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This document is made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Freeland and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
Illegal wildlife trade is happening on every urbanized continent in the world.
The country where the wildlife is sourced from is often not the same country where people buy or consume that wildlife. WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING IS A
GLOBAL CONCERN FOR AVIATION
Transportation, transit hubs and airports play a major enabling role in the illegal wildlife trade.
PANGOLIN
FROM:
NIGERIA
TO:
CHINA
Reputational Legal Economic Safety
RISK OF INJURY AND SPREAD OF
DISEASE FROM SMUGGLED WILDLIFE
MEDIA REPORTS MAY GIVE AIRLINE
NAME, FLIGHT NUMBER OR
SUGGEST STAFF INVOLVEMENT
RISK OF PROSECUTION FOR FAILING TO ENSURE CARGO IS
LEGAL MoreMore =
INCREASED SCRUTINY LEADS
TO LOST BUSINESSAIRPORTS ACROSS THE
WORLD ARE EXPLOITED DAILY
SERIOUS RISKS TO THE AVIATION INDUSTRY
50+ SEIZURES A DAY20,000 SEIZURES A YEAR
FACTSHEETWildlife Trafficking in Aviation
Ivory, rhino horn, reptiles and birds collectively account for over 60% of all trafficked wildlife, according to the United Nations Office On Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Other mammals, including pangolin (the world’s most trafficked mammal), and marine species make up a further 20%.
TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 21%
35 %
21%
10 %LUGGAGE
3 %AIR FREIGHT
PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS
IVORY
BIRDS
INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - IVORY
INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - BIRDS
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
IVO
RY IS
T
RA
FFIC
KED
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
BIR
DS
AR
E T
RA
FFIC
KED
Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic, or cloth (to disguise shape and to pre-vent being recognized as organic material by scanners).
Suspected change of baggage tags (to disguise route or to swap to an ‘easier’ route).
Additional baggage; unusual or uneven weight
Physical pat down or passenger clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps
Suspected fake or front companies listed as the destination or on the address
Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African countries
Missing, incomplete, or fraudulent customs documentation
54 %
16%
6%
LUGGAGE
2 % AIR MAIL
AIR FREIGHT
PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS
REPTILES
INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - REPTILES
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
REP
TIL
ES
AR
E T
RA
FFIC
KED
Suspected movement or noise from baggage
Unusual smell
Unusual number of suitcases or contents described as ‘stones’
Direct flights
Passenger appears nervous or over-dressed, is walking or moving strangely, visits bathroom frequently
Missing, incomplete, or fraudulent customs documentation
Fraudulent paperwork claiming the animals are captive bred
44%
10%21 %
CHECKED LUGGAGE
1 % AIR MAIL
AIR FREIGHT
PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS
57 %
11%
LUGGAGE
5% AIR MAIL
AIR FREIGHT
RHINO HORN
INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - RHINO HORN
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
RH
INO
H
OR
N IS
TR
AFF
ICK
ED
Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic, or cloth
Suspected change of baggage tags
Additional baggage; unusual or uneven weight
Described or labeled as taxidermy or pottery
Suspected fake or front companies (listed as the destination or on the address)
Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African countries.
Missing, incomplete, or fraudulent customs documentation
Suspected movement or noise from baggage; scanner presents multiple tubular shapes.
Unusual smell
Physical pat down or customer clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps
Direct flights, possibly between South or Central America and Europe, especially Spain.
Passenger appears nervous, over-dressed, is walking or moving strangely, visits bathroom frequently
Fraudulent paperwork claiming the animals are captive bred
PRIVATE PLANE
2 %
TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 21%
TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 20%
6% PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS
TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 31%
AIR MAIL
Physical pat down or passenger clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps
• Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic or cloth (to disguise shape and to prevent being recognized as organic material by scanners).
• Suspected change of baggage tags (to disguise route or to swap to an ‘easier’ route).
• Additional baggage; baggage or unusual or uneven weight.• Physical pat down or clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps.• Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African
countries. • Missing, incomplete or fraudulent customs documentation.
• Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic or cloth.• Suspected change of baggage tags.• Additional baggage; baggage or unusual or uneven weight.• Physical pat down or clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps.• Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African
countries. • Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation.• Described or labeled as taxidermy or pottery.
• Detected movement or noise from baggage• Unusual smell• Unusual number of suitcases• Contents described as ‘stones’• Direct flights• Passenger appears nervous or over-dressed, is walking or moving
strangely, visits bathroom frequently.• Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation.
• Detected movement or noise from baggage• Scanner presents multiple tubular shapes• Unusual smell• Physical pat down or passenger clothing presents unusual bulk or
lumps• Direct flights• Passenger appears nervous or over-dressed, is walking or moving
strangely, visits bathroom frequently.• Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation.
14%AIR FREIGHT
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
RE
PTIL
ES A
RE T
RAFF
ICKE
D
23 %BAGGAGECHECKED
14%AIR FREIGHT
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
RE
PTIL
ES A
RE T
RAFF
ICKE
D
23 %BAGGAGECHECKED
14%AIR FREIGHT
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
RE
PTIL
ES A
RE T
RAFF
ICKE
D
23 %BAGGAGECHECKED
14%AIR FREIGHT
MO
ST C
OM
MO
N W
AYS
RE
PTIL
ES A
RE T
RAFF
ICKE
D
23 %BAGGAGECHECKED
delayschecks
Sources: ‘Flying Under The Radar’, C4ADS, ROUTES 2017; ‘In Plane Sight’, C4ADS, ROUTES August 2018.
