Final Exam Review!

For Freedom! For Honor! For Glory!

Final Exam Set UpO Friday, June 19th O 8:15-10:30O Test Set-Up:

O 60 Multiple ChoiceO 4 CRQs

How Should I Study?!?O Easy: Study every night from 15-20 minutesO Do NOT cram the night before. Let your

brain absorb the information a little at a time.

O Have a study buddy! Study with a parent, friend, or Ms. LaComb

O Use your notes, textbook, previous tests, quizzes, and my online PowerPoint's along with the STUDY GUIDE!

Question 7O What is a primary source?

O a document written by someone from that time period who may have experienced or witnessed the event.

O Examples: newspapers, diaries, journals, letters, ect…

Question 8

O How did the first humans get to North America?O Beringia--they walked

across the land bridge during the Ice Age they were hunters following herds

O Coastal TheoryO Creation Myths

Question 9O How did diseases affect Spain’s

ability to conquer the Native Americans?O smallpox, flu, cold, measles – Natives

were so sick they could not fight back

Question 10O Why did different Native American culture

areas develop? O Native Americans used the materials that were

in their environmentsO Examples: Algonquins and Iroquois are similar

because they are in the same culture areaO What role did geography play in the

development of these differences?O Cultures are different because they are in a

different culture AreaO Example: Eastern Woodlands vs. Great Plains

Question 11O Define Civilization:

O an advanced culture that includes: cities, a well-organized government, complex religion, social classes, specialized skills and jobs, and some method of record keeping

Question 11O How are the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas

examples of Civilizations?O Aztecs: built capital at Tenochtitlan, schools

for priests, 18 month calendarO Incas: built terraced farms, advanced

building, brain surgery, roadsO Mayas: social pyramid, hieroglyphics,

number system, calendar, astronomy

Question 12O Why were Europeans looking for a

Northwest Passage?O They wanted an all water route through

North America to get to Asia (East Indies, Middle East) because they wanted to trade there (after Crusades

Question 13O What did Europeans want from North

and South America?O trade, money, religious freedom,

expand their nation’s power (nationalism)

O GOLD, GOD, GLORY

Question 14O How are the Mayflower Compact and

the Virginia House of Burgesses similar? O they are both examples of early

attempts at representative government for the people in the colonies

Question 15

  Land Climate Way of Making Money

New England

   

Middle   

Southern   

Describe the climate, land, and economic activities of the three colonial regions

Question 16

O According to this cartoon created by Benjamin Franklin, what would happen to the colonies if they didn’t join together in the Albany Plan of Union during the French & Indian War?O They would not be able to survive on their own.

Franklin wanted a Grand Council to join them together to create laws and tax. The colonists rejected his idea.

Question 17O What were the causes and effects of

the French and Indian War?Causes Effects

French & English were Large debt increased taxes

competing for the same land in the Ohio French lost land and power in

North River Valley America

Native chose sidesAlgonquins - FrenchIroquois - English

Question 18

What were the causes and effects of the American Revolution?

Causes Effects

No Taxation Without Representation IndependenceEscalation – Sons of Liberty Britain loses land and influenceProclamation of 1763 Declaration of Independence writtenActs passed France as ally

Question 19O Name and describe three events in

the escalation to the American Revolution:1. Tea Act – Tea Party – Intolerable Acts2. Boston Massacre3. Stamp Act

Question 20The following image is entitled The Bloody Massacre and was created by Paul Revere.

Question 20O What is propaganda?

O ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government

O How is this picture an example of propaganda?O Revere’s engraving shows the British lined up shooting at the

colonists who are unarmed, dog for pity, designed to make colonists angry with British (especially those in Southern and Middle Colonies – title Bloody Massacre – only 5 people died – not a massacre

OWho would support this engraving? Patriots or Loyalists, why?

