. Also, a vertical prism consisting almost entirely of sand was found in a 3-4 square-mile area adjacent to and to the west of the LsCus2 deposit. The location of this deposit relative to LsCus2 and on top of an upfaulted block suggests that it may have been deposited in an ancestral Buena Vista Lake as a sand spit. Finally, no convincing evidence was found of clay layers underlying the entire study region. As part of this study, several analyses were conducted on “grab” sediment (i.e., “soil”) samples and groundwater samples from eight wells, focusing on two wells in Sections 23 and 24 of T30S R25E. These analyses included elemental geochemistry, thin-section petrography, x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy with EDX analysis, granulometry, and magnetic susceptibility. The sediment and water analyses, taken together with existing data from previous studies (e.g., whole-well chemical analyses, total organic and inorganic carbon, and lithologic descriptions of hand specimens), support a geochemical model based on the LsCus2 prograding delta deposit, a model that addresses the origin of elevated groundwater arsenic in an isolated region of the Water Bank. This model predicts reducing geochemical conditions in these prograding delta sediments resulting in the dissolution of iron oxides during an iron reduction phase and followed by the precipitation of arsenic-bearing pyrite during a sulfate reduction phase. The former two predictions are supported by high organic carbon content and low magnetic susceptibility in the LsCus2 deposit; the pyrite precipitation prediction is supported by the observation of pyrite framboids in the LsCus2 deposit in a well with elevated groundwater arsenic. Also predicted is the release of arsenic through the dissolution of this pyrite after a subsequent change to oxidizing conditions. The “availability of arsenic prediction” is supported by elevated groundwater arsenic at a depth in the well that corresponds to the

v

base of the LsCus2 prograding delta deposit and, also, by the observation that sediment arsenic in this depth zone predominantly resides in the easily exchangeable fraction and is, thus, readily incorporated into groundwater. The pyrite dissolution prediction due to subsequent oxidation is supported by dissolution textures in pyrite observed in SEM imagery, by a speciation of groundwater arsenic valence that is suggestive of mixed oxidizing and reducing conditions, and by increased levels of total arsenic during pumping rather than static well conditions. As an outgrowth from the results of this study, future work will endeavor to extend the Kern Water Bank stratigraphy outward into the rest of the Kern River Alluvial Fan and southern San Joaquin Valley. Also, the groundwater quality model will be refined through attempts to detect arsenic in pyrite using energy dispersive x-ray analyzers on a microprobe system and the extension of the model to include other elements.

SUMMARY OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS

Summary of Project Goals The proposed goal of the CSUB component of this study was to improve the understanding

of the stratigraphy of the Kern Water Bank (Fig. S1) focusing on aspects relevant to water

quality and production. The main objectives related to this goal were:

• complete the assembly of a database-in-progress • map the distribution sedimentary units in 2-D and 3-D • improve the understanding of the relationship between the above distribution and

groundwater quality and production through the analysis of key sediment and groundwater samples

• develop integrative models of depositional environment and geochemical evolution as aids to predict spatial and time-dependent variations in groundwater quality and production.

Toward the attainment of the above objectives, sedimentary units were to be mapped

throughout the Water Bank to a depth of ~1,000 feet below ground surface (fbgs) after inferring

these units from short-normal electric logs (Tasks 3.1 and 3.2). The resultant 3-D distribution of

sedimentary units were then to be tied into groundwater production and quality through various

existing and new analyses of grab samples and groundwater samples from wells (Task 2 and

Task 3.3). These analyses included the measurement of grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, total

organic carbon and the concentrations of major and minor elements. Also, grab samples were

inspected and/or analyzed via petrographic microscope and scanning electron microscope and

the mineralogy of samples was determined using x-ray diffractometry,

Principal Results

Completion of Database

The assembly of the database was completed by the incorporation into the project database of

water level data (Fig. 2.2.1), electric logs from shallow oil wells (Fig. 2.2.2), and magnetic

susceptibility logs (Fig. 3.3.9.1-2).

2

Defining Sedimentary Units and Mapping their Distribution

Sedimentary units were defined based on the resistivity of electric logs from 162 water and

shallow oil wells (Fig. 2.2.3). Based on generally presumed relationships between electrical

resistivity and grain-size/clay content in detrital sediments, intervals of high and low resistivity

were interpreted to dominate sediments that are coarser-grained (i.e., sands) and finer-grained

(i.e., silts and/or clays), respectively (Fig. 3.1.1). A resistivity cutoff of 20 ohm-m was used to

distinguish sands from finer-grained sediments with higher clay contents.

The distributions of these units were mapped in the region of the Kern Water Bank and to a

depth of 800-1,000 feet below ground surface (fbgs). Three types of map products were

produced. The first is a series of structure maps of the top and bottom of units plus corresponding

isochore (unit thickness) maps (Fig. 3.2.1a-j and 3.2.2). These maps contoured values associated

with units identified in wells throughout the study area. Because the average well spacing was

coarse (~1 well/mi2) and because most units were not found in every well, these maps should be

interpreted as indicating probable distributions rather than maps of continuous units. The second

map type consists of a series of contour maps showing the sand percentage or “net sand” in five

depth zones (Fig. 3.2.3). The third is a model based on the first set of maps interpolated to a 3-D

set of grid points (Fig. 3.2.4 and 3.2.5). This 3-D model was developed by David Bean of

Geomatrix Consultants, Inc. for the purpose of incorporating this data more conveniently into

groundwater flow models.

The following bulleted items summarize the main observations based on the mapping

products:

• Expected Overall Grain-Size Distribution for Pro-Grading Alluvial Fan-Delta

Depositional Environment. As a general rule, the sediments are progressively coarser-

3

grained at shallower depths and, at these shallower depths, the coarsest-grained sediments

occur in higher abundances toward the apex (to the NW) of the Kern River Alluvial Fan

(e.g., Fig. 3.2.3b-f). Both patterns are expected distributions for an alluvial fan building

outward over time into the basin toward the toe of the fan and from its apex (Fig. S1).

• Lack of Continuous Clay-Rich Layers Covering Entire Study Region. Although fine-

grained units were, on the whole, more prevalent in the middle depth ranges, no clay-rich

unit with a thickness greater than ~50 ft could be mapped continuously throughout the

entire study region (Fig. 3.2.1a-e).

• Preferential ENE-WNW Orientation of Elongate Sandy Deposits. High concentrations

and/or elevated thicknesses of coarser-grained sediments exhibit quasi-linear patterns that

are semi-parallel to the modern path of the Kern River (e.g., lowest diagram of Fig.

3.2.1h). At the greatest depths, this channel pattern lay southeast of the present channel;

at intermediate to shallow depths it migrated northwestward of the present channel. The

bases of these thick sand bodies usually occupy structural lows (e.g., middle diagram of

Fig. 3.2.1h). This pattern may simply represent preferred channel locations throughout

the development of the Kern River Alluvial Fan that are distributed more or less radially

outward from the fan apex (Fig. S1). Alternatively, we speculate that the present location

of the Kern River occupies a subtle, but persistently active, axial-graben structure along

the hinge of the Bakersfield Arch (Fig. S1). These competing models will not be testable

until the rest of the alluvial fan has been mapped.

• Prograding Delta Deposited into Proto-Buena Vista Lake. Sediments in the middle depth

range are slightly, but significantly, finer-grained. One particular locus of fine-grained

sediments is at the base of a coherent package of sediments characterized by LsCus2, an

integrative unit defined by a Large-Scale Coarsening-Upward pattern (Fig. 3.1.1). This

package increases in thickness toward the present day location of the Buena Vista Lake

terminal basin of the Kern River Alluvial Fan system (Fig. 3.2.2). Taken together, the

location of this package, its coarsening-upward pattern and its overall finer-grained

nature point to this feature as a prograding delta that built outward into a more extensive,

4

ancient version of the Buena Vista Lake terminal basin (Fig. S1). In addition to the

implications of this relatively fine-grained deposit regarding groundwater transmissivity,

this feature has significant implications regarding groundwater quality. The sediments

associated with this feature would have been deposited under lake water and, hence, may

have experienced reducing geochemical conditions rather than the oxidizing conditions

experienced by sediments deposited by the alluvial channels elsewhere on the alluvial

fan. Such conditions would lead to the dissolution of iron oxides, in extreme cases

followed sulfate reduction and the precipitation of pyrite, a mineral that readily serves as

a reservoir for arsenic (e.g., Savage et al., 2000; Evans and Heller, 2003; Kirk et al.,

2004). Subsequent exposure to oxidizing conditions would dissolve the pyrite and release

the arsenic into groundwater. These predictions are consistent with overlapping map

patterns of this deposit and elevated groundwater arsenic values and, also, with the results

of the several of the water and sediment analyses (see following text and Fig. S2).

• Sand-Rich Deposit on Horst (Up-Thrown) Block. High percentages of sand (>50%) were

found at all depth zones under a 3-4 square-mile area centered on the corner shared by

Sections 20, 21, 28, and 29 of T30S R25E (Fig. 3.2.3). This feature is slightly elongated

and trends SW-NE. It lies on top of a horst block that has been uplifted relative to its

surroundings by normal faults that may still be active (Fig. 3.2.2). Thus this patch of sand

may represent relatively coarse-grained deposition on a promontory or spit projected

outward into a larger ancestral terminal lake system or, alternatively, on a sublacustrine

shelf. The prograding delta deposit discussed in the previous bullet item occupies the

structural depression adjacent to and to the SE of the horst block.

Analyses of Water and Sediment Samples

Two wells were chosen for the bulk of groundwater and sediment sampling and analyses

based on the observation that their groundwater quality was markedly different despite the fact

that they were less than a mile apart. They are located in Township 30S and Range 25E in the

south-central part of the Kern Water Bank and are circled in green on Figure 2.2.3. The wells are

in Section 23 and 24, and in the “H” and “K” 40-acre parcels, respectively. From this point on

they will be referred to as Wells 23H and 24K.

5

The major conclusions reached by the analyses are as follows.

• Elemental Analyses of Grab Samples after Sequential Extraction. Sediments from both

wells have similar overall total arsenic concentrations, showing a wide range from 1.08 to

15.16 ppm in Well 23H, and 0.76 to 17.49 ppm in Well 24K (Figures 3.3.2.f. and

3.3.2.g.). Both wells are also similar in that arsenic appears to be bound primarily to the

exchangeable, the Fe-Mn oxide, and the residual fractions. However, the relative

magnitude of these fractions shows interesting differences between the two wells. Well

23H has significantly more exchangeable arsenic than 24K with especially high

concentrations between 400 and 600 ft depth. The relatively high levels of exchangeable

arsenic in Well 23H could explain the high arsenic concentrations in groundwater

produced from this well. Small changes in total dissolved solids or pH in water that

comes in contact with these sediments could mobilize the loosely bound arsenic. It

appears that in particular the zone between 400 and 600 ft in Well 23H is a potential

source of arsenic in groundwater pumped from the well. In Well 24K, on the other hand,

more of the arsenic appears to be bound up in the residual fraction, which consists

primarily of silicate minerals (and, perhaps, sulfides) and is thus less likely to mobilize in

groundwater.

• Geochemical Analyses of Depth-resolved Water Samples. The depth-specific water

samples collected in August 2004, exhibit little variation in water quality with respect to

the major cations and anions with depth (Figure 3.3.3.1). The water type of Well 23H at

each depth sampled is an Na-HCO3 type water. Unlike the major element chemistry, total

arsenic varies in concentration throughout the wellbore (Table 3.3.3.1, Figure S2).

Arsenic concentrations are generally higher at greater depth. The highest concentrations

(~15-20 ppb) occur in the interval between 430 ft and 630 ft, and then below 670 ft.

HydraSleeve samplers were found to provide an inexpensive alternative for depth-

resolved sampling relative to sampling using a wire line-based depth-specific device. For

samples collected from the February 2005 pumping sampling event, the average total

arsenic value measured was 35 ppb, significantly higher than even the highest arsenic

levels observed when the well was not pumped. This suggests that, when pumped, the

well receives water from zones that are not represented in the depth-specific samples

6

collected under non-pumping conditions. Based on the results obtained with a recently

published speciation method, about 30% of total arsenic produced by the pumping well is

present as the reduced form, As(III), 70% as the oxidized form, As(V). This result is

consistent with the dissolved oxygen and redox potential measurements and suggests that

redox conditions in the aquifer are intermediate. This mixing is probably causing both the

formation of observed iron oxide, which is insoluble, and perhaps the mobilization of

arsenic from pyrite dissolution observed in sediments from intermediate depths (see

below).

• Downhole Flow Measurement. Under static conditions (no pumping), groundwater enters

the borehole in Well 23H between the depths of ~160 ft below ground surface and ~290

ft. It flows upward above and downward below this depth interval. Groundwater appears

to reenter the sediments below a depth of 700 ft.

• Petrographic description of thin sections. Thin-section analysis resulted in three

significant observations: 1) Serpentine grains are present in a number of samples (Table

3.3.5.2). The source of this material is likely from altered mafic rocks in the Coast

Ranges to the west. A western source does not fit in with the overwhelming evidence for

deposition in a fluvial system sourced from the Sierra Nevada. Thus, the probable

explanation is that this was delivered to the Kern River Fan via aeolian processes. If this

is the case, a significant amount of fine-grained material may also have been delivered to

the system through periodic dust-storm activity. Mercury deposits are present in

serpentinite rock bodies in many areas of the Coast Ranges, notably near New Idria

northwest of Coalinga, and arsenic is known to be associated with mercury in these

deposits. Thus, this represents a possible source for delivery of arsenic, via arsenic

adsorbed onto fine-grain materials, to these sediments. Significantly, wind blown

material is more likely to have been concentrated in subaqueous depositional

environments such as lake basins and associated deltaic deposits such as those found in

Well 23H. Whether or not such a scenario could deliver a significant amount of arsenic

when compared to arsenic delivered via fine-grain sediments from the Kern River

drainage is not known. 2) Clasts of shale are abundant in the coarser sediments in Well

23H but much less so in comparable sediments from Well 24K. This fits well with the

depositional model in which sediments in the vicinity of Well 23H were deposited in

7

deeper water as part of a lacustrine fan-delta. The sediments of 24K, in contrast, were

deposited in shallower water. Typically, fine-grained sediments are much more abundant

in the former environment and thus there would be more opportunity for meandering

channels and/or turbidity currents to erode and redistribute fine-grain sediments in the

environment hypothesized for the 23H well than that for Well 24K. 3) Organic material

in the 23H well is associated with authigenic pyrite. This is significant because authigenic

pyrite is known to be a sink for arsenic in some lacustrine/fluvial settings. Work is

continuing to determine what role, if any, authigenic pyrite plays in the high arsenic

levels of produced water from Well 23H.

• Quantitative XRD Analysis. Major mineral percentages (Table 3.3.6.1) are similar to

those obtained by petrographic methods. New information from this method includes the

following. Gypsum is present in one sample from Well 23H (depth 550) and clinoptilolite

(a sedimentary zeolite) is present in 2 samples from each well. Phyllosilicates are

dominated in both wells by random-ordered mixed-layer illite/smectite. Also present are

illite/mica and kaolinite and minor chlorite. Although kaolinite is the most stable

phyllosilicate mineral in pore waters in soils, smectites are the predominant phyllosilicate

formed by weathering of granite under conditions of low mean-annual precipitation.

Whether the dominance of smectitic clays represents a dry climate during deposition of

these sediments, or whether some other factor such as rapid weathering and erosion under

disequilibrium conditions is responsible, could not be ascertained. The occurrence of

gypsum in Well 23H is in agreement with the observation of authigenic pyrite

undergoing dissolution in this same sample (see SEM results), a process that can lead to

the formation of gypsum. This process has also been shown to liberate arsenic tied up in

pyrite in other aquifers, and the possibility that similar processes are occurring in the

Kern Water Bank aquifers is currently under investigation. Clinoptilolite generally forms

through the hydration of volcanic glass deposited as eroded grains in sedimentary rocks.

Very few grains of volcanic origin were identified during petrographic examination, but

they are abundant enough to explain the observed clinoptilolite. Alteration of volcanic

material is a potential source of arsenic into groundwater. However, volcanic material

makes up less than one percent of the Kern Water Bank sediments and typically arsenic

levels in volcanic glass are on the order of only a few parts per million. Additionally,

8

volcanic grains are present in both of the studied wells and in roughly equal amounts.

Thus, it is unlikely that eroded grains of volcanic rock are the source of arsenic in Well

23H.

• SEM Analysis. A small number of samples from each well were selected for analysis by

scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis

system (SEM-EDS) to investigate the location of arsenic within the sediment. Samples

were selected from fine-grain fractions that exhibit high arsenic concentrations

(determined by whole-rock and sequential-extraction analyses) and/or that contain

authigenic pyrite (identified by optical petrography). Pyrite is present in samples from

Well 23H but arsenic, if present, could not be detected using the low-resolution EDS

system. Most commonly pyrite occurs as spherical framboids (Figures 3.3.7.1 and

3.3.7.2) composed of small (<5mm) octahedral crystals of authigenic origin (Figure

3.3.7.3). Some pyrite shows dissolution textures including pyrite from Well 23H at 550 ft

depth (Figure 3.3.7.4). This sample also contains gypsum (identified using both SEM-

EDS and XRD) suggesting that pyrite dissolution occurred from contact with

groundwater containing dissolved oxygen. We are continuing to investigate the possible

role of pyrite as a source of arsenic contamination in groundwater in these wells using a

combination of SEM-EDS and electron microprobe utilizing wavelength-dispersive

spectrometry with a sensitivity one to two orders of magnitude greater than that of EDS.

• Grain-Size. Two grain-size methods, visual inspection and x-ray granulometry, were

conducted on grab samples from both wells in order to represent both the coarse and fine

fractions. Results from both methods corresponded in general to expected changes in

electrical resistivity (Figures 3.3.9.1-2) although detailed comparisons were not possible

due to the fact that the resistivity logging and grab sample acquisition methods probably

did not sample the same interval nor thickness of sediment. Grain-size results also

support the LsCus2 prograding delta hypothesis with an interval of fine-grain sizes in the

depth range (~300-600 fbgs) corresponding to the hypothesized deposit.

• Magnetic Susceptibility. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility was measured for eight

wells distributed along a line parallel to a radius of the Kern River Alluvial fan (Figure

2.2.3). Values are listed in Table 3.3.9.1 and plotted vs. depth in Figure 3.3.9.1-2. All

wells exhibited order-of-magnitude variations in susceptibility with lowest values always

9

significantly greater than the instrument sensitivity of 1-2X10-9 m3/kg. In a gross sense,

susceptibility logs from nearby wells exhibited good overall correlation. The lowest

values were observed in wells 302523H and 302524K in a depth range from ~600-~250

feet below ground surface. As noted elsewhere in this report, this depth interval in the

vicinity of these two wells is associated with the hypothesized deposition of a prograding

delta into a more extensive Buena Vista Lake several hundreds of thousands of years ago.

We hypothesize that low susceptibility values are caused by the dissolution of

ferromagnetic iron oxides in the reducing geochemical environment expected for this

depositional environment. The total dissolution of these minerals is necessary before the

next stage of reduction reactions occur (sulfate reduction) which results in the formation

of pyrite, a reservoir for arsenic. Thus, magnetic susceptibility logging is a potential tool

for rapid, inexpensive determination of the minimum conditions necessary for the

formation of arsenic-bearing pyrite.

10

DETAILED REPORT OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS : TASK 2. COMPLETE ASSEMBLY OF GEOGRAPHIX DATABASE

Note: The format of this and the following sections follow the original grant proposal for which funding was granted.

SubTask 2.1. Acquisition of Magnetic Susceptibility Logs (see SubTask 3.3.9)

Subtask 2.2 . Incorporation of Water Level Data and Electric Logs

from Shallow Oil Wells into Geographix™ Database Summary of SubTask Goals

Water level maps can be used to calibrate the results of groundwater flow models. If the

flow models are constructed with the proper parameters, the simulated head values should be

able to re-create these field-measured water level maps. Model parameters can be adjusted

within reasonable values until the simulated conditions match the real-world values. The model

can then be used for predictive purposes.The data sets shown above have added value in that

they show changes through time. Therefore, these data can be used to constrain transient models

as well as steady state.

Results

The assembly of the database was completed by the incorporation into the project database of

water level data (Fig. 2.2.1), electric logs from shallow oil wells (Fig. 2.2.2), and magnetic

susceptibility logs (Fig. 3.3.9.1-2).

11

DETAILED REPORT OF CSUB CONTRIBUTIONS : TASK 3. MAP KERN WATER BANK STRATIGRAPHY AND LINK AQUIFER

ATTRIBUTES AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY TO MAPPING RESULTS

SubTask 3.1. Correlate Digital Logs in Geographix™

Methods: Defining Sedimentary Units Based on Electric-Log Signature

After the database is assembled, the first step in mapping the sedimentary layers (i.e., units)

of the Kern Water Bank entailed defining intervals of electrical resistivity that presumably

correspond to intervals of uniform lithology (e.g., grain-size or mineralogy) or intervals of

systematically-varying lithology (e.g., coarsening-upward grain-size). This exercise presumed a

consistent relationship between electrical resistivity and grain-size and/or clay content of the

sedimentary units and, as such, we will, from this point on, refer to changes in resistivity as

changes in sediment grain-size and/or clay content. This presumption and its implications are

addressed further in Section 3.3.8 of this report.

Two principal e-log signatures were defined. The type “C” log response character (Figure

3.1.1) on electric logs represents sections of mostly clay and few to no sand layers. It is seen as

an interval of mostly low resistivity. Thicknesses for this interval can vary from about 20 ft (6 m)

to over 100 ft (30 m), and the percentage of high resistivity values (>20 ohm-m) within a Type C

interval is restricted to more than 30%. Type C intervals may indicate deposition within a

lacustrine and/or floodplain environment (Selley, 1985; Wilson, 1993, Miall, 1996).

The type D log signature represents intervals consisting of mostly sand and few to no clay

beds. Intervals represented by this log response type have sand percentages of 70% or greater

and a thickness greater than 20 feet (6 m). Type D intervals could represent river channel

deposits or possibly nearshore lacustrine deposits such as sand bars, spits or beaches (Selley,

1988; Miall, 1996). In addition to individual layers identified as C or D units, a larger-scale,

integrated sedimentary unit, named LsCus2, was also defined based on a systematic coarsening-

upward grain-size signature.

To facilitate the labeling of multiple occurrences of one type response from different depths

in wells, the wells were subdivided into intervals or zones of 150 feet (45 m), starting at an

elevation of 300 feet (90 m) and working down to the bottom of the log. If any wells were logged

above 300 feet, that interval was included within the top zone. The top interval was designated

“1,” the second interval was designated “2” and so on. Consequently, layers in a well were

12

named by a combination of the type log character and depth interval (e.g., Unit “C2” in Figure

3.1.1.). For layers that spanned two depth intervals, the interval number used was that

corresponding to the top of the layer. For an interval containing two or more of the same log

pattern, a lower case letter was used for all subsequent patterns starting with “b” for the second

pattern seen down section, etc.

Results: Correlation of Sedimentary Units throughout the Kern Water Bank.

Top and bottom contacts between C and D units were chosen using the Cross-Section module

in Geographix™ (Table 3.1.1). This exercise generated a pair of x, y, z datasets for each unit

corresponding to the bottom and top of each layer for every well in which they appeared. “x” and

“y” are the map coordinates (easting and northing, respectively) corresponding to each well

location and “z” is the depth of the corresponding top or bottom of each particular unit.

The above-described task was repeated for a large-scale, integrated sedimentary unit, titled

LsCus2 (Large-scale, Coarsening-upward sequence 2). This unit has a coarsening-upward log

signature.

SubTask 3.2. Mapping Sedimentary Layers in 2-D and 3-D Methods and Results

Methods for 2-D Mapping. As noted in the previous section, each mapped sedimentary unit

contains two sets of x, y, z data. The x and y values are the same for both sets; they define the

map location of all of the wells in which the unit was found (Note: in the map coordinates used

in the Geographix™ software package, “x” is equivalent to “easting”, and “y” to “northing”).

The z data in one case is elevation of the bottom of each particular unit (with respect to sea

level); in the other case it’s that of the top of the unit.

For every unit each set of map location (x.y) and depth (z) can be represented on a map

wherein contour lines connect points of equal elevation values. For example, middle diagram in

Figure 3.2.1g shows the elevation of the bottom of the D2 unit (see previous section for

definition of unit names). This map is commonly referred to as a structure map on the bottom of

the unit. The bottom diagram in Figure 3.2.1g shows the thickness (aka “isopach”) of unit D2. In

this case, each contour line connects points of equal thickness of a unit. Also, equal colors

13

represent the same value or range of values. A set of such maps plus structure maps on the tops

of the units were constructed for all mapped individual units plus the LsCus2 integrated unit

using Geographix™ geological interpretation software from Landmark, Inc (Figure 3.2.1a-j and

3.2.2).

Though not specified as part of the original project proposal, sand percentage maps were also

constructed as part of the 2-D mapping exercise. For these maps, the percentage of every 150 ft

depth interval (aka, zone) that exceeded the sand/shale cutoff of 20 ohm-m was calculated and

tabulated for all wells with electric logs. These data are presented in Table 3.1.2 and Figure

3.2.3.

Methods for 3-D Mapping. The positions and thicknesses of all sedimentary units of Type C

and D (clays and sands) are depicted in a 3-D volume shown in Figure 3.2.4. and a series of

horizontal slices taken from this model (Figure 3.2.5). To generate this volume, each unit at each

location was given an arbitrary number corresponding to unit type (silts/clay=1; sands=100).

This 3-D distribution of 1’s and 100’s was then interpolated throughout the rectangular prism

representing the Kern Water Bank and the resultant values assigned colors within a ten-unit

range. The 3-D model was developed from the “individual unit” maps (Figure 3.2.1 and Table

3.1.1) by David Bean of Geomatrix Consultants, Inc. for the purpose of incorporating this data

more conveniently into groundwater flow models conducted by that firm.

Results of Mapping. Before the geologic and hydrologic implications are discussed, the

reader is cautioned that the maps shown in Figure 3.2.1a-j should be interpreted as maps showing

probable location of sand at the depths specified by the contour lines rather than maps that

represent coherent sand units. Most of the units on the Kern River Alluvial Fan, particularly

toward its apex (Figure S1) were likely to have been deposited in braided river channels. Thus

individual sand units should not be expected to correlate over distances of more than a few

hundreds of meters, if that. Also, the typical spacing between wells is commonly much greater

than a few hundreds of meters. Therefore, units that appear to correlate between distant wells

could very well be separate sand bodies.

As a general rule, the sediments appear to be coarser-grained at shallower depths and, at

these shallower depths, the coarsest-grained sediments occur in higher abundances toward the

apex (to the NW) of the Kern River Alluvial Fan (e.g., Fig. 3.2.3b-f). Both patterns are expected

distributions for an alluvial fan building outward over time into the basin toward the toe of the

14

fan and from its apex (Fig. S1).

Although fine-grained units were, on the whole, more prevalent in the middle depth ranges,

no clay-rich unit with a thickness greater than ~50 ft could be mapped continuously throughout

the entire study region (Fig. 3.2.1a-e).

High concentrations and/or elevated thicknesses of coarser-grained sediments exhibit quasi-

linear patterns that are semi-parallel to the modern path of the Kern River (e.g., lowest diagram

of Fig. 3.2.1h). At the greatest depths, this channel pattern lay southeast of the present channel;

at intermediate to shallow depths it migrated northwestward of the present channel. The bases of

these thick sand bodies usually occupy structural lows (e.g., middle diagram of Fig. 3.2.1h).

This pattern may simply represent preferred channel locations throughout the development of the

Kern River Alluvial Fan that are distributed more or less radially outward from the fan apex (Fig.

S1). Alternatively, we speculate that the present location of the Kern River occupies a subtle, but

persistently active, axial-graben structure along the hinge of the Bakersfield Arch (Fig. S1).

