FINAL- CLICKER REVIEW

How does a molecule of water form?1. Hydrogen bonds between H and O

2. Covalent bonds between H and O

3. Shared electrons between H and O

4. All of the above

5. 2 & 3

A nonpolar molecule1. Shares electrons equally to form a covalent bond

2. Does not share electrons equally to form a covalent bond

3. Shares electrons equally to form an ionic bond

4. Does not share electrons equally to form an ionic bond

In a hydrolysis reaction1. a water molecule is used to break a covalent bond.

2. a water molecule is used to break an ionic bond.

3. a water molecule is formed in order to create a covalent bond.

4. a water molecule is formed in order to create an ionic bond.

Which type of organic macromolecule is this?

1. Protein

2. Lipid

3. Nucleic acid

4. Carbohydrate

What type of molecule is this?1. Cholesterol

2. Protein chain

3. Fatty acid chain

4. DNA backbone

5. Glycerol

What type of molecule is this?

1. Lipid

2. Starch

3. Phospholipid

4. 1 & 3

5. None of the above

How is secondary protein structure different than tertiary protein structure?

1. Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonding between R groups whereas tertiary structure results from covalent bonding between R groups

2. Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonding between backbones whereas tertiary structure results from covalent bonding between R groups

3. Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonding between backbones whereas tertiary structure results from R group interactions

How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?

1. They provide the energy needed to break/form covalent bonds.

2. They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

3. They are the substrate upon which a reaction can occur.

4. They change the temperature of the environment to a more favorable one for the reaction.

What type of model does the diagram depict in regards to modeling enzyme reactions?

1. Lock & Key

2. Induced Fit

3. Active site inducer

4. Noncompetitive active site

What type of inhibition is this?

1. Competitive inhibition

2. Noncompetitive inhibition

3. Allosteric inhibition

4. Interference inhibition

What is the name of this bond?

1. Phophodiester

2. Ester

3. Peptide

4. Glycosidic linkage

What enzyme makes rRNA?

1. RNA polymerase

2. DNA polymerase

3. Reverse transcriptase

4. Primase

What cellular organelle assembles rRNA with proteins to make a ribosome?

1. Peroxisome

2. Nucleolus

3. Nucleus

4. Smooth ER

5. Lysosome

Which of the following organelles is NOT shared by prokaryotes & eukaryotes?

1. Plasma membrane

2. Ribosomes

3. Cell wall

4. Nucleus

5. Mitochondria

6. 4 & 5

7. 3, 4, & 5

If a protein is being exported out of the cell, what organelle packages it into a vesicle right

before it is exported?

1. Rough ER

2. Smooth ER

3. Golgi apparatus

4. Lysosome

Immune system cells called B-cells make a lot of antibodies when they are activated. What organelle would you expect

to find in large numbers?

1. Ribosomes

2. Mitochondria

3. Nuclei

4. Vacuoles

Which of the following cellular organelles is paired with an incorrect function?

1. Lysosome: break down nonfunctioning organelles

2. Smooth ER: synthesize phospholipids

3. Chloroplast: synthesize simple carbohydrates

4. Mitochondria: use oxygen to hydrolyze ATP

5. Nucleus: regulates cellular activity

Which of the following types of transport is paired with an incorrect definition?

1. Active transport: uses ATP to concentrate molecules on one side of a membrane

2. Exocytosis: uses ATP to bring a substance into the cell3. Facilitated diffusion: uses a protein to move a substance across a

membrane down its gradient4. Osmosis: water moves across a membrane down its gradient5. Diffusion: substance moves across a membrane down its gradient

In which direction will there be a net movement of water?

1. To the right

2. To the left

3. No net movement of water

This animal cell is in what type of osmotic environment?

1. Hypotonic

2. Hypertonic

3. Isotonic

This plant cell is in what type of osmotic environment?

1. Hypotonic

2. Hypertonic

3. Isotonic

How many chromatids are there in the diagram below?

