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Filters & Flash
COM 241
Photography I
Color Filters
• Tungsten (indoor) light– Tungsten light gives image yellowish cast
• Blue filter (80A)
• Lose 2 f-stops
• Fluorescent light– Gives image blue/green cast
• Use FL or 30M filter (magenta filter)
• Lose 1 f-stop
• To set WB
– Press WB button on camera back
– Set white balance to AWB or desired setting by turning dial while looking at LCD panel
All purpose filters
• Neutral density– Absorbs light from all parts of light spectrum
– Comes in various densities
– Lose about 1 to 13 stops
• Skylight– Used to protect lens
– No lose in f-stop
– Also eliminates ultraviolet light
• Polarizing– Reduces reflections– Also darkens blue sky– Lose about 1 stop
Critique of direct flash
• Throws unnatural black shadows behind subject– Lighting usually looks too harsh
• Sometimes there’s uneven lighting– Subjects in front look lighter, in back darker
• Sometimes get bad reflections– People wearing glasses
Problems with using direct flash:
Bright spots, reflections
Uneven lighting(light foreground, dark background)
Dark, sharp shadows
Bounce flash
• Advantages:– Diffused lighting– Even illumination
• Usually aim strobe at ceiling and bounce flash off the ceiling– Lighting that bounces covers a larger area when
it reaches subject – Scene is more evenly lit, and diffused
Strobe
Subject
Ceiling
To photograph this drug search, the photographer used the light from a small portable strobe bounced off the ceiling. Bounce strobe spreads an even, almost shadowless light throughout the room. Joanne Rathe Strohmeyer / Boston Globe
• Can also bounce light off a wall– More directional effect
Strobe
Subject
A 45-degree bounce flash can look like natural light. Here one flash was bounced off the corner between the ceiling and wall.
With strobe bounced off a wall outside the picture area, the light appears to come from the candles. Mimicking available light with strobe increases the overall illumination without losing the natural feel. Ken Kobre / Boston Phoenix
When a bounce flash works best• Small to medium size room
– Auditoriums don’t work
• Need a light-toned surface– Dark walls absorb the light
Change the ISO• Use for low light situations
– Allows higher shutter speed or smaller aperture
• 100 / 200 / 400 / 800 / 1600– Each increment doubles camera’s sensitivity to
light– 100 > 400
• Shutter speed 15 > 60 or f-stop from f-4 to f-8
• On Cannon digital cameras to change ISO:– Push up arrow on
back of camera– ISO is displayed
on back LCD panel
– Use dial to increase or decrease ISO
• Advantages: shoot in low light situations w/o direct flash
• Disadvantages: print is grainier, less resolution as ISO increases