These competing models will not be testable until the rest of the alluvial fan has been mapped.

Figure 3.2.2 depicts the structure and isopach maps for the LsCus2 coarsening upward

depositional unit (see Results section of SubTask 3.1). Because the bottom of this depositional

package consists of clays and silts and the top consists of sands, the overall grain-size is small

relative to that expected for an alluvial fan deposit. We thus interpret this feature to be a deltaic

deposit prograding into a more extensive, ancient Buena Vista Lake. In addition to the

implications of this relatively fine-grained deposit regarding groundwater transmissivity, the

LsCus2 prograding delta deposit has important implications for groundwater quality in the Kern

Water Bank. The deposition of this unit in a lacustrine environment rather than in a subaerial

alluvial fan environment makes it more probable that the deposited sediments were exposed to

reducing rather than oxidizing geochemical conditions. As a result, one would expect a series of

reduction phases usually commencing with the reduction of iron oxide minerals and later, given

the right conditions, progressing to the sulfate reduction phase that includes the precipitation of

pyrite (e.g., Evans and Heller, 2003). Because pyrite is a potential reservoir for arsenic (e.g.,

Savage et al., 2000) and is unstable if the geochemical environment changes to oxidation, this

model has important significance regarding groundwater quality.

High percentages of sand (>50%) were found at all depth zones under a 3-4 square-mile area

centered on the corner shared by Sections 20, 21, 28, and 29 of T30S R25E (Fig. 3.2.3). This

15

feature is slightly elongated and trends SW-NE. It lies on top of a horst block that has been

uplifted relative to its surroundings by normal faults that may still be active (Fig. 3.2.2). Thus

this patch of sand may represent relatively coarse-grained deposition on a promontory or spit

projected outward into a larger ancestral terminal lake system or, alternatively, on a sublacustrine

shelf. The prograding delta deposit discussed in the previous bullet item occupies the structural

depression adjacent to and to the SE of the horst block.

SubTask 3.3. Link Aquifer Attributes and Depositional History to Mapping Results

SubTask 3.3. Goals

This SubTask was designed to relate mapping results to sediment and water properties and,

hence, to reservoir characteristics. Two strategies were to be employed to accomplish this

objective. First, sediment (aka, soil) grab samples were to be analyzed from wells with

representative stratigraphy for the following: a) elemental abundances measured in a Perkin-

Elmer ICP-MS after sequential extraction procedures designed to isolate important mineral

groups, b) petrographic description of thin sections to identify major and accessory minerals, c)

identification and quantitative estimate of minerals including clays via x-Ray diffractometer, d)

inspection and identification of important submicroscopic minerals and their textures with

scanning electron microscopy and associated energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, e) grain-size

estimate of both coarse and fine fractions via visual inspection and the use of a Micromeritics x-

ray sedigraph, f) investigation of the oxidation state via magnetic susceptibility measurement in a

Bartington susceptibility bridge.

The physical attributes and chemistry of groundwater were also to be investigated in a key

well. The major-ion chemistry and elemental chemistry of groundwater in the well were to be

measured during pumping and nonpumping conditions. In the latter case, depth-resolved sample

were to be taken. Finally, the vertical component of groundwater flow was measured to

determine at what depths groundwater was entering and exiting the well.

SubTask 3.3.1. This SubTask Number not used in Original Proposal “3.3.1.” was not used as a number for a SubTask in the Original Proposal. The SubTasks were numbered starting with 3.3.2.

16

SubTask 3.3.2. Elemental Analyses of Grab Samples after Sequential Extractions

Methods

Sequential extractions of sediment samples were conducted using the methods from Tessier

et. al. (1979). Pulverized samples of sediment were exposed to a series of extraction steps that

are designed to dissolve arsenic associated with different fractions of the sediment. The

extraction steps are the following:

• Fraction 1. Exchangeable. This is arsenic weakly adsorbed to mineral surfaces that

could be released into the groundwater due to changes in pH and ionic strength, or due to

increased in competing ions such as phosphate.

• Fraction 2. Bound to carbonates. This is arsenic bound up in carbonate minerals that

could be released into groundwater by dissolution of carbonate minerals, caused for

example by lower pH.

• Fraction 3. Bound to iron and manganese oxides. This is arsenic incorporated into Fe

and Mn oxides or strongly adsorbed to the surface of these minerals. Arsenic associated

with these oxides can be released when these oxides become unstable and dissolve under

reducing conditions.

• Fraction 4. Bound to organic matter. This is arsenic bound to organic matter. It can be

released when organic matter is degraded under oxidizing conditions.

• Fraction 5. Residual. This is arsenic that is incorporated into the crystal structure of

primary and secondary minerals such as silicates and sulfides. Arsenic in silicates could

be released by weathering of the minerals. Arsenic in sulfides such as pyrite could be

released when pyrite becomes unstable and dissolves under oxidizing conditions.

The first four extraction steps were performed sequentially. We also determined the total

amount of arsenic in the sediment samples from a microwave digestion of the samples using

EPA Method 3052 (US EPA, 1996). Fraction 5, the residual, was determined as the difference

between to total arsenic from microwave digestion and the sum of the first four extraction steps.

17

The extraction solutions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

(ICP-MS) using a Perkin Elmer Elan 6100. The instrument was calibrated using NIST traceable

standards. Yttrium was used as an internal standard to correct for matrix interferences and

instrument drift. Samples of all the extraction solutions were run to check for possible arsenic

contamination of the chemicals used in the extractions.

Results

Arsenic concentrations associated with the (1) exchangeable, (2) carbonate, (3) Fe-Mn oxide,

(4) organic, and (5) residual fractions are summarized in Tables 3.3.2.a and 3.3.2.b. They are

also shown as a function of depth in Figures 3.3.2.a.-e. Figures 3.3.2.f and 3.3.2.g show

cumulative arsenic in the different fractions of sediment from Wells 23H and 24K.

Analysis of the blank extraction solutions indicates that all the chemicals used in the

extractions contain only insignificant concentrations of arsenic. Analysis of duplicate samples

from the same depth indicates that, while arsenic concentrations in duplicate are generally

similar, there can be differences up to about 30 percent (Tables 3.3.2.a and 3.3.2.b). However,

even the upper range of differences in duplicate samples is small in comparison to the range of

arsenic concentration over the whole depth of the wells (Tables 3.3.2.a and 3.3.2.b).

The extractions show that arsenic in both wells is associated primarily with three fractions,

the exchangeable fraction (Figure 3.3.2.a), the iron-manganese oxide fraction (Figure 3.3.2.c),

and the residual fraction (Figure 3.3.2.e). In contrast, only insignificant amounts of arsenic

appear to be bound to carbonates (Figure 3.3.2.b) and organic matter (Figure 3.3.2.d).

Arsenic in the exchangeable fraction ranges from 0.31 to 7.55 ppm in Well 23H, and 0.02 to

2.90 ppm in Well 24K (Figure 3.3.2.a). The highest concentrations of exchangeable arsenic in

Well 23H occur between a depth of 400 and 600 ft with other significant spikes between 700 and

800 ft.

Both wells have significant amounts of arsenic that appears to be associated with iron and

manganese oxides (Figure 3.3.2.c). Arsenic associated with this fraction ranges from 0.36 to

6.68 ppm in Well 23H and from 0.19 to 8.21 ppm in Well 24K. In Well 23H, the highest arsenic

values are observed between 430 and 570 ft depth, Well 24K has two significant sharp spikes at

depths of 640 and 850 ft.

18

Arsenic in the residual fraction ranges from undetectable to 1.34 ppm in Well 23H, and from

0.05 to 6.78 in Well 24K (Figure 3.3.2.e). Well 24K shows the highest concentrations of

arsenic in the residual fraction between 200 and 400 ft, around 600 ft, and a sharp spike at 850 ft.

In contrast, arsenic in the residual fraction in Well 23H appears relatively uniform and generally

lower than in Well 24K.

Sediments from both wells have similar overall total arsenic concentrations, showing a wide

range from 1.08 to 15.16 ppm in Well 23H, and 0.76 to 17.49 ppm in Well 24K (Figures 3.3.2.f.

and 3.3.2.g.). Both wells are also similar in that arsenic appears to be bound primarily to the

exchangeable, the Fe-Mn oxide, and the residual fractions. However, the relative magnitude of

these fractions shows interesting differences between the two wells. Well 23H has significantly

more exchangeable arsenic than 24K with especially high concentrations between 400 and 600 ft

depth. In Well 24K, on the other hand, more of the arsenic appears to be bound up in the

residual fraction, which consists primarily of silicate minerals and, perhaps, sulfides.

The relatively high levels of exchangeable arsenic in Well 23H could explain the high arsenic

concentrations in groundwater produced from this well. Small changes in total dissolved solids

or pH in water that comes in contact with these sediments could mobilize the loosely bound

arsenic. It appears that in particular the zone between 400 and 600 ft in Well 23 H is a potential

source of arsenic in groundwater pumped from the well.

SubTask 3.3.3. Geochemical Analyses of Depth-resolved Water Samples

Summary of SubTask Goals

This subtask focused on collecting water samples from Well 23H under non-pumping and

pumping conditions. Depth-resolved samples collected under non-pumping were analyzed for

pH, total dissolved solids, major ions, total arsenic concentration, and the distribution of arsenic

between the reduced form As(III) and the oxidized form As(V). A sample was also collected

after the well had been pumped for 8 hours. This sample was analyzed for pH, dissolved

oxygen, redox potential, total dissolved solids, total arsenic concentration, and the concentration

of As(III) and As(V).

19

Measuring the relative distribution of As(III) and As(V) in addition to the total amount of

arsenic is important because these two oxidation states differ in toxicity and mobility with

As(III) being more toxic and mobile. As(III) is also more difficult to remove in water treatment

plants than As(V). It is important to separate out As(III) and As(V) in the field immediately after

sample collection because contact with the atmosphere and light will lead to the oxidation of

As(III) to As(V). Samples that are shipped to a lab untreated will invariably show lower As(III)

concentrations than were actually present in the groundwater.

Methods

Collection of depth-specific water samples under non-pumping conditions. Depth-specific

samples were collected in two ways. A depth-specific sampling tool provided by Welenco, a

local geophysical logging company, was lowered on a wire line to pre-determined water depths.

The depth were chosen to provide coverage throughout the whole well; additional sample depths

were selected based on the results of the sequential extractions for arsenic. A total of 10 samples

was collected with the depth-specific sampling too. Once at the proper depth, the inlet was

opened, water entered the sampling tool, the inlet was closed, and the sampling tool was returned

to the surface. At the surface, each collected sample was immediately poured from the depth-

specific sampling tool into appropriate polypropylene sample containers for major ion analysis,

field measurements of pH and conductivity, total arsenic analysis, as well as analysis for As(III)

and As(V).

In addition, HydraSleeve™ passive sampling bags were utilized to sample water from

various depths within the wellbore. This sampling method provides an inexpensive alternative to

the wire line depth-specific sampling and does not require a geophysical logging truck. Ten

HydraSleeve™ sampling bags were carefully attached to nylon rope with zip ties. The

HydraSleeve™ sampling bags are three feet in length and as they are brought up the wellbore,

the bags fill with water. Thus, the top of each bag was set three feet below the desired sampling

depth. Both the top and bottom of the bag were attached to the nylon rope so that the bags would

be lowered down and raised up the wellbore in a vertical position. The bags were allowed to sit

in the well for 24 hours prior to removal. This process was repeated for various depths until 25

samples were collected. One HydraSleeve™ sampling bag was removed from the wellbore at a

20

time. Tubing was inserted into the sampling bag and the sample was poured into appropriate

polypropylene sample containers for major ion analysis, field measurements of pH and

conductivity, total arsenic analysis, as well as analysis for As(III) and As(V). The depth-specific

sampling under non-pumping conditions was conducted in August 2004.

Collection of water sample from pumping well. Well 23H was returned to service 8 hours prior

to sampling. Water samples were collected directly from the sampling port. All the sampling

lines and tubes were thoroughly flushed prior to sampling. Samples were directly filled into

appropriate polypropylene containers for major ion analysis, total arsenic analysis, as well as

analysis for As(III) and As(V). The sampling from the pumping well was conducted in February

2005.

Major ion analysis. The 10 samples collected from the well under non-pumping conditions with

the wire line depth-specific sampler were placed in laboratory provided containers, placed on ice,

and delivered to Zalco Laboratories in Bakersfield, CA for major ion analysis. During pumping,

Kern Water Bank Authority personnel also re-sampled Well 23H and the samples were sent to an

analytical laboratory in order to measure the major cations and anions.

Field measurements. All depth-specific samples collected under non-pumping conditions were

analyzed in the field immediately after collection for pH and conductivity. A Horiba U-22 probe

with a flow-through cell was used to measure pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids

(TDS), temperature, turbidity, and redox potential (ORP) in the water produced from the

pumping well. Use of a flow-through cell eliminates contact of the pumped water with the

atmosphere and any changes in water chemistry that are associated with this.

Total Arsenic Analysis. Samples for total arsenic analysis were filtered using a 0.1µm cellulose

nitrate filter and then acidified using trace grade nitric acid in order to filter out possible fine

particles and prevent precipitation of arsenic and then stored refrigerated. All samples were

analyzed for total arsenic by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) using

CSUB’s Perkin Elmer Elan 6100 ICP/MS on the day after they were collected.

Field Speciation of As(III) and As(V). A speciation method adapted from Wilkie and Herring

(1998) was used in both the August and February sampling events to separate As(III) from

As(V). This method is based on the fact that As(III) is present in natural waters as a neutral

species while As(V) is negatively charged. The water sample is run through an ion exchange

column that will remove charged As(V). The original water sample and the sample are then

21

analyzed for arsenic. The arsenic in the original sample includes both As(III) and As(V); the

arsenic in the sample run through the ion exchange column is just the As(III). As(V) is then

calculated as the difference between total As and As(III).

In addition to the arsenic speciation method from Wilkie and Hering (1998), a new method

recently developed by Clifford et al. (2004) was used to determine the relative concentrations of

As(III) and As(V) in the water from the pumped well. This method was published after the

depth-specific samples were collected and could therefore not be used for these samples. The

new method was developed in response to concerns that the presence of dissolved iron can lead

to the precipitation of ferric oxyhydroxides that remove arsenic from solution and are trapped in

the ion exchange column, leading to an underestimate of As(III) (e.g. McClesky et al., 2004) .

Like the Wilkie and Hering (1998) method, it involves removing As(V) with ion exchange

column, but includes an additional pre-treatment step with EDTA. EDTA will complex

dissolved iron and prevent it from precipitating as ferric oxyhydroxides.

Results

Major ion analysis. The depth-specific water samples collected in August 2004, exhibit very

little variation in water quality with respect to the major cations and anions with depth (Figure

3.3.3.1). The water type of Well 23H at each depth sampled is Na-HCO3 type water. Similarly,

the water produced from the pumping well is also a Na-HCO3. This is consistent with previous

work (Swartz, 1995). Na-HCO3 – type waters have previously been associated with high

arsenic concentrations in the Kern Fan (Swartz, 1995).

Field measurements. The pH of the depth specific samples was difficult to measure in the field

because the water rapidly warmed up when brought to the surface and also lost dissolved CO2.

Measured values ranged from 7.8 to 8.9. Field measurements obtained with the flow-through

cell can be considered more reliable as there was no contact with the atmosphere and the

electrodes were constantly exposed to freshly produced water. The average pH of the water

produced by the pumping well was 8.6. The average redox potential was 160 mV and the

dissolved oxygen 4.7 ppm. The redox potential and dissolved oxygen suggest that redox

conditions of the water produced by the well are intermediate, not strongly reducing, but also not

completely oxidized.

22

Total Arsenic Analysis. Unlike the general chemistry, total arsenic varies in concentration

throughout the wellbore when the well is not pumped. Total arsenic concentrations ranged in

concentration from 5.78 ppb (170 ft bgs) to 20.88 ppb (530 ft bgs) (Table 3.3.3.1. and Figure

3.3.3.2). Total arsenic concentrations are generally higher at greater depths. The highest

concentrations occur in the interval between 430 ft and 630 ft, and then below 670 ft.

Arsenic concentrations measured in samples that were collected with HydraSleeve samplers

are very similar to those in samples collected with the depth-specific sampler on a wire line,

suggesting that the inexpensive HydraSleeve samplers are a viable alternative to wire line

sampling.

Total arsenic in the sample collected when the well was pumping is 35.46 ppb, significantly

higher than even the highest arsenic levels observed when the well was not pumped. This

suggests that, when pumped, the well receives water from zones that are not represented in the

depth-specific samples collected under non-pumping conditions.

Field Speciation of As(III) and As(V). Depth specific samples collected during the non-pumping

sampling event were speciated in the field to separate out As(V) using the method from Wilkie

and Hering (1998). Measured arsenic III concentrations in these samples ranged from 0.16 ppb

(800 ft bgs) to 1.14 ppb (270 ft bgs) (Table 3.3.3.2). Therefore, calculated arsenic V values

ranged from 5.26 ppb (170 ft bgs) to 19.84 ppb (530 ft bgs). These results suggest that 87% to

99% of the arsenic in the depth specific samples is arsenic V.

The sample collected from the pumping well was speciated using the recently published

method from Clifford et al. (2004) which included an additional step designed to eliminate

problems caused by waters with high dissolved iron. The measured As(III) concentration in this

sample was 10.70 ppb, suggesting that 30% of the arsenic is present in the reduced form.

A sample from the pumping well was also speciated using the Wilkie and Hering (1998)

method. The As(III) concentration obtained with this method was below 1 ppb, similar to the

results for the depth specific samples.

In light of the potential problems with the Wilkie and Hering (1998) speciation method and

the different results from the two methods for the pumping sample, we consider the arsenic

speciation results using the Wilkie and Hering (1998) method to be highly suspect. Based on the

Clifford et. al (2004) method, it appears that about 30% of the arsenic produced by the well is

present in the reduced from, As(III), and 70% is present as the oxidized form As(V).

23

Summary of SubTask Results

Depth specific sampling. HydraSleeve samplers provide an inexpensive alternative to sampling

using a wire line based depth specific sampler.

Redox state of water. Both dissolved oxygen and redox potential of pumped water indicate an

intermediate redox state.

Total arsenic distribution with depth. Under non-pumping conditions, total arsenic

concentration varies with depth. Arsenic concentrations are generally higher at greater depth.

The highest concentrations (~15-20 ppb) occur in the interval between 430 ft and 630 ft, and

then below 670 ft.

Total arsenic pumping vs. non-pumping. Total arsenic in the sample collected when the well

was pumping is 35 ppb, significantly higher than even the highest arsenic levels observed when

the well was not pumped. This suggests that, when pumped, the well receives water from zones

that are not represented in the depth-specific samples collected under non-pumping conditions.

Arsenic speciation. Based on the results obtained with a recently published speciation method,

about 30% of total arsenic produced by the pumping well is present as the reduced form, As(III),

70% as the oxidized form, As(V). This result is consistent with the dissolved oxygen and redox

potential measurements and suggests that redox conditions in the aquifer are intermediate.

SubTask 3.3.4. Downhole Flow Measurement

Methods

The direction of groundwater flow within Well 23H under static, non-pumping conditions

was determined using Welenco's FloVision Flowmeter tool. FloVision is a video flowmeter

used to determine vertical flow within the wellbore. The flowmeter is sensitive to slight

variations in groundwater flow rate and direction. The operator carefully watches the flowmeter

tool and records any noted deflection. As the tool is lowered, the operator speeds up or slows

down the descent of the tool based on response of the flowmeter. For example, if the

groundwater flow is downward, the tool deflects downward and the operator adjusts the speed of

descent of the FloVision tool until it matches the downward groundwater velocity at which point

24

no deflection is visible. Once the descent rate of the tool is equivalent to the groundwater flow

rate, the operator records the descent rate of the camera as the vertical groundwater flow rate.

Results

Well 23H is perforated from 160 feet below ground surface (ft bgs) to 890 ft bgs with gravel

pack from 130 ft bgs to 900 ft bgs (Figure 3.3.3.2). Static water in Well 23H during the August

2004 non-pumping sampling event was at 133 feet below ground surface (bgs). The direction of

groundwater flow is upward in the upper 30 feet of the water column. Below 160 feet, the flow

direction is downward and, thus, groundwater must be entering the borehole between these

depths. The flow rate increases significantly at 290 ft bgs suggesting that groundwater is

continuing to enter the borehole to a depth of 290 ft. The flow continues at the same rate to 700

ft bgs. The flow rate decreases from 700 ft bgs to the total depth of well, thus, groundwater

appears to be exiting the borehole into the sediments at depths greater 700 ft bgs.

SubTask 3.3.5. Petrographic Description of Thin Sections from Grab Samples

Methods and Results

Thirty samples from Well 24K, 16 coarser-grained sand samples lacking significant matrix

(herein referred to as ‘arenites’) and 14 finer-grained (generally matrix-rich) samples (herein

referred to as ‘wackes’), and twenty-two samples from Well 23H, 15 ‘arenites’ and 8 ‘wackes’,

were selected for petrographic analysis. The selected samples were made into grain-mount thin

sections and examined using a transmitted-light petrographic microscope. Minerals were

identified using standard petrographic techniques and mineral percentages were determined

though systematic point counting (minimum 300 points per sample) using an automated point-

counting stage. Because the sections were made from loose sand grains, no textural analysis was

possible. Results are shown in Tables 3.3.5.1 and 3.3.5.2. All of the samples are poorly to very

poorly sorted, although some samples contain bimodal populations consisting of moderately to

well sorted coarse fractions and a poorly sorted matrix. Maximum grain size in the ‘arenites’

ranges from coarse sand to pebbles; maximum grain size in the ‘wackes’ ranges from very coarse

sand to fine sand. Thus, there is considerable overlap in the maximum grain size of samples in

these two sample sets. This may be an artifact of the grab-sample collection method used during

25

drilling and might represent mixing from two distinct lithologies (coarser sand and finer sand

silt) within the well bore.

Major grain types in both ‘arenites’ and ‘wackes’ are dominated by quartz and feldspars

(Figure 3.3.5.1). Coarse samples contain shale clasts in varying amounts; notably the samples

from Well 23H contain significantly more shale clasts than those from Well 24K. The most

abundant accessory minerals are biotite and hornblende although a wide variety of accessory

minerals, most of presumed igneous origin, are present (Table 3.3.5.1). Of note are grains of

serpentine, a mineral not generally found in the Sierra Nevada but common in the Coast Ranges.

The ‘wackes’ contain very fine-grain matrixes made up of fine- to very fine-silt-size quartz,

feldspars, and micas along with mud-size birefringent clays. Matrix ranges between 20 and 90%,

although some samples contain less than 15% matrix and technically are not wackes. There is

also significant opaque organic material. In the 23H well some of this material contains

framboidal spherules of euhedral authigenic pyrite crystals. No pyrite has yet been confirmed in

the 24K well, but we cannot rule out the presence of authigenic pyrite in 24K sediments at this

time.

Thin-section analysis resulted in three significant observations:

1) Serpentine grains are present in a number of samples (Table 3.3.5.2). The source of this

material is likely from altered mafic rocks in the Coast Ranges to the west. A western source does not fit in with the overwhelming evidence for deposition in a fluvial system sourced from the Sierra Nevada. Thus, the probable explanation is that this was delivered to the Kern River Fan via eolian processes. If this is the case, a significant amount of fine-grained material may also have been delivered to the system through periodic dust-storm activity. Significantly, wind blown material is more likely to have been deposited in sub-aqueous depositional environments, such as the lacustrine-delta (LsCus2) system found in Well 23H, than higher on the fan. Whether or not wind-blown dust actually delivered a significant amount of fine sediment to the LsCus2 depositional system, or if such dust might have contained significant arsenic concentrations, is not known.

2) Clasts of shale are abundant in the coarser sediments in Well 23H but much less so in

comparable sediments from Well 24K (Figure 3.3.5.1). This fits well with the depositional model in which sediments in the vicinity of 24K were deposited up on an alluvial fan while the depositional environment in the vicinity of Well 23H was a lacustrine delta. Typically, fine-grain sediments are much more abundant in the latter environment and thus there would be more opportunity for meandering channels to erode and redistribute fine-grain sediments in the environment hypothesized for the 23H well than that hypothesized for Well 24K.

26

3) Organic material in the 23H well is associated with authigenic pyrite. This is significant because authigenic pyrite is thought to be a sink for arsenic in some fluvial settings (Savage et al., 2000; Kirk et al., 2004). Work is continuing to determine what role, if any, authigenic pyrite plays in the high arsenic levels of produced water from Well 23H.

SubTask 3.3.6. Quantitative XRD Analysis of Grab Samples

Methods and Results

Eight samples of fine-grain sediment from each well were submitted to K/T GeoServices in

Argyle, TX for quantitative mineralogical analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD) under the

direction of Mr. James Talbot (State of Texas Licensed Professional Geologist #2886). Major

mineral percentages (Table 3.3.6.1) are similar to those obtained by petrographic methods except

that plagioclase : K-feldspar ratios determined from XRD patterns are higher than those

determined petrographically. This is likely due to the presence of untwinned plagioclase in the

finest sediments that cannot be distinguished from orthoclase in unstained petrographic thin

sections (such as those utilized in this study). Gypsum is present in one sample from Well 23H

(depth 550) and clinoptilolite (a sedimentary zeolite) is present in 2 samples from each well.

Phyllosilicates are dominated in both wells by random-ordered mixed-layer illite/smectite

containing >90% smectite layers. Also present are illite/mica and kaolinite and minor chlorite.

Although kaolinite is usually the most stable phyllosilicate mineral in pore waters in soils

(White, 1995), smectites are the predominant phyllosilicate formed by weathering of granite

under conditions of low mean-annual precipitation (Barshad, 1966). Whether the dominance of

smectitic clays represents a dry climate during deposition of these sediments, or whether some

other factor such as rapid weathering and erosion under disequilibrium conditions is responsible,

could not be ascertained.

The occurrence of gypsum only in Well 23H is in agreement with the observation of

authigenic pyrite in this same sample. While gypsum is common near the surface of alluvial fan

sediments formed in arid climates, it generally does not survive burial due to its high solubility in

fresh water and also because dissolved sulfate is reduced during anaerobic oxidation of organic

matter in the subsurface (Kirk et al., 2004). This process continues as long as sulfate and organic

material are both present. The reduced sulfide rapidly reacts with iron to form pyrite. As organic

27

material is still present in this sample, it is unlikely that primary gypsum cold have survived

diagenesis. A more reasonable explanation for the occurrence of gypsum is that authigenic pyrite

has subsequently been oxidized by oxygen-carrying ground water. This process has been shown

to liberate arsenic tied up in pyrite in other aquifers (Savage et al., 2000), and the possibility that

similar processes are occurring in the Kern Water Bank aquifers is currently under investigation.

Clinoptilolite generally forms through the hydration of volcanic glass deposited as eroded

grains in sedimentary rocks (Pettijohn et al., 1987). Very few grains of volcanic origin were

identified during petrographic examination, but they are abundant enough to explain the

observed clinoptilolite. Alteration of volcanic material is a potential source of arsenic into

groundwater. However, volcanic material makes up less than one percent of the Kern Water

Bank sediments and typically arsenic levels in volcanic glass are on the order of only a few parts

per million. Additionally, volcanic grains are present in both of the studied wells and in roughly

equal amounts. Thus, it is unlikely that eroded grains of volcanic rock are the source of arsenic

in Well 23H.

SubTask 3.3.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Selected Samples

Methods and Results

A small number of samples from each well were selected for analysis by scanning electron

microscope equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis system (SEM-EDS) to

investigate the location of arsenic within the sediment. Samples were selected from fine-grain

fractions that exhibit high arsenic concentrations (determined by whole-rock and sequential-

extraction analyses) and/or that contain authigenic pyrite (identified by optical petrography).

