Final Life Cycle

8/8/2019 Final Life Cycle

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Development of Development of

MIS MISPresented by:Presented by:- -

SumitSumitZubairZubair



MANAGEMENT INFORMATON MANAGEMENT INFORMATON SYSTEM SYSTEM

An MIS provides managers withinformation and support for effectivedecision making, and provides feedback on

daily operations

Output or reports, are usually generatedthrough accumulation of transaction

processing data

Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which are typically organizedalong functional lines within anorganization



P hases in developing MIS P hases in developing MIS Investigation Pr elimina ry investigation is the fi r st step in thes ystem developing p r oject .

Pr oblem definition Feasibilit y stud y

1. Organizational

2 . Economic3 . Technical4 . Operational



C ontd«C ontd«System analysis

Detailed study of various operations of a businessactivity (system) along with its boundaries .

S ystem anal ysis involves detailed stud y of:1. the information needs of the organization and its end

users .

2 . Existing information systems (their activities,resources and products) .

3 . The expected information system .



C ontd«C ontd«System design

T his phase specifies HOW the system willmeet the information needs of users .

It should st r ess on the following th r eeactivities:

1 . use r inte r face

2 . data design3 . p r ocess design



C ontd«C ontd« Construction

The system is physically created, programs are coded,

Testing debugged and documented .

ImplementationThis phase involves hardware and softwareacquisitions, site preparation, user training and

installation of the system.

MaintenanceHere monitoring, evaluating and modifying are done .



O r ganizationalO r ganizational

Info r mation Info r mationOrganizational information is theOrganizational information is theinformation required by the no . of personnelinformation required by the no . of personnel

departments and divisions or the functionsdepartments and divisions or the functionsin the organization . Such information can bein the organization . Such information can bedetermined by constructing a matrix of determined by constructing a matrix of information versus user .information versus user .



INFORMATIONCLASS

EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION USER

Organisational No. of employees, products,services,locations,etc. Many users at alllevels.

Functional

ManagerialKnowledge

Purchases, sales, Production,technology. The deviations from

the budget, targets, norms etc.Competitors information etc.

Functional headsand other middle

and the topmanagement

Decision SupportStatus information onparticular aspect, eg:

utilisation, requirement versusavailibility. Information onproblem solving etc.

Middle Managementand Operations

Management

OperationalInformation on Production, Sales,

Purchases, Dispatches,Consumptions etc

Operational andManagement

Supervisor,Section

Officers



Functional Manage r ial Functional Manage r ial Info r mation Info r mation ::

The Functional information is definedas a set of information required by the

functional head in conducting theadministration and management of the

function .

This information is used by a manager to plan and control the function





WORK DESIGN:The procedure of the order processing reqires the information of work design . itis the plan of how a work is to be done .

RES P ONSIBILITY:

The managers in the functional areas of management are responsible forachieving the targets and accomplishing the goals and objectives .

FUN C TIONAL OBJE C TIVE:Each functions has its own objectives

which is derived out of the corporate goals .



Determining the information Determining the information

requirementrequirementThe sole purpose of the MIS is to produce such information which willThe sole purpose of the MIS is to produce such information which will

reduce uncertainty risk in a given situation . The difficulty to determine areduce uncertainty risk in a given situation . The difficulty to determine acorrect & complete set of information is on account of the factors givencorrect & complete set of information is on account of the factors given

below :below :

The capability constraint of the human being as an informationThe capability constraint of the human being as an information processor, a problem solver & a decision maker . processor, a problem solver & a decision maker .

The nature & the variety of information in precised terms .The nature & the variety of information in precised terms .

Reluctance of decision makers to spell out the information for theReluctance of decision makers to spell out the information for the political & the behavioural reasons . political & the behavioural reasons .

The ability of the decision makers to specify the information . The ability of the decision makers to specify the information .



