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Paper about Elizabethan Era and Victorian Age
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Universidad Nacional
Chorotega Head Office
Campus Liberia
Bachelor in Teaching English
Diacrony of English Language
Research Paper
Professor
David Villalobos Betancourt
Student
Randall Alvarado Navarro
II Semester
2009
The Elizabethan Era and the Victorian Age
As we know, English has faced different steps in order to be in the way we
know and talk it. It has passed different ages, epochs and centuries to become one
of the most important languages around the world.
Some centuries ago, English was not considered as important as we consider
right now. Actually, it was spoken by the minority of the people, though. The
plebeians were the ones who spoke this language. On the other hand, the royalty
was the unique that talked French, considering this language more pure and finer
than English.
Moreover, English has influenced many eras and stages of the world. It has
introduced some new words to the lexicon of the people. Consequently, we can
say that English is an important part of the history of the Earth.
This language has introduced new meanings. Also, there are some important
people that have helped in the process of understanding and learning words
worldwide.
We can mention plenty of important events that have happened in the history
of English language, but the idea of this paper is just to mention tow of them.
Moreover, it can be shown a timeline in which represents some events that have
happened.
source: benortiz.com
It was chosen the Elizabethan Age because it is considered so important to
talk about an incredible woman that did many important things in England. It is
amazing because it was a hard era in which men governed everything. So, it is
kind of awesome that the “weak sex” could do things in favor of a country. This
event is relevant in a patriarchal era.
Before writing about the Elizabethan Age, it is important to mention who
Elizabeth was. Elizabeth was a popular Queen, and considered one of the best
loved monarchs, and one of the most admired rulers of all time. She became a
legend in her own existence. She had remarkable abilities and achievements.
Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.
She was born on 7 September 1533 at Greenwich Palace. (From:
http://www.elizabethi.org/us/biography.html). Elizabeth did finally succeed to the
throne on November, 17th 1558. Furthermore, she was crowned Queen on Sunday
15th January 1559. In the months that followed, the new Queen re-established the
Protestant Church in England and restored the debased coinage.
This is a picture of Elizabeth I, the Queen.
Picture borrowed from www.elizabethi.org
As it was mentioned before, Elizabethan Age was so important because, first
of all, it was considered and called the Golden Age in English history. By this age,
the Renaissance was the most relevant of the events that were happening. In
addition, this era was important because in this era, many of the poetry, music and
literature came out. Musicians were called Waitz, which played instruments like
fiddles, lutes, recorders, and small percussion instruments. On the other hand, this
era gave to the world one of the most important and well-known writers: William
Shakespeare.
During the period of the Elizabethan Age, it existed a long period of peace
among the countries, mainly the battles between Protestant and Catholics and the
battles between the parliament and the monarchy, too.
Additionally, this age brought to English new words that started using since that time. Some
of these new words were:
Word Appearing
gardens This awakening took especially firm root
in Elizabethan England, which notably
developed the idea that gardens were
for enjoyment and delight
theatre These conditions improved
considerably during Elizabeth’s reign,
when, in 1574, regular weekday
performances were legitimized and
when, in 1576, the first playhouse was
built, by James Burbage.
soliloquy ...convention, especially in the theatre
of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries
Source: www.britannica.com
These are some words and characteristics of the language by the
Elizabethan Age:
‘gong’. The Elizabethan word ‘gong’ meant dung. The men whose job was to
empty and dispose of the waste from the privies (toilets) were called ‘Gong
Farmers’!
The Elizabethan alphabet contained 24 letters, as opposed to the present day
alphabet of 26 letters
In the Elizabethan alphabet the letters “u” and “v” were the same letter as were and
“i” and “j”
The “j” was usually used as the capital form of the letter “i” in the Elizabethan
alphabet
The letter “u” was used only in the middle of a word, and the “v” was used at the
beginning!
Another letter which resembled a “y” was used to represent the “th” sound. The
word “the” was therefore written in a similar way as “ye” would in the modern day
The written form of Elizabethan Numbers also cause confusion in translation
Numbers were frequently written in lower case Roman numerals, with the last “i” in
a number written as a “j”. For example – viij March
Source: www.elizabethan-era.org.