Samples were examined using backscattered-electron imaging operating under low-vacuum

conditions. Pyrite has not been identified in any samples from Well 24K examined to date but at

this point too few samples have been examined to conclude that pyrite is not present in that well.

Pyrite is present in samples from Well 23H but arsenic could not be detected using EDS.

Most commonly pyrite occurs as spherical framboids (Figures 3.3.7.1 and 3.3.7.2) composed

of small (<5mm) octahedral crystals of authigenic origin (Figure 3.3.7.3). Some pyrite shows

dissolution textures including pyrite from Well 23H at 550 ft depth (Figure 3.3.7.4). This sample

also contains gypsum (identified using both SEM-EDS and XRD) suggesting that pyrite

28

dissolution occurred from contact with groundwater containing dissolved oxygen. We are

continuing to investigate the possible role of pyrite as a source of arsenic contamination in

groundwater in these wells using a combination of SEM-EDS as well as electron microprobe

microanalysis utilizing wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) with a sensitivity one to two

orders of magnitude greater than that of EDS.

SubTask 3.3.8. Grain-Size Determination

Methods and Results

Grain-size was determined with two methods designed to ensure that both coarse and fine

grain-sizes were represented. For samples with generally coarser grain-sizes, the sand, silt, and

clay percentages were estimated by visually comparing every grab sample to standard grain-size

charts (sample volumes were insufficient for sieve analysis). These data are included in Table

3.3.8.1. and are represented graphically in Figure 3.3.8.1. A simple index was calculated from

these data by dividing the sand percentage by the sum of the silt and clay percentages (Table

3.3.8.1). This index provides a single number that represents grain-size for the coarser fraction

but it cannot be used to detect variations in samples consisting of grain-sizes too fine to be

visually distinguishable.

For the finer-grained samples, the grain-size distributions of 10-20 gram subsamples were

measured in a Micromeritics 5100 X-ray sedigraph after the subsamples were sieved to <180

microns (sieving was necessary to prevent clogging of the sedigraph sample chamber supply

tube). Mean, median, and mode grain-sizes were calculated from this distribution and are listed

in Table 3.3.8.2. Note that these values are useful only for the finer-grained samples (i.e., when

the >180 micron fraction was negligible).

Testing the Presumption of Electric-Log Resistivity as an Indicator of Grain-Size. As discussed

above in Section 3.1, the well log correlation and mapping part of this study presumes that

electrical resistivity of the sediments covaries with grain-size, particularly when the formation

fluid is limited to water as is the case with the sediments from the upper 300 meters in the Kern

Water Bank. Note: it’s likely that resistivity is more precisely dependent on the concentration of

clay minerals rather than, in a strict sense, grain-size (e.g., Keller and Frischknecht, 1970;

29

Crewdson, 2003). This distinction is confused somewhat by the dual geological definition of

“clay”. Clay is a term that both refers to a size range (i.e., any sedimentary particle with a

diameter less than 1/256 inches) and to a mineral group that includes kaolinite, smectite, etc.

However, because clay minerals are usually quite a bit smaller in size than other sediment grains,

an decrease in resistivity due to an increase in the concentration of clay minerals usually

corresponds to a decrease in sediment grain-size.

We tested the resistivity/grain-size relationship empirically on Well T30R25S23H by

comparing downhole resistivity measurements to grain-size as determined from analyses on grab

samples using the two methods explained in the previous section. Because the grab samples were

taken every 10 ft and the downhole resistivity measurements were taken every 0.5 feet, we

averaged the electrical resistivity with a moving window centered on the corresponding grab

sample and with a width equal the spacing between the samples used in the grain-size analysis.

For the visual grain-size index, the window width was 10 ft; for the x-ray sedigraph method, it

was 20 ft. The results, shown in Figures 3.3.8.1-2, illustrates the roughly correlative relationship

between resistivity and grain-size. Resistive, for the most part, decreases when finer-grained

sediments are encountered in the well and vice-versa. One exception is the overall decrease in

resistivity downwell. I.e., the sand at the bottoms of the Well 24K doesn’t exhibit resisistivities

as high as those within the top 300-500 ft of the well. This observation may reflect a gradual

increase in groundwater salinity with depth in this well. Taken together, the above observations

support the assumption that electrical resistivity is reflective of gross relative grain-size/clay

content in adjacent beds and, as a result, the electric logs can be used to infer sediment lithology,

at least on a bed-to-bed basis.

SubTask 3.3.9. Magnetic Susceptibility Logging

Objectives of SubTask 3.3.9

As part of the database assembly task (Task 2), this subtask consisted of acquisition and

interpretation of magnetic susceptibility measurements on grab samples from wells in the Kern

Water Bank region. Susceptibility was investigated primarily for its potential as a tool with

30

which to help constrain the extent of the dissolution of ferromagnetic iron oxides (e.g.,

magnetite) and, hence, the degree of geochemical reduction.

Explanation of Magnetic Susceptibility

The following abbreviated explanation is based on a large body of literature (e.g., Maher and

Thompson, 1999; Evans and Heller, 2003; and references therein) to which the reader is referred

for more detail:

Magnetic susceptibility is the ratio of an induced magnetization acquired by a substance to

the strength of the magnetic field in which the magnetization is acquired. In SI units,

susceptibility is dimensionless unless normalized by the density of the substance, in which case

the units become m3/kg. Susceptibility is commonly measured in sediments to assist in

correlation and to help discern geochemical environments. Factors that influence susceptibility

include magnetic mineral concentration and mineralogy and, to a lesser extent, magnetic mineral

grain-size and grain-shape. Ferrimagnetic minerals like magnetite have susceptibilities that are

three orders of magnitude greater than that of most other magnetic minerals; thus, if present,

their concentration dominates the susceptibility signal.

Methods and Results

One to two subsamples of sediment (5.13 cm3 each) were taken from each grab sample from

all wells. The mass was determined to a hundredth-of-a-gram accuracy and then the

susceptibility of each subsample was measured with a Bartington MS2 susceptibility meter using

an MS2b bottle sensor. The meter is calibrated for a 10 cm3 sample; thus, meter output was

multiplied by a factor of 10/5.133. Each resultant dimensionless number was divided by the

corresponding sample density producing the final “mass susceptibility” value that is reported

here in units of m3/kg. When two subsamples were taken per grab sample, the reported value is

an average of the two.

Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility was measured for eight wells distributed along a line

parallel to a radius of the Kern River Alluvial fan (Figure 2.2.3). Table 3.3.9.1 and plotted vs.

depth in Figure 3.3.9.1-2.

All wells exhibited order-of-magnitude variations in susceptibility with lowest values always

significantly greater than the instrument sensitivity of 1-2X10-9 m3/kg. In a gross sense,

susceptibility logs from nearby wells exhibited good overall correlation. For example, Wells

31

14N, 23H, and 24K in Township 30S25E all have lower values in the middle depths sandwiched

by higher values toward the bottom and top. The overall structure of the logs from Wells 31P and

31Q from Township 29S27E is also quite similar.

The lowest values were observed in Wells 302523H and 302524K in a depth range from

~600-~250 feet below ground surface. As noted elsewhere in this report, this depth interval in the

vicinity of these two wells is associated with the hypothesized deposition of a prograding delta

into a more extensive Buena Vista Lake several hundreds of thousands of years ago. Such an

environment of deposition would be characterized by anoxic, reducing geochemical conditions

rather than the oxidizing geochemical environment typical of alluvial channel depositional

environments encountered on the rest of the Kern River Alluvial Fan.

We hypothesize that low susceptibility values are caused by the dissolution of ferromagnetic

iron oxides in a reducing environment. The total dissolution of these minerals is necessary before

the next stage of reduction reactions occur (sulfate reduction) which results in the formation of

pyrite, a reservoir for arsenic. Thus, magnetic susceptibility logging is a potential tool for rapid,

inexpensive determination of the minimum conditions necessary for the formation of arsenic-

bearing pyrite.

Other Analyses in Grab Sample Database and Supplemental Data Several other analyses were conducted on the grab samples from Wells 23H and 24K based

on work conducted in a related study. These analyses include the measurement of sediment pH,

and total organic and inorganic carbon percentages (TOC and TIC). The TOC data were

particularly useful in identifying intervals of highly reducing geochemical environments (e.g.,

Cohen, 2003). Sets of data for these analyses and a complete XRD analysis report by K/T

GeoServices, Inc. corresponding to the work done for SubTask 3.3.6 are available upon request

from the Department of Geology at California State University, Bakersfield (contact person = R.

Negrini).

Also, an attempt was made to reconstruct the environment of deposition and the associated

paleoclimate conditions using ostracodes and pollen. In both cases, insufficient fossils were

recovered for definitive statements to be made regarding paleoenvironments. Full reports on

32

extraction methods and sample descriptions corresponding to these studies are also available by

request from the CSUB Department of Geology.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The investigators of this study appreciate funding from the California Assembly AB303 program and from the US Department of Agriculture. This study benefited from discussions with R. Crewdson of Sierra Scientific Services, B. Hirst of Pacific Geotechnical Associates, T. Haslebacher of the Kern County Water Agency, and A. Sarna-Wojicki if the United States Geological Survey.

33

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based matrices, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste. Barshad, I., 1966. The effect of variation in precipitation on the nature of clay mineral formation

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Clifford, D.A., Karori, S., Ghurye, G., and Samanta, G., 2004. Field Speciation Method for Arsenic Inorganic Species, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, 88 pp.

Crewdson, R.A., 2003. Determination of Aquifer Storage Capacity for the Rosedale - Rio Bravo Water Storage District, Bakersfield, CA, report submitted to the Rosedale - Rio Bravo Water Storage District, H. Crossley, general manager.

Cohen, A.S., 2003. Paleolimnology: The History and Evolution of Lake Systems. Oxford University Press.

Dickinson, W. R., 1970. Interpreting detrital modes of graywacke and arkose, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 695-707.

Evans, M.E., and F. Heller, 2003. Environmental Magnetism, Academic Press. Keller, G.V., and F.C. Frischknecht, 1970. Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting,

Pergamon Press. Kirk, M.F., Holm, T.R., Park, J., Jin, Q., Sanford, R.A., Fouke, B.W., Bethke, C.M., 2004.

Bacterial sulfate reduction limits natural arsenic contamination in groundwater, Geology, v. 32, p. 953-956.

Maher, B. and R. Thompson, 1999. Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism, Cambridge University Press.

McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Maest, A.S., 2004. Preservation of water samples for arsenic (III/V) determinations: an evaluation of the literature and new analytical results, Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 995-1009.

Miall, A.D., 1996. The geology of fluvial deposits: sedimentary facies, basin analysis, and petroleum geology, Berlin, Springer, 582 p.

Negrini, R., D. Baron, J. Gillespie, R. Horton, K. Blake, J. Huff, C. Meyer, E. Powers, A. Draucker, S. Draucker, N. Durham, G. Hilton, L. Mondrian, S. O’Rear, P. Philley, C. Register, 2005. A Middle Pleistocene Lacustrine Delta Lobe in the Kern River Alluvial Fan and its Close Association with Groundwater Arsenic Concentrations: One Outcome of USDA-CREES Grant #2001-01170, USDA-CSREES National Water Quality Conference, La Jolla, CA, February.

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Savage, K.S., Tingle, T.N., O’Day, P.A., Waychunas, G.A., and Bird, D.K., 2000. Arsenic speciation in pyrite and secondary weathering phases, Mother Lode gold Distrct, Tuolumne County, California, Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, p. 1219-1244.

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Tessier A., Campbell P.G.C., and Bisson M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry v. 51, p. 844-851.

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Table 2.2.1. Kern Water Bank Project Wells and Location Coordinates

Well ID Northing Easting 30S/25E-36D01 649736.8 1627710.0 30S/26E-19M01 658437.9 1633160.3 30S/25E-34E01 648453.1 1616226.0 30S/25E-27P01 652036.9 1618159.4 30S/25E-23P01 656170.8 1623143.0 30S/24E-12H01 669888.8 1600141.4 30S/26E-34C01 649798.8 1649398.9 30S/26E-02M01 674760.8 1653940.4 30S/25E-09B01 671609.3 1614232.6 29S/27E-32C01 681228.8 1671316.2 30S/26E-01H01 674730.4 1663264.3 30S/27E-05A01 675922.3 1673962.4 30S/27E-05H01 674518.4 1674000.4 30S/26E-18N01 661892.5 1632574.9 30S/26E-14E01 664219.6 1653870.3 30S/25E-28K01 652946.4 1613822.1 30S/24E-23G01 659488.7 1592419.0 29S/26E-33F01 680886.4 1645511.5 30S/26E-08P01 667161.1 1639384.9 30S/26E-09M01 668451.0 1643283.1 30S/25E-35J01 647903.2 1624959.9 30S/25E-35B01 650736.9 1625076.5 30S/26E-20N02 657187.9 1637293.9 30S/25E-24J01 657521.1 1631760.3 30S/25E-34K01 647836.4 1619442.9 30S/25E-27A01 654854.0 1621159.5 30S/24E-13H01 664621.5 1600074.8 30S/25E-19P01 658320.8 1603708.4 30S/25E-20C01 660271.1 1607108.6 30S/25E-21G01 660137.8 1613359.0 30S/26E-21Z01 659456.8 1581615.6 30S/26E-28G01 653187.6 1646427.9 30S/25E-14Q01 662154.9 1624309.6 30S/26E-18H01 664446.0 1636645.3 31S/25E-27F01 623155.4 1617560.6 30S/25E-10C01 671889.3 1618725.9 30S/25E-10A01 671889.4 1621426.0 29S/26E-31J01 679023.4 1636753.9 30S/24E-12R01 667744.9 1599506.5 30S/24E-13C01 667121.8 1597407.9 30S/26E-06N01 672939.7 1632376.8 30S/25E-09E01 670655.8 1612208.8 30S/25E-09C01 672072.6 1613475.5 30S/26E-06K01 674189.9 1635676.9 30S/26E-05M01 674139.9 1637660.4 30S/26E-05N01 672689.8 1637577.0 30S/26E-05Q01 673089.9 1640227.3 30S/26E-08B01 670489.6 1640193.9 30S/26E-04J05 674306.8 1647411.0 30S/26E-10P01 666705.9 1649411.3 30S/26E-10Q01 667256.0 1650661.4 30S/26E-10J01 668139.5 1652661.5 30S/26E-10R01 666389.3 1653178.1

Well ID Northing Easting 29S/25E-27L01 684648.4 1618298.6 30S/26E-03R01 672206.6 1652578.0 30S/26E-02N01 672173.4 1654594.9 30S/26E-02P01 671656.7 1655944.9 30S/26E-02R01 672790.2 1657528.4 30S/26E-02J04 672940.2 1658528.4 30S/26E-02J03 674073.7 1658028.4 30S/26E-02L01 674240.3 1655744.9 30S/26E-15K01 662372.1 1650578.1 30S/26E-15B01 665022.4 1650644.8 30S/26E-16G01 663772.2 1646611.1 30S/26E-16E01 664672.3 1643127.5 30S/26E-16B05 665139.0 1645927.8 30S/26E-03L02 673923.5 1650644.5 30S/26E-03L01 674023.5 1649427.8 30S/26E-03M04 674023.4 1648227.8 30S/26E-03P01 672756.7 1649444.5 30S/26E-04R01 671706.5 1647994.4 30S/26E-09A01 670923.1 1647027.8 29S/26E-29E01 685635.3 1638333.0 29S/25E-30H01 686165.9 1605170.1 30S/26E-09G01 670239.6 1646194.3 30S/26E-09F01 670222.9 1644227.5 30S/26E-09C01 671639.8 1644560.9 30S/26E-17B01 666289.1 1640827.4 30S/26E-17C01 665388.9 1639594.0 30S/26E-18R01 662171.8 1636477.1 29S/26E-36R01 677090.8 1663728.6 29S/27E-31J01 678957.8 1668929.0 30S/26E-16L01 662888.7 1644661.0 30S/26E-03J01 674056.9 1652111.2 30S/26E-17K01 663155.3 1640927.4 30S/26E-17M01 661771.8 1638860.6 30S/26E-19A01 660404.9 1636810.5 30S/26E-19C01 660054.8 1634360.4 30S/25E-24H01 659804.8 1631743.5 30S/25E-24G01 659554.7 1629360.0 30S/25E-21P04 656587.4 1612575.6 30S/25E-21P05 656620.8 1613192.4 30S/25E-21N02 657087.4 1611875.6 30S/25E-21P06 657620.9 1613192.4 30S/25E-21M02 658070.9 1612059.0 30S/25E-21N01 657737.5 1612042.3 30S/26E-21G01 659039.5 1645856.9 30S/25E-27L01 652942.6 1617842.5 30S/26E-20C01 659954.9 1639110.6 30S/25E-24K01 657954.5 1629610.0 30S/26E-18B01 665305.4 1634777.0 30S/25E-23A01 660722.0 1625949.1 30S/26E-03K01 673908.3 1651414.4 30S/25E-13J01 662755.1 1631760.1 30S/25E-18P01 661977.6 1602596.2 30S/25E-03R01 672625.9 1620827.2


Well ID Northing Easting 30S/25E-10E01 670121.0 1616816.4 30S/25E-13F01 664171.9 1629243.2 30S/25E-17H02 665388.4 1610175.4 30S/25E-14R01 661538.2 1626376.5 30S/26E-17Q01 661605.1 1640794.1 30S/26E-19G01 658738.1 1635960.5 30S/25E-13P01 661454.9 1629060.0 30S/26E-05L01 674089.9 1639260.5 30S/26E-05K01 674106.7 1641327.3 30S/26E-05R01 672756.5 1642727.4 30S/26E-05Q02 671823.1 1641060.6 30S/26E-08H01 670389.6 1642677.4 30S/26E-08G01 669272.8 1641060.6 30S/26E-09E01 669239.4 1643227.5 30S/26E-02M04 674173.6 1653578.1 30S/26E-09J01 668922.8 1647911.1 30S/26E-10Q02 666255.9 1651661.4 30S/25E-17M01 663877.0 1605848.0 30S/25E-15E01 664844.7 1616723.9 30S/26E-16A01 665972.5 1647794.5 30S/26E-15E01 664522.3 1648127.9 30S/26E-16R01 661188.6 1646994.5 30S/26E-16Q01 661821.9 1645627.8 30S/26E-33C01 649137.1 1644944.6 30S/26E-33L01 647853.6 1644894.6 30S/26E-32K01 647936.8 1639810.9 30S/26E-31K01 647970.1 1635277.3 30S/25E-19N04 657203.9 1600908.3 30S/25E-19R01 657387.4 1605358.5 30S/25E-28E01 653853.7 1610908.9 30S/25E-21G02 658837.7 1613575.8 30S/25E-07A04 672022.4 1605308.4 30S/25E-04J04 673389.4 1615925.6 30S/25E-12B04 671089.4 1629509.9 30S/25E-22R03 656237.5 1621142.9 30S/25E-24C04 660021.4 1628143.3 30S/25E-14H02 665121.9 1625993.0 30S/26E-19B03 660221.6 1635693.8 30S/26E-18H04 664572.1 1636577.1 30S/26E-08P04 667322.5 1639643.9 30S/26E-09M04 669006.1 1643744.1 30S/26E-04J03 673823.4 1647427.6 30S/26E-28J03 653270.9 1647494.6 30S/25E-17P02 662421.4 1607508.6 30S/25E-21D02 661504.6 1612192.3 30S/25E-14N01 661504.8 1622509.5 30S/25E-18C01 666106.0 1602722.7 30S/25E-22H01 659475.8 1620673.5 30S/24E-13D01 666971.7 1595141.1 30S/25E-19N03 657203.9 1600908.3 30S/25E-19N02 657203.9 1600908.3 30S/25E-19R02 657387.4 1605358.5 30S/25E-21G03 658837.7 1613575.8

Well ID Northing Easting 30S/25E-07A03 672022.4 1605308.4 30S/25E-07A02 672022.4 1605308.4 30S/25E-07A01 672022.4 1605308.4 30S/25E-04J03 673389.4 1615925.6 30S/25E-04J02 673389.4 1615925.6 30S/25E-11P01 667872.3 1623976.3 30S/25E-12B03 671089.4 1629509.9 30S/25E-12B02 671089.4 1629509.9 30S/25E-16L01 664121.6 1613425.6 30S/25E-19G01 660150.0 1603850.0 30S/25E-15L01 663517.9 1617989.0 30S/24E-25A01 655865.4 1599290.7 30S/24E-15L01 664042.0 1586146.1 30S/25E-36R02 645669.7 1630560.3 30S/26E-32N01 645619.8 1637560.8 30S/26E-19B02 660221.6 1635693.8 30S/26E-19B01 660221.6 1635693.8 30S/26E-06L01 673589.8 1634210.1 30S/26E-16B01 666405.8 1645694.4 30S/26E-04J02 673823.4 1647427.6 30S/26E-04J01 673823.4 1647427.6 30S/26E-28J02 653270.9 1647494.6 30S/26E-28J01 653270.9 1647494.6 30S/26E-16B04 666405.8 1645694.4 29S/26E-31H01 680345.9 1636726.5 30S/25E-17J02 663021.4 1609908.8 30S/25E-16J02 664138.3 1614775.8 30S/25E-03L01 674272.9 1618809.1 30S/26E-04B01 675723.6 1645927.5 30S/26E-04E01 674823.4 1643377.4 30S/26E-04L01 673340.0 1645544.3 30S/26E-03B01 675823.8 1651677.9 30S/26E-11D01 670273.1 1653944.9 30S/26E-11P01 667189.4 1656078.4 30S/26E-12D01 670523.3 1659311.9 30S/26E-12N01 667389.6 1658895.3 30S/26E-13G01 664672.6 1661462.1 30S/26E-13K01 662389.0 1661345.5 30S/26E-14F01 663905.7 1655045.0 30S/26E-14H01 663389.0 1657845.3 30S/26E-16N01 662772.0 1643027.5 30S/26E-21D01 659771.6 1643177.6 30S/25E-25G01 654354.1 1629660.1 30S/26E-32N03 645619.8 1637560.8 30S/25E-32B01 650333.9 1608590.5 31S/25E-03D01 644942.7 1616446.5 30S/25E-30F01 654446.1 1602036.8 30S/24E-36B01 650951.1 1597662.5 30S/25E-31H01 650353.3 1604741.3 30S/25E-16L02 664121.6 1613425.6 30S/26E-16B02 666405.8 1645694.4 30S/26E-10C04 669039.6 1649294.5 30S/25E-17F01 664619.8 1607789.3


Well ID Northing Easting 31S/25E-16J01 632045.0 1614723.0 32S/25E-30E01 590396.8 1599492.8 31S/25E-27D01 624501.3 1617668.9 30S/25E-17P01 662032.1 1607192.9 32S/25E-31B01 587784.0 1602173.6 30S/25E-18R01 661964.3 1605299.1 30S/25E-22R02 656237.5 1621142.9 31S/25E-02G01 643678.0 1624403.4 29S/24E-27Q01 683935.8 1587822.3 29S/26E-28D01 686887.6 1643569.2 29S/25E-36H01 680323.0 1631617.0 30S/25E-05K01 674326.5 1608533.0 29S/26E-35A01 681407.8 1658109.3 30S/26E-06L02 673589.8 1634210.1 30S/25E-18A01 666106.0 1605186.3 30S/25E-06K01 674326.5 1603652.3 30S/25E-08F01 670301.7 1607875.1 29S/24E-34N01 678661.8 1584989.9 30S/26E-06L03 673589.8 1634210.1 29S/27E-32H01 679896.8 1674094.4 29S/26E-28K01 684231.5 1646225.3 30S/27E-07E01 669357.8 1664438.6 30S/27E-08J01 667878.1 1673886.7 30S/24E-14L01 663982.4 1591485.7 30S/25E-07G01 670564.6 1603652.4 30S/26E-14J01 662800.6 1657848.6 30S/26E-13B01 665486.7 1661826.8 30S/24E-22A01 661370.6 1588908.8 30S/24E-23D01 661274.4 1590144.7 30S/26E-22P01 656318.2 1649797.1 30S/26E-24D01 660177.8 1659065.1 30S/26E-24C01 660137.3 1660416.7 30S/26E-24A01 660213.2 1663072.8 30S/27E-20D01 660061.6 1669788.9 30S/25E-30A01 655796.5 1604726.0 30S/25E-30R01 651832.7 1604723.2 30S/25E-28C03 655621.1 1612607.5 30S/26E-25G01 653607.1 1661721.2 30S/25E-32C01 650457.1 1607286.8 30S/25E-34H01 648748.8 1620977.9 31S/25E-04Q01 641088.5 1613784.0 31S/25E-03E01 643630.8 1616364.1 31S/26E-03A01 644466.2 1652259.1 30S/25E-07R01 668056.6 1605186.3 32S/25E-16H01 601449.2 1614585.5 30S/24E-24A01 661616.9 1599857.8 30S/25E-07P01 668056.6 1602536.8 30S/25E-11P02 667872.3 1623976.3 30S/25E-28E03 653853.7 1610908.9 30S/25E-28R01 651629.1 1615220.3 30S/26E-25A03 654879.1 1662699.0 30S/25E-24F01 659381.5 1628507.4 30S/25E-18K01 663959.5 1603422.0

Well ID Northing Easting 30S/26E-29B01 655125.5 1640482.9 30S/25E-20L01 658764.9 1607069.5 30S/25E-21D01 661240.6 1611024.2 30S/25E-08P01 667088.6 1607875.1 30S/25E-17J01 663894.0 1610263.2 30S/25E-20A01 661461.7 1609323.2 30S/25E-08J01 669320.7 1610609.8 30S/25E-16B01 666204.8 1614216.8 30S/25E-16D01 666298.7 1611198.7 30S/25E-16F01 665688.0 1612112.2 30S/25E-16J01 663874.2 1615855.5 30S/25E-17H01 664718.5 1610549.2 30S/25E-21A02 660995.1 1615128.2 30S/25E-21G04 659247.1 1613656.5 30S/25E-16P01 662762.1 1613274.3 30S/25E-04L01 673629.8 1612484.0 30S/25E-09L01 669264.2 1613227.8 30S/25E-09A01 671843.3 1615924.9 30S/25E-15C01 665641.6 1618154.9 30S/25E-32L01 648051.7 1607219.9 30S/25E-14D01 666314.0 1622401.0 30S/25E-15Q01 661972.5 1618945.1 30S/25E-16M01 663861.0 1611167.6 30S/25E-16R01 662762.1 1615830.8 30S/25E-15R01 662550.1 1620986.4 30S/25E-09J01 669264.2 1615877.3 30S/25E-15B01 665641.6 1619502.9 30S/25E-03Q01 672975.1 1619530.9 30S/25E-23B01 660970.8 1624461.3 30S/25E-10K01 668863.1 1619231.2 30S/25E-11A01 670796.8 1626428.8 30S/25E-11C01 671462.6 1623994.6 30S/25E-11E01 670100.5 1622754.6 30S/25E-11N01 667040.8 1621704.1 30S/25E-11Q01 666949.5 1624490.2 30S/25E-13L01 662951.1 1627887.6 30S/25E-14E01 664360.0 1621614.1 30S/25E-14J01 663588.1 1626312.1 30S/25E-14K01 663583.7 1624423.0 30S/25E-14N02 661685.3 1621512.3 30S/25E-12B01 671242.0 1630096.8 30S/25E-15N01 661879.3 1616297.8 30S/25E-23H01 659254.8 1626117.6 30S/25E-11L01 669067.3 1623846.1 30S/25E-12C01 670958.0 1628222.2 30S/26E-18D01 665564.0 1632590.1 30S/26E-07N01 667514.5 1632789.6 30S/26E-20L01 658223.7 1639461.1 30S/26E-07J01 668860.1 1636199.1 30S/26E-10C01 670907.6 1649956.6 30S/24E-13D02 666971.7 1595141.1 30S/26E-28J04 652410.3 1647055.2 30S/25E-16L03 664121.6 1613425.6


