FILM EXHIBITION IN THE SOuTH EaST - WordPress.com · For example, analysis of the BFI’s unpublished UK cinema list (derived from data supplied by Dodona Research) reveals that the

FILM EXHIBITION IN THE SOuTH EaSTREPORT Bigger Picture Research - November 2014

DEVELOPING auDIENCES &SuPPORTING EXHIBITORS

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CONTENTS contents

1. Introduction 2

1.1 Background 1.2 About the research 1.3 Report structure

2. Existing film exhibition activity in the South East 8

2.1 Film exhibitors, venues, screens and seats 2.2 Location 2.3 Circuits and mobile networks 2.4 Staff and volunteers 2.5 Projection format and satellite technology 2.6 Screening frequency 2.7 Specialised programming 2.8 Admissions 2.9 Accessibility 2.10 Social media presence 2.11 ‘Upper tier’ local government area profiles

3. Strengths, weaknesses and opportunities 83

3.1 Reach 3.2 Breadth: specialised film provision 3.3 Depth: special events and education activity 3.4 Conceptual framework for benchmarks

Appendix 1: Exhibitors no longer active 106

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

“The BFI and the members of the BFI Film Audience Network want to encourage everyone to enjoy a lifelong relationship with film. Our aims are to bring the full diversity of film to more people as well as a greater understanding of, and engagement with, film across the UK (a key priority of the BFI, as set out in Film Forever, our five year plan for UK film). We want to put film at the centre of cultural life.” www.bfi.org.uk

Established in 2013, Film Hub South East is one of nine regional Hubs forming the Film Audience Network (FAN), funded by the British Film Institute to increase the range and reach of film and film-related events available to audiences across the UK.

Film Hub South East’s mission (“to expand audience access to, and knowledge of, specialised and British Independent film in the South East”) is delivered through audience development funding for film exhibition projects, alongside support for training, networking, advocacy and research activities.

The South East region comprises the geographical counties of Berkshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.1 The Hub is managed by a consortium of organisations led by the University of Brighton, along with Screen Archive South East, CINECITY, Picturehouse Cinemas, Lighthouse and Brighton & Hove City Council.

Figure 1: Film Hub South East region

Source: Film Hub South East

1 The region also encompasses the following Unitary Authority areas: Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Medway, Portsmouth, Reading, Slough, Southampton, West

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Film Hub South East commissioned the present research to deepen knowledge and understanding of the region’s current film exhibition landscape, and identify areas of strength and weakness in provision and opportunities for development. The research is also intended to help establish baseline metrics for use in judging the performance of Film Hub South East interventions.

Viewed in the context the Film Audience Network’s wider ambitions, the research is timely because existing market intelligence, derived from a range of sources, paints only a partial picture of film exhibition provision in the UK.

For example, analysis of the BFI’s unpublished UK cinema list (derived from data supplied by Dodona Research) reveals that the South East region had 102 commercial cinemas in 2013, 13% of the UK total (Table 1), operating 450 screens with a screen density of 5.7 screens per 100,000 people (Table 2). 33 screens were devoted to specialised programming in 2013, 7% of all screens in the region (Table 3).

Table 1: Part- and full-time cinemas in 2013, by FAN region

FAN region Number of cinemas %

Population (2011) %

South West & West Midlands 125 17% 9,337,400 15% Central East 110 15% 10,136,700 16% London 110 15% 8,204,400 13%

South East 102 13% 7,896,300 12%

North 84 11% 8,384,500 13% North West Central 78 10% 9,147,900 14% Scotland 66 9% 5,254,800 8% Wales 49 6% 3,063,800 5% Northern Ireland 28 4% 1,806,900 3% Channel Islands & Isle of Man 4 <1% - <1% Total 756 100% 63,232,700 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 2: Screen density in 2013, by FAN region FAN region

Number of screens

Population (2011)

Screens per 100k people

Northern Ireland 200 1,806,900 11.1 London 605 8,204,400 7.4 Scotland 338 5,254,800 6.4 Wales 195 3,063,800 6.4 South West & West Midlands 572 9,337,400 6.1 North West Central 537 9,147,900 5.9

South East 450 7,896,300 5.7

Central East 533 10,136,700 5.3 North 420 8,384,500 5.0 Channel Islands & Isle of Man 17 - - Total 3,867 63,232,700 6.1* Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * UK average Table 3: Specialised cinema screens in 2013, by FAN region FAN region

Total screens

Specialised screens

Specialised as % of all screens

London 605 76 13% Scotland 338 27 8% North 420 28 7% Central East 533 37 7%

South East 450 33 7%

South West & West Midlands 572 37 6% Wales 195 9 5% North West Central 537 16 3% Northern Ireland 200 2 1% Channel Islands & Isle of Man 17 - - Total 3,867 265 7%* Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * UK average While this analysis reveals the South East to have one of the lowest screen densities in the UK, and a low level of specialised screen provision (albeit in line with the national average), the underlying dataset only applies to commercial cinemas and mixed use venues tracked by Dodona Research. It does not cover other types of part time and occasional film exhibition provision, including film festivals, film societies and community cinemas, mobile/touring cinema networks and temporary (‘pop up’) or occasional exhibitors.

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In many areas, particularly in rural locations, these alternative forms of film exhibition fill gaps left by commercial providers unwilling to take the financial risk associated with running cinemas in sparsely populated areas. In other places, including in towns and cities, such exhibitors may meet demand for a wider range of films otherwise unmet by commercial players, or provide educational opportunities and value-added film events that go beyond regular cinema scheduling. These elements of provision are absolutely germane to FAN’s aims in terms of reach, breadth and depth (see Table 4). It was therefore important to conduct research taking into account the full variety of film exhibition provision in the South East. Table 4: FAN aims, outcomes and measures2 Aim Outcomes Measures REACH To increase audience numbers and reach, including greater engagement with under-served and hard to reach audiences in order to increase and broaden UK audiences for specialised and independent British film

Expanded audience reach including greater engagement with under-served and hard to reach audiences

• Admissions for specialised and independent British film;

• The diversity of audiences; • The locations of provision.

