FINAL - Agritaf · A kitchen garden is part of the home plot used to grow foods for the household’s direct consumption. The shape and form it takes can be very different. What is

Kitchen Garden Guidelines

FINAL

30th June

2017

Paul Sommers | AGRICULTURE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FACILITY

Author: Paul Sommers

Co-editors: Lucy Schalkwijk

Project synopsis

Agri-TAF is a £4 million Technical Assistance Facility operating over 4 years (2016-2020) that provides additional resources, analysis and expertise to ensure increases in agricultural productivity are sustainable and inclusive. The Facility is part of a £38.25 million DFID support package for the five year (2014-2019 Programme of Support for Agriculture (PoSA) which supports the implementation of the Government of Rwanda (GoR) agriculture strategy, through a World Bank Programme for Results (PforR).

Agri-TAF is based in MINAGRI. The Design & Inception Phase work commenced on 11th January 2016 and implementation started on 25th July 2016.

The expected outcome is the “Efficient and effective delivery of agricultural services enabled by MINAGRI and its agencies”. The following results are expected at output level:

1. MINAGRI agricultural Management Information System is strengthened, operational and utilised

2. The capacity of MINAGRI and its agenciesmainstreamcutting(gender, environment, climate

change and nutrition) strengthened

3. Improved knowledge and analysis on key cross-cutting issues by MINAGRI (gender, environment,

climate change and nutrition).

Disclaimer The British Government’s Department for International Development (DFID) financed this work as part of the United Kingdom’s aid programme. However, the views and recommendations contained in this report are those of the consultant, and DFID is not responsible for, or bound by the recommendations made.


Table of Contents

1 – WHY DO WE PROMOTE KITCHEN GARDENS? .......................................................... 4

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 4 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 THE ROLE OF MINAGRI AND ITS STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................... 4 1.3 WHAT IS A KITCHEN GARDEN? .................................................................................. 5 1.4 WHY HAVE A KITCHEN GARDEN? ............................................................................... 6

2 – KITCHEN GARDEN APPROACH: CRITERIA FOR SUCCESSFUL PROMOTION ........ 8

2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF FLEXIBILITY AND CHOICE ............................................. 8 2.1 KEY MESSAGES FOR BETTER ADOPTION OF KITCHEN GARDENS ................................. 8 2.2 EVOLUTION OF KITCHEN GARDENS (FROM MORE PRESCRIPTIVE TO MORE CHOICE) ...... 9

3 – THE CHOICE OF CROPS: KEY FOR NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES ............................ 10

3 THE SELECTION OF CROPS FOR THE KITCHEN GARDEN ................................... 10 3.1 EXAMPLES OF MICRONUTRIENT DENSE PLANTS FOR HOME GARDENS ........................ 11

4 – COORDINATION, REPORTING AND M&E .................................................................. 13 4.2.1 REPORTING .......................................................................................................... 14 4.2.2 INTERVENTION LOGIC FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 14

ANNEX 1. KEY MESSAGES FOR IMPLEMENTERS ................................................... 16

ANNEX 2. “DO NO HARM” CHECKLIST ..................................................................... 16


1 – Why do we promote Kitchen Gardens?

1 Introduction Gardens are the launching point for directly addressing agriculture’s role in improving nutritional outcomes at household level through two critical pathways: “Own production – own consumption” and “Women’s Empowerment.” Gardens around the home are traditionally managed by women and serve as the most direct and daily source for complementary foods to staple crops grown in their field plots.

1.1 Problem Statement

Some key figures help illustrate the urgency of the malnutrition problem in Rwanda:

80% of children in live in Ubudehe Category #1 households

44% of children stunted. Highest rates in Northern and Western Province

38% of children with Iron deficiency (Anaemia). Highest in Eastern Province

Animal products are rarely consumed in rural areas (from once per month to once per year)

Fruits and vegetables rarely consumed

About 65% is spent on food from which only 2% goes into fruits and vegetables resulting in

poor dietary diversity and micronutrient deficiencies.

Source: Nutrition Action Plan

The main food security challenge for smallholder farming families is how best to combine their limited resources of farmland, homelot and family labour in such a way as to avoid hunger. Factors that affect household food insecurity are specific, contextual, and unpredictable.