Methods of dete r mining the info r mation Methods of dete r mining the info r mationr equi r ementsr equi r ements

Asking o r inte r viewing

Dete r mining f r om the existing s ystem

Anal ysing the c r itical success facto r s

Expe r imentation & modelling



C ontd«C ontd«

Asking o r inte r viewing :- In this method a designe r of the MIS puts questions o r conve r ses with the use r of the info r mation anddete r mines the info r mation r equi r ements . When multiple use r s o r seve r al decision make r s in simila r functions o r positions a r einvolved , a b r ain sto r ming session is pe r fo r med to cove r all

possible answe r s to the questions .

Dete r mining f r om the existing s ystem :- In numbe r of cases theexisting s ystem, which has been evolved afte r a numbe r of yea r s,and has been designed out of expe r ience gives st r aightwa y ther equi r ement of info r mation . In an y situations, s ystems f r om othe r companies can give additional info r mation r equi r ements . Thismethod is adopted when the r ules & decision methods a r e outsidethe pu r view of the decision make r .



C ontd«C ontd«

Anal ysing the c r itical success facto r s :- Eve ry business o r ganisation pe r fo r ms successfull y on efficient management of ce r tain c r iticalsuccess facto r s . O the r facto r s a r e impo r tant & pla y a suppo r t r olein the functioning of the o r ganisation . Man y times a function issingula r l y c r itical to the successful functioning of a businesso r ganisation .

Expe r imentation & modelling :- When the r e is total unce r taint y , thedesigne r & the use r of the info r mation r eso r t to this method fo r dete r mining the info r mation r equi r ement . The expe r imentationwould decide the methodolog y fo r handling the complex situation . If the method is finalised, the info r mation needs a r e dete r mined asthe y have been evolved th r ough the expe r imentation . Testma r keting of a p r oduct is an app r oach of the expe r imentation todecide the co rr ect ma r keting st r ateg y.



Development of MIS Development of MIS Development of MIS calls for determining thestrategy of the development .

This strategy determines where to begin and inwhat sequence the development can take place .

The designer first develops the systemindependently and then starts integrating them with other systems , enlarging the scopeof the system and meeting varying informationneeds .



The Systems Development Process



Life C ycle approachLife C ycle approachto the Developmentto the Development

of MIS of MIS



System analysis

Assess feasibility

Informationreq. analysis

Conceptual

design

PhysicalDesign

Install thesystem

Systemspecifications

Conduct training

Programspecification

Operate thesystem

Develop

The system

Review and Audit

L ife C ycle app r oach to the Development of MIS



O r ganisation fo r Development of O r ganisation fo r Development of MIS MIS

The principles of organisation & structuring theorganisation to specific needs of the function is a primenecessity w .r . t .MIS . Type, size & structure of the corporate organisation arethe basis for MIS organisation for handling MIS

functions .

ISSUES:MIS function should be handled as centralised or

decentralized activity Allocation of hardware & software resourcesMaintenance of MIS at specific levelFitting the organisation of the MIS in the corporateorganisation & its culture .



C ent r alization Vs Decent r alization, can be r esolved b yC ent r alization Vs Decent r alization, can be r esolved b yassessing the (status of info r mation r esou r ce management)assessing the (status of info r mation r esou r ce management)

C entralisedInformation systemmanagementUsed when informationneeds are more or lessstatic

Acquisition of data &information provided to

users are centralised function All processing at singlecomputer site .

DecentralisedInformation resourcemanagementUsed when informationneeds are varying & morestrategic in nature

The user of the informationis free from designing the

system & from deciding thesoftware & hardware .

Stand alone processors &database at various sites



Featu r es of MIS cont r ibuting to the Featu r es of MIS cont r ibuting to theSuccessSuccess

It sets clear objectives to ensure that the MIS focuses on majorissues of the business & adequate development resources are

providedMIS is oriented ,defined & designed in terms of user·srequirements & its operational viability is ensured .

MIS is kept under continuous close observation, so that its opendesign is modified according to the changing information needs .

MIS recognizes that manager is a human being and therefore thesystem must consider all human behavioral factors in the processof management .

MIS is easy to operate and hence the design of the MIS has such features which make up a user friendly design .

An appropriate data processing technology, required to meet thedata processing and analysis needs of the users is defined .



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