Final MEP (1)

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SDN 603 Sustainable Systems | Final MEP Design

James Chun, Chris Rocco, Kavita Karmarkar November 19, 2013 SDN 603 Sustainable Systems MEP Final

SDN 603 FINAL BUILDING MEP DESIGN Building 2

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Summary

Annual Energy Usage Baseline: Residential building:

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Retail building:

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Sustainable Strategies employed in the design: HVAC:

Day lighting Strategies, Low-e glazing high light to solar gain.

Energy Efficient systems. Split system furnace and AC

Shading devices in summer to reduce heat and light intensity.

Overhang and Brise soleil horizontal blinds east/west

http://www.orble.com/why-use-brise-soleil-systems/

Plumbing and storm water:

Urban trees cleans air (CO2 to oxygen), absorbs water (30% rain absorbed in leaves, 30% in soil

Low flow fixtures. 35.5% water savings

Storm water harvesting for toilets/urinals, Rain Barrel, rain garden, storm water planter, permeable pavers

1,500 gallon tank for toilets

Overflow connects into rain garden

Lighting:

Light colored paint higher albedo reflecting daylight, reduces glare, shadows, uncomfortable brightness ratios

Splayed Edges on Windows reduce contrast brightness of wall and window

Clerestory Windows with light baffles to reflect light

Low-e glazing with high light to solar gain.

Sun valve mechanical smart window. 2 retro reflective panels with gap. Adjusts glare and shading manually (adaptive). Retro reflective liquid pumped in to clear up glass and drained to make transparent.

Boreal Wall Light recycled backing and sand-cast bronze metal work. Hemp shade locally sourced

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) long lasting (~100,000 hours), lower carbon emission. Only about 20% of energy being lost to heat. Lights spaced evenly for uniform lighting

Lights spaced specific distance from windows to have gradual shifts light (black hole effect)

Use of Urban Trees - Honey Locust (Gledistisa tricanthos var. inermis), lowers urban temp.

Filters light. Cooling in summer, leaves lost in winter lets light and heat in

Dimmers and Occupancy Sensors limit light to amount needed, reduces wasting energy empty rooms. (basement storage area, closets, and bathrooms Residential and retail bathrooms)

Photocell sensor for outdoor retail light.

Solatube Smart LED System tubular day lighting device with daylight photocell sensors for LED

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Renewable Energy Sources: PV cells or transparent PV glass: Building integrated Photo Voltaic (BIPV) is a promising new field which allows buildings roofs, walls, even floors to have

PV cells which generate electricity. It ensures that the building generates all the electricity required by itself making it

less dependent on electrical grids. It can be used in places like skylights. Integrating transparent photovoltaics in a

skylight ensures that they offer all the benefits of a skylight and generates electricity as well. The building has a smaller

carbon footprint and the glass can block the harmful UV rays while letting in the visible spectrum.

Residential: (assumptions as per http://www.find-solar.org/?page=solar-calculations) The roof of the top level can be used for installation of PV cells for electricity generation. Roof top area = 600 sq.ft Energy generated = 9 watts per square foot (as general thumb rule) = 600 x 9 = 5400 watts = 5.4 kW Assuming that there is 4 hours average sunlight, total electricity generated = 5.4 x 4 x 365 = 7884 kWh. Electricity usage for the residential building = 21500 kWh. PV panels generate = approx. 36% of the electricity requirements. Retail:

In skylights, transparent/translucent PV glass can be used instead of the conventional glass. Also, the remaining portion of the tilted roof can be used. The roof looks like it is tilted at 45 degrees. This can ensure that at least half of the electricity demands of the retail space are met by the PV cells. Transparent PV glass used as a skylight

Rooftop area = 940 sq.ft Energy generated = 9 watts per square foot (as general thumb rule) = 940 x 9 = 8460 watts = 8.46 kW Assuming that there is 4 hours average sunlight, total electricity generated = 8.46 x 4 x 365 = 12351.6 kWh. Electricity usage for the retail building = 17010 kWh. PV panels generate = approx. 72% of the electricity requirements. Future Possibilities:

The south faade of both the buildings is conjoined to other buildings and hence it

cannot be used for PV installation. The east and west facades can be used for

electricity generation. But, the cost of installation, the payback time, exposure of the

east and west facades to sunlight (usually dependent on the height and position of

surrounding buildings / width of streets) will determine whether it is a venture worth

undertaking.

PV cells installed on a building faade.

HVAC System Design

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Loads: Residential Peak Loads:

Peak Load Heating - 40.191 kbtu/hr Peak Load Cooling - 57.28 kbtuh/hr

Retail Peak Loads: Peak Load Heating - 39.341 kbtuh/hr Peak Load Cooling - 39.133 kbtuh/hr

System Selection: Residential and Retail:

Forced Air Heating with a furnace unit (split system) http://www.residential.carrier.com/products/furnaces/gas/infinity98m.shtml Forced air cooling with ductwork (split system) http://www.residential.carrier.com/products/acheatpumps/ac/infinity.shtml - Furnaces are good for wintertime, very efficient (95% of gas energy into useful heat)

- Split system is versatile to allow for both heating and cooling depending on the setting, allows multiple thermal Zones

Sizing: Residential and Retail:

Forced Air Heating with furnace unit (split system) 60,000 - 120,000 BTUH

Forced air cooling with ductwork (split system) Cooling Capacity (tons) 2-5 tons kbtuh (1 ton = 12 btuh)

Furnace: 35"H x width varies by size: 17.5-24.5" x 30"D AC/Heat Pump (l x w x h): 37 1/8" x 37 1/8" x 46 1/8"

Location: Residential Building:

Indoor Unit - Basement since not used frequently and noise isolated Outdoor Unit - Backyard

Retail Building: Indoor Unit - Next to bathroom with partition created Outdoor Unit - Backyard

Building Exhaust/Ventilation: Residential building:

Exhaust Loads - 520.5 cfm/sq.ft Rooms - Storage, Janitor closet, Garage, Kitchen, All bathrooms

Retail building: Exhaust Load - 100 cfm/ sq.ft Rooms - all bathrooms

System Selection: Residential and Retail:

Energy Recovery Ventilator http://www.residential.carrier.com/products/airquality/ventilators/energy.shtml

HVAC Drawings:

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Residential building:

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Retail building:

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Exhaust System Drawings:

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Lighting Design

Lighting layouts: Residential building

Lighting Controls: Located on a common switch for the whole floor

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Lighting Control:

The entrance hallway and the closet has motion sensors installed which will switch on when the door is opened.