The main food security pathways open to most Rwandan households who produce food are through indirect and or direct action:

1. Increasing the economic value of farm produce to generate revenue through field plots.

(indirect)

2. Increasing dietary diversification through consumption of their cultivated and non-cultivated

foods through kitchen gardens (direct)

3. Purchase foods missing in the diet if local markets exist

4. A combination of all three

For households, home plots have a multi-function nature – for both food growing and income generation. It is important to keep this in mind when developing solutions to address the above problems. Stakeholders should also look at other factors; such as the non-cultivated food sources on the home plot that are part of the integrated food system of households.

1.2 The Role of MINAGRI and its Stakeholders

The Ministry of Agriculture has a key role in contributing to the resolution of this malnutrition problem. MINAGRI is responsible for the production of food crops and food security in the country. The majority of Rwandan households and especially the most vulnerable ones (Ubudehe categories 1 and 2) are farmers whose main livelihood depends on the output from their agricultural production.

In collaboration with social cluster ministries, MINAGRI is therefore tackling the undernutrition challenge through its programme strategy.

Overview of MINAGRI’s strategy for addressing malnutrition

MINAGRI has a policy, strategy and a specific Nutrition Action Plan (NAP) that aims to

mainstream nutrition sensitivity into agriculture.

The Nutrition Sub Sector Working Group (NNSSWG) is established and coordinates

agriculture and nutrition activities amongst state and non-state actors in Rwanda

MINAGRI has national programs, especially the Crop Intensification Programme (CIP) and

the Kitchen Garden programme, designed to increase the overall food availability, affordability


and utilization. It has other programmes such as Girinka and One Cup per child that are also

designed to avail certain food types and income generation possibilities to vulnerable

households.

MINAGRI has stepped up its efforts to address this problem by reassessing its agricultural

programmes to ensure they are nutrition-sensitive, especially the Kitchen Garden program

addressed through these guidelines

The Kitchen Garden Program

The aim is to address dietary diversity through the promotion of a direct food source next to

the kitchen. MINAGRI and multiple NGOs have designed and published posters showing the

“ideal” kitchen garden including its structure and the precise crops to be grown, especially

short term management intensive seasonal “vegetables.” Women are the targeted gender as

they are responsible for the family meals and the gardens are located next to the home. The

program impact is currently measured by the number of garden structures established. It has

been very successful in increasing the number of kitchen gardens throughout the country.

However, concern was raised by NSSWG members about the emphasis on promoting the

garden structure and the number of kitchen gardens established (according to that structure)

instead of the choice of crops promoted and their relationship to specific dietary gaps

documented in the local community. Another point raised by the Chairperson of the NNSSWG

was the lack of sustainable (year-round) adoption of kitchen gardens by Rwandan

Households.

In 2016, Agri-TAF undertook an analysis for MINAGRI on its nutrition-sensitive agriculture capacity and knowledge gaps. In this analysis, some limitations to the effectiveness of the implementation of the GoR Kitchen Gardens initiative were flagged, particularly concerning the need for dietary diversity.

In sum, the current kitchen garden program strategy and measures of impact are not yet sufficiently translating into improved dietary diversity and nutritional outcomes. One part of the solution is developing these guidelines as an important first step to ensure resources and key messages clearly address the issue of malnutrition. The emphasis shifts from a focus of prescriptive gardens to one of incremental change within existing homelot food systems by identifying and promoting specific groups of crops to solve specific dietary gaps.

1.3 What is a kitchen garden?

A kitchen garden is part of the home plot used to grow foods for the household’s direct consumption. The shape and form it takes can be very different. What is important is its impact on the diet and subsequent nutritional status of the household. The key features below clarify the concept of a kitchen garden – what it is and what it is not.