BREADTH To considerably extend film choice for audiences across the UK

Increased diversity of film content and settings in which to experience film

• Number and range of films screened

• Number of locations.

DEPTH To enhance understanding of film culture

More opportunities to learn about and engage with film culture

• The number and range of events, talks, introductions, contextual materials and workshops provided;

• The quality of experience and engagement offered to audiences.

Source: BFI 1.2 About the research The project involved building a database of active exhibitors (the ‘South East Film Exhibitor Database’) that includes commercial cinema circuits and independents, film festivals, film societies, volunteer-run community cinemas and mobile/touring networks. The database also reflects Film Hub South East’s 2 This is adapted from the list of outcomes and measures included in the BFI’s brief for a FAN evaluation framework. The brief also includes outcomes and measures for ‘Audiences’, ‘Capability’, ‘Leverage’ and ‘Partnership’.

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expanded vision of film venues and audience activity by including non-traditional exhibitors like arts festivals, community groups and venues, as well as universities and museums/galleries offering occasional or part-time screening programmes. There were three components to the research: 1.2.1 Desk research Desk research, involving a combination of online searches, review of sources held by the consultants and by Film Hub South East and examination of other publicly available information, was undertaken to build a picture of existing film exhibition across the South East. In addition to general online searches (using keywords like cinema, film club, film society, and geographical filters), key sources included:

• The BFI’s UK cinema list prepared by Dodona Research; • Cinema for All’s Community Cinema database3; • ICO independent cinema list4; • The UK Film Council’s online specialised exhibition map, Screened5; • Big Lottery Fund awards database6; • BFI Neighbourhood Cinema Fund Community Exhibitors database; • Film Hub South East membership list; • Film Hub South East bulletin list/ contacts database; • Screen South database; • Arts Council England funded venue list; • Information on mobile/touring networks operating in the South East, held

by the consultants. Exhibitor records culled from these sources were logged in an Excel spreadsheet listing the following variables: Variable Categories Exhibitor name Free text

(in the case of commercial circuits, individual venues will be listed)

Exhibitor type Commercial circuit; independent cinema; film society/community cinema; film festival; mixed use venue; touring/mobile network; other

City/town/village name Free text County Berkshire; East Sussex; Hampshire; Isle of Wight; Kent;

Oxfordshire; Surrey; West Sussex

3 http://www.bffs.org.uk/communitycinema/ 4 http://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/resources/cinemas/ 5 http://screened.heroku.com/venues 6 http://www.biglotteryfundgrants.org.uk/

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‘Upper tier’ local government area (County Council/ Unitary Authority)

Bracknell Forest UA, Brighton and Hove UA, Isle of Wight UA, Medway UA, Portsmouth UA, Reading UA, Slough UA, Southampton UA, West Berkshire UA, Windsor and Maidenhead UA, Wokingham UA, East Sussex, Hampshire, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey, West Sussex

Postcode Free text, for geo-coding Location Village; town/city centre; out of town Circuit/ mobile or touring network

Free text

Venue type Arts centre/theatre; college or university premises; community centre; multiplex; temporary or occasional screening space; traditional cinema; multiple venues

Number of screens Number Number of seats Number Primary projection format DCI; DVD/Blu-ray; 35mm; 16mm Satellite technology Yes; no AV accessibility Yes; no Autism friendly screenings Yes; no Wheelchair access Yes; no Annual admissions Number, for calendar years 2012 and 2013 Number of film performances Number, for calendar years 2012 and 2013 Screening frequency Full time; part time; occasional Number of titles Number, for calendar years 2012 and 2013 % of programme classified as specialised or independent British

Calculated from programming records, for calendar years 2012 and 2013

Alternative content in programme

Yes; no

Number of full time staff Number Number of part time staff Number Number of volunteers Number Membership scheme Yes; no Number of special events Number, for calendar years 2012 and 2013 Web site URL Online booking Yes; no Email address Free text Telephone number Free text Facebook page Name of page and URL Twitter account Name of account Other social media (e.g. Instagram)

Name of account(s)

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1.2.2 Consultation Consultation proceeded in two stages. First, a draft list of exhibitors built up from desk research was circulated to the Film Hub South East Management Board and Advisory Group to check for completeness. Feedback from Film Hub South East’s two Audience Development Producers also informed this stage. Running in parallel, exhibitors were contacted to fill gaps left by the desk research, and to source programming and admissions information unavailable elsewhere. In addition to supplying missing information for the South East Film Exhibitor Database, consultees were asked about:

• Data they hold on audience diversity (e.g. audience survey work or membership records);

• Their interest in joining Film Hub South East, or learning more about its offer.

Desk research and exhibitor consultations yielded complete records for 123 exhibitors in the database (out of 303 identified). In the majority of other cases, the only missing information was confined to admissions data for 2012 and 2013, and programming details. The former cannot be sourced independently in the absence of box office records for these exhibitors, and data analysis involving this variable was confined to exhibitor categories where data exist in the majority of cases. To address the shortfall in programming information, the proportion of exhibitors’ programme devoted to specialised film was estimated based on examination of current programming derived from desk research. Estimates were categorised into broad bands in order to minimise the possibility of mislabeling while retaining sufficient detail to enable meaningful analysis to take place. 1.2.3 Data analysis and visualisation The South East Film Exhibitor Database was analysed using PivotTable Reports, generating a suite of descriptive statistics demonstrating the size, scope and composition of exhibition in the region. The Database was also imported into Google Fusion Tables7 and postcode records were automatically geo-coded to map exhibition provision and generate geographic visualisations of the data.

7 http://www.google.com/drive/apps.html#fusiontables

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1.3 Report structure Section two presents a detailed picture of film exhibition activity in the South East, including:

• the number of exhibitors, screens and seats, and their location; • the presence of circuits and mobile/touring networks in the region; • staffing and volunteer levels; • projection formats and deployment of satellite technology; • screening frequency, programming and admissions; • venue accessibility; • and social media use.