1. 2

2. 4

3. 8

4. 0

What phase of mitosis is this?1. Prophase II

2. Metaphase

3. Telophase

4. Anaphase

5. Prometaphase

Which of these cells are in metaphase I of meiosis?

1. A

2. B

A B

What is the name of the indicated structure (green lines)?

1. Centromere

2. Spindle

3. Kinetochore

4. Centrosome

Excited electrons from the Light Harvesting Complex (pigments) are passed from molecule

to molecule until they reach what?1) The reaction center

2) The ETC

3) NADP+ reductase

4) carotenoids

Where are the photosystems located?1) stroma

2) Thylakoid space

3) Thylakoid membrane

4) Intermembrane space

What is the difference in energy produced between cyclic and noncyclic energy flow?

1) In cyclic energy flow, only ATP is made

2) In noncyclic energy flow, ATP & NADPH are made

3) Cyclic electron flow produces more energy than noncyclic energy flow

4) Both 1 and 2

5) All of the above are true

In photosynthesis, before ATP is generated, where is the H+ concentration greatest?

1) Thylakoid space/ lumen

2) Intermembrane space

3) Stroma

4) cytoplasm

In photosynthesis, what molecule does oxygen originate from?

1) Carbon dioxide

2) Chlorophyll a

3) Water

4) Glucose

What happens in the Reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

1) A 3-C sugar (GP) is phosphorylated and reduced

2) 5 molecules of G3P are regeneration into RuBP using 3 ATP

3) Inorganic carbon dioxide becomes part of an organic molecule

4) None of the above

Where does carbon dioxide come from in cellular respiration?1) The ETC

2) Glycolysis

3) Link Reaction

4) Krebs Cycle

5) Both 3 & 4

6) 2, 3, & 4

In cellular respiration, where are 2 ATP made through

substrate level phosphorylation? 1) Krebs cycle

2) Link reaction

3) Glycolysis

4) ETC

5) 1 and 3

6) 1, 2, & 3

7) 2 & 3

Where in the cell does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

1) Cristae

2) Inner membrane

3) Intermembrane

4) Mitochondrial matrix

In cellular respiration, when H+ ions are pumped across through ETC protein channels, where are they more concentrated?

1) Intermembrane space

2) Matrix

3) Cytoplasm

4) None of the above

In the Kreb’s cycle, acetyl-CoA binds to a molecule that will be regenerated by the end of the cycle. What is the name of that molecule?

1) Rubisco

2) Acetyl-CoA

3) RuBP

4) Oxaloacetate

If a molecule has been oxidized, what does that mean?

1) It has taken electrons

2) It has given electrons

3) It has been reduced

4) Both 1 and 3

What is the end product of alcoholic fermentation?

1) Methanol

2) Ethanol

3) Acetylaldehyde

4) Lactic acid

If an organism has 24% adenine (A) nucleotides, what percent of uracil (U) would you expect to find?

1. 24%

2. 26%

3. 48%

4. 52%

5. None of the above

Which of the following DNA replication enzymes is incorrectly paired with its function?

1. Primase: makes an RNA nucleotide primer

2. DNA polymerase I: elongates a DNA daughter strand

3. Helicase: unwinds DNA

4. DNA ligase: creates a phosphodiester bond

The overall appearance of DNA synthesis moving in the 3’ to 5’ direction occurs with

1. The lagging strand

2. The leading strand

3. Okazaki fragments

4. Both 1 & 3

5. Both 2 & 3

What is the name of what is circled?

1. mRNA binding site

2. Amino acid binding site

3. Anticodon

4. Codon

An mRNA codon with the sequence ACU would complementary pair with what tRNA sequence?

1. ACU

2. TGA

3. UGT

4. UGA

5. None of the above

A DNA sequence of CAC codes for what amino acid?

1. Histidine

2. Valine

3. Glutamic acid

4. None of the above

What is the diploid number of this cell?

