G RA M M A R I I

FINAL PROJECT

By: Alejandra Benavides

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PHRASAL VERBS

• Phrasal Verbs are very common; the meaning of a phrasal verb is usually very different from the meaning of the verb alone. Also, some phrasal verbs are intransitive (they cannot take an object); but the majority are transitive (they take an object).

• http://www.curso-ingles.com/phrasal-verb.php

 

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• There is a huge list of phrasal verbs.  When you speak English you must use phrasal verbs in order to improve your vocabulary.

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PHRASAL VERBS

• If you want to know all the phrasal verbs you must memorize it, there is no other way. However, it is so boring but there a lot of easy and funny ways that can help you to memorize it.

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ACTIVITY #1

• 1.    This is an educational game. It is a very good for practice phrasal verbs. You can play with another person in order to get more fun. You have to know the phrasal verb that works in each sentence if your answer is correct, you will win points. The person who wins the game is the person with more points.

• http://www.eslgamesplus.com/phrasal-verbs-catapult/

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ACTIVITY #2

• 2.   Every body likes listening music. So looking for a song that has phrasal verbs is another easy technique to study it. 

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKCGBv65w_M

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REFLECTION

• Phrasal verbs are one of the most difficult topic for my, because there are too much. It is so boring to study it. However, during this course we practiced and made some activities that helped me to memorize some phrasal verbs. Now I know that there are easier ways to practice and study this topic.

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CONDITIONALS

Conditionals describe the result that might happen or might have happened but did not.

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THERE ARE FOUR KINDS • The zero conditional: This conditional is used

when the result will always happen.

( if + simple present, … simple present )Example:

If people eat too much, they get fat.

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THE FIRST CONDITIONAL

• (If + simple present, … will + infinitive) : It is used to talk about things which might happen in the future.

Example :

If I take my umbrella, I won't get wet.

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THE SECOND CONDITIONAL • ( If + simple past, … would + infinitive )

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true or we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible.

Example: If I won the lottery , I would buy a golden retriever.

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THE THIRD CONDITIONAL

• (If + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle):

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.Example:

If I had had time, I would have gone to the party.

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ACTIVITIES

• http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-conditionals.php#.VI9jyouG-So

• Past unreal conditional:

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional4.htm

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REFLETION

• As a result this course, I learned how to use conditionals in a correct way. Before this course I did not use this topic in a conversation, now, I can use It even I can explain this topic to another person who does not understand it.

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REPORTED SPEECH

• We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe.

• When we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks (“I work in a bank”), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.)

• In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.

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EXAMPLES

•  Direct speech: “I travel a lot in my job” Reported speech: He said that he travelled a lot in his job.

• The present simple tense (I travel) usually changes to the past simple (he travelled) in reported speech.

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MODALS VERBS ALSO CHANGE

• Example

Can you help me paint the kitchen.She asked me if I could help her paint the kitchen.

Subject and object pronouns change

I will give it to you soonHe said he would give it to me soon

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REFERENCES TO PARTICULAR TIMES ALSO CHANGE

• The books will be delivered tomorrow

• She said the books would be delivered the next day

Word orders changesWhat are you doing this weekend?He asked me what we were doing this weekend.

Use if when reporting yes/no question Did you enjoy the movie?He asked me if I had enjoyed the movie.

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ACTIVITY

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-reported-speech.php#.VI9mAIuG-So

VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quXqD18XA2Q

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REFLECTION

• It was one of the topics which I did not know how to use it, after practiced a lot in class with my classmates I understood and now I know how to say something that another person already said.

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• An embedded question is a question that is included inside another question or statement. They are common after introductory phrases, such as:

• I wonderCould you tell meDo you knowCan you rememberLet's askWe need to find outI'd like to knowCould you tell meI'm not sureWould you mind explaining

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• If the embedded question is part of a statement, use a period and not a question mark at the end of the sentence. Also, if the question is in the present or past simple verb tense, omit the auxiliary verbs do, does, and did and change the verb to its appropriate form.

Direct Question What time did he leave?Embedded Question I wonder what time he left.

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• If the embedded question includes an auxiliary verb or the verb "to be", reverse the positions of the subject and the auxiliary verb.

Direct Question What did he say?

Embedded Question Could you tell me what he said?

Direct Question Can you help me?

Embedded Question I wonder if you could help me.

Direct Question Is he a doctor?

Embedded Question Do you know if he is a doctor?

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• Do not use a verbal contraction at the end of the sentence.

Direct Question Where is she?

Correct Embedded Question Do you know where he is?

Incorrect Embedded Question Do you know where he's?

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• Embedded questions are introduced by whether, whether or not, and if when there is no question word in the sentence (yes/no questions).

Direct Yes/No Question Will he be there?

Embedded Question

Do you know if he will be there?Do you know whether or not he will be there?Do you know whether he will be there or not?

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EMBEDDED QUESTION

• The infinitive can follow a question word or whether in embedded questions

Direct Question What should I do?

Embedded Question Please tell me what I should do.

Embedded Question with an Infinitive

Please tell me what to do.

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ACTIVITY

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=7875#a

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Reflection

It was a new topic for me, so at the beginning I was so confused. However, after made practice in class I could understand. Now, I know when and how are embedded question used.

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PASSIVE VOICE

• Use passive forms when who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant, or to put new information or longer expression later in the sentences.

The dog was found three days after it went missing.

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PASSIVE VOICE

• FORM: Verb to be + past participle

This table is reserved for Hong Kong people.

As the emphasis is on the table, we start the sentence with ‘This table’ to attract readers’ attention to the receiver of the action.

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EXAMPLE

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ACTIVITY

• http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-present

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REFLECTION

• Passive voice is not as difficult as it looks. We practiced a lot this topic, so I can understand how it is used. Now if I read a book I can recognize a sentence that has a passive voice.

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GRAMMAR II2014