This section ends with a top line profile of film exhibition in each ‘upper tier’ local government area (County Councils and Unitary Authorities), highlighting geographical variations within the region. The third section draws together the available evidence to describe the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing provision, and explores opportunities to develop film exhibition in the context of Film Hub South East’s mission. The report concludes by considering how the exhibition mapping data can best be used to measure performance against FAN’s aims and outcomes under the headings ‘reach’, ‘breadth’ and ‘depth’.

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2. Exist ing f i lm exhibit ion activity in the South East In what follows, the term ‘exhibitors’ is used as shorthand to describe all those companies and organisations included in the Database compiled for this research. The category includes commercial cinema circuits and independents, film festivals, film societies, volunteer-run community cinemas and mobile/touring networks. The Database also includes organisations and groups that would not necessarily classify themselves as ‘exhibitors’ in the traditional sense, but that nonetheless screen feature length or short films on an occasional basis as part of their wider cultural offer, including arts festivals, museums, art galleries, community groups and hospitality venues (hotels, restaurants/ cafes etc.). In addition to recording infrastructure and screening activity details, the Database allocates three geographical categories to each exhibitor, based on their location: (a) geographical county (also known as ‘ceremonial counties’); (b) County Council or Unitary Authority area (part of the ‘upper tier’ of local government in England); (c) District Council or Unitary Authority area (part of the ‘lower tier’ of local government in England).8 Finally, the Database houses details of exhibitors confirmed as active at the time of the desk research (in the period May 2014 to August 2014). Appendix 1 includes a list of exhibitors that were active within the last ten years but had ceased their screening activity by the time of the research. 2.1 Fi lm exhibitors, venues, screens and seats 2.1.1 Exhibitors

• Desk research and consultations found evidence of 303 active film exhibitors in the South East.

• 109 of these are operated by 18 commercial cinema circuits or mobile/touring networks, and 194 single venue organisations are active in the region.

• This brings the total number of organisations (including companies, voluntary groups, charities and local authorities) active in film exhibition in the region to 212 (18 + 194).

8 Unitary Authorities straddle both the ‘upper tier’ and ‘lower tier’ of local government in England.

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• Of 303 exhibitors in the South East, one third (34%) are volunteer-run film societies or community cinemas. A further 25% are commercial cinemas and 15% are mixed use venues (arts centre/theatre) that screen films (Figure 1 and Table 5):

Figure 1: Exhibitors in the South East

Source: Film Exhibition in the South East Database Key: Blue marker = Cinema. Green marker = Film Festival. Orange marker = Film Society/ Community cinema. Purple marker = Mixed use venue. White marker = Mobile/touring promoter. Yellow marker = Other. Note: Not all exhibitors are depicted on the map as only one marker is shown for each postcode. Table 5: Film exhibitors in the South East Exhibitor type Number % Film society/ community cinema 103 34% Cinema (circuit and independent) 76 25% Mixed use venue 45 15% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 40 13% Film festival 17 6% Other* 22 7% Total 303 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

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• 68 exhibitors (23%) operate a membership scheme.9 The majority (85%) of membership organisations are film societies/ community cinemas (Table 6):

Table 6: Membership organisations Exhibitor type

% of all membership organisations

Film society/ community cinema 85% Mixed use venue 6% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 6% Cinema (circuit and independent) 3% Film festival - Other* - Total 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• Just over half (52%) of exhibitors offer online ticket booking, using in house box office systems or third party software.

• The availability of online booking options varies by exhibitor type. Nearly all commercial cinemas (95%) offer the facility, compared with only 20% of film societies/ community cinemas (Table 7):

Table 7: Online booking, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

% offering online booking

Cinema (circuit and independent) 95% Mixed use venue 80% Film festival 65% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 33% Other* 27% Film society/ community cinema 20% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

9 For the purposes of this research, a membership scheme is defined as any subscription-based system of affiliation which grants members voting rights at an AGM and/or members have a role in running the organisation (including making programming decisions). This is distinct from a customer loyalty scheme (offered by many commercial cinemas), which conveys no rights or responsibilities for running the organisation.

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• As the majority of exhibitors operating on a full time basis are commercial cinemas, it follows that 95% offer online booking, compared with 34% of those operating on a part time basis (Table 8).

Table 8: Online booking, by screening frequency Screening frequency

% offering online booking

Full time 95% Occasional 54% Part time 34% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.1.2 Venues Figure 2: Venues in the South East

Source: Film Exhibition in the South East Database Key: red marker = Arts centre/ theatre. White marker = College/university premises. Green marker = Community centre. Yellow marker = Multiplex. Orange marker = Traditional cinema. Purple marker = temporary or occasional screening space. Note: Not all venues are depicted on the map as only one marker is shown for each postcode.

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• Community centres are the most common venue type for film exhibition in the South East, followed by arts centres/theatres and traditional cinemas (Table 9).

• 22 exhibitors use multiple venues for their screening activity, and 17 use temporary or occasional venues.

Table 9: Venue type Venue type

Number of exhibitors

%

Community centre (village or town hall etc.)

93 31%

Arts centre/ theatre 73 24% Traditional cinema 46 15% Multiplex 40 13% Multiple venues 22 7% Temporary or occasional venue 17 6% College or university premises 12 4% Total 303 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.1.3 Screens Figure 3: Screens in the South East

Source: Film Exhibition in the South East Database Key: Red marker = Single screen venue. Blue marker = Multi-screen venue

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Note: Not all screens are depicted on the map as only one marker is shown for each postcode.

• The South East has a total of 604 screens, 69% of which are used by commercial cinemas (Table 10).

• This is equivalent to 7.6 screens per 100,000 people in the region. • 427 (71%) screens in the South East operate on a full time basis, while 165

(27%) are part time and 12 (2%) host occasional screenings. 97% of full time screens are based in commercial cinema venues, and the remainder are found in mixed use venues.

Table 10: Film exhibition screens in the South East, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type*

Total screens

%

Commercial cinema (circuit and independent)

418 69%

Film society/ community cinema 81 13% Mixed use venue 53 9% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 37 6% Other** 13 2% Film festival 2 <1% Total 604 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Venues used by more then one exhibitor have only been included once for the purposes of this table to avoid double counting. ** Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• Over half (56%) of all screens are based in multiplex venues, which house an average of 9 screens per venue (Table 11).