A kitchen garden is… A kitchen garden is NOT…

located in the home compound (often

near the site where family meals are

prepared)

a specific plot of land with precise

structures, designs, and dimensions

consisting of specific crops

an immediate source of fresh greens

and other vegetables, spices, herbs, and

fruits for harvesting during the cooking

process

disempowering for women by having

them concentrate a lot of their time and

money on crops that have little nutritional

benefits and provide little income on the

market


A kitchen garden is… A kitchen garden is NOT…

designed to take advantage of the varied

soils and landscape conditions of the

home plot1

empowering for women farmers to use

their existing resources and cultural food

preferences to add to the diversity of

cultivated and non-cultivated food crops

available for their households. This will

result in direct consumption and dietary

diversity without taking away much of

their time from other important caring and

income-generating activities

Table 1: key features of a “kitchen” garden

1.4 Why have a kitchen garden?

As explained in the problem statement and the section on the role of MINAGRI above, MINAGRI is

promoting the kitchen garden approach with small holder farming households as one of the key

programmes along with others to address food insecurity and chronic malnutrition.

A kitchen garden can be a quick and sustainable solution to address micronutrient dietary gaps

for the majority of families. A kitchen garden that has the key features listed above, has the below

benefits for the farmer households.

1 e.g. climbing plants on fences, side and roof of dwellings; hydrophilic plants in wet areas; drought tolerant plants in dry area, plants requiring high maintenance near the cooking area; low maintenance away from the cooking area


Figure 1: benefits of kitchen gardens for small holder farmer households

An example of a Nutrition-Agriculture link

Complementary feeding for infants is one of seven activities of the ** Essential Nutrition Action global

guidelines. The first step is to identify with decision-making members of the household the range of

locally grown foods that are traditionally used as first foods. The next step is identifying which of the

foods are grown around the home compound and which ones are not. The third step is to arrange

with the community for a local plant exchange so that households trade and fill in crop gaps in their

home compound. Cultivating a diverse range of crops for complementary feeding in the home

compound, coupled with conversations on the importance of feeding these foods to infants, is one

example of how a specific nutritional impact can be achieved through agriculture-nutrition linkage. The

example further highlights the necessity of applying key programming principles (below) when working

on the food production- to-consumption pathway.


2 – Kitchen Garden Approach: Criteria for

Successful Promotion

2 Guiding principles of flexibility and choice So far, the lack of (sustainable) adoption of kitchen gardens has been an issue for the GoR Kitchen Garden Program. Although large numbers are recorded of newly established kitchen gardens, the number of recommended plants surviving multiple seasons in those kitchen gardens are minimal and the sustained impact on addressing dietary gaps unclear. Successful examples of kitchen garden adoption in the country and abroad have shown that flexibility and choice are the key to the successful adoption. As the Government of Rwanda has chosen the kitchen garden approach to address specific dietary gaps (of micronutrient dense foods), flexibility is important as it allows women (who are mostly the ones growing these crops) to decide what to grow, how, where and when. Choice is important as these crops are meant to be consumed in the household diet, as women know what their family members like and how they cook – choice of crop is important for them to feel empowered to use their kitchen garden to meet their family’s dietary needs. It is also important as the crop should suit the specific climatic conditions, soil and size of their plot. Another benefit of choice is that women can choose crops that are less labour intensive, so they can tend to their on-going essential duties of caring for their children and generating income. Some key messages in this regard can be found in the below table.

2.1 Key Messages for better adoption of Kitchen Gardens

Messages for Home Food Growers Messages for Extension workers

Kitchen gardens can save income: cut

down your costs of buying food.

The structure of the kitchen garden plot

and the choice crops grown can be very

different from one kitchen garden to

another. This is perfectly fine, as long

as they are producing nutritious foods

that are eaten by the farmers’

households.

Gardens can improve the health of your

family. You choose nutritious crops that

fit easily into your family’s cooking and

eating habits

Look at what households are already

planting and support them to improve

their practices, rather than introduce

new techniques that are difficult, time-

consuming and produce food they do

not consume.

You choose how you use your land,

labour, tools, and which crops you pick

(from a list) as long as you produce

nutritious foods and ensure they are

consumed by you and your family

members

Observe current land use patterns.

Identify options where additional crops

can be planted (wet areas, dry, fertile

soil, infertile soil, fences, side of

sheds/buildings)

You choose where to plant so that you

use the land efficiently.

Identify options for:

crop intensification

(growing a mixture of more

crops per unit of land for

small plots of farming land)

crop diversification


(growing additional varieties

of micro-nutrient rich crops)

You can grow healthy crops from what

is available around/near your home.

Improve yields and nutrient quality by

enhancing soil quality by adding organic

matter and water retention through

mulching, etc.

