Final Exam Study Guide

Ms. Wishart – Reading

Vocabulary Words

1. Algae – a type of plant with no stems or leaves that grows in the water or on wet things

2. Aptitude – a talent for something3. Autism – a mental condition that makes it hard for a person to relate to

others.4. Barrier – a limit, rule, or idea that keeps people from doing something5. Boycott – to show that you are against something by ignoring it or

refusing to deal with it6. Certified – holding a paper that states you have been trained to do

something7. Creation – something that is made8. Culture – the beliefs and ways of life of a certain group of people.9. Digital – made up of thousands of very small signals10. Discrimination – unfair treatment of someone because of race, age, or

some other factor.

Vocabulary Words

1. Disorder – a problem or illness2. Document – a formal piece of writing 3. Document - to make a record of something by writing about it or

filming it4. Dominate – to have power over someone or something5. Fabricate – to make up6. Generation – all the people who were born at about the same time7. Habitat – a sealed place in which people can live and work8. Headdress – something worn on a person’s head for decoration9. Illustration – a drawing that goes with written or spoken words10.Implement- a tool or other useful object

Vocabulary Words1. Implement- to put a plan into effect2. License – a paper or card that gives someone permission to

do something 3. License - freedom or liberty to act in a certain way4. Mythology – a group of stories belonging to one culture and

telling about their gods, heroes, and history5. Origin – the beginning of something6. Peer – someone of the same age and social class7. Peer – to look carefully at something that is hard to see8. Persistent – to continue doing something difficult9. Post – to put up for people to see 10. Post – to score points in a game

Vocabulary Words

1. Procedure – the correct way of doing something2. Prong – a thin point at the end of something3. Realistic – showing something as it really is4. Refurbish – to make something cleaner, brighter, or more useful5. Regular – usual or normal6. Robot – a machine that can be programmed to do certain jobs7. Sonar – a system that uses sound waves and echoes to find

underwater objects8. Toxic – poisonous9. Unwholesome- harmful to health10. Urban – having to do with a city

Words PartsPrefix Base/Root Suffix Meaning Example

Dis- To do the opposite of Disprove = to prove the opposite

Non- Not or without Nonsense = without sense

Ir- Not Irrational = not rational

Il- Not Illegal = not legal

  Mit To send Admit = to send payment

In- Not Invisible = not visible

Im- Not Not polite

  -ness The state or quality of Nervousness = the state or being nervous

De- To reverse, to get rid of or to get off of Derail = to get off the rails

  Aud Hear

  -er A person who ____ Teacher = a person who teaches

aqua Water Aquatic = having to do with water

Identifying the Main Idea: W-I-N

WWho or what is the paragraph or section mostly about?

IWhat is the most important information about the who or what?

NWrite the main idea in a small number of words.

Stated Main Idea vs. Unstated Main IdeaStated Main Idea Unstated Main Idea

A sentence in the paragraph that tells what the paragraph is about. The main idea is stated directly in the paragraph.

You must use information from the paragraph to form your own statement of the main idea. The main idea is unstated.

Infer and Inference

When you figure something out, you infer, or make an inference. To make an inference, you combine information from the text with what you already know to come up with new information.

Information from the text + What I already know

Questioning Strategy

After we read a text, I ask you questions about the text. Good questions will include words such as: who, what, where, when, why, and how.

Pulling Together Questions

• Prediction-MatchingHow does the information in the text confirm our

prediction?• SummarizingWhat main points does the author want to get

across?• Connecting To Other TextsHow are artificial photos similar to the articles in

tabloids?

Long vs. Short Vowels

Directions: Create the chart to your right and then fill it in using the following words. Which words have a short vowel sound? Which words have a long vowel sound?

BiteCakeCatChuteGeneJumpSipSpotTestWoke

Short Vowel Sound

Long Vowel Sound

A

E

I

O

U

* Hint – difference between a long vowel sound and a short vowel sound, is that long vowels sound just like the letter name.

MapCupTenVoteTubeWhiteZipTapeDebateJob

Comparing and Contrasting

What is comparing?• Comparing is telling how things

are alike.Some words/phrases used to

compare:• Like• Just as• Similar• Both• Also• Too

What is contrasting?• Contrasting is telling how things

are different.Some words/phrases used to

contrast:• Unlike• Different• But• In contrast• On the other hand

Persuasive Texts• In a persuasion text, an author tries to convince

readers to take a certain action or to accept a certain way of thinking.

• Most persuasive texts contain 4 elements:– Opinion Statement– Supporting Reasons and Details– Counterargument – Conclusion

Opinion StatementAn opinion statement states the author’s opinion – what he or she wants you, the reader, to think or do. An opinion is a belief based on feelings and knowledge about an issue. It cannot be absolutely proven, as a fact can be. An opinion statement often has the word should or believe which indicates that it is an opinion.

Supporting Reasons

A reason tells why the reader should agree with the author’s opinion. Reasons often follow the word because.

DetailsIt is important to give reasons why someone should agree with your opinion statement. Simply stating a reason isn’t enough to persuade someone. An author has to add to the reason by giving examples, details, or other information.

CounterargumentThe author of a persuasive text often will include opinions that go against his or her own opinion. He or she will state these opinions in order to argue against them. When the writer tells why an opposing idea is not true and why his or her own idea is better, the writer is presenting a counterargument. Counterarguments serve 2 purposes:•They show that the writer is aware of other, different opinions•They drain the power from opponents’ arguments

Conclusion

In a conclusion, the writer summarizes his or her argument and tries to make a strong, lasting impression on the reader. Author can do this in different ways:•Restate the opinion•Restate reasons•Give new or startling information•Provide quotation from someone respected or famous

Abbreviations

Sometimes, when a word or phrase is used frequently, people abbreviate it to make it easier to use.

One way to abbreviate a word is to shorten it. For example “ad”.

ad = advertisement What other abbreviations are a shortened form of a longer word?

Mac and fridge What do they stand for?

Mac = Macintosh fridge = refrigerator

AbbreviationsAnother way to create an abbreviation is to use the first letter of each word in a phrase. For example “IM.” What two words do the letters I and M stand for?

Instant messageThese kinds of abbreviations are called acronyms.1. What other phrases are acronyms?

BTW, scuba, A/C, and USA2. What does each stand for?•BTW = By The Way•SCUBA = Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus•A/C = Air Conditioning •USA = United State of America