Table 11: Film exhibition screens in the South East, by venue type Venue type

Total screens

%

Average screens per venue type

Multiplex 336 56% 9 Community centre (village, town, church halls)

89 15% 1

Traditional cinema 83 14% 2 Arts centre / theatre 71 12% 1 Temporary or occasional screening space

15 2% 1

College or university premises 10 2% 1 Total 604 100% 2 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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2.1.4 Seats

• The South East has over 105,000 seats used for film performances (NB: records are only available for 223 exhibitors).

• 73% of these are in commercial cinemas (59% in multiplexes), 12% are in mixed use venues and 8% are in venues used by film societies and community cinemas (Tables 12 and 13):

Table 12: Film exhibition seats in the South East, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Total seats

%

Average seats per exhibitor type

Cinema (circuit and independent) 77,216 73% 1,103 Mixed use venue 13,177 12% 329 Film society/ community cinema 8,091 8% 156 Mobile or touring cinema promoter 3,793 4% 135 Other* 3,152 3% 525 Film festival** 250 <1% 250 Total 105,679 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues ** All film festivals but one use multiple venues for screening purposes, and are not included in this table to avoid double counting. Table 13: Film exhibition seats in the South East, by venue type Venue type

Total seats

%

Average seats per venue type

Multiplex 62,244 59% 1,831 Arts centre / theatre 16,755 16% 284 Traditional cinema 14,812 14% 423 Community centre (village, town, church halls etc.)

7,766 7% 129

Temporary or occasional screening space

3,252 3% 542

College or university premises 850 1% 283 Total 105,679 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Temporary or occasional screening spaces have the largest number of seats per screen on average (these include large open air events, which inflate the numbers), followed by college or university premises (Table 14).

• Community centres (including town, village and church halls) have the smallest number of seats per screen on average.

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Table 14: Average number of seats per screen, by venue type Venue type

Average seats per screen

Temporary or occasional screening space

542

College or university premises 283 Arts centre / theatre 265 Multiplex 200 Traditional cinema 200 Community centre (village, town, church halls etc.)

129

Average 209 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.2 Location

• Nearly three quarters (72%) of exhibitors in the South East are located in town or city centres, while almost a quarter are found in villages (23%). The remainder (5%) are in out of town locations.

Table 15: Exhibitors by location Location


% exhibitors

Town or city centre 216 72% Village 69 23% Out of town 15 5% Total 300 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Six out of ten screens in the South East are found in town or city centre locations (63%), which account for 68% of all seats.

Table 16: Film exhibition screens and seats by location Location

Number of screens

% screens

Number of seats

% seats

Town or city centre

385 64% 71,687 68%

Out of town 152 25% 28,503 27% Village 67 11% 5,489 5% Total 604 100% 105,679 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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• Multiplexes in out of town locations have 10 screens on average, while venues in town and city centres have an average of 2 screens.

Table 17: Average screens and seats per venue by location Location

Average screens

Average seats

Out of town 10 2,193 Town or city centre

2 516

Village 1 122 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.3 Circuits and mobile networks

• The national circuits of Odeon, Vue and Cineworld operate the largest number of screens in the South East, while Moviola has the most extensive mobile/touring network (Table 18).

Table 18: Circuits and mobile operators, ranked by number of screens Circuit/

mobile operator

Screening frequency

Number of venues

% Number of screens

%

Odeon Circuit Full time 18 17% 123 28% Vue Circuit Full time 10 9% 96 22% Cineworld Circuit Full time 11 10% 93 21% Moviola Mobile Part time 31 28% 31 7% National Amusements Circuit Full time 2 2% 27 6% CineMobile Mobile Part time 12 11% 11 3% Picturehouse Circuit Full time 5 5% 10 2% Empire Cinemas Circuit Full time 1 1% 10 2% Everyman Cinema Group

Circuit Full time 4 4% 7 2%

Ambassadors Theatre Group

Circuit Full time 1 1% 6 1%

Picturedrome Circuit Full time 2 2% 5 1% Reel Cinemas Circuit Full time 1 1% 5 1% Rochester Film Society Mobile Part time 3 3% 3 1% Southern Cinema Services

Mobile Part time 3 3% 3 1%

Silver Screen Cinemas Circuit Full time 2 2% 3 1% Scott Cinemas Circuit Full time 1 1% 3 1% Curzon Circuit Part time 1 1% 1 <1% The Extraordinary Travelling Film Show

Mobile Occasional * * * *

Total 109 100% 437 100%

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Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * The Extraordinary Travelling Film Show tours multiple venues, which vary from season to season

• Vue operates the largest number of screens in out of town locations in the South East (Table 19), while Odeon has the most screens in town and city centres (Table 20):

Table 19: Circuits and mobile operators in out of town locations Circuit/ mobile operator

Number of screens in out of town locations

%

Vue 52 34% Odeon 37 24% Cineworld 36 24% National Amusements 27 18% Total 152 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 20: Circuits and mobile operators in town and city locations Circuit/ mobile operator

Number of screens in town and city locations

%

Odeon 86 35% Cineworld 57 23% Vue 44 18% Empire Cinemas 10 4% Picturehouse 10 4% Everyman Cinema Group 7 3% Ambassadors Theatre Group 6 2% Picturedrome 5 2% Reel Cinemas 5 2% CineMobile 3 1% Rochester Film Society 3 1% Scott Cinemas 3 1% Silver Screen Cinemas 3 1% Southern Cinema Services 3 1% Curzon 1 1% Moviola 1 1% Total 247 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Moviola is by far the largest mobile/touring operator of screens in village locations, with promoters concentrated in rural Hampshire:

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Table 21: Circuits and mobile operators in village locations Circuit/ mobile operator

Number of screens in village locations

%

Moviola 30 79% CineMobile 8 21% Total 38 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.4 Staff and volunteers

• The consultation yielded staffing and volunteering information for 102 exhibitors, 34% of all exhibitors in the Database.