You can better preserve the crops you

grow

improve post-harvest quality through

tweaking existing home level

preservation and safety methods

Table 2: Messages for better adoption of kitchen gardens

2.2 Evolution of kitchen gardens (from more prescriptive to more choice)

Figure 2: Evolution of the kitchen garden approach


3 – The Choice of Crops: key for nutritional

outcomes

3 The Selection of Crops for the Kitchen Garden

The selection of crops should be based on the need to close specific dietary gaps. The aim in

selecting locally known plants (cultivated or wild) is to provide a sustainable year-round supply of

micronutrient dense foods. As we found out in the previous chapter choice is an important condition

for the adoption of kitchen gardens and ultimately for improved food security and nutritional outcomes.

In order to empower women in these choices, you will find some tools (in this chapter and related

annexes) that will inform them of the nutritional value of crops, the areas where they grow well and the

seasons during which they can grow.

Those involved in coordinating the implementation of gardens in Rwanda can use below checklist of

sustainable practices to guide implementation

The guiding principle in the area of crop diversity: farmers should grow whatever they can (mixture

of nutrient-dense seasonal/annual, bi-annual, and fruit tree crops), with whatever they have

(umuhoro and a panga (Bush knives), isuka (a hoe), incyamuro (a small hand hoe)), wherever they

can (front, back, sides of dwellings), whenever they can (wet season, dry season, year-round). Non-

cultivated” wild” food crops should also be identified and promoted.

CHECKLIST OF SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

COMPILE A LIST OF LOCAL PLANTS (WILD AND

CULTIVATED) COMMONLY USED IN MEALS

PREPARE A SIMPLE CROP CALENDAR TO IDENTIFY THE

SEASONS WHEN THEY ARE AVAILABLE FOR USE IN

MEALS

WORK WITH HEALTH/NUTRITON STAFF TO IDENTIFY

MONTHS WHEN THERE ARE ACUTE DIEATRY GAPS

WORK WITH HEALTH/NUTRITION STAFF TO IDENTIFY THE

KEY NUTRIENT VALUE OF EACH CROP

IDENTIFY THE IDEAL LOCATION FOR EACH CROP (WET,

DRY, SHADE, ON A FENCE)

VISIT HOUSEHOLD AND WALK THE LAND WITH THE FOOD

GARDENER. IDENTIFY WHAT IS GROWING NOW AND

WHAT THEY GROW IN OTHER SEASONS

IDENTIFY GAPS IN TERMS OF NUTRIENTS AND

PRODUCTIVITY.

PRESENT LOW INPUT OPTIONS TO THE HOUSEHOLD FOR

CLOSING BOTH DIETARY AND AGRONOMIC GAPS

HAVE THE GARDENER IDENTIFY SPECIFIC CHANGES

THEY PLAN TO IMPLEMENT AND RECORD THEM

FOLLOW-UP ON PROGRESS TOWARDS CHANGES


3.1 Examples of micronutrient dense plants for home gardens

Crop Labour intensity Low/High

Ready for use in (season)

Storage

Squash fruit/tips/seeds Igihaza

Low All Yes

Sweet potato (orange)

Low All Yes

Passion Fruit

Low All, with most in the rainy season

No

Chayote

Low All No

Tree Tomato

Low All No

Taro Leaf

Low All On the plant until needed




Storage

Cassava Leaf


Sweet potato (leaves


Isogi(spider plant)

Low All but limited in the dry season

yes

Bean Leaves

Low Season B Yes dried




Storage

Dodo (Amaranth)

Low All but limited in the dry season

On the plant until needed

4 – Coordination, Reporting and M&E

4.1 Coordination

The NSSWG will serve as an advisory organ to coordinate harmonised kitchen garden implementation providing technical and operations guidance to the members including MINAGRI/RAB. The RAB Kitchen Garden programme is responsible for the implementation of the government kitchen garden programme. These guidelines offer other stakeholders as well as those in the government system clarity on the reasons for promoting kitchen garden guidelines and the messages that should be passed on to extension workers and farmers. Entry points for coordination of government garden activities include:

