Final Paper format ROBE .docx

7/28/2019 Final Paper format ROBE .docx

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RESEARCH TITLE

Dela Cruz, Juan D.3, and Go-Belmonte, Betty C.

3

Asst. Prof. Louie Ian B. Mariano, MEN, RChE1,2

1

Assistant Professor, Natural Science Area College of Liberal Arts and Science, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, IntramurosManila

2Master of Science in Environmental Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology

3Bachelor of Science in Psychology

ABSTRACT

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Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm.

dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-related problems if used for

domestic purposes. Khsjvnjshfionshfoihefnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8

oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk.Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-related

problems if used for domestic purposes. Khsjvnjshfionsh. Foihefnnfo. Ahfoial.

jkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufims.

kdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs

described to be unsafe and may cause health-relate Khsjvnjsh.

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Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm.

dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cau Khsjvnjshfionshfoih.

efnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf.

Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs

described to be unsafe and may cause health-related problems if used for domestic purposes.se

health-related problems if used for domestic purposes.d problems if used for domestic purposes.

Keywords: shallow groundwater well, detection limit, water quality standards, Intramuros, illegal settlers

INTRODUCTION

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfff

b other toxndfjic constituents. According to the

Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water

1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either

dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow

which have sanitary protective measures such as

concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm

epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow

pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts,mgopiw0kt

much of the area of the NCR extending beneath the

bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001)

dfgnmdvblkmdskfgm focus of consideration

by many researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al.,

1984; Hyelnisdfkjljasklndflkakldfalkndfoaiefnklnfoiw

as pit latrines mostly located sfgjsdfolknear water

source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfff

b other toxndfjic constituents. According to the








much of

thedfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb

other toxndfjic constituents. According to the





Research Title: Calibri Type-16-Centered

Name of Researchers: Calibri Type 14 Centere

Superscripts: Calibri Type 9 - Centered

ABSTRACT

Indention: 1.5 x 1.5

Font Type: Calibri

Font Size: 10

Spacing: Before = 0 pt

After = 0 pt

Line Spacing: Single

JUSTIFIED

INTRODUCTION, METHODODLOGY, RESULTS

AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION

Column: 2

Indention per paragraph: 0.5

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MATERIALS AND METHOD

Sampling sites

The study was carried out in the area of

General Luna dfkojsdfvons vnsojdfosjdkf

nsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents.

According to the Philippine National Standards forDrinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is

borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk

eep or shallow which have sanitary protective

measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe

dsfgsgsfgjm epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco

pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9 ie0kts,mgo

piw0kt much of the area of the NCR extending

beneath the bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al

2001)




eep or shallow which have sanitary protectivemeasures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe

dsfgsgsfgjm the NCR extending beneath the bed of

Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001)sfgjsdfolknear

water source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

feces and other solid wastes were noticeable near

the groundwater well during the time of sampling.

Figure 1. Map of Brgy. 658, Intramuros Manila

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Physico-Chemical Analyses

The physico-chemical analyses of the water

sample are presented in Table 1. Dfkojsdf

vonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic

constituents. According to the Philippine

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other

toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine

National Standards for Drinking Water 1993

(PNSDW), protected well is borehole either






much of the area of the NCR extendingemente,et al

2001)such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

Table 1. Physico-Chemical Analyses

PARAMETERWHO, Drinking Water

Quality

pH

Nitrate, mg/L 50

Orthophosphate, mg PO43-

/L 5

Total Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L

Fluoride, mg/L 1.5

Cadmium, mg/L 0.003


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as pit latrines mostly located sfgjsdfolknear water

source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

gdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have

sanitary protective measures such as concrete

apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm

Table 2. Bacteriological Analyses

No. of Positive Tubes

(out of 5 tubes) MPN Index per 100 mL

100

10-1

10-2

Lauryl Sulfate Broth Sample Presumptive coliform > 16,000

Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth

sampleConfirmed coliform > 16,000

EC Broth Sample Fecal coliform = 16,000

Fluorocult Brila Broth Sample Confirmed E. coli = 2200

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the






much of the area of the NCR extending beneath the

bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001)

dfgnmdvblkmdskfgm focus of consideration by many

researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al., 1984;

CONCLUSION

The physico-chemical analyses of the water sample

are presented in Table 1. Dfkojsdf

vonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic

constituents. According to the Philippine

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other

toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine

National Standards for Drinking Water 1993

(PNSDW), protected well is borehole either





pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts

REFERENCES

A.A. Balkema, 2004. Urban Groundwater Pollution,

Volume 24 of IAH international contributions to

hydrogeology

Adejuwon, Joseph O*. and Adeniyi, David O. 2011Pollution effect of pit latrines on shallow wells at

Isale-Igbehin community, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Journal

of Geology and Mining Research Vol. 3(8), pp. 211-

218, August 2011. Available online

http://www.academicjournals.org/JGMR

Akaahan, Terngu J., Oluma, Hyacinth O. A. and

Sha.Ato, Rufus. Physico-chemical and Bacteriological

Quality of Water from Shallow Wells in Two Rural

Communities in Benue State, Nigeria. Pak. J. Anal.

Environ. Chem. Vol. 11, No. 1 (2010) 73.78. Available

from:

http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Journal%2011%20No%201/73-78.pdf

Ayanlaja SA, Kehinde- Philips OO, Ogunkola F, Dada

B, Senjobi B (2005). Quality of water from hang dug

wells, boreholes and streams in 2 localities in south

western Nigeria. Implication of the 4th

international

groundwater quality conference, waterloo, Canadian

IAHS Publication, 47: 97-108.

Connecticut Department of Health et. al. (2007).

Presence of Total Coliform or Fecal Coliform/ E. coli

Bacteria in the Water Supply At Food Service

Establishments. Available from:

Whelan BR, Barrow NJ (1984). Movement of septic

tank effluent through sandy soil near Perth 1.

Movement of Nitrogen. Aust. J. Soil Res., 22(3): 293-

302.

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Final Paper format ROBE .docx