• As these were mainly film societies/ community cinemas and mixed use venues, the data cannot be generalised reliably beyond these exhibitor categories.10

• On average, mixed use venues have seven full time staff, two part time staff and 21 volunteers, while film festivals have two full time staff, one part time and 21 volunteers (Table 22).

• Of the volunteer-run exhibitors, film societies/community cinemas had an average of 9 volunteers, while mobile/touring promoters had 5.

Table 22: Average number of full time & part time staff and volunteers Exhibitor type Full time Part time Volunteers Mixed use venue 7 2 21 Film festival 2 1 21 Film society/ community cinema 0 0 9 Mobile/touring cinema promoter 0 0 5 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.5 Projection format and satel l i te technology

• DVD/ Blu-ray is the projection format used by the majority of exhibitors in the South East (61%, Table 23).

• Two fifths of exhibitors use DCI technology (38%), with only three still using 35mm as their principal format.

• One exhibitor, Medway Film Society, screens exclusively using 16mm.

10 59% of film festivals, 45% of film societies/ community cinemas, 40% of mixed use venues and 38% of mobile/touring cinema operators provided data, so we can be reasonably confident the results are representative of exhibitors in these categories. However, we have relevant information for only 9% of commercial cinemas, which is too low to draw any meaningful conclusions about their staffing patterns.

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Table 23: Principal screening format Venue type


%

DVD/ Blu-ray 166 61% DCI (digital cinema) 104 38% 35mm 3 1% 16mm 1 <1% Total 274 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Digital conversion has proceeded apace in recent years, and almost all (99%) commercial cinemas for which information is available use DCI as their primary projection format (Table 24).

• DVD/Blu-ray formats are used by all film festivals where data exist, and the majority of film societies/community cinemas (90%), mobile/touring cinema promoters (92%) and ‘other’ exhibitors (94%). Provision in mixed use venues is split between DVD/Blu-ray (53%) and DCI (44%) formats.

Table 24: Projection format, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

DVD/ Blu-ray %

DCI %

35mm %

16mm %

Total

Cinema (circuit and independent)

1% 99% - - 100%

Film festival 100% - - - 100% Film society/ community cinema

90% 7% 2% 1% 100%

Mixed use venue 53% 44% 2% - 100% Mobile or touring cinema promoter

92% 8% - - 100%

Other* 94% 6% - - 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• DVD/Blu-ray is the principal projection format used by all venues other than multiplexes (which have all converted to DCI) and traditional cinemas.

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Table 25: Projection format, by venue type Exhibitor type

DVD/ Blu-ray %

DCI %

35mm %

16mm %

Total

Arts centre/ theatre 62% 35% 1% 1% 100% College or University premises

80% 10% 10% - 100%

Community centre (village/town/church hall)

98% 1% 1% - 100%

Multiple venues 100% - - - 100% Multiplex - 100% - - 100% Temporary or occasional venue

93% 7% - - 100%

Traditional cinema 7% 93% - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• In addition to performances of feature films and shorts, exhibitors are increasingly turning to alternative content to enhance their programme, including satellite broadcasts of live performances (theatre, opera, concerts etc.) and sporting events.

• 82 exhibitors in the South East (27%), have satellite technology, offering a range of alternative content (Table 26).

Table 26: Satellite technology for alternative content


%

Yes 82 27% No 221 73% Total 303 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Over three quarters (78%) of satellite installations are in commercial cinemas, while nearly one in five (18%) are found in mixed use venues.

• Three film societies/community cinemas (Reading Film Theatre, Lymington Cinema and Charlsbury’s Own Cinema) offer alternative content alongside their regular feature film programme.

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Table 27: Satellite technology, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Yes number

Yes %

Cinema (circuit and independent) 64 78% Mixed use venue 15 18% Film society/ community cinema 3 4% Film festival - - Mobile or touring cinema promoter - - Other* - - Total 82 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• 88% of full time exhibitors have satellite technology, compared with 6% of those operating on a part time basis.

2.6 Screening frequency

• The majority of exhibitors in the South East (62%) operate on a part time basis (Table 28).

• However, seven out of ten of all screens in the South East (71%) operate on a full time basis (Table 29).

Table 28: Screening frequency, by number of exhibitors Frequency


%

Part time 187 62% Full time 81 27% Occasional 35 12% Total 303 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Note: Full time = daily film performances throughout the week Part time = performances on a part week basis or monthly Occasional = Annual screening events, or one-off performances Table 29: Screening frequency, by number of screens Frequency

Number of screens

%

Full time 427 71% Part time 165 27% Occasional 12 2% Total 604 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

22

Note: Full time = daily film performances throughout the week Part time = performances on a part week basis or monthly Occasional = Annual screening events, or one-off performances

• We have insufficient information to describe the average number of film performances hosted by full time exhibitors in 2012 and 2013, but we can determine such figures for those operating on a part time or occasional basis.

• Part time exhibitors hosted an average of 19 performances in 2012, and 23 in 2013. Those operating on an occasional basis hosted 31 screenings in 2012 and 27 in 2013 (Table 30).

Table 30: Screening frequency, by number of screens Frequency

Average number of performances 2012

Average number of performances 2013

Part time 19 23 Occasional 31 27 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Note: Part time = performances on a part week basis or monthly Occasional = Annual screening events, or one-off performances

• Part time and occasional exhibitors based in villages hosted an average of 12 screenings a year in 2012 and 2013, compared with around 40 performances a year by those operating in town and city centre locations.

2.7 Special ised programming

• For one in three (31%) exhibitors in the South East, 10% or less of their programme is made up of specialised titles11 (Table 31), although these exhibitors account for nearly three quarters (73%) of all screens (Table 32).

• In contrast, over a quarter (27%) devote 90%+ or more to specialised films. These exhibitors account for only 7% of all screens in the region.

• 11 The research follows Film Hub South East’s definition of specialised film:

‘Independent British film, foreign language, documentary, archive (film from 1895 onwards), artists’ work, short films, and work with stories and subjects relating to diversity for example Black, Asian, minority and ethnic; disability; LGBTQ’.

