Final Project Report 3

8/13/2019 Final Project Report 3

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CONTENTS

Receiver Blocks (Details and Schematics)

Receiver SchematicReceiver Waveforms

Transmitter Blocks (Details and Schematics)

Transmitter Schematic

Transmitter Waveforms



LNA D ESIGN

A 2.4GHz LNA utilizing a cascode technique and a simple LC matching network isdesigned.

LNA is the first level of the active receiver circuit; its performance is good or bad has agreat impact on overall performance of the receiver.

Negative feedback source inductance common source low noise amplifier (CS-LNA)because of its noise performance has been widely used.

Input matching network is designed using a simple LC network including external

inductors and the transistor gate-source capacitor (Cgs) matched to 50 OhmsFollowing are the simulation Results in Cadence

S21 – 13.38 dBNoise Figure - 1.48 dBIIP3 (13.47dBm:-8.8dBr



LNA S CHEMATIC



MIXER DESIGN

A Gilbert Cell utilizing CMOS 180nm technology is designed

Following are the frequencies that are chosen. A low pass RC filter is connected at theIF differential outputs.

RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.5GHz, IF = 100MHz

Follow are the simulation results that are observed

A conversion gain of 12.1dB is achieved [based on the transient response low passoutput is 808mV while the RF input is 200mV. Conversion gain is 20*log (VIF/VRF)]

A noise figure of 13.6dB at 100MHz (IF freq) is observed

S-parameters are plotted (S22<-30dB, S11<-10dB, S13<-50dB, S31<-30db, S32<-20dB,S23<-20dB) where RF is port1, IF is port2 and LO is port3



MIXER SCHEMATIC



VCO D ESIGN

A 2.4GHz VCO is designed utilizing a PMOS differential pair on the top of a NMOS crosscoupled pair.

Tuning is achieved using PMOS based transistor varactors. Following are thesimulations results in Cadence

Transient Analysis – Frequency of the two differential outputs O1 and O2 is 2.39GHz

Amplitude at the outputs O1 and O2 is 1.9V

Output Spectrum – When the control voltage is 1V, peak power of -0.7dBm is observedat 2.397 GHz

Output Spectrum – When the control voltage is 1.8V, peak power of -1.17dB is observedat 2.328 GHz

A phase noise of -95.28dBc/Hz is observed at 102.92 KHz offset and a phase noise of -131.63 dBc/Hz is observed at 3.14 MHz



VCO SCHEMATIC



RECEIVER



RECEIVER D ESIGN

The single ended output from the LNA is converted to differential using a balun

The differential Outputs from the VCO are connected to the LO+ve and LO-ve terminalsof the mixer

A low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 318MHz is connected at the differentialouputs

Following are the frequencies that are chosen. A low pass RC filter is connected at theIF differential outputs.

RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.3GHz, IF = 100MHzFollowing are the simulations results (Transient Analysis) in Cadence

LNA Output – 110mVpp, 2.4GHz

VCO Output frequency – 2.27GHz

Mixer IF Outputs – 0.85Vpp, 130MHz



RECEIVER SCHEMATIC LNA Mixer VCO



SIMULATION RESULTS – LNA O UTPUT

4mVpp,2.4GHz

RF+ve

RF-ve

110mVpp,

2.4GHz



SIMULATION RESULTS – VCO OUTPUT2.27GHz



SIMULATION RESULTS – MIXER OUTPUT

Before Filter Outputs



SIMULATION RESULTS – MIXER OUTPTUT ( AFTER LOW PASS )

After Filter Outputs

IF1 - IF2

0.85Vpp130MHz



SIMULATION RESULTS – R ECEIVER

RF

LO

IF



TRANSMITTER



CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIER

Calculations:

Gain = 2.79

Pout = (23.96)*(23.96)*50 = 28.7mW

Pin = 48.2.*1.8 = 86.76mW

Efficiency (n) = Pout/Pin = 33.1%

PN = Pout/(VDSpk*iDmax) = 28.7/(3.55*74.11) = 0.109

Where PN is the normalized output power capability



CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIER - SCHEMATIC



TRANSMITTER D ESIGN

The output of the mixer is connected to the Class A power amplifier

The differential Outputs from the VCO are connected to the LO+ve and LO-ve terminalsof the mixer

Following are the frequencies that are chosen.

RF = 2.4GHz, LO = 2.3GHz, IF = 100MHz

Following are the simulations results (Transient Analysis) in Cadence

IF inputs – 0.5Vpp, 100MHz

VCO Output frequency – 2.3GHz

Power Amplifier Output – 2.35Vpp, 2.4GHz



TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC VCO Mixer Class A PA



TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC (MODIFIED WITH FILTER )VCO Mixer Class A PA

Filter





SIMULATION RESULTS – VCO O UTPUT

2.3GHz



SIMULATION RESULTS – MIXER O UTPUT

MIXER OUTPUT





QUESTIONS ???

Thank You

Documents

Final Project Report 3