Well ID Northing Easting 30S/25E-14L01 663363.7 1623296.2 30S/25E-03Q02 672625.9 1619523.9 31S/26E-02J01 641963.3 1657620.0 30S/25E-24C01 660704.6 1628510.6 30S/25E-36R01 646207.9 1630843.1 30S/26E-25A02 654879.1 1662976.7 30S/25E-28E02 653853.7 1610908.9 30S/24E-22H01 660057.4 1588827.7 30S/26E-02A01 676171.8 1657867.2 30S/26E-18A01 665863.3 1636625.8 30S/26E-25Q01 650929.5 1661526.5 30S/25E-28R02 651638.4 1615181.3 30S/26E-03M03 673385.7 1648726.8 30S/26E-32N02 645619.8 1637560.8 30S/26E-03M01 673799.6 1648718.3 30S/26E-03M02 673797.9 1649099.6 30S/25E-33F01 649015.6 1612496.9 30S/25E-33A01 650311.6 1615150.5 30S/25E-33D01 650311.5 1611201.0 30S/27E-19E01 658828.7 1664365.1 29S/26E-34G01 680119.0 1651498.0 30S/25E-08B01 671540.3 1608855.7 30S/26E-02_01 674184.1 1655904.9 30S/24E-10_01 669906.3 1586873.0 30S/24E-11_01 669873.6 1592228.3 30S/26E-25A04 654915.2 1662773.6 30S/24E-14M02 663977.1 1590123.3 29S/25E-27N01 683203.9 1616847.1 29S/25E-25M01 684598.8 1627650.0 30S/25E-30A02 655772.9 1604690.4 30S/25E-28C02 655587.9 1612558.6 30S/25E-21C02 660925.9 1612651.0 30S/25E-21L03 658334.0 1612620.2 30S/25E-21P02 656976.4 1612620.2 30S/24E-09N01 668047.1 1580095.5 30S/24E-16A01 666706.1 1583640.1 32S/25E-22E01 595767.8 1615601.7 30S/24E-15E01 665183.6 1584788.4 30S/24E-32G01 649459.0 1576707.0 30S/24E-15Q01 662622.7 1587442.1 30S/24E-17A02 666672.7 1578255.7 30S/24E-23D02 661419.3 1590311.6 30S/24E-08L01 669057.3 1575642.5 31S/25E-15R01 631032.6 1620055.5 30S/25E-04J01 674250.2 1615630.5 32S/25E-01H01 612156.9 1630625.2 32S/25E-07L01 605932.6 1601677.9 32S/25E-13R01 598171.4 1631080.6 31S/25E-16D01 634906.1 1610878.6 30S/26E-02F01 674930.7 1655206.5 30S/26E-16B03 666405.8 1645694.4 30S/25E-36G01 648745.0 1629654.8 31S/26E-09A01 639272.2 1646726.0

Well ID Northing Easting 30S/25E-28L01 652996.9 1612573.6 31S/26E-06M01 642055.1 1632153.2 30S/24E-13D03 666971.7 1595141.1 30S/25E-11P03 667872.3 1623976.3 30S/25E-22R01 656237.5 1621142.9 30S/24E-04C01 677355.3 1581015.0 30S/25E-21M06 658070.9 1612059.0

Table 3.1.1. Sedimentary Unit Top and Base Elevations

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C1 180 29S/25E-25M01 C1 208 29S/25E-27L01 C1 182 29S/25E-36H01 C1 200 29S/26E-31J01 C1 211 29S/26E-33F01 C1 203 30S/24E-23D01 C1 215 30S/25E-03Q02 C1 171 30S/25E-03R01 C1 177 30S/25E-11E01 C1 204 30S/25E-11P01 C1 159 30S/25E-11Q01 C1 156 30S/25E-13F01 C1 206 30S/25E-21P05 C1 195 30S/25E-23H01 C1 148 30S/25E-24C01 C1 154 30S/25E-24F01 C1 150 30S/25E-24G01 C1 163 30S/25E-28C03 C1 209 30S/26E-02A01 C1 270 30S/26E-19A01 C1 229 30S/26E-19C01 C1 197 30S/26E-21G01 C1 166 30S/27E-07E01 C1 201 30S/27E-08J01 C1 182 31S/25E-04Q01 C1 152

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C1 - base 143 29S/25E-25M01 C1 - base 171 29S/25E-27L01 C1 - base 116 29S/25E-36H01 C1 - base 136 29S/26E-31H01 C1 - base 161 29S/26E-31J01 C1 - base 168 29S/26E-33F01 C1 - base 165 30S/24E-22A01 C1 - base 77 30S/24E-22H01 C1 - base 129 30S/25E-03Q02 C1 - base 136 30S/25E-03R01 C1 - base 144 30S/25E-04J01 C1 - base 129 30S/25E-07A01 C1 - base 199 30S/25E-09E01 C1 - base 186 30S/25E-11E01 C1 - base 149 30S/25E-11P01 C1 - base 89 30S/25E-11Q01 C1 - base 56 30S/25E-13F01 C1 - base 152 30S/25E-21P05 C1 - base 161 30S/25E-23H01 C1 - base 65 30S/25E-24C01 C1 - base 121 30S/25E-24F01 C1 - base 123 30S/25E-24G01 C1 - base 122 30S/25E-28C03 C1 - base 160

30S/26E-02A01 C1 - base 218 30S/26E-19A01 C1 - base 169 30S/26E-19C01 C1 - base 163 30S/26E-21G01 C1 - base 119 30S/27E-07E01 C1 - base 171 30S/27E-08J01 C1 - base 143 31S/25E-04Q01 C1 - base 95 31S/25E-15R01 C1 - base 153

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C2 120 29S/24E-34N01 C2 107 29S/25E-25M01 C2 91 29S/25E-30H01 C2 129 29S/25E-36H01 C2 105 29S/26E-31H01 C2 27 29S/26E-31J01 C2 74 29S/26E-33F01 C2 84 29S/26E-35A01 C2 109 29S/27E-32H01 C2 153 30S/25E-03Q02 C2 63 30S/25E-03R01 C2 59 30S/25E-04J01 C2 64 30S/25E-07A01 C2 151 30S/25E-09E01 C2 120 30S/25E-10K01 C2 76 30S/25E-11E01 C2 115 30S/25E-11N01 C2 77 30S/25E-11P01 C2 53 30S/25E-11Q01 C2 21 30S/25E-12B01 C2 102 30S/25E-13F01 C2 66 30S/25E-13J01 C2 91 30S/25E-14E01 C2 91 30S/25E-14K01 C2 68 30S/25E-14R01 C2 27 30S/25E-15N01 C2 34 30S/25E-16D01 C2 31 30S/25E-16M01 C2 106 30S/25E-16R01 C2 85 30S/25E-17M01 C2 147 30S/25E-17P01 C2 131 30S/25E-18K01 C2 151 30S/25E-18P01 C2 119 30S/25E-19N02 C2 133 30S/25E-21A02 C2 16 30S/25E-21P04 C2 43 30S/25E-22R03 C2 120 30S/25E-23A01 C2 2 30S/25E-24C01 C2 85 30S/25E-24F01 C2 98 30S/25E-28C03 C2 67 30S/25E-28K01 C2 109


30S/25E-28L01 C2 109 30S/25E-30R01 C2 106 30S/25E-36G01 C2 105 30S/26E-01H01 C2 74 30S/26E-02A01 C2 94 30S/26E-02F01 C2 108 30S/26E-02M01 C2 145 30S/26E-02R01 C2 62 30S/26E-03J01 C2 150 30S/26E-03K01 C2 160 30S/26E-03M02 C2 52 30S/26E-03M03 C2 62 30S/26E-03P01 C2 113 30S/26E-04E01 C2 124 30S/26E-04J01 C2 108 30S/26E-04J03 C2 105 30S/26E-05N01 C2 43 30S/26E-06K01 C2 53 30S/26E-06L01 C2 65 30S/26E-08P04 C2 70 30S/26E-09G01 C2 131 30S/26E-09M04 C2 118 30S/26E-10C01 C2 147 30S/26E-10Q01 C2 44 30S/26E-14E01 C2 2 30S/26E-16B01 C2 80 30S/26E-16E01 C2 108 30S/26E-16L01 C2 116 30S/26E-18H04 C2 75 30S/26E-19A01 C2 100 30S/26E-19B01 C2 103 30S/26E-19C01 C2 55 30S/26E-19G01 C2 67 30S/26E-22P01 C2 27 30S/26E-25A04 C2 76 30S/26E-25G01 C2 62 30S/26E-28J01 C2 81 30S/27E-05A01 C2 89 30S/27E-05H01 C2 91 30S/27E-07E01 C2 118 31S/26E-02J01 C2 119 31S/26E-03A01 C2 68

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C2 - base 29 29S/24E-34N01 C2 - base 77 29S/25E-25M01 C2 - base 62 29S/25E-30H01 C2 - base 75 29S/25E-36H01 C2 - base -32 29S/26E-31H01 C2 - base -32 29S/26E-31J01 C2 - base 1 29S/26E-33F01 C2 - base 42 29S/26E-35A01 C2 - base 71

29S/27E-32H01 C2 - base 113 30S/25E-03Q02 C2 - base 19 30S/25E-03R01 C2 - base -20 30S/25E-04J01 C2 - base 38 30S/25E-07A01 C2 - base 87 30S/25E-09E01 C2 - base 66 30S/25E-10K01 C2 - base 25 30S/25E-11E01 C2 - base 66 30S/25E-11N01 C2 - base 20 30S/25E-11P01 C2 - base 21 30S/25E-11Q01 C2 - base -9 30S/25E-12B01 C2 - base -22 30S/25E-13F01 C2 - base 3 30S/25E-13J01 C2 - base 49 30S/25E-14E01 C2 - base 70 30S/25E-14K01 C2 - base 21 30S/25E-14N01 C2 - base 32 30S/25E-14R01 C2 - base -7 30S/25E-15N01 C2 - base -2 30S/25E-16D01 C2 - base -34 30S/25E-16M01 C2 - base 40 30S/25E-16R01 C2 - base -8 30S/25E-17M01 C2 - base 44 30S/25E-17P01 C2 - base 99 30S/25E-18K01 C2 - base 86 30S/25E-18P01 C2 - base 48 30S/25E-19N02 C2 - base 99 30S/25E-21A02 C2 - base -51 30S/25E-21L03 C2 - base -14 30S/25E-21P04 C2 - base -5 30S/25E-22R03 C2 - base 81 30S/25E-23A01 C2 - base -45 30S/25E-24C01 C2 - base 37 30S/25E-24F01 C2 - base 69 30S/25E-28C03 C2 - base 35 30S/25E-28K01 C2 - base 68 30S/25E-28L01 C2 - base 68 30S/25E-30R01 C2 - base 77 30S/25E-36G01 C2 - base -84 30S/26E-01H01 C2 - base 24 30S/26E-02A01 C2 - base 25 30S/26E-02F01 C2 - base 56 30S/26E-02R01 C2 - base -29 30S/26E-03K01 C2 - base 39 30S/26E-03M02 C2 - base 15 30S/26E-03M03 C2 - base 30 30S/26E-03P01 C2 - base 65 30S/26E-04E01 C2 - base 15 30S/26E-04J01 C2 - base 41 30S/26E-04J03 C2 - base 37 30S/26E-05N01 C2 - base -2 30S/26E-06K01 C2 - base -4 30S/26E-06L01 C2 - base -7 30S/26E-08P04 C2 - base 43


30S/26E-09G01 C2 - base 15 30S/26E-09M04 C2 - base -1 30S/26E-10C01 C2 - base 99 30S/26E-10Q01 C2 - base -1 30S/26E-14E01 C2 - base -25 30S/26E-16B01 C2 - base 10 30S/26E-16E01 C2 - base 5 30S/26E-16L01 C2 - base 72 30S/26E-18H04 C2 - base -13 30S/26E-19A01 C2 - base 1 30S/26E-19B01 C2 - base -9 30S/26E-19C01 C2 - base -9 30S/26E-19G01 C2 - base 41 30S/26E-22P01 C2 - base -3 30S/26E-25A04 C2 - base 37 30S/26E-25G01 C2 - base 33 30S/26E-28J01 C2 - base 55 30S/27E-05A01 C2 - base 60 30S/27E-05H01 C2 - base 49 30S/27E-07E01 C2 - base 57 31S/26E-02J01 C2 - base 71 31S/26E-03A01 C2 - base 14

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/25E-27L01 C2b 18 30S/25E-19N02 C2b 65

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/25E-27L01 C2b - base -17 30S/25E-19N02 C2b - base 31 30S/25E-28K01 C2b - base -55

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C3 -3 29S/24E-34N01 C3 -33 29S/25E-25M01 C3 -27 29S/25E-27N01 C3 -4 29S/25E-30H01 C3 -99 29S/25E-36H01 C3 -94 29S/26E-28D01 C3 -7 29S/26E-28K01 C3 -17 29S/26E-31H01 C3 -89 29S/26E-33F01 C3 -71 29S/26E-35A01 C3 -81 29S/27E-32C01 C3 -20 29S/27E-32H01 C3 -35 30S/24E-12H01 C3 18 30S/24E-13D01 C3 0 30S/24E-14L01 C3 -12 30S/24E-14M02 C3 3 30S/24E-22A01 C3 18 30S/24E-22H01 C3 -7 30S/25E-03Q02 C3 -21

30S/25E-03R01 C3 -79 30S/25E-04J01 C3 -9 30S/25E-07A01 C3 9 30S/25E-09E01 C3 -17 30S/25E-11E01 C3 -82 30S/25E-11P01 C3 -126 30S/25E-13F01 C3 -28 30S/25E-13J01 C3 2 30S/25E-14E01 C3 -7 30S/25E-14R01 C3 -25 30S/25E-16D01 C3 -70 30S/25E-16M01 C3 0 30S/25E-17H01 C3 -17 30S/25E-17M01 C3 7 30S/25E-17P01 C3 7 30S/25E-18K01 C3 7 30S/25E-18P01 C3 3 30S/25E-19R01 C3 -10 30S/25E-20C01 C3 19 30S/25E-20L01 C3 34 30S/25E-21D01 C3 15 30S/25E-21G01 C3 -57 30S/25E-21N02 C3 -103 30S/25E-22R03 C3 20 30S/25E-24C01 C3 -63 30S/25E-24F01 C3 -44 30S/25E-24K01 C3 24 30S/25E-27L01 C3 -90 30S/25E-28C03 C3 -102 30S/25E-28E01 C3 -102 30S/25E-28K01 C3 -9 30S/25E-28L01 C3 -6 30S/25E-28R01 C3 0 30S/25E-30R01 C3 -75 30S/25E-32B01 C3 -10 30S/25E-33A01 C3 -38 30S/25E-33D01 C3 46 30S/25E-34H01 C3 -28 30S/25E-35B01 C3 1 30S/26E-03M01 C3 -24 30S/26E-03M03 C3 -9 30S/26E-04J01 C3 9 30S/26E-04J03 C3 6 30S/26E-04R01 C3 -10 30S/26E-05N01 C3 -85 30S/26E-08P04 C3 -8 30S/26E-09G01 C3 -24 30S/26E-09M04 C3 -79 30S/26E-12N01 C3 -15 30S/26E-14E01 C3 -76 30S/26E-16B04 C3 -40 30S/26E-18H04 C3 -45 30S/26E-19B01 C3 -58 30S/26E-19G01 C3 -23


30S/26E-20N02 C3 -9 30S/26E-21G01 C3 31 30S/26E-22P01 C3 -60 30S/26E-28J01 C3 2 30S/26E-29B01 C3 13 30S/26E-32N01 C3 -14 30S/27E-05A01 C3 -128 30S/27E-05H01 C3 -181 30S/27E-07E01 C3 11 31S/25E-03D01 C3 -28 31S/25E-03E01 C3 -46 31S/25E-04Q01 C3 -17 31S/25E-15R01 C3 -14 31S/26E-02J01 C3 -90 31S/26E-03A01 C3 -76

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 C3 - base -52 29S/24E-34N01 C3 - base -156 29S/25E-25M01 C3 - base -142 29S/25E-27N01 C3 - base -148 29S/25E-30H01 C3 - base -139 29S/25E-36H01 C3 - base -171 29S/26E-28D01 C3 - base -128 29S/26E-28K01 C3 - base -106 29S/26E-31H01 C3 - base -230 29S/26E-35A01 C3 - base -124 29S/27E-32C01 C3 - base -79 29S/27E-32H01 C3 - base -104 30S/24E-12H01 C3 - base -60 30S/24E-13D01 C3 - base -174 30S/24E-14L01 C3 - base -140 30S/24E-14M02 C3 - base -148 30S/24E-22A01 C3 - base -14 30S/25E-03R01 C3 - base -102 30S/25E-04J01 C3 - base -29 30S/25E-07A01 C3 - base -27 30S/25E-09E01 C3 - base -51 30S/25E-11E01 C3 - base -113 30S/25E-11P01 C3 - base -181 30S/25E-13F01 C3 - base -75 30S/25E-13J01 C3 - base -95 30S/25E-14E01 C3 - base -58 30S/25E-14R01 C3 - base -115 30S/25E-16D01 C3 - base -104 30S/25E-16M01 C3 - base -87 30S/25E-17H01 C3 - base -65 30S/25E-17M01 C3 - base -14 30S/25E-17P01 C3 - base -24 30S/25E-18K01 C3 - base -70 30S/25E-18P01 C3 - base -70 30S/25E-19R01 C3 - base -37 30S/25E-20C01 C3 - base 4

30S/25E-20L01 C3 - base 5 30S/25E-21D01 C3 - base -105 30S/25E-21G01 C3 - base -117 30S/25E-21N02 C3 - base -136 30S/25E-22R03 C3 - base -55 30S/25E-24C01 C3 - base -135 30S/25E-24F01 C3 - base -143 30S/25E-24K01 C3 - base -80 30S/25E-27L01 C3 - base -151 30S/25E-28C03 C3 - base -144 30S/25E-28E01 C3 - base -194 30S/25E-28K01 C3 - base -60 30S/25E-28L01 C3 - base -53 30S/25E-28R01 C3 - base -86 30S/25E-30R01 C3 - base -105 30S/25E-33A01 C3 - base -171 30S/25E-33D01 C3 - base -21 30S/25E-34H01 C3 - base -62 30S/25E-35B01 C3 - base -80 30S/26E-03M01 C3 - base -95 30S/26E-03M03 C3 - base -90 30S/26E-04J03 C3 - base -187 30S/26E-04R01 C3 - base -40 30S/26E-05N01 C3 - base -149 30S/26E-08P04 C3 - base -50 30S/26E-09G01 C3 - base -127 30S/26E-09M04 C3 - base -304 30S/26E-12N01 C3 - base -49 30S/26E-14E01 C3 - base -128 30S/26E-16B04 C3 - base -88 30S/26E-18H04 C3 - base -119 30S/26E-19B01 C3 - base -156 30S/26E-19G01 C3 - base -86 30S/26E-20N02 C3 - base -45 30S/26E-21G01 C3 - base -83 30S/26E-22P01 C3 - base -187 30S/26E-28J01 C3 - base -146 30S/26E-29B01 C3 - base -44 30S/26E-32N01 C3 - base -73 30S/27E-05A01 C3 - base -166 30S/27E-05H01 C3 - base -242 30S/27E-07E01 C3 - base -34 31S/25E-03D01 C3 - base -64 31S/25E-03E01 C3 - base -178 31S/25E-04Q01 C3 - base -92 31S/25E-15R01 C3 - base -78 31S/26E-02J01 C3 - base -133 31S/26E-03A01 C3 - base -98

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-03R01 C3b -135 30S/25E-07A01 C3b -75 30S/25E-11E01 C3b -172


30S/25E-16D01 C3b -145 30S/25E-17P01 C3b -47 30S/25E-28K01 C3b -118 30S/25E-28L01 C3b -117 30S/26E-19C01 C3b -78 30S/26E-19G01 C3b -138 30S/26E-20N02 C3b -92

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-03R01 C3b - base -156 30S/25E-07A01 C3b - base -122 30S/25E-11E01 C3b - base -201 30S/25E-16D01 C3b - base -179 30S/25E-17P01 C3b - base -120 30S/25E-28K01 C3b - base -173 30S/25E-28L01 C3b - base -184 30S/26E-19C01 C3b - base -185 30S/26E-19G01 C3b - base -172 30S/26E-20N02 C3b - base -150

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 C4 -212 29S/25E-27N01 C4 -172 29S/25E-30H01 C4 -193 29S/26E-28K01 C4 -174 29S/26E-31H01 C4 -293 29S/26E-31J01 C4 -262 29S/26E-35A01 C4 -193 30S/24E-14M02 C4 -190 30S/25E-03Q02 C4 -174 30S/25E-03R01 C4 -193 30S/25E-04J01 C4 -170 30S/25E-07A01 C4 -175 30S/25E-11E01 C4 -295 30S/25E-11Q01 C4 -287 30S/25E-12B01 C4 -183 30S/25E-13F01 C4 -204 30S/25E-13J01 C4 -312 30S/25E-14K01 C4 -269 30S/25E-16D01 C4 -265 30S/25E-16L01 C4 -246 30S/25E-16M01 C4 -223 30S/25E-16R01 C4 -241 30S/25E-17H01 C4 -264 30S/25E-17J01 C4 -284 30S/25E-17M01 C4 -204 30S/25E-17P01 C4 -222 30S/25E-18K01 C4 -201 30S/25E-18P01 C4 -188 30S/25E-20C01 C4 -192 30S/25E-20L01 C4 -163 30S/25E-21A02 C4 -190 30S/25E-21D01 C4 -190

30S/25E-21G01 C4 -172 30S/25E-21N02 C4 -237 30S/25E-23A01 C4 -247 30S/25E-23H01 C4 -230 30S/25E-24K01 C4 -231 30S/25E-27L01 C4 -214 30S/25E-30R01 C4 -225 30S/25E-32C01 C4 -243 30S/25E-33A01 C4 -212 30S/25E-33D01 C4 -226 30S/25E-34H01 C4 -130 30S/25E-35B01 C4 -120 30S/25E-36G01 C4 -140 30S/26E-02A01 C4 -149 30S/26E-03L01 C4 -138 30S/26E-03M01 C4 -187 30S/26E-03M02 C4 -169 30S/26E-03M03 C4 -181 30S/26E-03P01 C4 -194 30S/26E-04E01 C4 -170 30S/26E-04R01 C4 -181 30S/26E-06L01 C4 -216 30S/26E-08P04 C4 -206 30S/26E-10Q01 C4 -164 30S/26E-13B01 C4 -215 30S/26E-14J01 C4 -211 30S/26E-16B04 C4 -213 30S/26E-18H04 C4 -209 30S/26E-19A01 C4 -136 30S/26E-20C01 C4 -165 30S/26E-21G01 C4 -159 30S/26E-22P01 C4 -222 30S/26E-24C01 C4 -163 30S/26E-24D01 C4 -131 30S/26E-25A04 C4 -201 30S/26E-25G01 C4 -188 30S/26E-28J01 C4 -179 30S/26E-29B01 C4 -250 30S/26E-32N01 C4 -124 30S/27E-07E01 C4 -166 30S/27E-20D01 C4 -143 31S/25E-03D01 C4 -127 31S/26E-02J01 C4 -250

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 C4 - base -275 29S/25E-27N01 C4 - base -217 29S/25E-30H01 C4 - base -218 29S/26E-31H01 C4 - base -369 29S/26E-31J01 C4 - base -399 29S/26E-35A01 C4 - base -219 30S/24E-14M02 C4 - base -234 30S/25E-03Q02 C4 - base -240


30S/25E-03R01 C4 - base -254 30S/25E-04J01 C4 - base -253 30S/25E-07A01 C4 - base -236 30S/25E-11E01 C4 - base -338 30S/25E-11Q01 C4 - base -349 30S/25E-12B01 C4 - base -233 30S/25E-13F01 C4 - base -362 30S/25E-13J01 C4 - base -405 30S/25E-14K01 C4 - base -334 30S/25E-16D01 C4 - base -324 30S/25E-16L01 C4 - base -336 30S/25E-16M01 C4 - base -309 30S/25E-16R01 C4 - base -302 30S/25E-17H01 C4 - base -332 30S/25E-17J01 C4 - base -328 30S/25E-17M01 C4 - base -357 30S/25E-17P01 C4 - base -341 30S/25E-18K01 C4 - base -243 30S/25E-18P01 C4 - base -260 30S/25E-20C01 C4 - base -400 30S/25E-20L01 C4 - base -363 30S/25E-21A02 C4 - base -228 30S/25E-21D01 C4 - base -225 30S/25E-21G01 C4 - base -219 30S/25E-21N02 C4 - base -312 30S/25E-23A01 C4 - base -278 30S/25E-23H01 C4 - base -278 30S/25E-24K01 C4 - base -338 30S/25E-27L01 C4 - base -262 30S/25E-30R01 C4 - base -262 30S/25E-32C01 C4 - base -383 30S/25E-33A01 C4 - base -293 30S/25E-33D01 C4 - base -409 30S/25E-34H01 C4 - base -190 30S/25E-35B01 C4 - base -177 30S/25E-36G01 C4 - base -192 30S/26E-02A01 C4 - base -223 30S/26E-03L01 C4 - base -230 30S/26E-03M01 C4 - base -222 30S/26E-03M02 C4 - base -220 30S/26E-03M03 C4 - base -215 30S/26E-03P01 C4 - base -223 30S/26E-04E01 C4 - base -349 30S/26E-04R01 C4 - base -212 30S/26E-06L01 C4 - base -247 30S/26E-08P04 C4 - base -273 30S/26E-10Q01 C4 - base -221 30S/26E-13B01 C4 - base -252 30S/26E-14J01 C4 - base -318 30S/26E-16B04 C4 - base -252 30S/26E-20C01 C4 - base -231 30S/26E-21G01 C4 - base -279 30S/26E-22P01 C4 - base -276 30S/26E-24C01 C4 - base -235

30S/26E-25A04 C4 - base -245 30S/26E-25G01 C4 - base -225 30S/26E-28J01 C4 - base -208 30S/26E-29B01 C4 - base -325 30S/26E-32N01 C4 - base -255 30S/26E-34C01 C4 - base -334 30S/27E-07E01 C4 - base -195 30S/27E-20D01 C4 - base -230 31S/25E-03D01 C4 - base -182 31S/26E-02J01 C4 - base -291 31S/26E-09A01 C4 - base -220

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/25E-25M01 C4b -221 29S/25E-27L01 C4b -221 29S/25E-27N01 C4b -241 30S/26E-25G01 C4b -260 30S/27E-07E01 C4b -278

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/25E-25M01 C4b - base -270 29S/25E-27L01 C4b - base -307 29S/25E-27N01 C4b - base -304 30S/26E-25G01 C4b - base -286

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 C5 -316 29S/26E-35A01 C5 -317 30S/24E-12H01 C5 -290 30S/24E-13D01 C5 -261 30S/24E-14M02 C5 -291 30S/25E-03Q02 C5 -299 30S/25E-07A01 C5 -319 30S/25E-11E01 C5 -401 30S/25E-11Q01 C5 -430 30S/25E-14J01 C5 -342 30S/25E-14K01 C5 -402 30S/25E-15N01 C5 -311 30S/25E-16B01 C5 -337 30S/25E-16D01 C5 -379 30S/25E-16J01 C5 -312 30S/25E-16M01 C5 -371 30S/25E-17H01 C5 -387 30S/25E-21D01 C5 -336 30S/25E-21G01 C5 -357 30S/25E-21N02 C5 -350 30S/25E-21P04 C5 -336 30S/25E-21P05 C5 -361 30S/25E-21P06 C5 -338 30S/25E-23A01 C5 -391 30S/25E-24C01 C5 -333 30S/25E-28C03 C5 -310 30S/25E-30R01 C5 -393