On the other hand, we have Victorian Literature. This happening was so
relevant in the English development. It brought new points of view, new writing
genres and also, new artists. Novels became popular by this era.
Victorian Literature was produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-
1901). In this era, most writers were now more concerned to meet the tastes of a
large middle class reading public than to please aristocratic patrons. In here, we
can mention some of the most significant writers: The Bronte sisters, Thomas
Hardy, Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth
Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and Christina Rossetti.
Victorian literature is characterized by a strong sense of morality, and it frequently
champions the broken.
Queen VictoriaPicture borrowed from victorian.fortunecity.com
The following is the timeline of this epoch.
19th Century English Timeline
1800 Battle of Hohenlinden (end of French Revolutionary Wars)
1804 Napoleon crowned Emporer
1805 Battle of Trafalgar
1812 Napoleon's retreat from Russia
1815 Battle of Waterloo
1819 Peterloo Massacre
1820 Death of George III
1830 Death of George IV
1832 British votes extend to middle-class males
1837 Accession of Queen Victoria
1844 First Factory Act limits working hours
1848 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood forms
1854 Crimean War begins
1856 End of Crimean War
1859 On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is published
1861 Consort to Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, dies
1867 Vote extends to working-class males
1876 Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India
1880-1 First Boer War
1887 Golden Jubilee
1897 Diamond Jubilee
1899-1902 Second Boer War
1901 Death of Queen Victoria
Source: http: victorian.fortunecity.com
In this era, most of the novels and poems have a special characteristic. They were
written in a kind of dark side. They author mentioned the death constantly. They
referred to spiritual things too. They also referred to some experiences and some
of the events that were happening at this time. There is an example of a poem
written by Robert Buchanan called The Bookworm.
The Bookworm
With spectacles upon his nose, He shuffles up and down;
Of antique fashion are his clothes, His napless hat is brown.
A mighty watch, of silver wrought, Keeps time in sun or rain
To the dull ticking of the thought Within his dusty brain.
To see him at the bookstall stand And bargain for the prize,
With the odd sixpence in his hand And greed in his gray eyes!
Then, conquering, grasp the book half blind,
And take the homeward track,For fear the man should change his
mind, And want the bargain back!
The waves of life about him beat, He scarcely lifts his gaze,
He hears within the crowded street The wash of ancient days.If ever his short-sighted eyes Look forward, he can see
Vistas of dusty Libraries Prolonged eternally.
But think not as he walks along His brain is dead and cold;
His soul is thinking in the tongue Which Plato spake of old;
And while some grinning cabman sees
His quaint shape with a jeer,He smiles, — for Aristophanes
Is joking in his ear.
Around him stretch Athenian walks, And strange shapes under trees;
He pauses in a dream and talks Great speech, with Socrates.
Then, as the fancy fails — still mesh'd
In thoughts that go and come — Feels in his pouch, and is refresh'd
At touch of some old tome.
The mighty world of humankind Is as a shadow dim,
He walks through life like one half blind,
And all looks dark to him;But put his nose to leaves antique,
And hold before his sightSome press'd and withered flowers of
Greek, And all is life and light.
A blessing on his hair so gray, And coat of dingy brown!
May bargains bless him every day, As he goes up and down;
Long may the bookstall-keeper's face,
In dull times, smile again,To see him round with shuffling pace
The corner of the lane!
A good old Ragpicker is he, Who, following morn and eve
The quick feet of Humanity, Searches the dust they leave.
He pokes the dust, he sifts with care, He searches close and deep;
Proud to discover, here and there, A treasure in the heap!
(From London Poems, 1866-70) Source: www.victorianweb.org
As we can see, this poem has a dark point of view, with some black
metaphors that can confuse the readers. Even though, Victorian Literature is so
interesting and exciting because some of them have fantastic features that can
transport the reader to an inexistence world, full of werewolves, vampires and
death people. Also, this kind of literature is a good representation of the culture that
people had in the period and it also showed all the problematic they had to face.
Consequently, if we see at the past, we can notice that English language has
changed a lot. Thanks to the eras or ages mentioned before, English has
increased because both ages have given to the language new words, meanings,
word order and some grammatical features that we are using now.
Probably, if we study deeply the structure of these ages, it is going to be a
huge work because there are many information about everything: religion, politics,
people, customs, food, and so on.