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Preparedness to Prevent Mitigate orPreparedness to Prevent, Mitigate, or Improve Disaster Response and Recovery II
Rod SniderAmerican Red CrossAmerican Red Cross
American Red Cross
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGEAND CLIMATE CHANGE
Disaster Trends
Increased Vulnerability
Frequency and Scale of Disasters Increasing
Global Trends
• Population Growth• Urbanization/Migrationg• Displacement• Conflict (primarily over
resources)• Climate Change
Climate Change Effects Occurrence of Extreme Eventsof Extreme Events
Strong WindWater ResourceWater Resource
ManagementManagement Food Food securitysecurity
EnergyEnergy
Intensity Coastal Marine Hazards HealthHealth IndustryIndustryTransportTransport
Tropical CyclonesUrban areasUrban areas
Heavy rainfall / FloodHazards’ intensityand frequency
i i
Vulnerability and Exposure on the rise !
Heatwaves
are increasing
Need for Climate Smart
Frequency
Climate SmartDisaster RiskManagement
Early impacts of climate change are felt in least developed countries throughin least developed countries through increase in extreme climate events
Source: CRED (2008)
Traditional hazards with potential for disaster
Tsunamis
E th kVolcanic
HazardsEarthquakesVolcanic
eruption
HurricanesSoil Erosion
Increased rainfall
Decreased rainfall
Droughts
Sea-level rise
Deforestation
Increase inOver Heat wave
Change and
Increase in temperature
M lti l i
Water, air and soil pollution
exploitation of minerals
Climate Change
loss of biodiversity
Melting glaciers and glacial lakes
Open cast quarrying
Environmental Degradation
Tidal surges
Impacts of Traditional Hazards
gdestroying coastline
settlements
Building collapse
Lava flows destroying
ttl t
Impactsp
settlements
Increased soil salinity Food
insecurity
Reduced water resources
L f Increased mortality and
morbidity
DisplacementSoil
insecurity
Loss of infrastructure, housing and
FamineLoss of biodiversity
LandslidesSoil
erosion
Ill health
Cli tSoil Erosion
Floods
lives
Loss of livelihoods
erosion
Loss of hydro power
Dry riversLack of water for
drinking and
Loss of farmland
Climate Change Impacts
Loss of medicinal resources
Food insecurity
Dry rivers
Increased malariaReduced food
productionDisplacement of indigenous communities
gfarming
Flash flooding
Environmental Degradation Impacts
Tsunami early warning
Disaster Risk Reduction
y g
Earthquake resistant
Eruption monitoring
Evacuation plans
Interventionsconstruction
AppropriateCyclone shelters
Sustainable forest management
L d i h Appropriate technologies
Rainwater harvesting
Famine early
warning systems
Mangrove planting
Proper waste management
Cli t
Land tenure rights advocacy
Traditional knowledge capture
Sustainable agriculture
and fisheries Reforestation
Disease control
Energy efficiency
Sustainable energy
IWRM and Water safety plans
Land restoration
Climate Change
AdaptationBetter insulation of
Floodwater drainage systems
Natural resource
management
Use of organic
fertilisers and
pesticides
Disease control
Protection of biodiversity
gygeneration
y p insulation of buildings
Share more transport
pesticides
Sustainable Natural Resource Management
More efficient transport
Ganges Watershed
Disaster Risk Reduction has Reduced Human Losses
Economic losses related to345
495
400
450
500
Geological
Hydrometeorological
Billions of USD per decade
related to disasters are on the way up160
345
103150
200
250
300
350
the way up…4 11 14
2447
88103
0
50
100
150
56-65 66-75 76-85 86-95 96-05decade
GeologicalMillions of casualties per decade
2.66
2
2.5
3
g
Hydrometeorological
p
While casualties related to hydro‐
l i l 1.73
0.65 0.671
1.5
2meteorological disasters are decreasing
0.050.17
0.39
0.22 0.25 0.22
0
0.5
56-65 66-75 76-85 86-95 96-05decade
decreasing
Source: CRED (2008)
Global Humanitarian Challenges
• Preparing/responding to the proliferation of small/medium localized events (floods) vs. ( )Large/mega disasters (Tsunami, Haiti)
• Urban (peri-urban, slums, informal settlements) DRR/R /RDRR/Response/Recovery
• Paradigm shift from Food/NFI distribution to Cash Transfer Program for effective and efficientCash Transfer Program for effective and efficient rapid response
• Ineffective Coordination/Collaboration – workingIneffective Coordination/Collaboration working in sectors/silos
The International Disaster The International Disaster Response “Fog”Response “Fog”p gp g
UNDACMEDIAHumanitarianCoordinator
OCHAGAff t dAff t d
AffectedGovernment
UNDACMEDIA Coordinator
DonorGovt’s
OSSOC
Geneva
HumanitarianCoordinator
AffectedAffectedPopulationPopulation
Host National Society
UNDPICRC
P i t
MIL
Coordinator
CMOC DART
Society
UNICEF UNHCRPrivateSector
NGOs
WFP
NGOs
MIL
NGOsNationalNGO
NationalS i ti
HumanitarianCoordinator AmbassadorsIFRC
NGOsNationalSocieties NGOsSocieties
thank you.Matt Marek/American Red Cross
y