O Patriots—this engraving make the British look bad and helps the Patriot cause

Question 21On Monday night about eight o’clock, two soldiers were attacked and beaten… about 100 people passed and went toward the custom-house, where the King’s money is lodged. They immediately surrounded the sentinel [guard] posted there, and with clubs and other weapons threatened to execute their vengeance [revenge] on him…. The mob still increased and were more outrageous, striking their clubs or bludgeons one against another, and calling out, “come on you rascals, you bloody backs, you lobster scoundrels, fire if you dare….” They advanced to the points of the bayonets, struck some of them…. [O]ne of the soldiers having received a severe blow with a stick, stepped a little to one side and instantly fired…. On this a general attack was made on the men [soldiers] by a great number of heavy clubs and snowballs being thrown at them, by which all our lives were in imminent [immediate] danger, some persons at the same time from behind calling out, “fire you bloods [Redcoats] — why don’t you fire.” Instantly three or four of the soldiers fired one after the other, and directly after, three more fired in the same confusion and hurry.… On my asking the soldiers why they fired without orders, they said they heard the word fire and supposed it came from me. This might be the case as many of the mob called out “fire, fire,” but I assured the men that I gave no such order; that my words were, “don’t fire, stop your firing.”

Question 21O How does this passage present a different

viewpoint from the engraving? O Shows British as innocent and colonists as

aggressors throwing snowballs and taunting

Who would support this, patriots or loyalists? O Loyalists

Question 22What were the strengths and weaknesses of

Britain and the colonies at the beginning of the American Revolution?  Strengths Weaknesses

Britain TrainingStrong Navy – 270 warshipsExperienceStrong GovernmentMoney 

3,000 miles from homeFighting for paycheckDelay of news, supplies, fresh troopsDidn’t know land

Colonies Fighting for libertyMany owned riflesGood shotsKnew land wellProtecting own homes and familiesMOTIVATION

UntrainedLittle GunpowderFew CannonsNo Navy8 Small shipsAmateurs 

Question 23We hold these Truths to be self-evident [obvious] that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed [given] by

their Creator with certain unalienable [natural] Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent

[agreement] of the Governed. . . .-Declaration of Independence, 1776

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? What Why was this document created? What was the goal of the document? What three basic rights did it ask for?O Thomas Jefferson – break up letter to the King of EnglandO Goal: Tell the world and the king what the colonists are

doingO Rights: Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

Question 24O What was the purpose of the colonial

boycotts of British goods?O Colonists stopped buying British goods to try

to hurt British merchants and ultimately the British government. It was a protest against the taxes.

Question 25O Why did the United States replace the

Articles of Confederation?O the government was too weak to do what it

needed toO No president, no court system, no right to

tax

Question 26Compare the New York State government

to the National government. Federalism: State powers vs. National Powers

- marriage & divorce laws - build roads - declare war- establish & maintain - charter banks -set standard weights & Schools - taxes measures- regulate trade within state - criminal justice - coin money- conduct elections - postal services

THERE ARE MORE TOO

Question 27

What were the conditions of the Great Compromise?

O Virginia vs. New Jersey PlanO 2 House Legislature = bicameralO Senate – 2 reps from each state (New

Jersey Plan)O House of Representatives – based on

population ( Virginia Plan)

Question 28

Why did the Constitution include Checks & Balances and Separation of

Powers?

O to prevent and one branch of the government from gaining too much power

Question 29Executive

Judicial Legislativ

e

Appoints

judges, gra

nts

pardons

Declare

s ord

ers

unconsti

tutio

nal

Impeach Justices

Declare a law unconstitutional

Veto bills, call

meetings

Override veto

with 2/3 vote

Question 30Compare the constitutions of New York and the United States including the government they

established.

 

 

 

 

New York• Assembly• Governor• John Jay wrote it

SenateBicameral3 branches

United States Gov’t

• House of Representatives

• President• Constitutional

Convention wrote it

Question 31

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? What is their purpose?

O Bill of Rights – guarantees of basic rights

Question 32

What are the basic rights guaranteed by the first amendment?

O religion, press, speech, assembly

Question 33O We the people of the United States, in order to form a more

perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

— Preamble to the United States Constitution 

O According to the preamble of the Constitution, who has the most power in the government? O The people

Question 34

What two pieces of advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address?