Coordination of kitchen garden related activities should be done through the District Malnutrition Committee (DMC) and will need to include frontline extension workers (District and Sector Agronomists, SEDOs, Farmer Fields School Facilitators and Farmer Promoters) as well as District Health and Nutritionists and Community Health Workers working together, sharing information and aligning key messages. NGOs and other stakeholders engaging in kitchen garden related activities should ensure alignment to these guidelines, and in particular:

Align to the listed key messages (section 2)


Ensure the use of sustainable practices (section 3), Promote a diversity of nutrient-dense food crops that are not too labour-intensive and easy to

grow all year round (see suggested list of crops in section 3) Ensure regular communication with the government personnel involved in kitchen gardens

(see above summary) Participate in the DMC

In addition, below information can guide on the M&E of kitchen garden interventions. NGOs with a Head Office in Kigali can ensure closer communication and involvement with MINAGRI by participating in the Nutrition Sub Sector Working Group (NSSWG) as well as the Food and Nutrition Technical Working Group under the National Food and Nutrition Coordination Secretariat (NFNCS) under MINALOC. At district level, the JADF which includes NGOs, Private sector and Government should also be part of the implementation of the KG guidelines.

4.2 Data Collection and Analysis

4.2.1 Reporting

The members of the NSSWG have their own agency garden monitoring/ reporting requirements in place now, especially for outputs. The current output indicators for the GoR Kitchen Gardens Program are:

a. Number of kitchen garden installed b. Number of frontline extension agents trained on kitchen garden importance, demonstration establishment and nutrition education; c. Number of households’ farmers owning fruit trees; d. Number of households’ farmers owning small animal.

The new guidelines offer an expansion of current output indicators to include choice and flexibility of a wider range of crops and livestock as well as an outcome indicator that measures the link between the increased diversity of crops and livestock to increased dietary diversity in terms of quality, quantity, and additional months that food is available. See 4.2.2 Output and Outcome indicators.

4.2.2 Intervention Logic Framework

Theory of Change- If food insecure households are provided with essential guidance, using an

adaptive, incremental strategy that builds on their current land use and food system, on specific low

input self-help actions to close dietary gaps through home good growing, they will select the

information applicable to their homelot and apply it to improve their dietary intake.

Overall aim: To improve household food and nutrition security, especially for mothers and infants through dietary diversity. Overall objective: To address micronutrient malnutrition, frontline extension staff in the Kitchen Garden program, will introduce to households at least one micronutrient nutrient dense crop every year from 1.1 and 1.2 that is locally available, drought tolerant, traditionally consumed, and accessible during the lean/hungry season. 1.0 Output Indicators Number of new or improved gardens that include:

1.1) Vegetables/seasonal crops. At least one micronutrient dense crop from a and from b: (a) green leafy - cassava, sweet potato, taro, dodo, pumpkin tips, isogi, etc. and (b) orange flesh-pumpkin, orange sweet potato, passion fruit, ,tree tomato etc.

1.2) *Trees: At least one tree each year- Ex. Avocado, guava, citrus, papaya, drumstick (moringa)


1.3) Number of small livestock that continuously produce milk or eggs.

*May depend on land rights

2.0 Outcome Indicator Increased and diversified food production/post production (crop and livestock). 2.1 Percentage of households that now grow and consume 3 x/week(?) fresh micronutrient dense foods and or livestock products during the lean/hungry season The output indicators reflect the real change as they show how these garden investments can impact the closing of dietary gaps in terms of increased availability, utilization, stability.

Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Timebound

Yes: The “who”

and the action

are identified.

Yes: Crop baseline

is stated and can

be tracked to see

if it is achieved in

the lean season.

Crop/Dietary

Diversity scoring

can be used.

Yes: Data from

neighboring countries

show targeting crops

for the lean season is

successful. Rwandan

are experienced in

growing a variety of

food crops

Yes:

Micronutrient

malnutrition is a

significant issue

in this country, in

children under

five.

Yes: A

concrete

timeframe is

identified

(every year)


5 Annexes

Annex 1. Key messages for implementers 1) Promote a unifying program message for implementers, e.g. “Gardens for closing dietary gaps.”

Program strategy, including indicators, are built around this message. 2) Build on existing knowledge, skills, resources, and current land use pattern of households. 3) The most effective way to provide meaningful resilient guidance is to identify ways within the

existing home garden cropping system where there are real opportunities for intensifying, diversifying and or improving the productivity of the existing crops.