1. 2

2. 3

3. 6

4. 12

How many chromosomes will this cell have in Anaphase II?

1. 3

2. 6

3. 12

4. 24

How many alleles does a man have for a gene that is found on an autosome?

1. 0

2. 1

3. 2

4. 4

What process is illustrated and when does it occur?

1. Kinetochore attachment: prophase I

2. Recombination: fertilization

3. Crossing over: prophase I

4. Recombination: prometaphase

Which of the following is a testcross?

1. AaBb x AaBb

2. AaBB x aaBB

3. aabb x aabb

4. AaBb x aabb

What is the phenotypic ratio of the following cross? Aa x Aa

1. 3 Aa: 1 Aa

2. 1AA: 2Aa: 1aa

3. 3 black: 1 white

4. 1 black: 2 lethal/dead: 1 white

Which of the following genotypes is incorrectly paired with its phenotype? (R: Rh + / r: Rh-)

1. IBIB rr B-

2. IBi Rr B+

3. ii Rr O-

4. IAIB Rr AB+

Which chromosome is absolutely necessary for an embryos survival?

1. Autosome Y

2. Sex chromosome Y

3. Sex chromosome X

4. All of the above

Which of the following inheritance patterns is incorrectly paired with its definition?

1. Autosomal recessive: organism needs 2 alleles to show phenotype

2. Pleiotropy: several genes encode information for 1 phenotype

3. Epistasis: 1 gene can suppress effect/product of another gene

4. Sex-linked recessive: women need 2 alleles and men need 1 allele to show phenotype

What is the function of PCR?

1. Increase the amount of specific DNA regions

2. Identify an individuals genotype

3. Provide a DNA fingerprint

4. Test for paternity

5. All of the above

Why do DNA fragments move in gel electrophoresis?

1. They are small

2. They are nonpolar

3. They have a negative charge

4. They are ionic

What is the function of restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

1. Anneal to DNA

2. Splice DNA

3. Elongate DNA

4. Seal DNA

Which of the following is an example of sympatric speciation?

1. A polyploidy plant

2. A diploid plant

3. 2 species of squirrel separated by the Grand Canyon

4. 1 & 3

Which of the following is NOT a condition of Hardy-Weinberg?

1. Small population

2. No mutation

3. Random mating

4. No gene flow

5. No natural selection

A disease is inherited recessively. If the frequency of the A allele in a population is 0.4, what would be the

frequency of inheriting the disease?

1. 40%

2. 16%

3. 60%

4. 36%

What was the result of Miller & Urey’s experiment?

1. Protobionts were seen

2. The atmosphere became an oxidizing one

3. Enzymes were synthesized

4. Amino acids were synthesized

What is convergent evolution?

1. Evolution of similar trait in unrelated lineages

2. Evolution of similar trait in related lineages

3. Accumulation of differences between groups which may lead to speciation

4. Convergent evolution is synonymous with adaptive radiation.

A change in allele frequency would be most likely in which situation?

1. When an ecosystem is stable

2. After a massive hurricane

3. If a region goes through a severe drought

4. All of the above

5. 2 & 3

Which hominid fossil was the first to be found outside of Africa?

1. Australopithicus africanus

2. Homo erectus

3. Homo neanderthalis

4. Homo habilis

5. Homo sapiens

Which hominid fossil was the first to be found with a change in diet & evidence of fire?

1. Australopithicus afarensis

2. Homo erectus

3. Homo neanderthalis

4. Homo habilis

5. Homo sapiens

Which hominid fossil was the first to be found with an increase in cranial capacity?

1. Australopithicus africanus

2. Homo erectus

3. Homo neanderthalis

4. Homo habilis

5. Australopithicus afarensis

6. Ardipithicus ramidus

Which of the following is NOT a trait of primates?

1. Mobile arms

2. Grasping limbs with fingers & opposable thumb

3. Stereoscopic vision (eyes in front with overlapping fields of view)

4. Speech

5. All are traits of primates