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Table 31: Specialised programming in the South East, by exhibitors Number of

exhibitors %

10% or less 83 31% 11% to 33% 47 18% 34% to 66% 26 10% 67% to 89% 39 15% 90%+ 71 27% Total 266 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 32: Specialised programming in the South East, by screens Number of

screens %

10% or less 420 73% 11% to 33% 50 9% 34% to 66% 29 5% 67% to 89% 34 6% 90%+ 40 7% Total 573 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Of all exhibitor types, film festivals programme, on average, the largest proportion of specialised films, followed by ‘Other’ exhibitors (like arts festivals, museums and galleries) and film societies/community cinemas (Table 33).

• Meanwhile specialised films made up around 15% of the programmes offered by commercial cinemas, on average.

Table 33: Specialised programming, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Average % of programme dedicated to specialised titles

Film festival 97% Other* 75% Film society/ community cinema 69% Mixed use venue 53% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 37% Cinema (circuit and independent) 15% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

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• While these mean figures are a helpful indication of where specialised programming is most likely to be found, they mask variations within each exhibitor type.

• Table 34 provides a better reflection of this variety, highlighting the fact that despite the low average overall, there are examples of commercial cinemas whose programme is 90%+ specialised (including The Ultimate Picture Palace, Oxford; Duke of York’s, Brighton; Chichester Cinema at New Park, Chichester):

Table 34: Specialised programming by exhibitor type, ranked by 90%+ specialised programming Exhibitor type

10% or less specialised programming

90%+ specialised programming

Film festival - 88% Other* 17% 67% Film society/ community cinema 5% 38% Mixed use venue 17% 26% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 26% 9% Cinema (circuit and independent) 80% 4% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• Rochester Film Society is the only circuit or mobile/touring operator to devote 90% or more of its programme to specialised film (Table 35).

• Of all the commercial cinema circuits, Picturehouse Cinemas has the highest proportion of specialised programming across its venues:

Table 35: Specialised programming by circuit or mobile operator Average % of specialised programming across circuit/ network

Circuit or mobile operators

90%+ Rochester Film Society 67% to 90% The Extraordinary Travelling Film Show 34% to 66% Picturehouse, Moviola 11% to 33% Everyman Cinema Group, Curzon,

Southern Cinema Services Less than 10% Scott Cinemas, Picturedrome, Odeon,

Ambassadors Theatre Group, CineMobile, Empire Cinemas, National Amusements, Reel Cinemas, Silver Screen Cinemas, Cineworld, Vue

Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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• On average there is little difference in specialised programming levels

between exhibitors based in town/city centres and those in villages (Table 36). However, there is a greater likelihood of exhibitors based in town and city centres devoting 90%+ of their programme to specialised film, compared with those in villages (Table 37).

• The most notable difference is found in out of town locations, where multiplex venues programme very few specialised titles overall (Table 37).

Table 36: Specialised programming, by location Location

Average % of programme dedicated to specialised titles

Out of town 5% Town and city centre 50% Village 52% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 37: Specialised programming by location, ranked by 90%+ specialised programming Location



Town and city centre 33% 32% Village 10% 17% Out of town 100% - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• As the majority of full time exhibitors are commercial cinemas, it is little surprise to find that 78% devote 10% or less of their programme to specialised film (Table 38), whereas the majority of exhibitors that operate on an occasional basis programme specialised titles almost exclusively.

Table 38: Specialised programming by screening frequency, ranked by 90%+ specialised programming Screening frequency



Occasional 8% 81% Part time 11% 29% Full time 78% 5% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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• Membership organisations tend, on average, to programme a greater

share of specialised titles than those that do not offer membership (72% of programming compared with 41%, respectively).

• Almost half (46%) of membership organisations devote 90%+ of their programme to specialised film, compared with 21% of non-membership exhibitors (Table 39).

Table 39: Specialised programming by membership, ranked by 90%+ specialised programming Membership organisation



Yes 5% 46% No 39% 21% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.8 Admiss ions The research was unable to source reliable admissions data for every exhibitor in the database. As Table 40 shows, data for 2012 and 2013 were collated, via consultation, for 109 exhibitors (36% of the total). Table 40: Admissions data, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Admissions data available Number %

Mobile or touring cinema promoter 26 65% Film festival 10 59% Film society/ community cinema 45 44% Mixed use venue 20 44% Other* 6 27% Cinema (circuit and independent) 2 3% Total 109 36% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues Furthermore, data were sourced for only three full time exhibitors. This makes it impossible to calculate total admissions in 2012 and 2013 across the South East, or by different types of provision. Nonetheless, we can learn something useful by examining patterns of average (mean) admissions, although as the database contains relevant data for only 3% of commercial cinemas it is unwise to include this exhibition

27

category in the analysis. What follows is a snapshot of average admissions data for part time and occasional venues:

• Film festivals recorded, on average, the highest annual admission totals in the South East, followed by mixed use venues, while mobile/touring cinema promoters generated the lowest (Table 41).

• However, ‘Other’ exhibitors achieved the highest average admissions per screening (204), followed by film societies/ community cinemas (74), while film festivals recorded the lowest screen average (49 admissions) (Table 42).

Table 41: Average annual admissions 2012/2013, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type Average annual

admissions Film festival 2,708 Mixed use venue 1,841 Film society/ community cinema 1,513 Other* 790 Mobile or touring cinema promoter 590 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues Table 42: Average admissions per screening 2012/2013, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Average admissions per screening

Other* 204 Film society/ community cinema 74 Mixed use venue 61 Mobile or touring cinema promoter 60 Film festival 49 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• Part time and occasional exhibitors located in town and city centres recorded higher average annual admissions than those in villages (out of town venues were not included in this analysis due to lack of data). They also saw the highest average admissions per screening (Table 43).

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Table 43: Average annual admissions 2012/2013, by location Location Average annual

admissions Town or city centre 1,812 Village 740 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 44: Average admissions per screening 2012/2013, by location Location


Town or city centre 82 Village 59 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• For part time and occasional exhibitors, total annual admissions were highest for those where specialised film made up 34% to 66% of the programme.