30S/25E-34H01 C5 -285 30S/25E-36G01 C5 -293 30S/26E-02R01 C5 -298 30S/26E-03K01 C5 -350 30S/26E-04R01 C5 -242 30S/26E-05N01 C5 -362 30S/26E-06L01 C5 -286 30S/26E-10Q01 C5 -299 30S/26E-16E01 C5 -341 30S/26E-19B01 C5 -257 30S/26E-19C01 C5 -266 30S/26E-19G01 C5 -264 30S/26E-20C01 C5 -290 30S/26E-20N02 C5 -220 30S/26E-25G01 C5 -434 30S/26E-32N01 C5 -293 30S/26E-34C01 C5 -388 30S/27E-05H01 C5 -395 31S/25E-03D01 C5 -270 31S/25E-03E01 C5 -251 31S/25E-15R01 C5 -288 31S/26E-09A01 C5 -362

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 C5 - base -411 30S/24E-12H01 C5 - base -331 30S/24E-13D01 C5 - base -300 30S/25E-03Q02 C5 - base -334 30S/25E-07A01 C5 - base -384 30S/25E-14J01 C5 - base -392 30S/25E-15N01 C5 - base -352 30S/25E-16D01 C5 - base -437 30S/25E-16J01 C5 - base -440 30S/25E-16M01 C5 - base -448 30S/25E-21D01 C5 - base -461 30S/25E-21N02 C5 - base -394 30S/25E-21P04 C5 - base -371 30S/25E-21P05 C5 - base -403 30S/25E-21P06 C5 - base -425 30S/25E-23A01 C5 - base -414 30S/25E-30R01 C5 - base -430 30S/25E-34H01 C5 - base -353 30S/25E-36G01 C5 - base -353 30S/26E-02R01 C5 - base -338 30S/26E-04R01 C5 - base -334 30S/26E-05N01 C5 - base -388 30S/26E-06L01 C5 - base -333 30S/26E-10Q01 C5 - base -341 30S/26E-19G01 C5 - base -384 30S/26E-20C01 C5 - base -371 30S/26E-20N02 C5 - base -340 30S/26E-25G01 C5 - base -461 30S/26E-34C01 C5 - base -468

30S/27E-05H01 C5 - base -470 31S/25E-03D01 C5 - base -334 31S/25E-03E01 C5 - base -298 31S/25E-15R01 C5 - base -370 31S/26E-09A01 C5 - base -391

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-03Q02 C5b -424

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-03Q02 C5b - base -485 30S/25E-10K01 C5b - base -397 30S/25E-11E01 C5b - base -463 30S/25E-11Q01 C5b - base -458

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/26E-34G01 C6 -458 30S/25E-09B01 C6 -601 30S/25E-16M01 C6 -481 30S/25E-17J01 C6 -481 30S/25E-20L01 C6 -469 30S/25E-21N02 C6 -488 30S/25E-21P04 C6 -501 30S/25E-21P05 C6 -448 30S/25E-28E01 C6 -530 30S/25E-28K01 C6 -499 30S/25E-30R01 C6 -582 30S/25E-32C01 C6 -521 30S/25E-33D01 C6 -502 30S/25E-35B01 C6 -472 30S/26E-25G01 C6 -525 31S/25E-15R01 C6 -480 31S/26E-06M01 C6 -438 31S/26E-09A01 C6 -510

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 C6 - base -627 30S/25E-21P04 C6 - base -538 30S/25E-28E01 C6 - base -607 30S/25E-28K01 C6 - base -547 30S/25E-30R01 C6 - base -631 30S/25E-32C01 C6 - base -573 30S/25E-33D01 C6 - base -662 30S/25E-35B01 C6 - base -624 30S/26E-25G01 C6 - base -575 31S/25E-15R01 C6 - base -538 31S/26E-06M01 C6 - base -488 31S/26E-09A01 C6 - base -558

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 C7 -715 30S/25E-23A01 C7 -654 30S/25E-27L01 C7 -730


30S/25E-28K01 C7 -723 30S/25E-36G01 C7 -643 30S/26E-29B01 C7 -696 30S/26E-34C01 C7 -718 30S/27E-05H01 C7 -687 31S/25E-15R01 C7 -618 31S/26E-06M01 C7 -712 31S/26E-09A01 C7 -584

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 C7 - base -752 30S/25E-23A01 C7 - base -684 30S/25E-27L01 C7 - base -770 30S/25E-28K01 C7 - base -816 30S/25E-36G01 C7 - base -687 30S/26E-29B01 C7 - base -733 30S/26E-34C01 C7 - base -751 30S/27E-05H01 C7 - base -737 31S/26E-06M01 C7 - base -774 31S/26E-09A01 C7 - base -628

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-24C01 D0 - base 258 30S/26E-19A01 D0 - base 227

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D1 228 29S/26E-34G01 D1 195 30S/25E-07A01 D1 200 30S/25E-09E01 D1 192 30S/25E-17M01 D1 233 30S/25E-21P05 D1 231 30S/25E-24C01 D1 217 30S/25E-28C03 D1 165 30S/25E-34H01 D1 212 30S/26E-03M03 D1 162 30S/26E-19A01 D1 172 31S/25E-15R01 D1 154

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D1 - base 177 29S/24E-34N01 D1 - base 107 29S/25E-27L01 D1 - base 184 29S/25E-36H01 D1 - base 198 29S/26E-28D01 D1 - base -10 29S/26E-29E01 D1 - base 69 29S/26E-31J01 D1 - base 207 29S/26E-33F01 D1 - base 210 29S/26E-35A01 D1 - base 107 29S/27E-32C01 D1 - base -21 29S/27E-32H01 D1 - base 153 30S/24E-13D01 D1 - base 2 30S/24E-14L01 D1 - base -6 30S/24E-14M02 D1 - base 3

30S/24E-23D01 D1 - base 214 30S/25E-03Q02 D1 - base 171 30S/25E-03R01 D1 - base 176 30S/25E-07A01 D1 - base 150 30S/25E-09E01 D1 - base 120 30S/25E-11E01 D1 - base 206 30S/25E-11N01 D1 - base 80 30S/25E-11P01 D1 - base 154 30S/25E-11Q01 D1 - base 156 30S/25E-12B01 D1 - base 105 30S/25E-13F01 D1 - base 209 30S/25E-14E01 D1 - base 94 30S/25E-14H02 D1 - base 87 30S/25E-14K01 D1 - base 68 30S/25E-14N01 D1 - base 59 30S/25E-14R01 D1 - base 168 30S/25E-15N01 D1 - base 37 30S/25E-16B01 D1 - base 130 30S/25E-16D01 D1 - base 32 30S/25E-16J01 D1 - base 157 30S/25E-16L01 D1 - base 144 30S/25E-16M01 D1 - base 7 30S/25E-16R01 D1 - base 89 30S/25E-17M01 D1 - base 151 30S/25E-19R01 D1 - base -11 30S/25E-20L01 D1 - base 43 30S/25E-21A02 D1 - base 16 30S/25E-21D01 D1 - base 10 30S/25E-21G01 D1 - base 46 30S/25E-21L03 D1 - base 47 30S/25E-21N02 D1 - base 56 30S/25E-21P05 D1 - base 189 30S/25E-21P06 D1 - base 69 30S/25E-22R03 D1 - base 119 30S/25E-23A01 D1 - base 172 30S/25E-23H01 D1 - base 146 30S/25E-24C01 D1 - base 151 30S/25E-24F01 D1 - base 152 30S/25E-24G01 D1 - base 160 30S/25E-24K01 D1 - base 193 30S/25E-27L01 D1 - base -85 30S/25E-28C03 D1 - base 64 30S/25E-28K01 D1 - base 107 30S/25E-28L01 D1 - base 112 30S/25E-28R01 D1 - base 1 30S/25E-30R01 D1 - base 105 30S/25E-33A01 D1 - base -38 30S/25E-33D01 D1 - base 48 30S/25E-34H01 D1 - base -25 30S/25E-35B01 D1 - base -4 30S/25E-36G01 D1 - base 104 30S/25E-36R01 D1 - base 32 30S/26E-02F01 D1 - base 108 30S/26E-02J03 D1 - base 147


30S/26E-03K01 D1 - base 156 30S/26E-03M02 D1 - base 54 30S/26E-03M03 D1 - base 67 30S/26E-03P01 D1 - base 114 30S/26E-04E01 D1 - base 126 30S/26E-04J01 D1 - base 107 30S/26E-04J03 D1 - base 103 30S/26E-04R01 D1 - base 140 30S/26E-06K01 D1 - base 53 30S/26E-06L01 D1 - base 65 30S/26E-08P04 D1 - base 72 30S/26E-09G01 D1 - base 126 30S/26E-09M01 D1 - base 70 30S/26E-09M04 D1 - base 116 30S/26E-10C01 D1 - base 145 30S/26E-12N01 D1 - base -12 30S/26E-14E01 D1 - base -1 30S/26E-14J01 D1 - base -68 30S/26E-16B01 D1 - base 82 30S/26E-16B04 D1 - base -40 30S/26E-16E01 D1 - base 108 30S/26E-16L01 D1 - base 114 30S/26E-18H04 D1 - base 69 30S/26E-18N01 D1 - base 102 30S/26E-19A01 D1 - base 95 30S/26E-19B01 D1 - base 103 30S/26E-19C01 D1 - base 200 30S/26E-20C01 D1 - base 11 30S/26E-20N02 D1 - base -6 30S/26E-21G01 D1 - base 31 30S/26E-22P01 D1 - base 27 30S/26E-24A01 D1 - base -50 30S/26E-24C01 D1 - base -14 30S/26E-28J01 D1 - base 87 30S/26E-29B01 D1 - base 14 30S/26E-32N01 D1 - base -12 30S/27E-05A01 D1 - base 90 30S/27E-08J01 D1 - base 182 30S/27E-20D01 D1 - base -143 31S/25E-03D01 D1 - base -28 31S/25E-04Q01 D1 - base -18 31S/25E-15R01 D1 - base -11 31S/26E-02J01 D1 - base 118 31S/26E-03A01 D1 - base 74 31S/26E-06M01 D1 - base -41

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D1b 145 29S/25E-36H01 D1b 135 29S/26E-28K01 D1b 174 29S/26E-31H01 D1b 160 29S/26E-31J01 D1b 170 29S/26E-33F01 D1b 167

30S/27E-07E01 D1b 171

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D1b - base 126 29S/25E-27N01 D1b - base -4 29S/25E-36H01 D1b - base 108 29S/26E-28K01 D1b - base 63 29S/26E-31H01 D1b - base 28 29S/26E-31J01 D1b - base 78 29S/26E-33F01 D1b - base 89 30S/27E-07E01 D1b - base 119

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D2 53 29S/24E-34N01 D2 76 29S/25E-27L01 D2 115 29S/25E-30H01 D2 70 29S/25E-36H01 D2 82 29S/26E-33F01 D2 42 29S/26E-35A01 D2 78 30S/24E-22A01 D2 78 30S/24E-22H01 D2 130 30S/25E-03Q02 D2 137 30S/25E-03R01 D2 144 30S/25E-04J01 D2 128 30S/25E-07A01 D2 80 30S/25E-11E01 D2 146 30S/25E-11P01 D2 88 30S/25E-11Q01 D2 60 30S/25E-12B01 D2 60 30S/25E-13F01 D2 152 30S/25E-14E01 D2 69 30S/25E-14J01 D2 100 30S/25E-14R01 D2 77 30S/25E-16M01 D2 61 30S/25E-19N02 D2 102 30S/25E-21P04 D2 137 30S/25E-21P05 D2 156 30S/25E-22R03 D2 81 30S/25E-23A01 D2 131 30S/25E-23H01 D2 64 30S/25E-24C01 D2 121 30S/25E-24F01 D2 117 30S/25E-28C03 D2 32 30S/25E-28K01 D2 68 30S/25E-28L01 D2 73 30S/25E-30R01 D2 77 30S/25E-32C01 D2 46 30S/26E-01H01 D2 168 30S/26E-03L01 D2 149 30S/26E-03M01 D2 128 30S/26E-03P01 D2 66 30S/26E-04J01 D2 44


30S/26E-04J03 D2 37 30S/26E-04R01 D2 81 30S/26E-06L01 D2 37 30S/26E-09G01 D2 92 30S/26E-09M04 D2 86 30S/26E-16E01 D2 76 30S/26E-19C01 D2 163 30S/26E-22P01 D2 -1 30S/26E-25A04 D2 38 30S/26E-28J01 D2 59 30S/27E-05H01 D2 174 30S/27E-07E01 D2 59 30S/27E-08J01 D2 145 31S/26E-02J01 D2 70 31S/26E-03A01 D2 14

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D2 - base -4 29S/24E-34N01 D2 - base -33 29S/25E-27L01 D2 - base 18 29S/25E-30H01 D2 - base -99 29S/25E-36H01 D2 - base 59 29S/26E-33F01 D2 - base -75 29S/26E-35A01 D2 - base -80 30S/24E-14L01 D2 - base -9 30S/24E-22A01 D2 - base 18 30S/24E-22H01 D2 - base -5 30S/25E-03Q02 D2 - base 60 30S/25E-03R01 D2 - base 70 30S/25E-04J01 D2 - base 62 30S/25E-07A01 D2 - base 13 30S/25E-11E01 D2 - base 111 30S/25E-11P01 D2 - base 48 30S/25E-11Q01 D2 - base 16 30S/25E-12B01 D2 - base 20 30S/25E-13F01 D2 - base 68 30S/25E-14E01 D2 - base -8 30S/25E-14J01 D2 - base -26 30S/25E-14R01 D2 - base 28 30S/25E-16M01 D2 - base 5 30S/25E-19N02 D2 - base 66 30S/25E-21P04 D2 - base 43 30S/25E-21P05 D2 - base 32 30S/25E-22R03 D2 - base 18 30S/25E-23A01 D2 - base 0 30S/25E-23H01 D2 - base 31 30S/25E-24C01 D2 - base 84 30S/25E-24F01 D2 - base 94 30S/25E-28C03 D2 - base -95 30S/25E-28K01 D2 - base -11 30S/25E-28L01 D2 - base -9 30S/25E-30R01 D2 - base -73 30S/25E-32C01 D2 - base -76

30S/26E-01H01 D2 - base 73 30S/26E-03L01 D2 - base -137 30S/26E-03M01 D2 - base -22 30S/26E-03P01 D2 - base -21 30S/26E-04J01 D2 - base 12 30S/26E-04J03 D2 - base 6 30S/26E-04R01 D2 - base -11 30S/26E-06L01 D2 - base 14 30S/26E-09G01 D2 - base 53 30S/26E-09M04 D2 - base 35 30S/26E-16E01 D2 - base 50 30S/26E-19C01 D2 - base 55 30S/26E-22P01 D2 - base -60 30S/26E-25A04 D2 - base -61 30S/26E-28J01 D2 - base 1 30S/27E-05H01 D2 - base 94 30S/27E-07E01 D2 - base 11 30S/27E-08J01 D2 - base 57 31S/26E-02J01 D2 - base -90 31S/26E-03A01 D2 - base -75

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/27E-32H01 D2b 112 30S/25E-03Q02 D2b 18 30S/25E-03R01 D2b -18 30S/25E-04J01 D2b 39 30S/25E-11E01 D2b 68 30S/25E-11P01 D2b 24 30S/25E-11Q01 D2b -12 30S/25E-13F01 D2b 4 30S/25E-13J01 D2b 49 30S/25E-14K01 D2b 24 30S/25E-17M01 D2b 45 30S/25E-17P01 D2b 99 30S/25E-18K01 D2b 83 30S/25E-18P01 D2b 48 30S/25E-24C01 D2b 41 30S/25E-24F01 D2b 66 30S/25E-24K01 D2b 66 30S/26E-03M03 D2b 32 30S/26E-04E01 D2b 68 30S/26E-05N01 D2b 2 30S/26E-19G01 D2b 37 30S/27E-05A01 D2b 60 30S/27E-05H01 D2b 52

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/27E-32H01 D2b - base -37 30S/25E-03Q02 D2b - base -22 30S/25E-03R01 D2b - base -74 30S/25E-04J01 D2b - base -10 30S/25E-11E01 D2b - base -84 30S/25E-11P01 D2b - base -97


30S/25E-11Q01 D2b - base -74 30S/25E-13F01 D2b - base -27 30S/25E-13J01 D2b - base 7 30S/25E-14K01 D2b - base -79 30S/25E-17M01 D2b - base 10 30S/25E-17P01 D2b - base 13 30S/25E-18K01 D2b - base 10 30S/25E-18P01 D2b - base -46 30S/25E-24C01 D2b - base -57 30S/25E-24F01 D2b - base -42 30S/25E-24K01 D2b - base 25 30S/26E-03M03 D2b - base -5 30S/26E-04E01 D2b - base 43 30S/26E-05N01 D2b - base -81 30S/26E-19G01 D2b - base -26 30S/27E-05A01 D2b - base -133 30S/27E-05H01 D2b - base -177

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D3 -86 29S/25E-27L01 D3 -18 29S/25E-30H01 D3 -146 29S/25E-36H01 D3 -36 29S/26E-28D01 D3 -41 29S/26E-31H01 D3 -24 29S/26E-35A01 D3 -122 29S/27E-32C01 D3 -78 30S/24E-12H01 D3 -58 30S/24E-13D01 D3 -34 30S/24E-14L01 D3 -36 30S/24E-14M02 D3 -24 30S/24E-22A01 D3 -14 30S/25E-03Q02 D3 -66 30S/25E-03R01 D3 -103 30S/25E-04J01 D3 -29 30S/25E-07A01 D3 -24 30S/25E-09E01 D3 -52 30S/25E-10K01 D3 25 30S/25E-11E01 D3 -110 30S/25E-11N01 D3 22 30S/25E-12B01 D3 -23 30S/25E-14R01 D3 -110 30S/25E-16B01 D3 -20 30S/25E-16D01 D3 -34 30S/25E-16J01 D3 -55 30S/25E-16L01 D3 0 30S/25E-16M01 D3 -86 30S/25E-17J01 D3 -12 30S/25E-17P01 D3 -22 30S/25E-18P01 D3 -74 30S/25E-19R01 D3 -37 30S/25E-20L01 D3 8 30S/25E-21A02 D3 -52

30S/25E-21D01 D3 -108 30S/25E-21L03 D3 -11 30S/25E-21N02 D3 -57 30S/25E-21P04 D3 -4 30S/25E-21P05 D3 -65 30S/25E-21P06 D3 -101 30S/25E-27L01 D3 -153 30S/25E-28K01 D3 -55 30S/25E-28L01 D3 -51 30S/25E-28R01 D3 -86 30S/25E-30R01 D3 -103 30S/25E-32C01 D3 -194 30S/25E-33A01 D3 -111 30S/25E-34H01 D3 -64 30S/25E-35B01 D3 -80 30S/25E-36G01 D3 -82 30S/26E-01H01 D3 26 30S/26E-02A01 D3 25 30S/26E-02F01 D3 52 30S/26E-02J03 D3 -16 30S/26E-03K01 D3 40 30S/26E-03M01 D3 -95 30S/26E-03M03 D3 -88 30S/26E-04E01 D3 18 30S/26E-06K01 D3 0 30S/26E-06L01 D3 -7 30S/26E-08P04 D3 38 30S/26E-09G01 D3 17 30S/26E-09M04 D3 -1 30S/26E-10Q01 D3 -1 30S/26E-12N01 D3 -48 30S/26E-13B01 D3 -68 30S/26E-14E01 D3 -25 30S/26E-16B04 D3 -86 30S/26E-18H04 D3 -13 30S/26E-19B01 D3 -9 30S/26E-19C01 D3 -9 30S/26E-20N02 D3 -51 30S/26E-21G01 D3 -82 30S/26E-28J01 D3 -142 30S/26E-32N01 D3 -73 30S/27E-07E01 D3 -39 30S/27E-08J01 D3 -28 31S/25E-03D01 D3 -67 31S/26E-02J01 D3 -132 31S/26E-03A01 D3 -99

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D3 - base -128 29S/25E-27L01 D3 - base -217 29S/25E-30H01 D3 - base -185 29S/25E-36H01 D3 - base -96 29S/26E-28D01 D3 - base -78


29S/26E-31H01 D3 - base -91 29S/26E-35A01 D3 - base -193 30S/24E-12H01 D3 - base -158 30S/24E-13D01 D3 - base -81 30S/24E-14L01 D3 - base -121 30S/24E-14M02 D3 - base -104 30S/24E-22A01 D3 - base -92 30S/25E-03Q02 D3 - base -175 30S/25E-03R01 D3 - base -134 30S/25E-04J01 D3 - base -171 30S/25E-07A01 D3 - base -77 30S/25E-09E01 D3 - base -104 30S/25E-10K01 D3 - base -104 30S/25E-11E01 D3 - base -172 30S/25E-11N01 D3 - base -116 30S/25E-12B01 D3 - base -181 30S/25E-14R01 D3 - base -175 30S/25E-16B01 D3 - base -57 30S/25E-16D01 D3 - base -73 30S/25E-16J01 D3 - base -109 30S/25E-16L01 D3 - base -34 30S/25E-16M01 D3 - base -225 30S/25E-17J01 D3 - base -289 30S/25E-17P01 D3 - base -49 30S/25E-18P01 D3 - base -188 30S/25E-19R01 D3 - base -112 30S/25E-20L01 D3 - base -163 30S/25E-21A02 D3 - base -187 30S/25E-21D01 D3 - base -194 30S/25E-21N02 D3 - base -103 30S/25E-21P04 D3 - base -141 30S/25E-21P05 D3 - base -123 30S/25E-21P06 D3 - base -165 30S/25E-27L01 D3 - base -215 30S/25E-28K01 D3 - base -115 30S/25E-28L01 D3 - base -117 30S/25E-28R01 D3 - base -165 30S/25E-30R01 D3 - base -224 30S/25E-32C01 D3 - base -246 30S/25E-33A01 D3 - base -133 30S/25E-34H01 D3 - base -133 30S/25E-35B01 D3 - base -119 30S/25E-36G01 D3 - base -142 30S/26E-01H01 D3 - base -82 30S/26E-02A01 D3 - base -153 30S/26E-02F01 D3 - base -109 30S/26E-02J03 D3 - base -255 30S/26E-03K01 D3 - base -80 30S/26E-03M01 D3 - base -189 30S/26E-03M03 D3 - base -179 30S/26E-04E01 D3 - base -172 30S/26E-06K01 D3 - base -357 30S/26E-06L01 D3 - base -214 30S/26E-08P04 D3 - base -8

30S/26E-09G01 D3 - base -22 30S/26E-09M04 D3 - base -78 30S/26E-10Q01 D3 - base -56 30S/26E-12N01 D3 - base -250 30S/26E-13B01 D3 - base -211 30S/26E-14E01 D3 - base -71 30S/26E-16B04 D3 - base -213 30S/26E-18H04 D3 - base -43 30S/26E-19B01 D3 - base -58 30S/26E-19C01 D3 - base -77 30S/26E-20N02 D3 - base -92 30S/26E-21G01 D3 - base -149 30S/26E-28J01 D3 - base -176 30S/26E-32N01 D3 - base -125 30S/27E-07E01 D3 - base -164 30S/27E-08J01 D3 - base -331 31S/25E-03D01 D3 - base -131 31S/26E-02J01 D3 - base -250 31S/26E-03A01 D3 - base -130

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/26E-28D01 D3b -130 29S/26E-28K01 D3b -104 29S/26E-29E01 D3b -109 29S/26E-31H01 D3b -119 30S/25E-16D01 D3b -106 30S/25E-17P01 D3b -122 30S/25E-21G01 D3b -119 30S/25E-21N02 D3b -133 30S/26E-18H04 D3b -119 30S/26E-19G01 D3b -81

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/26E-28K01 D3b - base -174 29S/26E-29E01 D3b - base -176 29S/26E-31H01 D3b - base -142 30S/25E-16D01 D3b - base -146 30S/25E-17P01 D3b - base -222 30S/25E-21G01 D3b - base -172 30S/25E-21N02 D3b - base -234 30S/26E-18H04 D3b - base -210 30S/26E-19G01 D3b - base -138

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-27Q01 D4 -222 29S/24E-34N01 D4 -156 29S/25E-25M01 D4 -145 29S/25E-27N01 D4 -212 29S/25E-30H01 D4 -215 29S/25E-36H01 D4 -140 29S/26E-31H01 D4 -178 29S/26E-31J01 D4 -152 29S/26E-35A01 D4 -218


30S/24E-13D01 D4 -170 30S/24E-14L01 D4 -152 30S/24E-14M02 D4 -143 30S/25E-03R01 D4 -155 30S/25E-07A01 D4 -230 30S/25E-11E01 D4 -201 30S/25E-12B01 D4 -232 30S/25E-14J01 D4 -150 30S/25E-15N01 D4 -157 30S/25E-16D01 D4 -178 30S/25E-16L01 D4 -208 30S/25E-16R01 D4 -205 30S/25E-18K01 D4 -242 30S/25E-18P01 D4 -261 30S/25E-20C01 D4 -262 30S/25E-20L01 D4 -240 30S/25E-21A02 D4 -227 30S/25E-23A01 D4 -159 30S/25E-23H01 D4 -175 30S/25E-28C03 D4 -151 30S/25E-28E01 D4 -189 30S/25E-30R01 D4 -266 30S/25E-33A01 D4 -171 30S/25E-34H01 D4 -184 30S/25E-35B01 D4 -180 30S/25E-36G01 D4 -192 30S/26E-02R01 D4 -198 30S/26E-03K01 D4 -256 30S/26E-03L01 D4 -234 30S/26E-03M01 D4 -222 30S/26E-03M02 D4 -218 30S/26E-03M03 D4 -213 30S/26E-03P01 D4 -226 30S/26E-04E01 D4 -190 30S/26E-04J03 D4 -186 30S/26E-04R01 D4 -214 30S/26E-06L01 D4 -247 30S/26E-08P04 D4 -273 30S/26E-10Q01 D4 -219 30S/26E-16B01 D4 -177 30S/26E-16B04 D4 -255 30S/26E-16E01 D4 -216 30S/26E-16L01 D4 -171 30S/26E-19C01 D4 -187 30S/26E-19G01 D4 -174 30S/26E-20N02 D4 -153 30S/26E-21G01 D4 -279 30S/26E-22P01 D4 -187 30S/26E-24C01 D4 -233 30S/26E-25G01 D4 -218 30S/26E-29B01 D4 -178 30S/26E-32N01 D4 -255 30S/27E-05H01 D4 -242 30S/27E-07E01 D4 -196

30S/27E-20D01 D4 -230 31S/25E-03D01 D4 -183 31S/25E-03E01 D4 -176 31S/26E-02J01 D4 -289 31S/26E-03A01 D4 -242 31S/26E-06M01 D4 -221 31S/26E-09A01 D4 -222

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D4 - base -212 29S/25E-27N01 D4 - base -236 29S/26E-31H01 D4 - base -201 29S/26E-31J01 D4 - base -262 29S/26E-35A01 D4 - base -318 30S/24E-13D01 D4 - base -261 30S/24E-14M02 D4 - base -193 30S/25E-03R01 D4 - base -197 30S/25E-07A01 D4 - base -322 30S/25E-11E01 D4 - base -302 30S/25E-12B01 D4 - base -324 30S/25E-14J01 D4 - base -218 30S/25E-15N01 D4 - base -246 30S/25E-16D01 D4 - base -265 30S/25E-16L01 D4 - base -241 30S/25E-16R01 D4 - base -242 30S/25E-18K01 D4 - base -373 30S/25E-20C01 D4 - base -351 30S/25E-20L01 D4 - base -328 30S/25E-21A02 D4 - base -281 30S/25E-23A01 D4 - base -247 30S/25E-28C03 D4 - base -312 30S/25E-28E01 D4 - base -289 30S/25E-30R01 D4 - base -394 30S/25E-33A01 D4 - base -251 30S/25E-34H01 D4 - base -294 30S/25E-35B01 D4 - base -223 30S/25E-36G01 D4 - base -299 30S/26E-02R01 D4 - base -300 30S/26E-03K01 D4 - base -350 30S/26E-04E01 D4 - base -226 30S/26E-04J03 D4 - base -306 30S/26E-04R01 D4 - base -241 30S/26E-06L01 D4 - base -286 30S/26E-10Q01 D4 - base -299 30S/26E-16E01 D4 - base -340 30S/26E-19C01 D4 - base -258 30S/26E-19G01 D4 - base -260 30S/26E-20N02 D4 - base -220 30S/26E-22P01 D4 - base -218 30S/26E-25G01 D4 - base -256 30S/26E-29B01 D4 - base -250 30S/26E-32N01 D4 - base -292 30S/27E-05H01 D4 - base -395


