Final Exam

ReviewAnswers

Physical Science

2012

1. W = F x d

F = 650 N d = 3 M

W = 650N x 3M= 1950 J

2. PE = mgh

F = mg = 50 N h = 1.5m

PE = 50 N x 1.5 m= 75 J

3. PE = mgh m= 100kg h=10m g =9.8m/s2

PE = 100 kg x 10 M x 9.8 m/s2 = 9800 J

4. Work = f x d d = 10 Mforce = the weight of the boulder which is it’s mass x the gravity. From the previous problem we know that

mass = 100 kg and g = 9.8 m/s2 Therefore the force = 980 N

so Work = 980J x 10 M = 9800J

Work is = to PE Energy

Work = f x d

m x a

PE = m g h

5. KE-1/2mv2 m = 100 kg v = 13 m/sKE = ½ 100 kg x (13 m/s)2

KE = 8450J

6. B height decreasing = decreasing PEball falling = increase in Kinetic NRGIncrease in Kinetic NRG = increase in speed

7. C No work when no motion!

8. B Choices A, C & D all involve motion

9. AChemical NRG comes

from10. F chemical reactions.

11. Thermal/heat energy (think friction)

12. Non-renewable energy sources can not be replenished (made again) in a short period of time such as coal, petroleum, propane and natural gas.

13. solar, geothermal, wind, biomass hydrogen-fuel cells, hydroelectric.

14.The vast majority of our energy comes from non renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, propane and natural gas. Eventually these resources will run out. Therefore we need new resources for energy and to make them cost effective it would be better if they were renewable so we don’t run out again. Also as the resources become limited they begin to cost too much.

15. C Power = work / time

Since Power is how much work you do in a certain period of time if you do more work in the same amount of time or you do the same work in less time you are more powerful.

Automobiles (specifically trucks) are rated for power. The more work they can do in a certain amount of time the more powerful they are!

16. Work = F x d F = 200 N d = 1.8 MDidga notice we don’t need time for

work?

Work = 200 N x 1.8 M = A. 360Work units= B. J (J = Joules)

17. C (too much pressure from the other layers of the earth)

18. D (seismograph)19. C force of gravity on the sun would

be much greater because it is much more massive than the Earth!

20. B The mass of the earth is so huge that even though there is an attraction to you and the tv or any other mass, it is so small (miniscule) that you can’t detect that attraction.Also, the attraction between you and the TV isn’t greater than the static friction between the shelf the TV sits on and the TV but that’s something you will learn in 11th grade.

21. B Radiation is transfer of heat NRG by waves!

22. A Conduction is transfer of heat NRG by contact.

23. C Convection is transfer of heat NRG by fluid mass movement.

24. Solids cannot transfer heat by convection b/c the molecules cannot flow.

1 2 3 4 5

PE high med low med high

KE low med high med low

25.

26. Highest 1&5 Lowest 327. Highest 3 Lowest 1&528. PE=KE @ 2 & 429. The pendulum could not swing higher at 5 than it did at 1 b/c that would take more energy than is available and that would be a violation of the law of conservation.

Energy cannot be created, only transformed or transferred!

30. m=PE PE = 8.82J h = 1.2m gh g = 9.8m/s2

8.82J = 0.75kg

(9.8m/s2 x 1.2m)

31. A The rougher the surface the more the friction in the same time period.

This would actually be less friction only if they both were done in the same amount of time. If you rubbed your hands longer you could eventually generate as much heat as rubbing sandpaper.

32. D A mixture of solutes and a solvent.

33. B 2 (valence electrons!)

Diagram A –too many e- in 2nd shell

Diagram C –too many p+ not enough No

Diagram D –too many e- in 1st shell

34. Ion (Any atom with a different number of electrons than protons is an ion)

35.

36. Nucleus, electron cloud

37.

Question #

Ionic Covalent What the compound is

made of?

1) NH3 Covalent 2 nonmentals

2) NaCl Ionic A metal and a nonmetal

3) CH4 Covalent 2 nonmetals

4) CO2 Covalent 2 nonmetals

5) CaCl2 Ionic A metal and a nonmetal

6) KBr Ionic A metal and a nonmetal

38. # Positive Ion Negative Ion Chemical

Formula

1) K and N K +1 N-3 K3N

2) Ca and F Ca+2 F-1 CaF2

3) Li and Cl Li+1 Cl-1 LiCl

4) Mg and Si Mg+2 Si-4 Mg2Si

5) Al and O Al+3 O-2 Al2O3

39.

Position PE (J) KE (J) TE (J)

A 58,996 0 58,996

B 44,247 14,749 58,996

C 29,498 29,498 58,996

D 14,749 44,247 58,996

E 0 58,996 58,996

40.

41.Element A and Element D

42. One is an isotope and one is an atom but they are from the same element because they have the same number of protons.

43. Isotopes (Isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons)

44. No! The number of protons is what determines the kind of atom. Then the number of protons is always the same for the same kind of element.

45. Yes! Sucrose could be broken down chemically because it is a compound.

46.No! Argon cannot be broken down by a chemical process b/c it is an atom, the smallest form of matter.

47. D nucleus has most of the mass, electon cloud has most of the volume.

48. B Opposite charges attract

49. H Co-champion shares championship

50. B Need a metal and non-metal

51. G Need two non-metals

52. Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

Most substances have a charge. Since water is polar, having two different charges, it is able to align either it’s positive or negative charge with the charge on the substance being dissolved.