• Exhibitors with the highest proportion of specialised film in their programme achieved a greater number of annual admissions than those with the lowest specialised programme share (Table 45). They also recorded the highest average admissions per screening (82) (Table 46).

Table 45: Average annual admissions 2012/2013, by % of specialised film in programme % specialised film in programme Average annual

admissions 10% or lower 1,056 11-33% 1,665 34-66% 2,696 67-89% 1,091 90%+ 1,304 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 46: Average admissions per screening 2012/2013, by % of specialised film in programme % specialised film in programme


10% or lower 62 11-33% 68 34-66% 70 67-89% 68 90%+ 82

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• The existence of a membership scheme does not appear to affect average admissions per screening, as Table 47 demonstrates:

Table 47: Average admissions per screening 2012/2013, by membership organisation Membership organisation


Yes 74 No 73 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.9 Accessibi l i ty

• Wheelchair access is the most common facility to improve accessibility at venues, offered by 96% of exhibitors (NB the database contains information for 206 out of 303 exhibitors).

• Audio visual accessibility, in the form of Audio Description for people with sight impairment and Subtitling for the hard of hearing, is provided by one in five exhibitors (22%), while 18% host Autism friendly screenings (where venue lighting and sound levels are tailored to suit people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder).

Table 48: Accessibility Accessibility Number % Wheelchair access 198 96% Audio description and/or subtitling 60 22% Autism friendly screenings 49 18% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.9.1 Wheelchair access

• There is little difference in the proportion of exhibitors offering wheelchair access among films societies/community cinemas, mixed use venues, commercial cinemas and mobile or touring networks (Table 49).

• A lower proportion of film festivals and ‘Other’ exhibitors provide wheelchair access, reflecting the fact they may use unconventional spaces for screenings, including outdoor locations, hospitality establishments and other privately owned venues yet to, or unable to, adopt accessibility requirements.

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Table 49: Wheelchair access, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

% offering wheelchair access

Film society/ community cinema 98% Mixed use venue 97% Cinema 97% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 96% Film festival 80% Other* 71% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• As might be expected, publicly owned venues (education premises, local authority-maintained community centres etc.) and modern facilities purpose built for film exhibition (like multiplexes) are most likely to provide wheelchair access (Table 50).

• As noted above, temporary or occasional screening spaces are far less likely to offer wheelchair access.

Table 50: Wheelchair access, by venue type Venue type

% offering wheelchair access

College or University premises 100% Multiplex 100% Community centre (village/ town/ church hall)

98%

Arts centre/ theatre 97% Traditional cinema 95% Temporary or occasional screening space 60% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.9.2 Audio visual accessibi l i ty

• Two thirds of commercial cinemas (67%) offer AV accessibility, the highest proportion of all exhibitor types (Table 51).

• As Table 52 shows, multiplexes are most likely to offer this facility (92%), followed by traditional cinemas (37%).

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Table 51: AV accessibility, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

% offering AV accessibility

Cinema 67% Mixed use venue 9% Film society/ community cinema 5% Mobile or touring cinema promoter - Film festival - Other* - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues Table 52: AV accessibility, by venue type Venue type


Multiplex 92% Traditional cinema 37% College or University premises 10% Arts centre/ theatre 9% Community centre (village/ town/ church hall)

2%

Temporary or occasional screening space - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.9.3 Autism fr iendly screenings

• The provision of Autism friendly screenings requires sufficient capacity in screening slots to enable exhibitors to run them alongside their regular programme. This all but precludes exhibitors operating on a part time or occasional basis.

• Therefore commercial cinemas and mixed use venues offering a full time programme are most likely to provide Autism friendly screenings (Table 53).

• Among commercial cinemas, those operating from multiplex venues are most likely to provide such screenings (82%), compared with 32% of traditional cinema venues (Table 54).

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Table 53: Autism friendly screenings, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

% offering Autism friendly screenings

Cinema 59% Mixed use venue 7% Film society/ community cinema 1% Mobile or touring cinema promoter - Film festival - Other* - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues Table 54: Autism friendly screenings, by venue type Venue type


Multiplex 82% Traditional cinema 32% Arts centre/ theatre 6% College or University premises - Community centre (village/ town/ church hall)

-

Temporary or occasional screening space - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation 2.10 Social media presence

• Social media are increasingly important for film exhibition marketing and promotion, and the majority (70%) of exhibitors in the South East have a Facebook page or group.

• A smaller proportion (61%) have a Twitter account, while 58% have a presence on both Facebook and Twitter.

Table 55: Social media presence Social media Number % Facebook page or group 212 70% Twitter account 185 61% Both 177 58% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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• These proportions vary by exhibitor type. Almost all commercial

cinemas, ‘Other’ exhibitors, film festivals and mixed use venues have a Facebook page or group.

• In contrast, less than half of all film societies/community cinemas (45%) and mobile/touring cinema promoters have a Facebook presence (Table 56). A similar pattern is evident for Twitter accounts (Table 57).

Table 56: Facebook page or group, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Number of Facebook page/ group owners

% of all exhibitors of this type

Cinema 72 95% Other* 21 95% Film festival 16 94% Mixed use venue 41 91% Film society/ community cinema 46 45% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 16 40% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues Table 57: Twitter account, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Number with Twitter accounts


Mixed use venue 40 89% Cinema 67 88% Film festival 15 88% Other* 18 82% Film society/ community cinema 36 35% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 9 23% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

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Table 58: Facebook and Twitter presence, by exhibitor type Exhibitor type

Number on both social media


Cinema 67 88% Film festival 15 88% Mixed use venue 39 87% Other* 17 77% Film society/ community cinema 31 30% Mobile or touring cinema promoter 8 20% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Includes arts festivals, museums & galleries, hospitality venues

• Looking at social media use from the perspective of levels of specialised film programming, exhibitors with the lowest proportion of specialised film in their programme are more likely to have a Facebook page or group (88%), although those exhibitors who programme most specialised titles are not far behind (70%) (a pattern mirrored for Twitter use):

Table 59: Facebook page or group, by % of specialised film in programme % of programme comprising specialised films

% with Facebook page or group

10% or lower 88% 11-33% 55% 34-66% 73% 67-89% 51% 90%+ 70% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 60: Twitter account, by % of specialised film in programme % of programme comprising specialised films

% with Twitter account

10% or lower 75% 11-33% 47% 34-66% 69% 67-89% 49% 90%+ 58% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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2.11 ‘Upper t ier’ local government area profi les The preceding data analysis paints a picture of film exhibition across the South East region as a whole. In what follows, a closer look is taken at differences in provision by County Council and Unitary Authority area. The first section draws comparisons between the 17 County Council and Unitary Authority areas in the South East. This is followed by more detailed profiles of each ‘upper tier’ area. 2.11.1 Comparing ‘upper t ier’ local government areas

• The area administered by Hampshire County Council has the largest number of film exhibitors and screens in the South East (Table 61).