The lights in the garage are two-way operable for user convenience.

The two lights near the window in the room have photo-sensors installed which will increase or decrease the brightness of the light depending on day light.

The lights in the staircase and the passage will be controlled manually from the main switch and also will have control on each floor.

Outdoor lighting:

The light outside the main door and garage door will also have photo-sensors installed in them which will switch on when there is no optimum daylight.

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Lighting Control:

The toilets and the closet has motion sensors installed which will switch on when the door is opened.

The fans in the bedrooms are two-way operable for user convenience.

The lights near the window in the room have photo-sensors installed which will increase or decrease the brightness of the light depending on day light.


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Lighting Control:


The lights near the window in the kitchen (market separately) will have photo-sensors installed which will increase or decrease the brightness of the light depending on day light.


The living room has sola-tubes installed as there is not floor directly above it. These sola-tubes will have photo-sensors which will detect the level of daylight and adapt as required. It will also have a manual switch to switch off when the room is not in use.

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Lighting Control:


All the lights on this floor have sola-tubes as there is no floor above it.

Outdoor lighting:

An outdoor light is installed on both terraces which will have photo-sensors installed in them which will switch on when there is no optimum daylight. Terrace lighting is important from safety point of view. These sola-tubes will have photo-sensors which will detect the level of daylight and adapt as required. It will also have a manual switch to switch off when the room is not in use.

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Plumbing Design

Annual Water Usage: Basic strategy: Use low flow plumbing fixture package Estimated water usage for the building:

Plumbing Fixture Flow Rates: Water use summary: Baseline Case - Annual Water Consumption (gal): 42,294 gallons/year Design Case - Annual Water Consumption (gal): 27,274 gallons/year Total Annual Non-Potable Water Consumption (gal): 0 Total Water Savings: 35.5%

Full time Retail

Male 3 5

Female 3 5

Total 6 10

Baseline Proposed Low Flow Fixtures

Conventional Water Closet 1.6 0.8

Conventional Lavatory 0.5 1.5

Conventional Shower 2.5 1.0

Pantry Sink 2.2 1.5

Janitor Sink 2.5 1.5

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Plumbing fixture selections:

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Storm water Strategy for the building:

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The storm water strategy for the building includes a system where the rain water collected from the roof goes to a rain

barrel. It is stored there for usage. An overflow pipe is connected to the rain garden in the back yard. The rain garden

has aesthetic as well as practical application. An overflow from the rain garden is connected to the city drain pipe.

This system is in sync with the Clean City Green Waters plan which requires all residential structures to capture the first

1 inch of the rain water.

Rainwater collected: The total rainwater from roof to be collected as per the Green City Clean Water for Residential: 44 x 20 x 0.083 = 73.04 cu.ft = 546.34 gallons Retail: 40 x 20 x 0.083 = 66.40 cu.ft = 496.67 gallons (1 inch =0.083 foot and 1 cu.ft = 7.48 gallons) Total water collected = 1043.00 gallons If the rainwater is collected, filtered and reused, then a saving of about 1043 gallons can be done which means a saving of 3%

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Contributions: Kavita Karmarkar Overall design, Lighting diagrams, eQuest modeling, residential ductwork drawing Christopher Rocco Overall design, Storm-water strategies, Plumbing design, ventilation diagrams James Chun Overall design, HVAC layout and Retail ductwork drawing, Lighting strategies, eQuest *The group members worked collaboratively on this project with a co-creative process.

References:

How Responsive Lighting Connects People to Their Environments. PSFK. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. http://www.psfk.com/2013/09/responsive-lighting-environments.html Infinity Series Central Air Conditioner. Carrier. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. http://www.residential.carrier.com/products/acheatpumps/ac/infinity.shtml Infinity 98 Modulating Gas Furnace with Greenspeed Intelligence. Carrier. 20 Nov. 2013. http://www.residential.carrier.com/products/furnaces/gas/infinity98m.shtml Key Trends Driving Lights Emotional Impact. PSFK. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. http://www.psfk.com/2013/10/lighting-design-can-trigger-positive-emotional-responses-future-light.html Lechner, Norbert. Heating, Cooling and Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Print. Light Emitting Diode. Wikipedia. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#Sustainable_lighting Reinvigorating Derelict Spaces Through the Use of Light. PSFK. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. http://www.psfk.com/2013/09/lighting-urban-landscapes.html Smart Glass. Wikipedia. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_glass#Mechanical_smart_windows Smart LED System. Solatube. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. http://www.solatube.com/residential/info-center SunValve. Oyhus.no. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. http://oyhus.no/SunValve/

Solar & Wind Energy Calculations: The (very) Basics Solar Estimate. 12 Dec 2013 http://www.find-solar.org/?page=solar-calculations Colored Photo-voltaic glass Onyx http://www.onyxsolar.com/colored-photovoltaic-glass.html Transparent Photo-voltaic glass Taiyo Kogyo Corporation http://www.taiyokogyo.com/tss/

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Final MEP (1)