Final Exam Review

Which of the functional groups illustrated below would youexpect to find in an amino acid?

1 2 3 4 5

a. 1, 2, and 4b. 2, and 3c. 2, 4, and 5d. 1 and 4 e. 3 and 5

Which of the functional groups illustrated below would youexpect to find in an amino acid?

1 2 3 4 5

a. 1, 2, and 4b. 2, and 3c. 2, 4, and 5d. 1 and 4 e. 3 and 5

The following structural formula isrepresentative of which functional group?

a. Sulfhydrylb. Hydroxylc. Carboxyld. Carbonyle. Amino

The following structural formula isrepresentative of which functional group?

a. Sulfhydrylb. Hydroxylc. Carboxyld. Carbonyle. Amino

Consider the following compound:

Which of the bonds would be nonpolar?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. E

E

D

C

A

B

Consider the following compound:

Which of the bonds would be nonpolar?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. E

E

D

C

A

B

Consider the following interaction:

A represents what type of intermolecular force?

a. Dipole-dipoleb. Hydrogen bondc. Ion-dipoled. Electrostatice. London Dispersion

A

Consider the following interaction:

A represents what type of intermolecular force?

a. Dipole-dipoleb. Hydrogen bondc. Ion-dipoled. Electrostatice. London Dispersion

A

What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the interactions among the long hydrophobic tails present in phospholipids in the cellular membrane?

a. Hydrogen bonds

b. London dispersion

c. Dipole-dipole

d. Ion-dipole

e. Electrostatic

What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the interactions among the long hydrophobic tails present in phospholipids in the cellular membrane?

a. Hydrogen bonds

b. London dispersion

c. Dipole-dipole

d. Ion-dipole

e. Electrostatic

Of the following statements, which one is true about fats?

a. They are polymers of fatty acids

b. They are highly reduced

c. They are highly oxidized

d. They contain less energy per molecule than glucose

e. They are mainly found in muscle tissue

Of the following statements, which one is true about fats?

a. They are polymers of fatty acids

b. They are highly reduced

c. They are highly oxidized

d. They contain less energy per molecule than glucose

e. They are mainly found in muscle tissue

Which of the following functional group

would be found in a monosaccharide?

a. Carbonyl and hydroxyl

b. Glycosidic and hydroxyl

c. Carboxyl an amino

d. Carboxyl and carbonyl

e. Hydroxyl and sulfhydryl

Which of the following functional group

would be found in a monosaccharide?

a. Carbonyl and hydroxyl

b. Glycosidic and hydroxyl

c. Carboxyl an amino

d. Carboxyl and carbonyl

e. Hydroxyl and sulfhydryl

The formation of an ester linkage in fats is a

result of a reaction between

a. an amino acid and a carboxylic acid

b. two alcohols

c. an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

d. two carboxylic acids

e. two amino acids

The formation of an ester linkage in fats is a

result of a reaction between

a. an amino acid and a carboxylic acid

b. two alcohols

c. an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

d. two carboxylic acids

e. two amino acids

Which of the following is not true about enzymes?

a. Their functions are highly dependent on their structure and shape

b. They speed up the rate of the biochemical reactions by lowering their activation energy values

c. The substrate bind specifically to the allosteric site just like a key fits into a lock

d. The induced fit model provides the best explanation of how the substrate binds to the enzyme

e. Inhibitors may bind either to the active site or to the allosteric site

Which of the following is not true about enzymes?

a. Their functions are highly dependent on their structure and shape

b. They speed up the rate of the biochemical reactions by lowering their activation energy values

c. The substrate bind specifically to the allosteric site just like a key fits into a lock

d. The induced fit model provides the best explanation of how the substrate binds to the enzyme

e. Inhibitors may bind either to the active site or to the allosteric site

The hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond results in

a. a sugar and an acid

b. two acids

c. an acid and an amine

d. two sugars

e. an acid and an alcohol

The hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond results in

a. a sugar and an acid

b. two acids

c. an acid and an amine

d. two sugars

e. an acid and an alcohol

The hydrolysis of a dipeptide results in the

production of which of the following?

a. a sugar and an amino acid

b. two amino acids

c. an acid and an amine

d. two sugars

e. an amino acid and an alcohol

The hydrolysis of a dipeptide results in the

production of which of the following?

a. a sugar and an amino acid

b. two amino acids

c. an acid and an amine

d. two sugars

e. an amino acid and an alcohol

At what pH value could an enzyme have

both positive and negative charges upon it?

a. 1 and 13

b. 1, 7, and 13

c. 13

d. 7

e. 1

At what pH value could an enzyme have

both positive and negative charges upon it?

a. 1 and 13

b. 1, 7, and 13

c. 13

d. 7

e. 1

Which of the following statements is true about glycolysis?