30S/27E-07E01 D4 - base -281 31S/25E-02G01 D4 - base -376 31S/25E-03D01 D4 - base -271 31S/25E-03E01 D4 - base -252 31S/26E-06M01 D4 - base -306 31S/26E-09A01 D4 - base -360

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D4b -275 29S/26E-31H01 D4b -225 30S/24E-14M02 D4b -229 30S/25E-03Q02 D4b -239 30S/25E-03R01 D4b -253 30S/25E-04J01 D4b -253 30S/25E-16L01 D4b -274

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D4b - base -317 29S/26E-31H01 D4b - base -291 30S/24E-14M02 D4b - base -297 30S/25E-03Q02 D4b - base -298 30S/25E-03R01 D4b - base -298 30S/25E-04J01 D4b - base -303 30S/25E-09B01 D4b - base -262 30S/25E-16L01 D4b - base -297

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 29S/24E-34N01 D5 -411 29S/25E-25M01 D5 -270 29S/25E-27L01 D5 -312 29S/25E-27N01 D5 -304 29S/26E-31J01 D5 -398 30S/24E-13D01 D5 -297 30S/25E-03Q02 D5 -335 30S/25E-11E01 D5 -344 30S/25E-11N01 D5 -410 30S/25E-11Q01 D5 -347 30S/25E-13F01 D5 -363 30S/25E-13J01 D5 -403 30S/25E-14J01 D5 -307 30S/25E-14K01 D5 -332 30S/25E-14R01 D5 -303 30S/25E-16B01 D5 -373 30S/25E-16D01 D5 -324 30S/25E-16J01 D5 -288 30S/25E-16L01 D5 -334 30S/25E-16M01 D5 -310 30S/25E-16R01 D5 -304 30S/25E-17H01 D5 -332 30S/25E-17J01 D5 -328 30S/25E-20L01 D5 -359 30S/25E-21N02 D5 -312 30S/25E-21P04 D5 -277

30S/25E-21P05 D5 -301 30S/25E-23A01 D5 -274 30S/25E-23H01 D5 -273 30S/25E-24C01 D5 -293 30S/25E-24K01 D5 -339 30S/25E-30R01 D5 -433 30S/25E-32C01 D5 -383 30S/25E-33D01 D5 -409 30S/25E-34H01 D5 -355 30S/26E-04R01 D5 -333 30S/26E-06L01 D5 -333 30S/26E-09M04 D5 -303 30S/26E-10Q01 D5 -340 30S/26E-14J01 D5 -318 30S/26E-19G01 D5 -388 30S/26E-20C01 D5 -232 30S/26E-20N02 D5 -338 30S/26E-25G01 D5 -286 30S/26E-29B01 D5 -326 30S/26E-34C01 D5 -334 31S/25E-03D01 D5 -332 31S/25E-03E01 D5 -296 31S/25E-04Q01 D5 -328 31S/25E-15R01 D5 -370 31S/26E-09A01 D5 -391

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-03Q02 D5 - base -421 30S/25E-11E01 D5 - base -398 30S/25E-11Q01 D5 - base -427 30S/25E-16B01 D5 - base -407 30S/25E-16D01 D5 - base -379 30S/25E-16M01 D5 - base -371 30S/25E-16R01 D5 - base -324 30S/25E-17H01 D5 - base -382 30S/25E-17J01 D5 - base -416 30S/25E-20L01 D5 - base -470 30S/25E-21N02 D5 - base -350 30S/25E-21P04 D5 - base -336 30S/25E-21P05 D5 - base -361 30S/25E-23A01 D5 - base -389 30S/25E-24C01 D5 - base -333 30S/25E-30R01 D5 - base -576 30S/25E-32C01 D5 - base -521 30S/25E-33D01 D5 - base -503 30S/25E-34H01 D5 - base -541 30S/26E-20C01 D5 - base -293 30S/26E-25G01 D5 - base -432 30S/26E-29B01 D5 - base -480 30S/26E-34C01 D5 - base -388 31S/25E-03D01 D5 - base -520 31S/25E-03E01 D5 - base -470 31S/25E-04Q01 D5 - base -384


31S/25E-15R01 D5 - base -482 31S/26E-09A01 D5 - base -512

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-21N02 D5b -393 30S/25E-21P04 D5b -373 30S/25E-21P05 D5b -403

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-21N02 D5b - base -488 30S/25E-21P04 D5b - base -405 30S/25E-21P05 D5b - base -448

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 D6 -421 30S/25E-11E01 D6 -465 30S/25E-11Q01 D6 -461 30S/25E-14J01 D6 -397 30S/25E-14K01 D6 -431 30S/25E-16D01 D6 -436 30S/25E-16M01 D6 -448 30S/25E-17H01 D6 -463 30S/25E-17J01 D6 -523 30S/25E-18K01 D6 -510 30S/25E-21D01 D6 -463 30S/25E-21P06 D6 -426 30S/25E-28K01 D6 -545 30S/25E-36G01 D6 -512 30S/26E-25G01 D6 -461 30S/26E-34C01 D6 -465 31S/25E-15R01 D6 -538 31S/26E-09A01 D6 -558

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 D6 - base -599 30S/25E-16M01 D6 - base -482 30S/25E-21P06 D6 - base -493 30S/25E-28K01 D6 - base -723 30S/25E-36G01 D6 - base -642 30S/26E-25G01 D6 - base -529 30S/26E-34C01 D6 - base -718 31S/25E-15R01 D6 - base -618 31S/26E-09A01 D6 - base -584

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 D7 -629 30S/25E-28E01 D7 -605 30S/25E-30R01 D7 -636 30S/25E-32C01 D7 -570 30S/25E-33A01 D7 -606 30S/26E-29B01 D7 -632 31S/26E-09A01 D7 -628

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/25E-09B01 D7 - base -710 30S/25E-33A01 D7 - base -793 30S/26E-29B01 D7 - base -696

Well ID Unit Elev. (ft) 30S/26E-29B01 D7b -731

Table 3.1.2. Sand Percentages by Depth Zone

Well ID Zone 1 Sand Percentage

Zone 2 Sand Percentage






Total Well Sand P t29S/24E-27Q01 45.1 42.6 41.8 49.7 83.3 0.0 0.0 47.9

29S/24E-34N01 98.3 65.6 42.7 45.5 39.0 0.0 0.0 55.429S/25E-25M01 78.1 64.7 28.6 55.5 77.0 0.0 0.0 58.529S/25E-27L01 78.9 51.6 69.5 45.7 61.6 0.0 0.0 60.529S/25E-27N01 96.5 58.4 13.4 30.6 72.6 0.0 0.0 44.829S/25E-30H01 35.1 44.0 64.9 83.9 82.8 0.0 0.0 59.929S/25E-36H01 85.9 43.5 37.8 67.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.129S/26E-28D01 87.6 71.7 38.5 55.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.829S/26E-28K01 77.7 65.0 39.0 42.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.229S/26E-29E01 84.0 61.9 58.3 48.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.929S/26E-31H01 42.4 69.4 66.9 59.8 29.7 0.0 0.0 56.929S/26E-31J01 70.8 26.9 40.8 85.9 48.7 69.7 0.0 55.629S/26E-33F01 54.5 63.4 41.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.429S/26E-35A01 100.0 62.2 66.7 69.0 25.4 0.0 0.0 68.729S/27E-32C01 91.3 89.9 45.9 64.4 67.6 0.0 0.0 72.629S/27E-32H01 99.4 71.9 31.3 37.2 40.0 0.0 0.0 58.230S/24E-12H01 66.3 63.2 45.2 46.6 34.8 0.0 0.0 53.530S/24E-13D01 100.0 92.4 52.1 64.6 88.6 0.0 0.0 77.130S/24E-14L01 98.9 84.7 65.5 73.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.930S/24E-14M02 97.0 86.3 46.3 56.7 8.7 0.0 0.0 57.130S/24E-22A01 26.5 34.8 54.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.030S/24E-22H01 30.8 64.3 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.130S/24E-23D01 38.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.330S/25E-03Q02 65.6 45.8 54.2 51.4 29.9 57.9 0.0 49.330S/25E-03R01 76.3 48.6 20.8 47.2 47.9 44.5 0.0 46.530S/25E-04J01 22.1 38.0 68.7 50.7 50.0 0.0 0.0 47.530S/25E-07A01 27.7 34.8 40.3 43.8 42.2 0.0 0.0 38.330S/25E-09B01 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.7 84.0 96.7 72.0 84.830S/25E-09E01 51.0 30.6 48.7 22.2 32.2 0.0 0.0 36.130S/25E-10K01 57.0 27.8 35.5 36.9 34.1 13.9 0.0 37.130S/25E-11E01 65.6 50.7 45.8 47.6 47.9 67.5 0.0 53.230S/25E-11N01 77.1 31.3 65.4 21.6 33.4 63.9 0.0 48.130S/25E-11P01 97.8 42.4 59.8 35.5 15.9 0.0 0.0 53.930S/25E-11Q01 96.4 36.8 63.9 39.6 47.2 77.1 0.0 58.830S/25E-12B01 79.5 49.3 55.3 55.3 34.7 0.0 0.0 57.030S/25E-13F01 85.2 47.3 41.7 20.2 34.1 63.7 0.0 47.030S/25E-13J01 89.8 39.6 16.0 40.3 37.5 80.5 0.0 49.630S/25E-14E01 89.2 79.3 34.8 41.7 34.3 0.0 0.0 57.630S/25E-14H02 96.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.830S/25E-14J01 95.4 75.7 59.7 54.9 61.8 58.6 0.0 68.630S/25E-14K01 96.4 51.4 37.5 9.7 48.0 37.8 0.0 46.1









Total Well Sand P t30S/25E-14N01 75.3 56.3 30.6 29.2 24.8 0.0 0.0 43.7

30S/25E-14R01 41.5 52.8 20.2 29.2 25.8 0.0 0.0 34.030S/25E-15N01 83.1 65.3 30.6 57.7 28.5 31.3 0.0 49.530S/25E-16B01 70.9 40.3 57.7 34.0 37.3 0.0 0.0 47.430S/25E-16D01 84.6 63.2 45.9 62.5 39.4 54.2 0.0 57.230S/25E-16J01 97.2 25.0 36.8 15.3 25.0 28.8 0.0 36.730S/25E-16L01 100.0 63.3 44.5 40.3 44.9 0.0 0.0 58.530S/25E-16M01 92.1 60.4 25.0 45.8 57.7 58.3 0.0 55.030S/25E-16R01 97.7 46.6 38.3 28.5 42.8 0.0 0.0 50.430S/25E-17H01 72.2 34.8 25.7 18.8 38.2 20.0 0.0 35.830S/25E-17J01 93.3 81.3 63.2 52.8 70.2 50.7 52.1 67.430S/25E-17M01 78.9 36.8 52.8 41.0 34.1 42.4 20.8 45.630S/25E-17P01 95.7 83.4 49.3 53.5 34.7 46.4 0.0 59.130S/25E-18K01 86.4 62.5 27.1 38.2 55.6 67.1 31.5 54.530S/25E-18P01 33.4 52.9 60.5 45.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.830S/25E-19N02 55.0 40.3 53.5 34.7 22.1 0.0 0.0 41.530S/25E-19R01 100.0 64.7 57.0 43.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.530S/25E-20C01 79.3 68.8 45.1 34.0 41.7 52.8 0.0 52.530S/25E-20L01 90.0 79.9 79.2 38.9 59.7 39.5 0.0 63.530S/25E-21A02 86.1 74.4 40.3 43.8 50.1 33.2 0.0 53.830S/25E-21D01 97.2 89.6 45.8 43.8 35.4 66.0 0.0 60.330S/25E-21G01 100.0 81.3 44.5 41.7 33.4 0.0 0.0 60.930S/25E-21L03 35.8 73.8 78.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.530S/25E-21N02 88.4 75.1 56.3 46.6 64.0 45.0 0.0 63.530S/25E-21P04 58.1 79.2 73.0 54.9 50.7 34.7 32.8 55.630S/25E-21P05 73.9 88.2 63.2 52.8 72.9 0.0 0.0 63.130S/25E-21P06 99.9 100.0 90.3 64.6 82.0 79.8 0.0 85.330S/25E-22R03 66.6 43.8 39.6 29.9 11.1 0.0 0.0 39.530S/25E-23A01 69.6 85.3 72.7 84.0 87.3 90.7 57.3 78.630S/25E-23H01 88.5 41.3 17.4 27.8 60.0 34.4 0.0 43.130S/25E-24C01 73.2 53.3 50.0 48.7 62.2 0.0 0.0 56.930S/25E-24F01 81.0 40.3 27.1 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.630S/25E-24G01 56.7 26.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.330S/25E-24K01 82.2 57.3 16.7 19.5 52.0 32.9 0.0 43.830S/25E-27L01 88.6 100.0 74.7 76.0 90.0 100.0 56.0 83.230S/25E-28C03 75.9 77.8 60.4 70.2 39.8 0.0 0.0 67.330S/25E-28E01 83.1 81.9 61.1 54.9 48.6 36.1 84.4 62.530S/25E-28K01 84.0 33.4 31.6 29.0 59.1 42.3 24.3 41.530S/25E-28L01 49.5 58.0 26.7 36.7 35.8 0.0 0.0 41.030S/25E-28R01 67.5 69.5 41.7 34.0 51.5 49.8 53.0 51.830S/25E-30A01 49.8 32.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.1









Total Well Sand P t30S/25E-30R01 100.0 87.6 78.5 66.7 54.2 54.2 0.0 61.5

30S/25E-32B01 71.3 68.2 21.6 26.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.730S/25E-32C01 44.7 70.9 59.1 39.6 26.4 41.0 98.0 50.530S/25E-33A01 74.0 85.5 45.9 36.8 66.0 63.2 54.3 60.230S/25E-33D01 77.4 36.8 45.9 18.1 12.5 14.6 0.0 27.030S/25E-34H01 47.2 74.4 37.5 29.9 30.6 37.5 25.0 40.130S/25E-35B01 89.1 59.1 33.3 47.9 41.7 29.9 20.8 42.730S/25E-36G01 78.9 45.3 23.3 60.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 29.330S/25E-36R01 86.2 75.8 43.1 32.0 24.6 0.0 0.0 54.530S/26E-01H01 59.4 70.3 71.0 60.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.430S/26E-02A01 54.4 41.3 76.0 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.630S/26E-02F01 100.0 70.0 62.7 34.7 55.0 0.0 0.0 65.030S/26E-02J03 89.4 31.3 59.1 45.9 34.3 0.0 0.0 53.930S/26E-02M01 49.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.930S/26E-02R01 100.0 62.6 43.1 51.4 25.3 0.0 0.0 58.430S/26E-03J01 82.4 23.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.930S/26E-03K01 83.3 52.0 28.7 14.7 46.7 0.0 0.0 43.530S/26E-03L01 84.0 81.6 60.8 48.0 84.8 0.0 0.0 68.430S/26E-03M01 84.3 75.9 56.8 70.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 71.330S/26E-03M02 86.4 64.9 42.3 66.0 20.9 0.0 0.0 62.030S/26E-03M03 69.6 74.7 32.4 53.8 36.9 0.0 0.0 55.530S/26E-03P01 77.8 52.7 52.1 58.5 60.7 0.0 0.0 59.430S/26E-04E01 83.7 44.6 77.1 38.8 21.4 0.0 0.0 57.630S/26E-04J01 82.9 51.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.030S/26E-04J03 70.2 45.2 3.5 57.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.430S/26E-04R01 86.1 68.1 18.8 39.6 37.6 0.0 0.0 50.430S/26E-05N01 73.9 39.1 40.2 59.2 34.9 0.0 0.0 45.430S/26E-06K01 70.0 54.2 63.7 63.7 30.9 0.0 0.0 57.830S/26E-06L01 63.2 63.1 82.7 58.1 31.9 0.0 0.0 63.530S/26E-08P01 73.8 39.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.130S/26E-08P04 77.5 48.6 33.4 34.0 57.9 0.0 0.0 50.630S/26E-09G01 100.0 63.9 34.3 48.9 62.5 0.0 0.0 60.730S/26E-09M01 76.7 67.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.930S/26E-09M04 75.9 53.5 41.7 0.0 90.8 0.0 0.0 49.030S/26E-10C01 74.7 17.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.430S/26E-10Q01 72.1 43.8 54.9 43.8 23.8 0.0 0.0 49.430S/26E-12N01 87.0 77.2 75.8 68.1 38.6 0.0 0.0 74.330S/26E-13B01 95.6 84.1 78.6 37.6 48.9 0.0 0.0 69.430S/26E-14E01 99.1 91.1 34.1 15.3 50.1 0.0 0.0 55.830S/26E-14J01 100.0 100.0 80.7 18.8 42.6 0.0 0.0 70.430S/26E-16B01 99.7 51.5 44.2 64.7 66.4 0.0 0.0 63.1









Total Well Sand P t30S/26E-16B04 84.8 80.0 43.7 69.5 89.8 0.0 0.0 69.8

30S/26E-16E01 85.9 44.0 22.0 41.7 50.7 0.0 0.0 49.630S/26E-16L01 86.2 42.3 19.7 72.9 85.8 0.0 0.0 58.030S/26E-18H01 80.3 62.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.030S/26E-18H04 79.7 37.7 34.2 43.7 61.0 0.0 0.0 50.830S/26E-18N01 64.1 39.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.330S/26E-19A01 80.2 63.5 57.7 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.730S/26E-19B01 92.4 41.7 35.3 29.5 15.2 0.0 0.0 44.530S/26E-19C01 78.6 53.9 50.4 34.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.330S/26E-19G01 79.4 50.4 38.2 32.4 29.0 59.3 0.0 47.430S/26E-20C01 73.6 77.3 41.4 49.2 45.1 55.7 0.0 56.930S/26E-20N02 94.0 63.2 34.8 36.5 53.4 0.0 0.0 54.430S/26E-21G01 95.6 81.3 49.3 56.0 90.4 0.0 0.0 71.430S/26E-22P01 89.9 61.9 44.6 24.9 41.1 0.0 0.0 53.230S/26E-24A01 93.6 60.4 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.630S/26E-24C01 88.7 71.6 23.6 47.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.430S/26E-24D01 71.4 57.0 55.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.530S/26E-25A04 99.0 65.4 57.7 57.7 58.2 0.0 0.0 66.530S/26E-25G01 0.0 66.6 52.1 43.1 66.0 33.3 10.4 45.230S/26E-28J01 90.2 78.1 25.5 42.8 30.4 0.0 0.0 55.430S/26E-29B01 96.3 94.4 49.2 73.0 80.5 70.6 39.7 71.230S/26E-32N01 90.5 88.0 28.4 16.8 5.2 0.0 0.0 46.130S/26E-34C01 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 44.7 73.3 74.7 54.230S/27E-05A01 83.6 72.9 76.4 32.0 52.1 0.0 0.0 64.430S/27E-05H01 68.4 76.4 93.8 29.9 28.5 44.5 6.4 49.830S/27E-07E01 79.6 70.2 67.4 52.1 16.8 0.0 0.0 62.730S/27E-08J01 77.9 79.3 78.6 80.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 80.130S/27E-20D01 88.1 70.2 68.8 29.2 72.2 0.0 0.0 64.531S/25E-02G01 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.0 84.7 53.3 42.7 69.831S/25E-03D01 96.4 93.2 53.8 46.9 57.3 49.2 16.8 57.231S/25E-03E01 93.2 89.2 30.1 31.8 56.7 53.8 30.3 53.031S/25E-04Q01 99.4 77.6 53.8 28.9 41.7 45.7 26.1 50.931S/25E-15R01 13.0 77.3 43.3 49.3 22.7 30.0 11.8 40.331S/26E-02J01 89.3 61.3 73.3 66.7 55.0 0.0 0.0 71.531S/26E-03A01 92.1 71.9 71.9 48.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.431S/26E-06M01 100.0 86.7 78.7 85.3 49.3 56.0 42.7 69.031S/26E-09A01 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.7 66.7 52.7 66.7 56.7

Table 3.3.2.1a. Concentration of arsenic in different fractions of sediment samples from Well 23H

Depth below Ground Surface

(ft)

Arsenic in Exchangeable

Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Carbonate

Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Fe-Mn Oxide Fraction

(ppm)

Arsenic in Organic Matter Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Residual Fraction

(ppm)

90 1.83 0.08 1.74 0.12 0.62 110 0.36 0.05 1.13 0.04 0.09

110 Duplicate 0.33 0.08 1.37 0.06 Not measured 130 0.67 0.05 1.71 0.08 0.49 150 1.41 0.04 2.66 0.14 0.50 170 0.40 0.03 0.67 0.02 0.03 190 0.31 0.06 0.66 0.03 0.13 210 0.35 0.09 0.85 0.04 0.16 230 2.89 0.37 1.60 0.14 0.47 250 3.21 0.23 0.96 0.09 0.88 270 0.81 0.18 1.30 0.08 0.45 290 0.72 0.09 0.89 0.03 0.12

290 Duplicate 0.65 0.08 0.69 0.03 Not measured 310 2.99 0.14 1.08 0.10 0.75 330 2.66 0.23 0.96 0.11 0.77 350 2.21 0.29 1.33 0.07 0.70 370 3.36 0.36 1.70 0.11 0.22 390 3.87 0.25 1.29 0.08 0.54

390 Duplicate 3.52 0.28 1.56 0.29 Not measured 410 0.95 0.20 0.36 0.05 0.22 430 3.23 0.47 1.90 0.21 0.67 450 6.12 0.82 2.59 0.39 0.88 470 7.55 0.46 3.10 0.10 0.51 490 7.03 0.65 3.51 0.47 0.44 510 0.91 0.37 0.98 0.04 0.46 530 1.03 0.65 1.24 0.00 0.89 550 6.15 0.53 6.68 0.46 1.34 570 4.01 0.43 2.33 0.11 0.48 590 3.44 0.70 1.69 0.14 0.67 610 1.26 0.32 1.09 0.05 0.64 630 0.70 0.15 1.39 0.21 0.21

630 Duplicate 0.61 0.13 1.18 0.17 Not measured 650 0.65 0.33 1.81 0.05 0.09 670 0.37 0.05 0.90 0.14 0.00 690 0.51 0.29 1.53 0.09 0.40 710 0.75 0.26 1.26 0.04 0.27 720 0.44 0.10 0.43 0.05 Not measured

720 Duplicate 0.48 0.18 0.59 0.05 Not measured 740 3.67 0.32 1.61 0.26 1.19

740 Duplicate 3.41 0.35 1.87 0.18 Not measured 760 0.78 0.52 1.27 0.05 0.33 770 0.58 0.32 0.81 0.09 Not measured 780 6.09 0.65 5.46 1.58 0.87 800 1.35 0.32 1.59 0.10 0.50 820 1.47 0.22 1.22 0.09 0.25 840 1.98 0.21 1.82 0.06 0.68 860 3.09 0.44 1.88 0.02 0.88 880 0.45 0.20 0.70 0.02 0.03 900 1.12 0.25 0.92 0.04 0.32

Table 3.3.2.1b. Concentration of arsenic in different fractions of sediment samples from Well 24K

Depth below Ground Surface

(ft)

Arsenic in Exchangeable

Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Carbonate

Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Fe-Mn Oxide Fraction

(ppm)

Arsenic in Organic Matter Fraction (ppm)

Arsenic in Residual Fraction

(ppm)

10 0.51 0.08 0.62 0.05 1.10 14 1.01 0.16 0.74 0.10 1.02 18 0.91 0.18 0.66 0.09 1.01 22 0.61 0.07 0.76 0.08 1.18 28 0.55 0.06 0.93 0.09 0.98 32 1.30 0.04 0.59 0.06 2.53 34 0.95 0.09 1.17 0.13 1.60 38 1.71 0.08 1.60 0.16 2.30 50 0.30 0.04 0.45 0.02 0.11 70 0.61 0.05 0.42 0.02 0.16 90 0.87 0.08 0.92 0.10 0.39

110 0.81 0.04 0.80 0.08 0.58 130 1.17 0.04 0.80 0.07 1.21 150 1.25 0.04 0.81 0.08 1.20 170 1.02 0.03 0.59 0.08 0.86 190 0.50 0.04 0.58 0.03 0.80 210 0.43 0.02 0.58 0.02 0.54 230 0.37 0.04 0.46 0.03 0.05

230 Duplicate 0.39 0.03 0.37 0.02 Not measured 250 1.73 0.54 1.49 0.07 3.25 270 2.22 0.36 1.40 0.05 2.15

270 Duplicate 2.41 0.43 1.14 0.06 Not measured 290 0.35 0.05 0.26 0.01 0.14 310 1.96 0.15 0.39 0.05 1.78 330 1.21 0.14 0.52 0.05 3.19 350 1.57 0.11 0.33 0.04 0.81 370 2.06 0.28 0.75 0.07 4.15 390 2.07 0.36 1.24 0.05 3.04 410 0.21 0.07 0.36 0.01 0.11 430 1.03 0.15 0.56 0.04 1.37 450 1.23 0.12 0.19 0.05 0.86 470 1.54 0.15 0.39 0.03 1.41 490 1.85 0.17 0.47 0.04 1.31 520 1.19 0.68 0.61 0.05 1.04 540 Not measured 0.41 0.69 0.05 Not measured 560 1.78 0.69 0.69 0.05 2.35 580 2.08 0.34 1.34 0.07 1.83 600 2.24 0.38 0.96 0.07 3.95 620 2.90 0.3 1.17 0.07 3.81 640 2.15 0.68 3.83 0.11 5.62 660 1.10 1.3 6.96 0.10 1.50 680 0.17 0.56 0.73 0.04 1.52 700 0.21 0.19 0.64 0.03 0.31 730 1.17 0.22 0.84 0.06 1.50 750 0.28 0.1 0.44 0.05 0.30 770 0.11 0.14 0.54 0.08 0.57 790 0.56 0.49 0.71 0.08 1.46 810 0.66 0.16 0.63 0.06 1.55 830 0.02 0.27 1.27 0.55 0.12 850 2.09 0.19 8.21 0.21 6.78 870 1.03 0.77 1.77 0.21 1.95 880 1.59 0.24 0.60 0.26 2.57 910 1.00 0.29 0.67 0.08 1.88 930 0.37 0.26 1.00 0.10 0.31 950 0.25 0.13 0.55 0.12 0.21

