SUBMITTED BYSANCHIT AGRAWAL UIT-RGPV

• Formed under the act of parliament- AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA ACT 1994.

• Organization under the Ministry of Civil Aviation that manages all the airports in India.

• Major revenue is generated from airports development, landing/parking fees and fees charged for providing Air Traffic Control services to aircraft over the Indian airspace.

Airports Authority of India (AAI)

Services Provided by AAI

• Control and management of the Indian air space.• Installation and maintenance of various

communication, navigation and surveillance aids. • Design, development, operation and maintenance

of passenger terminals. • Development and management of cargo terminals.• Passenger facilities and information system. • Rescue and fire services.• Anti-Hijacking cell.

Air Traffic Control

• A wing of AAI.• Provides control over air traffic. • Decides air-routes over Indian airspace. • Responsibilities also includes 1.) Area flight information. 2.) Notice to air-men (NOTAM) 3.) Communication services. 4.) Navigational services. 5.) Surveillance services.

Phonetic Alphabet

A- Alpha J- Juliet S- SierraB- Bravo K-Kilo T- TangoC- Charlie L- Lima U- UniforD- Delta M-Mike V- VictorE- Echo N- November W-WhiskeyF- Foxtrot O-Oscar X- X-rayG-Golf P- Papa Y- YankeeH-HotelQ-Quebec Z- ZuluI - India R- Romeo

Communication

• Process of transferring information from one source to another.

• Ground to Ground: Communication among stations on the ground.

• Ground to Air: Between pilot and the air traffic controller.

• Air to Air: Between the pilots of two aircrafts in the air.

Communication

• HF or VHF is used for communication between controller and pilot.

• Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network(AFTN) is used for communication among ground stations.

• AFTN uses basic copper wire as communication media.

Navigation and NAV-AIDS

• It is a process of reading and controlling the movement of an aircraft from one place to another.

• NDB: Transmits guiding signals towards a particular aircraft at a particular frequency.

• DVOR: Directional VHF omni-range measures the angular orientation of the aircraft with respect to the magnetic north.

Navigation and NAV-AIDS

I.L.S. (Instrument Landing System)• Localizer : Helps aircraft to identify the central

line of runway.• Range:- 10-25 NM• Frequency:- 108-111.9 MHz• Glide Path : Gives the glide angle i.e. angle of

declination achieve for safe landing.• Range:- 10 NM(-8 to +8 degrees)• Safe glide angle:- 2-4 degrees

Localizer

Glide Path

DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE FUNCTIONING AND POSITIONING OF

NAV-AIDS

DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT(DME) :

• DME is used in navigational aid which provide a pilot with visual info regarding his position(distance) related to ground base DME station.

• The frequency range used for DME is between 960 MHz to 1215 MHz . This frequency is used because it has better frequency stability comparative to next higher frequencies in microwave band.

• It has less reflection and attenuation.

DVOR

MSSR POWER SUPPLY Bhopal

Raw Supply

MCB 1

63A

MCB2

63A

Main Surge filter 1

30KVAUPS1

30KVAUPS2MSF 2

40 Batteries

40 Batteries

O/PSURGE Filter

MCB 3

63A

DUMSTD All

Mode Search

Protection

Mains BP

PCB3P

T-1P

T-1P SpareRACK

Spare

T-1PT-1PPCB

Commutator Box

I II

Mode - SRadar

Surveillance

• Monitoring from a distance, by means of equipment installed at each airport, the movement of all the aircrafts within its region of operation.

• Primary and secondary radars are used to aid surveillance in civil as well as military aviation.

• Surface Movement Radar is used to monitor the movement of the aircraft on runways or taxiways.

Radars at ATC

Primary Radar :• No role of target. • Detection range upto 60NM. • Frequency range is between 2 to 4 GHz.• Operates at 15RPM. • Consumes more power.Secondary Radar: • Target has to participate in the detection process. • Target uses a transponder to reflect signal back. • Detection range is upto 220 NM. • Frequency range is between 1 to 2 GHz.

VHF (Very High Frequency)

• The VHF (very high frequency) range of Radio Spectrum is the band which extends from 30 MHz to 300 Mhz.

• Band used for communication at the airport is 118- 136 MHz.

• Less affected by atmospheric noise and interference from electrical equipment.

• Easily blocked by land features than HF.

HF(High Frequency)

• The HF (high frequency) range of Radio Spectrum is the band which extends from 3 MHz to 30 Mhz.

• Ionosphere wave propagation. • At oceanic regions no LOS communication is

possible, hence HF is used. • Noise immunity is very low.

Security Equipments Used in Airport

X-RAYs • X -ray is used in x-ray baggage systems. In this

a baggage put in scanner ,then it would show colour according to material.

Metal Detector• Handheld Metal Detector• Door Frame Metal Detector

Security Equipments

Baggage

Inorganic

Organic

Metal

HHMDDFMD

Conclusion

• Very enriching experience• Practical application of theoretical concepts in

form of various equipments and processes• Cooperative and encouraging staff makes it a

true learning experience

Thank You