4) The theme should be to provide options for encouraging women to grow whatever they can, wherever they can, with whatever they have, to address their family’s dietary gaps.

5) Home gardens are usually managed by females. Ensure the strategy truly empowers women. It should not add a workload burden to women by overhauling the existing home lot food system.

6) Identify options for enhancing the nutrient value of the garden crops throughout the entire cycle (production to post-harvest)

7) Total return per unit of land (mixed cropping) is more important than maximum the yield of one crop.

8) Diverse home garden landscapes are multifunctional, multipurpose and build resilience, for example: food, fiber, livestock feed, income, medicines, shelter, spiritual. Diverse home landscapes with multiple crops result in diverse resilient diets throughout the year.

9) Nutrition promotion should be a single theme and very clear: create demand for foods currently missing in the household’s diet, especially infants and mothers, that can be grown on the home lot. Refrain from presenting nutrition concepts that are not essential to creating change in dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices.

Annex 2. “Do no harm” checklist Interventions should ensure that they do not cause any unforeseen outcomes that leave women less empowered, households less resilient and could even cause some adverse outcomes in terms of the nutritional status of pregnant women and infants. To ensure that interventions in kitchen gardens do not cause any such side effects, please use the “Do no harm checklist” Ensure actions do not reduce resilience and increase the risk of food insecurity. Impact on availability, access, utilization is checked first before any action is taken.

Projects should NOT be about:

One size fits all. (Inputs, messages, messenger group always the same). Development interventions must be contextual for true impact and sustainability.

Giving away supplies and equipment to change agents and or farmers. Dolling out things at no cost rarely improves the situation. In fact, it often makes matters worse causing conflict between neighbours. Supplies should be programmed carefully so that they add value by addressing specific dietary gaps. Most poor households have few resources to buy these expensive items once the project activity is completed.

Introducing quick impact activities designed to kick start home grown food activities as they may have unintended consequences on child nutrition, gender, natural resource management, and contribute to interhousehold conflict. Promotion of commercial inputs for home food production, especially new and potentially high-value commercial crops, could negatively impact on the family's nutritional status. Limited and valuable family resources could be diverted to produce the high-risk crop for the market instead.

Promoters of kitchen gardens may look at it as a distinct and separate activity from the other food production activities carried out in field plots but households view home food growing as an as an integrated component of their food system. (cultivated and non-cultivated)

The science of nutrition. E.g. 3, 5, etc. food “groups”, protein, calories, vitamins, etc. These are academic terms that are confusing to households and are often counterproductive.


Messages should start with what they are doing right and only be about a household's specific nutrition issue-gaps in the diets. Start with the main staple and show how to fill in gaps. Show how, through self-help, families can address the issue of child hunger in their household. (availability, access, utilization, stability)

Source: FAO Nutrition Improvement Though the HomeGardening.

Annex 3. Resources

FAO-IMPROVING NUTRITION THROUGH HOME GARDENING

MANUAL FOR CHC FACILITATORS MANUAL FOR CHC FACILITATORS

EU TRAINING SCHOOL GARDEN GUIDE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS,

2016,

EU TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT THE COUNTRY- WIDE ESTABLISHMENT

OF MODEL SCHOOL NUTRITION GARDENS IN RWANDA, 2015,

GUIDELINES FOR THE ENMARKED FUND IMPLIMENTATION OF THE DECENTRALIZED

PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK SECTOR 2016-2017

KITCHEN GARDENS TRAINING MANUAL, RAB, 2016

KITCHEN GARDENS TRAINING MANUAL, MINAGRI, CICA 2016

RWANDA NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICY

NATIONAL HORTICULTURE POLICY AND STRATEGIC IMPLIMENTATION PLAN, NAEB,

2014

AGRI-TAF NUTRITION INCEPTION AND DESIGN REPORT 2016

http://www.fao.org/3/a-x3996e/index.html

http://www.africaahead.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2011-Rwanda-CHW-Manual-text-only.english.pdf

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Agriculture Technical Assistance Facility MINAGRI KG 569 Street Kigali Rwanda

[email protected]

Documents

FINAL - Agritaf · A kitchen garden is part of the home plot used to grow foods for the household’s direct consumption. The shape and form it takes can be very different. What is