O stay out of political parties and foreign affairs

Question 35

What effect did the Erie Canal have on New York State? O becomes faster and cheaper to ship

goodsO cities grow along the routeO More people traveled through New

York to go out West

Question 36O Describe the Indian Removal Act and its

impact on the Cherokee tribe. Be sure to mention the Trail of Tears in your answer.O Andrew Jackson and Congress passed a

law relocating Cherokee from fertile land in south to land west of the Mississippi. Many Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears as they walked the long trail west under horrible conditions. Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee could keep their land, but Jackson removed them anyway

Question 37Why was Andrew Jackson sometimes viewed as a “king”? Who tried to portray him in this way? O used veto power too much O Whigs tried to make him look like

a king to protect the national bank

O In particular- Nicholas Biddle and Daniel Webster

O Moved re-charter to an election year in hopes that Jackson wouldn’t veto bank--he did and was still re-elected – cartoon didn’t work

Question 38Signed with Britain

Lewis & Clark explored the territory after Jefferson bought from FranceResult of Mexican

War

Led to War with Mexico – citizens wanted to join US

Revolutionary War – Treaty of Paris 1783

Purchased from Spain--Adams-Onis Treaty

Question 39

Fully explain why southerners didn’t like protective tariffs and northerners did?O Southerners didn’t like protective tariffs

because they made goods more expensive. Southerners imported most of their goods.

O Northerners liked them because it made their manufactured products sell better. They could compete because foreign products cost more, especially against Great Britain who was producing many of the same items.

Question 40

What impact did the invention of the cotton gin have on slavery in the South? O caused Southerners to plant more

cotton crops – it became more profitable—especially during Ind. Rev. this meant that they needed more slaves to help pick the cotton

O Increased slavery

Question 41Summarize the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. What caused the original tensions?

Missouri Compromise: Maine= free, Missouri:=slave 36, 30 Line: North- free (except Missouri), South- slave states

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Congress passed an act saying that the territories of Kansas and Nebraska could determine the issue of slavery by Popular Sovereignty (voting). This directly violated the Missouri Compromise which had said they were free. Kansas erupted in violence as pro and anti-slavery people flooded the territory resulting in Bleeding Kansas (200 died)

Compromise of 1850: California wanted to enter the Union as a free state – it would upset the balance. Main conditions: 1) California free to make Northern states happy 2) Strict Fugitive Slave Law to make southern states happy

Question 42

Define sectionalism and describe its role in the election results of the election of 1860.O Sectionalism is loyalty to one’s state or

section, rather than to the whole country. In 1860 sectionalism had a major impact, because several states seceded the minute they heard Lincoln (a Northerner) was elected

Question 43

What did the South believe as a result of Abraham Lincoln’s election as president?O the south believed they no longer had a

voice in the government so they seceded. They thought Lincoln, who wanted to stop the spread of slavery, would destroy their way of life

Question 44

Describe the significance of the Gettysburg Address. Who said it? When and why? According to Lincoln, in this speech, why was the North fighting the Civil War?O Abraham Lincoln said it at the dedication of

the cemetery at the Battle of Gettysburg site months after the battle

O According to the speech, Lincoln argues that the North is fighting the Civil War to preserve the Union and to preserve the democratic form of government

Question 45

What killed the most people in the Civil War?O disease and infection

Question 46

What do the Battles of Saratoga and Gettysburg have in common? (Explain) O they are both turning point battlesO This means that the momentum shifted

from losing most of the battles to starting to win more than they lost

Question 47What are the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South at the start of the Civil War?Advantages Disadvantages

North • Had nearly all of the factories in the country

• Twice as much railroad and twice as much farmland

• More population and more resources

• Had control of the navy

• Didn’t fight in their own territory

• Had to change hearts and minds, rather than take land

South • To win, the North had to invade the South, so they had home field advantage

• Most military schools were in the South and the nations military generals joined the Confederacy

• Strong morale

• Smaller population• Lacked transportation• Lack of industry

Question 48 What was Abraham Lincoln’s purpose in issuing the Emancipation Proclamation?O Lincoln issued the Emancipation

Proclamation to gain the support of abolitionists and foreign countries by adding the abolition of slavery as a Union goal

O His hope was also to weaken the South and get rid of the aid the slaves were giving to the war. It also enabled African Americans to enlist in the Union Army

Question 49

What is written first latitude or longitude? O Latitude (its alphabetical!)

Question 50

What measures distances north or south of the equator?O Latitude again! Latitude is always

written N or S

Question 51O What country is located at 20ºS and

60ºW? O Paraguay!

Question 52

What are the coordinates of Mexico City?O 20ºN/100ºW

Question 53

What is located at 0º, 90ºW? O Galapagos Islands

Question 54

What are the coordinates of Memphis, Tennessee? O 36ºN/90ºW

Question 55O What is located at 43ºN, 77ºW? O Syracuse!

Question 56O What would you be doing if you were

at 25ºN, 85ºW? O drowning, swimming, shark bait,

cruising