a. It is anabolic, exergonic, aerobic, and the final product is acetyl CoA

b. It is anabolic, endergonic, aerobic, and the final product is acetyl CoA

c. It is catabolic, exergonic, aerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

d. It is catabolic, exergonic, anaerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

e. It is catabolic, endergonic, anaerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

Which of the following statements is true about glycolysis?

a. It is anabolic, exergonic, aerobic, and the final product is acetyl CoA

b. It is anabolic, endergonic, aerobic, and the final product is acetyl CoA

c. It is catabolic, exergonic, aerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

d. It is catabolic, exergonic, anaerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

e. It is catabolic, endergonic, anaerobic, and the final product is pyruvate

Under anaerobic conditions, organisms utilize pyruvate to produce which of the following compounds:

a. Succinate and citrate

b. Lactic acid and ethanol

c. Ethanol and -ketoglutarate

d. Acetyl CoA and fumarate

e. Lactic acid and fructose

Under anaerobic conditions, organisms utilize pyruvate to produce which of the following compounds:

a. Succinate and citrate

b. Lactic acid and ethanol

c. Ethanol and -ketoglutarate

d. Acetyl CoA and fumarate

e. Lactic acid and fructose

In aerobic respiration, which is a typical oxidation/reduction reaction, the energy

a.of the system contains more free energy at the end of the reaction.

b. required for reduction is the same as that released in oxidation.

c. contained in the products is greater than that contained in the reactants.

d. released in oxidation is greater than that required for reduction.

e.given off is all lost as heat energy.

In aerobic respiration, which is a typical oxidation/reduction reaction, the energy

a.of the system contains more free energy at the end of the reaction.

b. required for reduction is the same as that released in oxidation.

c. contained in the products is greater than that contained in the reactants.

d. released in oxidation is greater than that required for reduction.

e.given off is all lost as heat energy.

The following molecules can be found at various stages during cellular respiration:

I. acetyl-CoAII. carbon dioxideIII. glucoseIV. glyceraldehydeV. pyruvate

Which of the following sequences represents the above molecules in order from the largest to the smallest amount of chemical energy?

a. II, I, V, IV, IIIb. III, IV, V, I, IIc. III, IV, I, V, IId. III, I, V, IV, IIe. IV, III, II, I, V

The following molecules can be found at various stages during cellular respiration:

I. acetyl-CoAII. carbon dioxideIII. glucoseIV. glyceraldehydeV. pyruvate

Which of the following sequences represents the above molecules in order from the largest to the smallest amount of chemical energy?

a. II, I, V, IV, IIIb. III, IV, V, I, IIc. III, IV, I, V, IId. III, I, V, IV, IIe. IV, III, II, I, V

What is the function of oxygen in the ETC?

a.accept electrons during Krebs cycleb.hydrolyze carbohydratesc.add hydrogen ions to pyruvate at the end of

glycolysisd.accept electrons carried by cytochrome c to

cytochrome c oxidasee.supply electrons for the reduction of NADP

What is the function of oxygen in the ETC?

a.accept electrons during Krebs cycleb.hydrolyze carbohydratesc.add hydrogen ions to pyruvate at the end of

glycolysisd.accept electrons carried by cytochrome c to

cytochrome c oxidasee.supply electrons for the reduction of NADP

During aerobic cellular respiration, which of

the following molecules activates Krebs

cycle?

a. citrate

b. pyruvate

c. cytochrome oxidase

d. acetyl coA

e. carbon dioxide

During aerobic cellular respiration, which of

the following molecules activates Krebs

cycle?

a. citrate

b. pyruvate

c. cytochrome oxidase

d. acetyl coA

e. carbon dioxide

Where in the electron transport chain does

the energy come from for the synthesis of

ATP?

a.the combination of hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to form water

b.the breakdown of water

c.the cytochromes

d.an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

e.oxygen

Where in the electron transport chain does

the energy come from for the synthesis of

ATP?

a.the combination of hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to form water

b.the breakdown of water

c.the cytochromes

d.an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

e.oxygen

When muscles cells do work under anaerobic conditions, the muscle cells

a. use lactate to synthesize glycogen for glycolysis

b. use the pyruvate-acetyl-CoA shunt as an alternative energy source

c. get their energy from oxidative phosphorylation instead

d. stop functioning, which results in cramping

e. produce lactate and use it as a source of energy

When muscles cells do work under anaerobic conditions, the muscle cells

a. use lactate to synthesize glycogen for glycolysis

b. use the pyruvate-acetyl-CoA shunt as an alternative energy source

c. get their energy from oxidative phosphorylation instead

d. stop functioning, which results in cramping

e. produce lactate and use it as a source of energy

Which of the following most accurately describes the location of chloroplasts in the leaves of most plants?