53. C

54. It is an Ionic compound. They are made from metals and non-metals and metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.NaNO3 is the only ion listed.

55. Mass cannot be created or destroyed therefore the mass of gaseous, sublimed CO2 would be the same as the frozen CO2

56. 2Al + 3Br2 2AlBr3

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

3H2 + N2 2NH3

2Mg + O2 2MgO

57. C Convection currents moving58. C Igneous Rock59. A. 1,1,1 H2 + O2 H2O2 Already

balanced

Ca90g

ZnCO3176g

Zn? g

CaCO3220g

+ +

60.The reactants on the left have a mass of 266g, therefore there must be a product mass on the right of 266g. 220g of CaCO3 + 46g of Zinc = 266g of product Answer = 46g

=266 g 46 g

266 g

61. Law of Conservation of Mass

62.B Na gives one electron and sulfur needs two electrons. Therefore you need two Na atoms for every one sulfur atom.

63. 1) Outer Core2) Inner Core3) Crust4) Mantle

64. #2 Inner core- Pressure and density increase as you go deeper into the Earth.

65.Pressure from the outer layers squeezes molecules together

66. d. Convection currents are mainly due to radioactive isotopes in the mantle. It gets REALLY HOT!

Problems 67-134

67. These fuels come from buried tons of dead animals and plants. Coal does have fossils as well.

68. Petroleum (That’s oil for you non readers!)

69A. A Nazca and South American

69B. C Mid-Atlantic ridge

69C. D Himalayas

69D. B Volcanoes

69E. E

69F. San Andreas

69

70. small mountains, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches71. A Oceanic crust subducting

under continental crust72. C Continental crust smashing

into other continental crust73. D Divergent boundary74. A Convergent with subduction75. Oceanic(Oceanic crust is mainly made of basalt and continental crust is mainly granite. Basalt is more dense 3g/cc than granite 2.7g/cc)

76. Tectonic plates are always moving which can allow magma to break through and create volcanoes.

77. Silica content more silica = more viscosity= more

explosive

78.Magma viscosity. The greater the viscosity the greater the pressure required to blow it out.

79. Convergent boundaries can form deep ocean trenches, mountains and volcanoes.

80. Divergent boundaries can form sea floor spreading, islands, mid-oceanic ridges and volcanoes.

81. Vocanoes erupt when tectonic

plates shift/move.

82. *Water vapor (steam)*, Carbon

dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide,

Sulfur Dioxide

83. Land and Vegetation

destruction84. A very large seismic sea wave

caused by earthquakes,

underwater volcanoes and

underwater landslides.

85. Weak, heavy building materials and poor construction techniques.

86.1. Continents fit like a puzzle.2. Same kinds of plant and animal fossils

on different continents oceans apart.3. Similar rocks and minerals found on different

continents oceans apart.4. Magnetic banding along ocean ridges.5. Matching coal deposits on different continents

oceans apart.6. Matching mountains on different continents

oceans apart.7. Similar Glacier deposits on different continents

that are oceans apart.

R U Kidn me?R U really trying to read ths

to find and answer?Seriously, if you are

reading this then you’re a turd!

Get a life over the summer!

87. Electromagnetic waves do not need a medium

88. T 95. T

89. T 96. T

90. F Physical Change

97. F Divergent boundaries

91. F Physical Change

98. F Solid

92. T 99. T

93. F Chemical Property

100. T

94. F Physical Property

101. F mantle 107. T

102. T 108. T

103.T 109. T

104. T 110. F no bonds

105. F chemical energy from food

111. T

106. T 112. F exothermic

Evaporation BMelting CSublimation DPlasma FFreezing G Condensation A Vaporization E

113

114-117.

115 B. Convergent With Subduction

117 D. Convergent w/o Subduction

114 A. Divergent 116 C. Transform fault

Wow, you’re STILL trying to read this! Take a look

around at all the turds with their heads sideways

reading this.

118. Wave “B” has a greater amplitude because it’s wave height is higher.

A

B

119. Wave A has more frequency because there are more waves per minute.

120. Three examples of mechanical waves are: sound waves, seismic waves, and ocean waves.

121. Examples of electromagnetic waves: Radio, Microwaves, infrared, visible, UV, x-ray, gamma

Quick Recap of EM waves. Radio Long waves, Low frequency

Microwave Used to heat up food and now used for cell phones, and TV’s.

IR Used by the military to see heat at night.

Visible Only light we see as humans.

UV Emitted from the sun and can cause skin cancer.

X-Ray Used by doctors to determine if a bone is broken or not.

Gamma Short waves and high frequency. Used in the medical field to kill cancer cells.

122. The major difference between a mechanical wave and an electromagnetic wave is that mechanical waves (ocean, sound and earthquakes) need a medium travel through, electromagnetic waves do not.123. Sound waves would travel faster through a brick wall rather than air, because the molecules in a brick wall (solid) are tightly packed together so energy is transferred from molecule to molecule very fast. In air (gases), the molecules are moving randomly and rapidly, so it is very difficult for the molecules to transfer their energy to another molecule.

124.

Physical or Chemical Property

125. C126. P127. P128. C129. C130. P131. C132. C133. C134. C

Good Luck on Good Luck on your Exam your Exam

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