Table 3.3.3.1. Summary of arsenic analyses

Sample ID* Sample Depth (ft) Total As (ppb) As (III) (ppb)** Percent As (III) As(V) (ppb)*** Percent As(V)170 H 170 5.78 0.29 5 5.49 95190 W 190 7.34 0.26 4 7.08 96190 H 190 6.77 0.23 3 6.54 97210 H 210 11.52 0.21 2 11.31 98230 H 230 12.56 0.93 7 11.63 93250 W 250 11.44 0.37 3 11.07 97250 H 250 11.17 0.74 7 10.43 93270 H 270 11.27 1.14 10 10.13 90280 W 280 11.93 0.40 3 11.53 97280 H 280 13.67 0.40 3 13.27 97290 H 290 12.19 0.37 3 11.82 97310 W 310 11.81 0.29 2 11.52 98310 H 310 10.00 0.37 4 9.63 96330 H 330 11.63 0.38 3 11.25 97410 W 410 12.93 0.27 2 12.66 98410 H 410 12.75 0.24 2 12.51 98430 H 430 15.23 0.29 2 14.94 98450 H 450 15.24 0.55 4 14.69 96470 W 470 15.54 0.84 5 14.70 95470 H 470 15.32 0.34 2 14.98 98510 H 510 16.15 0.27 2 15.88 98530 H 530 20.88 0.33 2 20.55 98550 W 550 16.03 0.17 1 15.86 99550 H 550 18.55 0.22 1 18.33 99630 W 630 15.29 1.03 7 14.26 93630 H 630 13.56 0.41 3 13.15 97650 H 650 13.90 0.37 3 13.53 97670 H 670 15.26 0.17 1 15.09 99730 H 720 16.52 0.29 2 16.23 98740 W 740 18.13 1.04 6 17.09 94740 H 740 18.80 0.23 1 18.57 99780 W 780 14.73 0.60 4 14.13 96780 H 780 15.90 0.19 1 15.71 99800 H 800 16.22 0.16 1 16.06 99820 H 820 16.26 0.38 2 15.88 98

Pumping NA 35.46 10.70 30 24.76 70

* Samples designated H were collected with HydraSleeve sampler, W with depth-specific sampler on a wire line** Arsenic speciation using the method from Wilkie and Hering (1998) except for pumping sample where method from Clifford (2004) was used*** As(V) calculated by difference

TABLE 3.3.5.1

MAJOR GRAIN TYPESTotal # of Points Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Granite/ Shale Sandstone

Depth Counted Grain Size* Sorting** Quartz Quartz K-feldspar Plagoiclase Volcanics Plutonic Metamorphic Chert Quartzite Siltstone Clasts Clasts Matrix% % % % % % % % % % % % %

23HARENITES

90 300 VP 12 5 8 5 2 52 5130 400 P-f Sd VP 11 2 3 8 5 51 4 3 2 7170 300 P- f Sd VP 12 8 8 1 4 39 3 13 1210 300 G-vc Sd VP 11 2 1 7 trace 38 7 22 1270 300 P-m Sd M-P 34 6 11 8 4 22 trace 1 5 6 1290 300 P-m Sd M 7 2 5 2 1 4 1 2 57 1 18 1610 300 G-f Sd P 9 3 6 4 trace 23 trace trace trace 44 9630 300 P-vc Sd P 22 3 2 8 1 41 trace 7 1 4650 300 vc Sd-m Sd P 9 2 5 3 1 12 1 42 24 1680 300 G-m Sd M-P 18 3 5 5 6 22 1 8 1730 300 P-m Sd P 17 3 5 8 18 1 2 39 6770 300 vc Sd-f Sd M-W 39 4 13 13 4 2 2 14830 300 P 13 2 7 4 14 10 15 26 8 2860 300 P 22 6 12 8 trace 14 1 trace 2 26 5890 300 G-m Sd M-W 21 6 6 6 1 4 1 1 2 25 trace 13

WACKES350 300 vc P 9 1 3 2 82370 400 cSd-Sh VP 17 1 5 6 1 9 trace trace 6510 300 Slt-Sh P-M 6 2 4 2 1 trace trace 78630 300 f-cSd M-W 33 2 17 18 2 13 1 1 8690 300 cSd-vSh W-P 23 3 12 1 2 trace trace 30760 300 cSd-Sh P 2 1 9 1 54780 300 vcSd-Sh VP-W 17 2 9 6 trace 5 trace 42790 300 vcSd-Sh P 26 3 10 11 trace 13 trace 3800 300 G-Sh VP 15 3 9 8 2 34840 300 cSd-Sh P-VP 20 1 9 9 trace 1 trace 49830 300 cSd M 4 3 15 17 1 16 1 2 trace 1 1850 300 cSd-Sh VP 26 3 22 2 trace trace 19900 300 vcSd-Sh VP 26 1 9 12 2 1 trace 33

* P = pebbles ** P = poor G = granules VP = very poor

Sd = sand M = moderate Slt = silt W = well

vc = very coarse c = coarse

m = medium f = fine

vf = very fine

TABLE 3.3.5.1

MAJOR GRAIN TYPESTotal # of Points Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Granite/ Shale Sandstone

Depth Counted Grain Size* Sorting** Quartz Quartz K-feldspar Plagoiclase Volcanics Plutonic Metamorphic Chert Quartzite Siltstone Clasts Clasts Matrix% % % % % % % % % % % % %

24KARENITES

2 300 G-vf Slt VP 24 5 12 16 12 1 4 1010 300 G-vf Slt VP trace 1 8 15 22 2 trace 718 300 vc Sd-f Slt VP 29 6 13 15 trace 7 trace trace trace 1 1 226 300 G-c Sd W 32 5 17 19 1 15 2 130 300 vc Sd-f Slt M 35 6 12 14 1 19 1 1 350 300 G-vf Sd VP 27 4 15 14 2 25 trace 2 1 390 300 G-f Sd P 25 5 17 12 1 33 trace 3 1 2130 300 G-f Sd VP 21 4 18 12 3 29 5 4170 300 P-fSd VP 3 4 2 2 2 37 4 3 trace 1190 300 P-f Sd VP 37 6 12 15 1 17 1 1 6 trace trace220 300 c Sd-c Slt P 25 1 8 8 1 2 1 42290 300 P-vf Sd VP 34 1 16 9 24 2 trace 17660 300 P-c Slt VP 9 3 4 2 1 12 trace trace 68750 300 G-f Sd P 38 1 15 2 2 trace 1 trace830 350 P-f Sd P 35 5 20 17 trace 15 19 1 1930 300 P-f Sd P 26 7 19 8 3 3 1 2 4 trace

WACKES0 300 cSd-Slt P 23 1 12 19 1 9 1 34 300 vcSd-mSlt VP 31 1 6 18 1 6 58 300 vcSd-Slt VP 27 2 12 22 1 1 3

40 300 vcSd-cSlt VP 31 trace 12 14 2 9260 300 cSd-Sh VP 5 1 5 3 4 1 77360 300 vfSd-Sh P 17 trace 1 9 1 trace 56430 300 Sd-Sh VP 2 1 12 9 1 2 trace 50460 300 fSd-Sh VP 27 3 13 15 3 13 1 trace trace 2550 300 Sh-vcSd P-VW 3 1 2 2 2 trace 89680 300 cSd-Sh VP 17 2 9 9 5 1 trace 51690 300 P-Sh VP 4 6 16 15 3 trace 2 3730 300 vcSd-Sh VP 3 4 14 7 3 19 trace 28840 300 m-cSd W 35 3 19 18 2 16 1 trace 1 2850 300 cSd-Sh P 13 6 7 trace 65

* P = pebbles ** P = poor G = granules VP = very poor

Sd = sand M = moderate Slt = silt W = well

vc = very coarse c = coarse

m = medium f = fine

vf = very fine

TABLE 3.3.5.2ACCESSORY MINERALS

Total # ofDepth Counted Muscovite Biotite Hornblende Epidote Zircon Sphene Rutile Opaques Chlorite Calcite Tremolite Phosphate Glauconite Pyroxene Fossils Garnet Serpentine Tourmaline

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

23HARENITES

90 300 2 trace 1 trace trace130 400 trace 1 trace trace170 300 1 1 1 trace210 300 trace 1 trace trace trace270 300 trace trace trace trace 1 trace290 300 trace trace610 300 trace 1 trace trace trace630 300 trace trace 1 trace650 300 trace trace trace680 300 trace trace trace trace730 300 trace 1 trace trace trace trace 1 trace770 300 trace 1 trace trace trace830 300 trace trace trace trace trace860 300 trace 3 1 trace trace890 300 1 trace trace trace trace

WACKES350 300 trace 2 trace trace370 400 2 trace trace trace trace trace510 300 4 1 trace 1 trace630 300 trace 1 2 trace trace trace trace trace trace trace690 300 trace 6 3 1 1 1 trace760 300 trace 3 trace trace 1 trace780 300 1 1 trace trace trace trace trace790 300 1 1 trace trace trace trace 1 1 trace800 300 trace trace trace trace 1840 300 trace 3 1 1 trace trace trace 2 1 trace830 300 trace 1 2 trace trace trace trace850 300 3 2 1 trace 1 trace trace trace900 300 trace 6 4 1 trace 1 1

TABLE 3.3.5.2ACCESSORY MINERALS

Total # ofDepth Counted Muscovite Biotite Hornblende Epidote Zircon Sphene Rutile Opaques Chlorite Calcite Tremolite Phosphate Glauconite Pyroxene Fossils Garnet Serpentine Tourmaline

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

24KARENITES

2 300 1 11 3 trace trace10 300 trace 7 3 trace trace18 300 1 4 trace trace 126 300 trace 4 2 trace trace30 300 trace 7 2 trace trace trace50 300 2 3 trace trace trace90 300 1 2 trace130 300 2 2 trace trace trace trace trace170 300 trace 3 1 trace trace trace190 300 trace 3 1 trace trace220 300 1 7 1 trace 1 1 1 trace290 300 trace 1 2 trace trace trace660 300 trace trace trace trace750 300 1 trace 1 trace 1830 350 1 1 1 trace trace trace930 300 trace 1 trace trace trace

WACKES0 300 trace 17 9 trace trace 3 14 300 18 7 trace trace 1 3 trace8 300 1 2 7 1 trace trace trace

40 300 1 23 4 trace 1 1 2 1 1 trace260 300 1 trace 1 trace trace 1 trace360 300 trace 2 trace trace trace trace trace 3 trace trace trace430 300 trace 2 trace trace trace 2460 300 trace 2 trace trace trace trace 1 trace trace trace trace550 300 1 trace 1 trace trace680 300 trace 1 trace 1 trace trace trace 3690 300 2 1 trace trace trace 1 trace trace trace trace730 300 1 trace trace trace trace 1 trace trace840 300 1 1 trace trace trace trace trace 1 trace850 300 trace 3 1 trace trace trace trace 1

TABLE 3.3.6.1

X-ray Diffraction Data**

*R=0 M-L I/S 90S - Randomly Ordered Mixed-Layer Illite/Smectite with 90% Smectite Layers

**Analyses performed by K/T GeoServices under the supervision of James Talbot

K/T Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Sample ID 23H-220 23H-380 23H-480 23H-550 23H-570 23H-660 23H-740 23H-840

Whole Rock Mineralogy(Weight Percent)

Quartz 24 % 27 % 26 % 28 % 28 % 28 % 25 % 28 %K-Feldspar 13 % 11 % 9.4% 9.7% 14 % 11 % 8.7% 7.8%Plagioclase 43 % 33 % 38 % 36 % 38 % 29 % 38 % 39 %Amphibole 2.6% 1.7% 0% 0% 0.9% 0% 1.3% 6.9%

Calcite 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Clinoptilolite 1.2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0.7%

Gypsum 0% 0% 0% 1.5% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total Phyllosilicates 17 % 27 % 26 % 25 % 19 % 32 % 26 % 18 %

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Phyllosilicate Mineralogy(Relative Abundance)

R=0 M-L I/S 90S* 73 % 84 % 86 % 82 % 85 % 82 % 79 % 55 %Illite & Mica 9.4% 6.7% 7.8% 12 % 10.0% 8.8% 11 % 32 %

Kaolinite 16 % 6.6% 5.4% 3.8% 4.0% 6.8% 6.4% 12 %Chlorite 1.2% 2.5% 1.1% 2.1% 1.2% 2.2% 3.2% 0.9%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Summary Mineralogy(Weight Percent)

Quartz 24 % 27 % 26 % 28 % 28 % 28 % 25 % 28 %K-Feldspar 13 % 11 % 9.4% 9.7% 14 % 11 % 8.7% 7.8%Plagioclase 43 % 33 % 38 % 36 % 38 % 29 % 38 % 39 %Amphibole 2.6% 1.7% 0% 0% 0.9% 0% 1.3% 6.9%

Calcite 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Clinoptilolite 1.2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0.7%

Gypsum 0% 0% 0% 1.5% 0% 0% 0% 0%R=0 M-L I/S 90S* 12 % 22 % 23 % 21 % 16 % 27 % 21 % 9.8%

Illite & Mica 1.6% 1.8% 2.1% 2.9% 1.9% 2.8% 2.9% 5.7%Kaolinite 2.7% 1.8% 1.4% 0.9% 0.8% 2.2% 1.7% 2.1%Chlorite 0.2% 0.7% 0.3% 0.5% 0.2% 0.7% 0.8% 0.2%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

TABLE 3.3.6.1

X-ray Diffraction Data (continued)**

*R=0 M-L I/S 90S - Randomly Ordered Mixed-Layer Illite/Smectite with 90% Smectite Layers **Analyses performed by K/T GeoServices under the supervision of James Talbot

K/T Sample # 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Sample ID 24K-200 24K-210 24K-240 24K-330 24K-400 24K-500 24K-640 24K-860

Whole Rock Mineralogy(Weight Percent)

Quartz 30 % 34 % 34 % 32 % 28 % 39 % 31 % 27 %K-Feldspar 9.4% 33 % 20 % 18 % 9.9% 6.9% 12 % 7.9%Plagioclase 35 % 25 % 27 % 37 % 26 % 37 % 38 % 42 %Amphibole 2.7% 0.8% 1.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Calcite 6.3% 0.4% 0.9% 0.6% 3.8% 1.3% 3.1% 0.6%Clinoptilolite 2.0% 0% 4.3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Gypsum 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total Phyllosilicates 15 % 6.8% 12 % 12 % 32 % 16 % 16 % 23 %

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Phyllosilicate Mineralogy(Relative Abundance)

R=0 M-L I/S 90S* 83 % 75 % 70 % 78 % 83 % 83 % 79 % 76 %Illite & Mica 11 % 21 % 25 % 11 % 8.5% 9.2% 11 % 11 %

Kaolinite 4.8% 3.6% 4.0% 7.4% 7.2% 6.7% 8.8% 11 %Chlorite 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 3.2% 1.5% 1.5% 1.8% 1.1%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Summary Mineralogy(Weight Percent)

Quartz 30 % 34 % 34 % 32 % 28 % 39 % 31 % 27 %K-Feldspar 9.4% 33 % 20 % 18 % 9.9% 6.9% 12 % 7.9%Plagioclase 35 % 25 % 27 % 37 % 26 % 37 % 38 % 42 %Amphibole 2.7% 0.8% 1.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Calcite 6.3% 0.4% 0.9% 0.6% 3.8% 1.3% 3.1% 0.6%Clinoptilolite 2.0% 0% 4.3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Gypsum 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%R=0 M-L I/S 90S* 13 % 5.1% 8.8% 9.7% 26 % 13 % 12 % 17 %

Illite & Mica 1.7% 1.4% 3.2% 1.4% 2.7% 1.5% 1.7% 2.6%Kaolinite 0.7% 0.2% 0.5% 0.9% 2.3% 1.1% 1.4% 2.5%Chlorite 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.5% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 3.3.8.1. Visual Grain-Size and Lithology of Grab Samples from Wells 23H and 24K (Epoch Well Services, Inc.)

Well Sample Primary Secondary Tertiary USCSID Depth Lithology % Lithology % Lithology % Low High Class Sorting Rounding Sphericity Color Symbol

23H01 90 S 100 0 0 VFS VCS SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 100 S 100 0 0 FS GR GP P R SPH GREYTISH ORANGE 10Y R 7/423H01 110 S 100 0 0 FS GR GP P R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/423H01 120 S 100 0 0 FS GR GP P R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/423H01 130 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 140 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 150 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP P R SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 160 S 100 0 0 MS CS SW M R SPR LIGHT OLIVE BROWN 5 Y 5/623H01 170 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 180 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 190 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 200 S 80 SL 20 0 VFS CS SM P SR SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 210 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS CS SM P R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/423H01 220 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 230 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 240 SL 50 C 50 0 MH W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE BROWN 5 Y 5/623H01 250 C 90 SL 10 0 CH W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 260 SL 60 C 30 S 10 FS ML M SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 270 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS MS SM P SR SPH DUSKY YELLOW 5 Y 6/423H01 280 S 100 0 0 FS CS SP M SR SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 290 S 50 SL 40 C 10 VFS MS SM P SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 300 SL 30 C 70 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 310 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 320 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 330 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 340 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 350 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 360 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 370 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 380 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 390 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 400 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 410 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 420 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 430 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 440 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5Y 5/223H01 450 SL 70 C 30 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 460 C 40 SL 60 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 470 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5Y 5/223H01 480 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/223H01 490 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 500 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 510 SL 60 S 30 C 10 VFS MS SM P SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 520 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 530 SL 50 C 50 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 540 SL 50 C 50 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 550 SL 50 C 50 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 560 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 570 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 580 SL 60 C 30 S 10 FS ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/2

Grainsize



Grainsize

23H01 590 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 600 SL 60 C 20 S 20 VFS FS ML M SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 610 S 80 SL 20 0 FS VCS SP P SR SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 620 S 100 0 0 FS CS SP P R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 630 S 100 0 0 FS VCS SP P R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 640 S 100 0 0 MS SW W R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 650 S 80 SL 20 0 FS CS SM P R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 660 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 670 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW W R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 680 S 100 0 0 MS SW W R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 690 S 90 SL 5 C 5 FS CS SM P R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 700 SL 50 C 50 0 CL W SR SPH OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 710 S 90 SL 5 C 5 FS CS SP M R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 720 S 80 SL 10 C 10 FS CS SM M R SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 720 S 100 0 0 FS MS SW W R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 730 S 70 SL 20 C 10 VFS MS SP P SR SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 740 SL 60 C 30 S 10 FS MS ML M SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 750 S 50 SL 40 C 10 FS CS SM P R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 760 SL 70 C 30 0 ML M SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 770 S 70 SL 30 0 FS MS SM M R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 780 SL 60 S 40 0 FS CS SM E R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 790 S 50 SL 40 C 10 FS CS SM P R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 800 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS CS SM M R SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 810 S 80 SL 10 C 10 FS CS SM P R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 820 S 70 SL 15 C 15 FS CS SM P R SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 830 S 80 SL 20 0 FS CS SM M R SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 840 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 850 S 80 SL 20 0 FS CS SM P R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 860 S 90 SL 5 C 5 FS MS SM M R SPH OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 870 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 880 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/223H01 890 S 40 SL 30 C 30 VFS MS SM P SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/223H01 900 SL 60 C 30 C 10 FS ML M SR SPR OLIVE GREY 5 Y 3/224K01 2 SL 80 S 20 0 FS ML M SR SPR GREYISH BROWN 5 YR 3/224K01 4 SL 80 S 20 0 FS ML M SR SPR GREYISH BROWN 5 Y R 3/224K01 6 SL 80 S 20 0 FS ML M SR SPR GREYISH BROWN 5 Y R 3/224K01 8 S 50 SL 50 0 VFS FS SM W R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 10 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 12 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 14 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 16 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 18 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 20 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 22 S 100 0 0 FS MS SW W R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 26 S 100 0 0 FS MS SM W R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 28 S 90 SL 10 0 FS MS SM M SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 30 S 80 SL 20 0 VFS S SM P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 32 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS MS SM M SR SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 34 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS MS SM M R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 34 S 100 0 0 FS MS SM W R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/2



Grainsize

24K01 36 S 80 SL 20 0 VFS FS SM P SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE BROWN 5 Y 5/624K01 38 SL 70 S 30 0 VFS MS ML M SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 40 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR DUSKY YELLOW 5 Y 6/424K01 50 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 60 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 70 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 80 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 90 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 100 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 110 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 120 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 130 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SP M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 140 S 100 0 0 VFS VCS SP P SR SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 150 S 100 0 0 VFS GR SP P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 160 S 100 0 0 VFS FS SM M R SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 170 S 100 0 0 VFS CS SW M R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 180 S 100 0 0 VFS VCS SP P SR SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 190 SL 100 0 0 MS CS SW M SR SPR DUSKY YELLOW 5 Y 6/424K01 200 SL 80 C 10 S 10 VFS FS SM P SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 210 S 50 SL 50 0 VFS FS ML M SR SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 220 S 50 SL 40 C 10 FS ML M SP SPH DUSKY YELLOW 5 Y 6/424K01 230 S 100 0 0 MS CS SW W R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 240 C 80 S 20 0 FS VFS CL W SR SPR GREENISH YELLOW 5 Y 8/424K01 250 C 50 SL 40 S 10 MS SC M R SPH GREYISH BROWN 5 Y R 3/224K01 260 C 70 SL 20 S 10 FS CS SC P R SPH GREYISH BROWN 5 Y R 3/224K01 270 C 70 SL 25 S 5 MS CH W SR SPR GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 280 S 95 SL 5 0 FS CS SP M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 290 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS CS SP M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 300 SL 50 S 40 C 10 VFS MS SM M SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 310 C 70 SL 30 0 CL W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 320 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 330 SL 80 C 20 0 SC W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 340 C 80 SL 20 0 MH W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 350 SL 70 C 25 S 5 VFS ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 360 SL 50 C 50 0 CL W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 370 C 60 SL 40 0 CL W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 380 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 390 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 400 SL 50 C 50 0 ML W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 410 S 100 0 0 FS MS SW M R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 420 S 100 0 0 FS CS SW M R SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 430 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR GREYSIH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 440 SL 80 C 15 S 5 FS VFS SM M SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 450 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 460 S 60 SL 20 C 20 FS MS SC P R SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 470 SL 60 C 40 0 MH W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 480 C 70 SL 30 0 MH W SR SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 490 C 90 SL 10 0 CH W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 500 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 520 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/2



Grainsize

24K01 530 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 540 C 80 SL 20 0 FS VFS CH W SR SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 5/224K01 550 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 560 C 80 SL 20 0 FS VFS CH W SR SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 5/224K01 570 SL 80 C 20 0 CL W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 580 CL 60 S 40 0 FS VFS CL W SR SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 590 C 60 SL 40 0 CL W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 600 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 610 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 620 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPH GREYISH ORANGE 10 Y R 7/424K01 630 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR PALE YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 6/224K01 640 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR DERATE YELLLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 650 C 100 0 0 CH W SR SPR PALE YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 6/224K01 660 SL 50 S 30 C 20 FS MS SM P SR SPR PALE YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 6/224K01 670 SL 80 C 20 0 ML W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 680 CL 60 SL 35 S 5 FS CL P SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 690 S 100 0 0 MS CS SW M R SD DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 700 S 100 0 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 720 S 95 SL 5 0 VFS MS SW M R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 730 S 60 SL 40 0 VFS CS SM P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 740 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS CS SW M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 750 S 100 0 0 FS CS SP M R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 760 S 95 SL 5 0 VFS VCS SP M R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 5/224K01 770 S 95 C 5 0 VFS GR SP P R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 5/224K01 780 C 60 S 40 0 FS VFS CL M SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 5/224K01 790 C 60 SL 40 0 CL W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 800 S 100 0 0 VFS VCS SP P R SPH DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 810 SL 60 C 40 0 ML W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 820 C 50 SL 50 0 CL W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 830 S 80 SL 10 C 10 FS MS SM P R SD DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 840 S 100 0 0 FS VFS SP P R SPH DERATE YELLOWISH BRO 10 Y R 5/424K01 850 SL 60 C 40 0 MH W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 860 SL 80 C 20 0 MH W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 870 SL 50 C 50 0 MH W SR SPR LIGHT OLIVE GREY 5 Y 5/224K01 880 C 60 SL 40 0 CL W SR SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 880 SL 50 C 40 S 10 FS SM P SR SPR PALE YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 6/224K01 890 S 90 SL 10 0 VFS CS SM P R SPR DARK YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 4/224K01 910 SL 90 C 10 0 MH W SR SPR YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 920 S 60 SL 30 C 10 FS CS SM P R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 930 S 100 0 0 FS CS SP M R SPH YELLOWISH GREY 5 Y 7/224K01 940 S 70 SL 30 0 VFS CS SM P R SPR PALE YELLOWISH BROWN 10 Y R 6/224K01 960 S 80 SL 20 0 VFS CS SM P R SPH DUSKY YELLOW 5 Y 7/4

Table 3.9.9.1. Magnetic susceptibility data (refer to Figures 2.2.3, 3.3.9.1-2).