a. the palisade mesophyll tissue only

b. the palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue only

c. the upper epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues only

d. the upper epidermis, palisade, and spongy mesophyll tissues only

e. the palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues, and the guard cells of epidermal tissue

Which of the following most accurately describes the location of chloroplasts in the leaves of most plants?

a. the palisade mesophyll tissue only

b. the palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue only

c. the upper epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues only

d. the upper epidermis, palisade, and spongy mesophyll tissues only

e. the palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues, and the guard cells of epidermal tissue

Grana are formed from

a. stroma

b. photosystem

c. Lamellae

d. thylakoids

e. reaction centres

Grana are formed from

a. stroma

b. photosystem

c. Lamellae

d. thylakoids

e. reaction centres

Found inside chloroplasts.Place for light reactions.Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in thylakoid membranes.

http://www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf

http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations0305.html

Light-independent reactions occur in the stroma.

C3 plants:

C4 plants:

Stomata are opened at nightWater conservation

Cyclic versus Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation

But there’s enough H+ gradientto generate ATP.When there’s enough NADPH.O2 is not produced.

Which of the following will affect stomatal opening and closing?

• I. air temperature• II. amount to water in the soil• III. brightness of ambient light• IV. turgor pressure of the guard cells• V. humidity

a. I, III and V only

b. IV and V only

c. I, IV and V only

d. I, III, IV and V

e. I, II, III, IV, and V

Which of the following will affect stomatal opening and closing?

• I. air temperature• II. amount to water in the soil• III. brightness of ambient light• IV. turgor pressure of the guard cells• V. humidity

a. I, III and V only

b. IV and V only

c. I, IV and V only

d. I, III, IV and V

e. I, II, III, IV, and V

The source of energy for photophosphorylation is

a.light and oxidative phosphorylation

b.substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation

c.oxidative phosphorylation

d.light

e.substrate level phosphorylation

The source of energy for photophosphorylation is

a.light and oxidative phosphorylation

b.substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation

c.oxidative phosphorylation

d.light

e.substrate level phosphorylation

Electrons released as a result of photolysis

a. combine with H+ ions and oxygen to form water

b. are used directly in the fixation of carbon during the Calvin cycle

c. reduce photosystem I chlorophyll molecules

d. reduce photosystem II chlorophyll molecules

e. oxidize NADP+

Electrons released as a result of photolysis

a. combine with H+ ions and oxygen to form water

b. are used directly in the fixation of carbon during the Calvin cycle

c. reduce photosystem I chlorophyll molecules

d. reduce photosystem II chlorophyll molecules

e. oxidize NADP+

DNA

• Excellent site for review of DNA– http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/24/menu.swf– BUT don’t forget gyrase and ssbp!!!!

Lac Operon

• http://www.biostudio.com/d_%20Lac%20Operon.htm

• http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/lacOperon/movie.htm

• Hershey and Chase – http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120076/b

io21.swf

• Griffith

• Meselson and Stahl– http://www.as.wvu.edu/~dray/219files/Meselso

n-Stahl%20experiment.swf

Homeostasis

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter20/animation__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_1_.html

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter20/animation__hormonal_communication.html

T or F___ Quadrat sampling is the most effective

method for determining population size for any species. ______________________________

___The maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a given period of time is known as the ecological load. ______________________________

T or F

_F__ Quadrat sampling is the most effective method for determining population size for any species. ___stationary species______

__F_The maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a given period of time is known as the ecological load. __carrying capacity____

____The population density measurement that looks at the distribution of organisms within the usable areas of the habitat is known as ecological density. _________________________

____The dispersion pattern in which organisms are spread throughout a habitat in an unpredictable manner is clumped dispersion. ______________________________

__T__The population density measurement that looks at the distribution of organisms within the usable areas of the habitat is known as ecological density. _________________________

__F__The dispersion pattern in which organisms are spread throughout a habitat in an unpredictable manner is clumped dispersion. ____random dispersion_____

____When organisms are found in certain parts of their habitat but not others as determined by habitat restrictions, biologists describe this as clumped dispersion. _________________________

____An open population is one in which the factors influencing the number of organisms is open to natality and mortality only. ______________________________

_T___When organisms are found in certain parts of their habitat but not others as determined by habitat restrictions, biologists describe this as clumped dispersion. _________________________

__F__An open population is one in which the factors influencing the number of organisms is open to natality and mortality only. ___closed population____________

____ A factor limiting population growth that has a greater impact as the density increases is said to be density independent. ______________________________

____An ecological relationship in which one animal kills and eats another is called parasitism. _________________________

_F___ A factor limiting population growth that has a greater impact as the density increases is said to be density independent. ______density dependent________________________

_F___An ecological relationship in which one animal kills and eats another is called parasitism. ___predation______________________