Well 302523H Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg)

90 6.725E-07 100 3.100E-07 110 2.447E-07 120 4.227E-07 130 3.575E-07 140 5.927E-07 150 3.907E-07 160 1.243E-07 170 1.611E-07 180 1.205E-07 190 2.531E-07 200 3.197E-07 210 2.983E-07 220 1.508E-07 230 2.968E-07 240 1.456E-07 250 1.481E-07 260 1.577E-07 270 6.756E-08 280 8.973E-08 290 1.018E-07 300 1.132E-07 310 1.005E-07 320 1.434E-07 330 1.210E-07 340 1.138E-07 350 1.433E-07 360 1.419E-07 370 1.393E-07 380 1.993E-07 390 1.740E-07 400 1.318E-07 410 1.062E-07 420 1.082E-07 430 1.137E-07 440 1.193E-07 450 1.520E-07 460 1.132E-07 470 1.551E-07 480 1.244E-07 490 1.359E-07 500 1.918E-07 510 1.247E-07 520 1.501E-07 530 1.558E-07 540 1.268E-07 550 9.495E-08 560 1.366E-07 570 1.387E-07 580 8.490E-08

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg)

590 1.663E-07 600 4.217E-07 610 2.954E-07 620 8.247E-08 630 1.567E-07 640 3.250E-07 650 2.324E-07 660 1.692E-07 670 1.814E-07 680 2.798E-07 690 3.192E-07 700 1.381E-07 710 5.550E-07 720 4.148E-07 730 8.303E-07 740 3.412E-07 750 2.945E-07 760 2.287E-07 770 1.135E-07 780 1.527E-07 790 1.960E-07 800 1.433E-07 810 4.759E-07 820 3.359E-07 830 3.385E-07 840 1.578E-07 850 1.164E-07 860 3.241E-07 870 2.601E-07 880 3.085E-07 890 2.425E-07 900 1.953E-07


Well 302524K

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 2 2.662E-07 4 2.485E-07 6 2.312E-07 8 1.965E-07

10 1.516E-07 12 1.955E-07 14 2.085E-07 16 2.231E-07 18 1.031E-07 20 2.048E-07 22 8.903E-07 24 8.125E-07 26 5.720E-07 28 6.838E-07 30 6.434E-07 32 1.508E-06 34 1.180E-06 36 7.213E-07 38 9.272E-07 40 1.071E-06 50 2.440E-07 60 1.977E-07 70 2.567E-07 80 1.096E-06 90 6.636E-07

100 1.341E-06 110 8.294E-07 120 9.075E-07 130 1.157E-06 140 2.668E-07 150 8.662E-07 160 4.787E-07 170 4.721E-07 180 6.781E-07 190 4.256E-07 200 3.191E-07 210 1.574E-07 220 1.863E-07 230 1.677E-07 240 1.808E-07 250 7.382E-08 260 1.460E-07 270 1.360E-07 280 1.849E-07 290 2.293E-07 300 2.010E-07 310 2.308E-07 320 1.389E-07 330 1.442E-07 340 1.338E-07

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 350 1.217E-07 360 1.242E-07 380 1.206E-07 390 1.561E-07 400 1.744E-07 410 6.399E-08 420 6.587E-08 430 1.062E-07 440 1.121E-07 450 1.446E-07 460 1.327E-07 470 1.117E-07 480 1.229E-07 490 1.109E-07 500 1.464E-07 510 1.352E-07 520 1.245E-07 530 1.110E-07 540 1.168E-07 550 1.396E-07 560 1.603E-07 570 1.438E-07 580 1.194E-07 590 1.508E-07 600 1.377E-07 610 1.315E-07 620 1.476E-07 630 2.009E-07 640 1.421E-07 650 3.474E-07 660 2.216E-07 670 1.070E-07 680 1.848E-07 690 2.665E-07 700 2.000E-07 710 2.859E-07 720 2.664E-07 730 1.404E-07 740 1.458E-06 750 6.765E-07 760 8.030E-07 770 5.873E-07 780 1.680E-07 790 2.132E-07 800 2.528E-07 810 1.560E-07 820 1.362E-07 830 1.813E-07 840 2.823E-07 850 8.367E-08 860 1.672E-07


Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 870 1.513E-07 880 1.499E-07 890 4.807E-07 900 4.545E-07 910 1.885E-07 920 1.233E-07 930 2.895E-07 940 3.636E-07 960 3.381E-07

Well 302514N

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 0 9.681E-07 3 9.728E-07 6 7.691E-07

10 5.386E-07 14 5.779E-07 17 3.216E-06 20 3.928E-06 24 3.166E-06 26 2.346E-06 28 1.382E-06 30 5.861E-07 33 3.495E-07 35 3.525E-07 40 5.567E-07 41 1.203E-06 45 1.649E-06 50 3.214E-06 60 5.225E-06 65 1.603E-06 66 5.492E-06 67 9.780E-06 70 3.570E-06 72 7.844E-07

170 5.252E-07 180 4.166E-07 190 6.464E-07 200 1.155E-06 210 3.774E-07 220 4.716E-07 230 3.658E-07 240 5.739E-07 250 3.589E-07 260 2.579E-07 270 2.480E-07 280 5.833E-07 290 7.745E-07 310 2.594E-07 320 2.626E-07 330 6.254E-07 350 5.109E-07 360 3.266E-07 370 2.745E-07 380 2.464E-07 390 2.626E-07 400 2.746E-07 440 3.864E-07 450 3.538E-07 470 2.898E-07 500 2.762E-07 510 3.246E-07


Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg)

530 2.767E-07 540 2.698E-07 560 2.754E-07 570 2.802E-07 580 2.836E-07 590 2.814E-07 600 3.209E-07 610 3.744E-07 620 3.089E-07 630 3.379E-07 640 3.755E-07 650 3.787E-07 660 3.235E-07 670 3.125E-07 680 3.046E-07 690 3.436E-07 710 6.121E-07 720 3.593E-07 730 3.673E-07 740 3.212E-07 760 3.023E-07 770 6.457E-07 790 4.268E-07 800 6.316E-07 810 5.774E-07 820 7.742E-07 830 4.196E-07 840 4.228E-07 850 3.754E-07 860 4.498E-07 870 7.799E-07

Well 302514D

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 0 3.051E-07

12 4.855E-07 23 2.287E-06 25 2.783E-06 36 3.640E-06 45 8.861E-07 62 2.645E-07 63 2.840E-07 70 2.050E-06 80 2.479E-06 90 2.064E-06

100 2.083E-06 110 3.570E-06 120 5.532E-07 130 4.228E-07 140 3.402E-07 150 5.473E-07 160 1.935E-07 170 1.299E-06 180 1.463E-06 190 7.803E-07 200 3.345E-07 210 1.407E-06 220 2.944E-06 230 3.445E-06 240 1.605E-06 250 2.096E-07 260 2.527E-07 270 2.381E-07 280 7.667E-07 290 6.392E-07 300 7.017E-07 310 1.338E-06 320 1.982E-06 330 1.766E-06 340 1.454E-06 350 1.717E-06 360 5.017E-07 370 4.695E-07 380 8.997E-07 390 2.305E-07 400 6.357E-07 410 1.198E-06 420 1.321E-06 430 7.525E-07 440 2.333E-06 450 6.076E-07 460 3.806E-07 470 5.350E-07 480 1.062E-06


Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 490 6.542E-07 500 2.925E-07 510 2.848E-07 520 3.209E-07 530 1.395E-06 540 1.183E-06 550 4.996E-07 560 5.437E-07 570 3.579E-07 580 6.164E-07 590 7.496E-07 600 3.120E-07 610 8.871E-07 620 4.684E-07 630 5.210E-07 640 3.350E-07 650 4.019E-07 660 4.634E-07 670 3.605E-07 680 4.636E-07 690 3.110E-07 700 3.943E-07 710 3.553E-07 720 5.090E-07 730 4.052E-07 740 2.155E-07 750 2.330E-07 760 2.206E-07 770 3.716E-07 780 2.903E-07 790 2.973E-07 800 3.106E-07 810 3.371E-07 820 3.861E-07 830 1.654E-07 840 2.539E-07 850 1.519E-07 860 3.015E-07 870 1.860E-07 880 2.695E-07 890 2.765E-07 900 2.786E-07

Well 302603J

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 60 9.913E-07 70 1.594E-06 80 1.465E-06 90 7.628E-07

100 3.074E-07 110 2.960E-07 120 2.761E-07 130 2.637E-06 140 4.426E-07 150 4.658E-07 160 1.129E-06 170 2.353E-07 180 9.993E-07 190 3.890E-07 200 6.022E-07 210 6.415E-07 220 1.205E-06 230 3.771E-07 240 9.873E-07 250 3.845E-07 260 2.555E-06 270 3.618E-07 280 3.759E-07 290 5.755E-07 300 2.840E-07 310 5.786E-07 320 9.413E-07 330 3.485E-07 340 3.600E-07 350 4.100E-07 360 2.990E-07 370 4.454E-07 380 5.096E-07 390 3.368E-07 400 1.874E-07 410 6.207E-07 420 1.543E-07 430 4.231E-07 440 2.435E-07 450 2.318E-07 460 3.527E-07 470 1.472E-06 480 4.390E-07 490 3.747E-07 500 4.289E-07 510 3.044E-07 520 4.140E-07 530 1.699E-07 540 2.451E-07 550 2.073E-07


Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 560 2.648E-07 570 2.741E-07 580 1.857E-07 590 1.604E-07 600 1.708E-07 610 2.086E-07 620 3.807E-07 630 2.987E-07 640 2.837E-07 650 2.265E-07 660 1.786E-07 670 3.529E-07 680 2.377E-07 690 3.560E-07 700 2.833E-07 710 3.470E-07 720 3.426E-07 730 4.364E-07 740 3.530E-07 750 2.787E-07

Well 292731Q

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 260 3.330E-07 270 3.743E-07 280 5.768E-07 290 7.752E-07 300 6.681E-07 310 2.985E-07 330 4.183E-07 340 1.889E-07 350 1.903E-07 360 2.551E-07 370 8.455E-07 380 2.783E-07 390 2.795E-07 400 3.527E-07 400 4.122E-07 410 2.019E-07 420 3.646E-07 430 4.490E-07 440 2.298E-07 450 2.995E-07 460 2.386E-07 470 2.242E-06 480 4.321E-07 490 5.810E-07 500 5.107E-07 510 6.593E-07 520 3.759E-07 530 2.758E-07 540 2.485E-07 550 2.584E-07 560 1.969E-07 570 9.360E-07 580 5.078E-07 590 1.743E-07 600 2.227E-07 610 1.809E-07 620 1.271E-07 670 1.980E-07 680 1.631E-07 690 1.750E-07 700 1.644E-07 710 1.362E-07 720 1.937E-07 730 2.702E-07 740 4.081E-07 750 1.918E-07 760 1.463E-07


Well 292731P


100 2.747E-07 110 1.818E-07 120 2.392E-07 130 9.161E-07 140 4.699E-07 150 4.295E-07 160 1.657E-06 170 1.317E-06 180 7.038E-07 190 3.157E-07 200 4.058E-07 210 2.505E-07 220 2.950E-07 230 3.083E-07 240 5.113E-07 250 4.903E-07 260 5.091E-07 270 3.495E-07 280 7.092E-07 290 1.130E-06 300 3.033E-07 310 2.753E-07 320 2.908E-07 330 1.996E-07 340 1.369E-07 350 3.273E-07 360 2.331E-07 370 3.112E-07 380 3.121E-07 390 3.191E-07 400 3.426E-07 410 3.060E-07 420 2.559E-07 430 4.494E-07 440 3.838E-07 450 5.051E-07 460 5.638E-07 470 2.524E-07 480 3.896E-07 490 3.546E-07 500 4.600E-07 510 5.191E-07 520 2.229E-07 530 1.219E-06 540 3.458E-07 550 4.023E-07 560 3.365E-07 570 2.243E-07 580 7.989E-07

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 590 1.523E-07 600 2.262E-07 610 2.077E-07 620 2.414E-07 630 2.912E-07 640 1.603E-07 650 1.576E-07 660 1.399E-07 670 1.375E-07 680 1.500E-07 690 1.628E-07 700 1.675E-07 710 2.506E-07 720 6.348E-07 730 6.437E-07 740 1.844E-07 750 1.502E-07


Well 302601B


100 4.197E-07 110 3.206E-07 120 1.289E-06 130 6.213E-07 140 3.805E-07 150 3.657E-07 160 4.423E-07 170 3.858E-07 180 4.466E-07 190 6.270E-07 200 6.638E-07 210 7.570E-07 220 5.316E-07 230 1.207E-06 240 3.864E-07 250 9.474E-07 260 3.061E-07 270 4.157E-07 280 6.297E-07 290 3.191E-07 300 4.636E-07 310 2.671E-07 320 2.871E-07 330 3.036E-07 340 2.908E-07 350 3.039E-07 360 2.870E-07 370 3.206E-07 380 8.040E-07 390 3.556E-07 400 3.822E-07 410 2.800E-07 420 3.873E-07 430 1.350E-06 440 6.622E-07 450 3.770E-07 460 3.064E-07 470 6.075E-07 480 6.102E-07 490 4.176E-07 500 5.491E-07 510 3.429E-07 520 4.202E-07 530 3.367E-07 540 8.703E-07 550 5.579E-07 560 4.458E-07 570 5.336E-07 580 3.523E-07

Depth (fbgs) Susceptibility (m3/kg) 590 2.739E-07 600 3.300E-07 610 2.169E-07 620 4.259E-07 630 3.789E-07 640 2.762E-07 650 3.177E-07 660 2.389E-07 670 1.799E-07 680 1.948E-07 690 2.262E-07 700 1.604E-07 710 1.541E-07 720 1.797E-07 730 2.546E-07 740 1.772E-07 750 1.728E-07 760 2.017E-07 770 1.375E-07 780 1.907E-07

QTc

(from Page, 1986)

10 km0

limits of Kern River Alluvial Fan System

Quaternary alluvium Qlc Quaternary lacustrine clays

Tm Tertiary marine depositsQf Quaternary fluvial (stream) deposits

QTc

terminalbasin

Bakersfield

Arch

Project Area

modern Kern River

fan apex

Figure S1.Location Map of Project Area and surrounding features discussed in the text. Bakersfield Arch is a broad, low-amplitude structural upwarp that has been active throughout most of the TertiaryPeriod (past 60-70 Myr).

Sierra Nevada

Coast Ranges

0

200

400

600

800

1000 10-710-6

Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (m3/kg)0 5 10 15

[As] loosely bound in bulk sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8Total organic matter (%)

5 10 15 20[As] in groundwater (ppb)

Dep

th in

Wel

l (fb

gs)

increasing iron reduction

increasing availabilityof organic carbon

As available for solution

lacustrine delta depositional environment

alluvial fandepositional environment

LsC

us2

Figure S2. Geochemical data from Well T30SR25E23H. Depth range of hypothesized LsCus2 prograding lacustrine delta unit is represented by shaded region. Elevated groundwater and sediment arsenic are found at base of LsCus2. The high values of total organic carbon found with the LsCus2 unit are indicative of anoxic, reducing geochemical conditions. Extremely low values of magnetic susceptibility suggests that the iron reduction phase of the LsCus2 reducing environment was completed and that reduction may have progressed to the sulfate reduction phase perhaps resulting in the precipitation of arsenic-bearing pyrites. Dissolution of pyrite in subsequent oxidizing conditions could release arsenic into the groundwater. See also Fig. 3.2.2, 3.3.2, 3.3.7.4, 3.3.9.2 and related discussions in the text.

a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

Figure 2.2.1. Contour maps based on water levels measured in monitoring wells in the Kern Water Bank. a) 1994, b) 1995, c) 1996, d) 1997, e) 1998 and f) 1999. Data supplied by the Kern County Water Agency.

Figure 2.2.2. Location of oil wells with logs used in the project. Bold numbers above well symbol are well numbers (California water well numbering system). Plain text is log depth used by the study.

C1

N 2 miles

I-5

Enos

Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

Figure 2.2.3. Well coverage of completed database. Blue filled circles represent wells with electric logs. Open green squares indicate the eight wells with grab samples measured for magnetic susceptibility. All additional analyses were done on grab samples from two of these (T30S R25E Sect23H and T30S R25E Sect24K) indicated by open green circles. Outline of Kern Water Bank (KWB) is shown in red.

Q1P1

KWB

Figure 3.1.1. Sample electric logs from two wells ~one-half mile apart in the Kern Water Bank. Higher resistivity is presumed to indicate coarser grains and/or less clay content. Intervals with resisistivities consistently above 20 ohm-m were identified as sand intervals, and low resistivity intervals as silts/clays (e.g., “C2” shown above). A composite unit defined by a coarsening upward signature was also mapped. Once defined, tops and bottoms of units were picked on the electric logs yielding two sets of depth (z) data for each unit that corresponded to the map locations (x.y) of all wells in which the particular unit was found. The resultant sets of tops/bottoms and thicknesses were contoured for each unit in structure and isochore maps (Fig. 3.2.1 and 3.2.2).

T30R25S13F1T30R25S14K1

C2 clay unit

coarsening-upward unit

SeaLevel

C1 Bottom

C1 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

C1 Top

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1a. Structure maps of top and bottom of C1 fine-grained unit (top two maps) and C1 isochore map. Contour interval is 50 ft. The C1 designation is restricted to fine-grained units with top elevations between 150 and 300 fasl. Structure maps show elevation relative to sea level for the top and bottom of the unit. Isochore map shows true vertical thickness of the unit. Red dots and adjacent numbers show location of wells containing C1 unit and either structural elevation or isochore value.

C2 Top

C2 Bottom

C2 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1b. Structure maps of top and bottom of C2 fine-grained unit (top two maps) and C2 isochore map. The C2 designation is restricted to fine-grained units with top elevations between 0 and 150 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

C3 Top

C3 Bottom

C3 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1c. Structure maps of top and bottom of C3 fine-grained unit (top two maps) and C3 isochore map. The C3 designation is restricted to fine-grained units with top elevations between–150 and 0 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

C4 Top

C4 Bottom

C4 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1d. Structure maps of top and bottom of C4 fine-grained unit (top two maps) and C4 isochore map. The C4 designation is restricted to fine-grained units with top elevations between –300 and –150 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

C5 Top

C5 Bottom

C5 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1e. Structure maps of top and bottom of C5 fine-grained unit (top two maps) and C5 isochore map. The C5 designation is restricted to fine-grained units with top elevations between –450 and –300 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

D1 Top

D1 Bottom

D1 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1f. Structure maps of top and bottom of D1 coarse-grained unit (top two maps) and D1 isochore map. The D1 designation is restricted to coarse-grained units with top elevations between 150 and 300 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a. Note that the top boundary of this unit was only observed in a few wells. Thus the D1 Top and D1 Thickness maps are based on very few data.

D2 Top

D2 Bottom

D2 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1g. Structure maps of top and bottom of D2 coarse-grained unit (top two maps) and D2 isochore map. The D2 designation is restricted to coarse-grained units with top elevations between 0 and 150 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

D3 Top

D3 Bottom

D3 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1h. Structure maps of top and bottom of D3 coarse-grained unit (top two maps) and D3 isochore map. The D3 designation is restricted to coarse-grained units with top elevations between –150 and 0 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

D4 Top

D4 Bottom

D4 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1i. Structure maps of top and bottom of D4 coarse-grained unit (top two maps) and D4 isochore map. The D4 designation is restricted to coarse-grained units with top elevations between –300 and –150 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

D5 Top

D5 Bottom

D5 Thickness

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

I-5 Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

thicker

thinner

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

2 mi0

N

Figure 3.2.1j. Structure maps of top and bottom of D5 coarse-grained unit (top two maps) and D5 isochore map. The D5 designation is restricted to coarse-grained units with top elevations between –450 and –300 fasl. Map details are identical to those of Figure 3.2.1a.

0 3 mi

I-5

Eno

s Ln

Kern River

Elk Hills

LsCus2 Top

0 3 mi

I-5

Eno

s Ln

Kern River

Elk Hills

LsCus2 Bottom

Figure 3.2.2. Structure contour maps on the top (upper diagram) and bottom (lower diagram) of the LsCus2 (Large-Scale, Coarsening-Upward 2) sedimentary sequence. Isochore (aka, thickness) contour map is on the following page. Contour labels are elevations in feet relative to mean sea level. Note that, in this figure, the contour fill colors for both structure maps are tied into the same absolute elevation scale. Thus, “deep” elevations for the “Top of LsCus2” map are similar in color to the “shallow” elevations for the “Bottom” map. Landmarks shown are the same as those in Fig. 3.2.1. A broad, low-elevation feature roughly follows the modern course of the Kern River and then takes a sharp turn southward toward the location of the modern Buena Vista Lake terminal basin. This observation plus the lower relief exhibited by the “Top” relative to the “Bottom” is support the hypothesis that the LsCus2 unit is a sublacustrine delta deposit prograding SSW-ward into a more extensive, ancestral Buena Vista Lake terminal basin (Fig. S1).

deep

shallow

deep

shallow

KWB

0 3 mi

I-5

Eno

s Ln

Kern River

Elk Hills thick

est p

art o

f

prog

radin

g delt

a

depo

sit

LsCus2 Isochore

0 3 mi

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWBKern River

Elk Hills

faults (hash marks are on down-dropped side of fault and show direction of fault dip

+

>100

50-100

5-50µg/l

[As][As]

Upthr

own B

lock

Downd

ropp

ed

Block

LsCus2 Isochore

Figure 3.2.2 (cont.). Isochore (aka, thickness) contour map of the LsCus2 (Large-Scale, Coarsening-Upward 2) sedimentary sequence (upper diagram) and same map with normal faults mapped in the underlying San Joaquin Formation and overlain color-filled contour map of anomalous groundwater arsenic concentrations (lower diagram). The thickest part of the LsCus2 deposit occupies a downdropped, faulted block. Note also that the few anomalous arsenic concentrations associated with the Kern Water Bank are closely associated with greater thicknesses of the LsCus2 prograding delta deposit.

thicker

thinner

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

I-5

Eno

s Ln

KWB Kern River

Elk Hills

Zone 1 (>150 fasl)

Zone 2 (sl to 150) Zone 3 (-150 to sl)

Zone 4 (-300 to -150) Zone 5 (< -300)

all zones

Figure 3.2.3. Sand percentage maps. Contour interval is 20%. 80-100%60-80%40-60%20-40%0-20%

Figure 3.2.4. 3-D model of Kern Water Bank region by Dave Bean of Geomatrix Consultants, Inc. using Rockworks™ software. This model was built from the “C” and “D” units shown in Fig. 3.2.2. Numerical values of 100 and 1 were assigned to all 3-D grid cells within the sand and clays layers, respectively, and then transitional values were interpolated throughout the rest of the grid. The locations of the Kern Water Bank boundaries and Interstate 5 are shown on the top of the models in light grey. Depth is with respect to mean sea level. Vertical exaggeration is 50X. Horizontal scale ~ 1in = 32,000ft.

sandier

moreclay-rich

Top view from SW

Top view from NE

200

-200

-400

0

200

-200

-400

0

Ele

vatio

n (ft

)E

leva

tion

(ft)

KWBI-5

sandier

moreclay-rich Base

Top

Figure 3.2.5. Horizontal slices through 3-D volume of Figure 3.2.4. Elevation of slice in feet above sea level is shown in lower right hand corner. Outline of Kern Water Bank (KWB) properties are shown with grey solid lines. Interstate 5 is shown with dashed line. Perimeter containing well control is shown with dotted line.

I-5

KWB

I-5

KWB

-400

-540

I-5

KWB

-200

I-5

KWB

sea level

I-5

KWB

200230

100

I-5

KWB

I-5

KWB

-300

I-5

KWB

-100

I-5

KWB

-500

I-5

KWB

Arsenic in Exchangeable Fractionof Sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Depth (ft)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Well 23HWell 24K

Arsenic in Carbonate Fractionof Sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Well 23HWell 24K

Arsenic in Fe-Mn Oxide Fractionof Sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Well 23HWell 24K

Arsenic in Organic Matter Fractionof Sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Depth (ft)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Well 23HWell 24K

Arsenic in Extractable Fractions of Sediment - Cumulative (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ResidualOrganic MatterFe-Mn OxidesCarbonatesExchangeable

Well 23H

Arsenic in Residual Fractionof Sediment (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Well 23HWell 24K

Arsenic in Extractable Fractions of Sediment - Cumulative (ppm)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Depth (ft)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ResidualOrganic MatterFe-Mn OxidesCarbonatesExchangeable

Well 24K

Figure 3.3.2. Sequential extractions data. a) arsenic in the exchangeable fraction of sediments from wells 23H and 24K. b) arsenic in the carbonate fraction of sediments from wells 23H and 24K. c) arsenic in the Fe- and Mn-oxide fraction of sediments from wells 23H and 24K. d) arsenic in the organic matter fraction of sediments from wells 23H and 24K. e) Sequential extractions - arsenic in the residual fraction of sediments from wells 23H and 24K. This fraction includes primary silicate minerals and sulfide minerals. f) Cumulative arsenic concentrations in all sediment fractions from sequential extractions of sediments from well 23H. g) Cumulative arsenic concentrations in all sediment fractions from sequential extractions of sediments from well 24K.

a b c

d e f

g

7.34 ppb

11.81 ppb

12.93 ppb

11.44 ppb

16.03 ppb

11.93 ppb

15.54 ppb

15.29 ppb

18.13 ppb

14.73 ppb

35.46 ppb

ArsenicDepth

190 ft bgs

780 ft bgs

Pumping

Figure 3.3.3.1: The Stiff diagrams are from water samples collected from KWB well 23H during the non-pumping and pumping sampling event. The non-pumping water samples were collected using Welenco’s depth-specific wire line sampling tool and are in decending order. The depths are feet below ground surface (ft bgs). The sample collected during pumping marked as ‘Pumping’ in the column on the right. The average total arsenic value for each sample is included to the left of each Stiff diagram.

Total Arsenic in Groundwater (ppb)0 5 10 15 20 25

Dep

th (f

t)0

200

400

600

800

HydraSleeveTM SamplesWire Line Samples

Figure 3.3.3.2. Total arsenic concentrations in well 23 H under non-pumping conditions. Analyses of samples acquired with Hydrasleeve sampler and with wire line depth specific sampler are shown.

Q

F L

Legend

23H Wackes

24K Wackes23H Arenites

24K Arenites

N =66

Figure 3.3.5.1. Composition of the coarse fraction of sands from the Kern Water Bank. Q = monocrystalline, polycrystalline and lithic quartz, F = total feldspars (includes lithic feldspars), L = fine-grain lithics (mainly shale clasts). Plotted following the methodology of Dickinson (1970); lithic quartz and lithic feldspars are crystals in microphanerites and phenocrysts in volcanic grains.

Figure 3.3.7.1. SEM backscattered-electron image of fine-grain sediment from well 23H, depth 550 feet. The bright spots are mostly framboidal pyrite, although a few cubic pyrite crystals are also present

Figure 3.3.7.2. SEM backscattered-electron image showing spherical framboids composed of authigenic octahedral pyrite crystals from Well 23H, depth 690 ft.

Figure 3.3.7.3. SEM image showing octahedral crystals of authigenic pyrite in matrix of detrital clays from Well 23H, depth 550 ft. Dissolution textures are indicated by arrows.

Figure 3.3.7.4. SEM image of authigenic pyrite from well 23H, depth 550 ft. showing close-up of dissolution textures.

0 50 1000

sand

silt

clay

percent clayWell 302524K

50percent sand

100 0

Figure 3.3.8.1. Sand/silt/clay percentage diagrams and short-normal electric logs for Wells T30R25S23H and T30R25S24K. At each depth, the width of pattern/color representing sand, silt, and clay represent their percentages at that depth. For example, at a depth of 400 fbgs in Well 23H, there is 30% clay, 70% silt, and no sand; at a depth of 700 fbgs in Well 24K, there is 100% sand. Note that resistivity increases to the left on the electric logs to facilitate comparison withpercent sand in percentage diagrams. The symbol “gr*” indicates the presence of gravels and very coarse sands.

0 50 1000

500

1000

sand

silt

clay

Dep

th (f

bgs)

percent clayWell 302523H

100 50 0percent sand

100 20 10resistivity (Ω-m)

100 20 10resistivity (Ω-m)

“san

d”“s

hale

”

“san

d”“s

hale

”

gr* gr*

Figure 3.3.8.2. Grain-size (light curves) and electrical resistivity (bold curves) of Kern Water Bank sediments from Well 23H. a) Visual grain-size index and electrical resisitivity vs. depth. Resistivity (bold curve) values are an average of 20 downhole, electric log measurements taken every 0.5 ft with a short normal array. The averaging window is centered on the depth of the grab sample from which the corresponding visual grain-size index was obtained. Grab samples were collected every 10 ft. Visual grain-size was calculated from visual assignments of sand/silt/clay% of grab samples using the Wentworth scale. This method is better suited to discern details in the samples with coarser grain-size distributions. b) Mean grain-size of finer fraction and electrical resisitivity vs. depth for the depth interval with the finest grained sediments. Resistivity values are an average of 40 downhole electric log measurements taken every 0.5 ft. The averaging window is centered on the depth of the grab sample from which the corresponding mean grain-size measurements were obtained. After sieving to 180 microns, the grain-size distribution of splits from every other grab sample was measured in a Micromeritics 5100 X-Ray sedigraph. This method is better suited to discern details in the samples with finer grain-size distributions.Note that, in both cases, higher electrical resistivity generally corresponds to larger grain-size.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

300

400

500

600

Mean grain-size of <180µ fraction (µ)

Resistivity (Ω-m)

b

0 5 10 15

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Visual grain-size index[sand%/(silt%+clay%)]

Resistivity (Ω-m)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Dep

th b

elow

gro

und

surfa

ce (f

t)

a

Dep

th (f

bgs) 302521D 302514N 302523H 302524K

10-7 10-6

0

200

400

600

800

10-7 10-6 10-7 10-6 10-7 10-6

302617C 302603J 292731P 292731Q

χ (m3/kg)

0

200

400

600

800

Figure 3.3.9.1. Mass-normalized magnetic susceptibility (χ) vs. depth for eight wells from the region of the Kern Water Bank. Wells are arranged from the WSW (upper left) to the ENE (lower right) along a line semiparallel to a radius of the Kern River Alluvial Fan (Figure 2.1.1). The lowest values (~1.0E-07 m3/kg) are observed at intermediate depths (~600-300 fbgs) in the wells from Sections 23 and 34 in Township 30S25E. This may be due to dissolution of ferrimagnetic iron oxides in this interval under reducing conditions (Evans and Heider, 2003, and references therein). The sediments in this interval in these wells are interpreted to have been deposited in the distal part of a lacustrine delta where reducing conditions are likely to occur (Negrini et al., 2005).

10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Mass-Normalized Magnetic SusceptibilityKern Water Bank Region Wells

Susceptibility (m3/kg)

Dep

th b

elow

gro

und

surfa

ce (f

t) Well 23H

Well 24K

Figure 3.3.9.2. Magnetic susceptibility of all wells plotted on one diagram. Note that only the wells within the prograding delta deposit (LsCus2) have the lowest susceptibilities at the depths (~300-600 ft) associated with that deposit. This is likely due to the dissolution of iron oxides under the reducing geochemical conditions expected in lacustrine depositional environments.

Documents

Final Report 4-12-05 final - Kern Water Bankfinal report may 12, 2005 . kern water bank authority and california state university, bakersfield “3-d characterization and monitoring