Table 61: Film exhibitors by County Council/ Unitary Authority, ranked by screens County Council/ Unitary Authority


%

Number of screens

%

Number of seats

%

Hampshire 55 18% 94 16% 13,862 13% Kent 39 13% 88 15% 15,883 15% Surrey 30 10% 73 12% 15,494 15% West Sussex 37 12% 63 10% 9,184 9% Oxfordshire 29 10% 59 10% 9,640 9% East Sussex 31 10% 34 6% 5,993 6% Brighton & Hove UA 24 8% 30 5% 7,653 7% Portsmouth UA 7 2% 23 4% 6,341 6% Medway UA 8 3% 22 4% 5,034 5% Southampton UA 8 3% 22 4% 3,068 3% Isle of Wight 9 3% 18 3% 851 1% West Berkshire UA 9 3% 15 2% 1,183 1% Wokingham UA 2 1% 15 2% 3,452 3% Reading UA 3 1% 14 2% 2,037 2% Slough UA 4 1% 12 2% 2,334 2% Bracknell Forest UA 3 1% 11 2% 2,048 2% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

4 1% 11 2% 1,622 2%

Total 302* 100% 604 100% 105,679

100%

Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation *Luna Cinema, a touring exhibitor, screens at venues across several council and Unitary Authority areas, and is therefore not included in this table

36

• A different pattern emerges when looking at full time screens (Table 62). Kent has the largest number of these (71, 17% of all full time screens in the South East), followed by Surrey.

Table 62: Full time screens, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of full time screens

%

Kent 71 17% Surrey 55 13% Hampshire 48 11% Oxfordshire 42 10% West Sussex 41 10% Portsmouth UA 20 5% Southampton UA 20 5% Brighton & Hove UA 19 4% Medway UA 18 4% East Sussex 17 4% Isle of Wight 14 3% Wokingham UA 14 3% Bracknell Forest UA 11 3% Reading UA 11 3% Slough UA 10 2% Windsor and Maidenhead UA 8 2% West Berkshire UA 8 2% Total 427 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation, ONS

• Areas with relatively small populations and a proportionally large number of screens, led by the Isle of Wight, Portsmouth and Brighton & Hove, have the highest screen densities in the South East (Table 63).

• Four County Council areas (Hampshire, East Sussex, Surrey and Kent) have screen densities below the South East average.

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Table 63: Film exhibitors by County Council/ Unitary Authority, ranked by screens per 100,000 population County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of screens

%

Population

Screens per 100k

Isle of Wight 18 3% 138,400 13.0 Portsmouth UA 23 4% 205,400 11.2 Brighton & Hove UA 30 5% 273,000 11.0 Bracknell Forest UA 11 2% 113,700 9.7 West Berkshire UA 15 2% 154,100 9.7 Wokingham UA 15 2% 154,900 9.7 Southampton UA 22 4% 235,900 9.3 Oxfordshire 59 10% 654,800 9.0 Reading UA 14 2% 155,300 9.0 Slough UA 12 2% 140,700 8.5 Medway UA 22 4% 264,900 8.3 West Sussex 63 10% 808,900 7.8 Windsor and Maidenhead UA

11 2% 145,100 7.6

South East average 7.6 Hampshire 94 16% 1,322,100 7.1 East Sussex 34 6% 527,200 6.4 Surrey 73 12% 1,135,400 6.4 Kent 88 15% 1,466,500 6.0 Total 604 100% 7,896,300 7.6 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation, ONS

• Full time screen density follows a similar pattern, although the number of areas that fall below the South East average is higher than for all types of screen (and includes West Berkshire, West Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Hampshire and East Sussex).

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Table 64: Film exhibitors by County Council/ Unitary Authority, ranked by full time screens per 100,000 population County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of full time screens

%

Population

Full time screens per 100k

Isle of Wight 14 3% 138,400 10.1 Bracknell Forest UA 11 3% 113,700 9.7 Portsmouth UA 20 5% 205,400 9.7 Wokingham UA 14 3% 154,900 9.0 Southampton UA 20 5% 235,900 8.5 Reading UA 11 3% 155,300 7.1 Slough UA 10 2% 140,700 7.1 Brighton & Hove UA 19 4% 273,000 7.0 Medway UA 18 4% 264,900 6.8 Oxfordshire 42 10% 654,800 6.4 Windsor and Maidenhead UA

8 2% 145,100 5.5

South East average 5.4 West Berkshire UA 8 2% 154,100 5.2 West Sussex 41 10% 808,900 5.1 Kent 71 17% 1,466,500 4.8 Surrey 55 13% 1,135,400 4.8 Hampshire 48 11% 1,322,100 3.6 East Sussex 17 4% 527,200 3.2 Total 427 100% 7,896,300 5.4 Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation, ONS

• Table 65 shows the spread of screens in each ‘upper tier’ local government area across different locations.

• The majority of screens in Wokingham, Portsmouth, Medway and Southampton are found in out of town locations (Table 66), while Hampshire, Berkshire and West Sussex have the largest proportions of screens located in villages (Table 68).

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Table 65: Film exhibition screens by County Council/ Unitary Authority and location County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of out of town screens

%

Number of town and city centre screens

%

Number of village screens

%

Bracknell Forest UA - - 11 100% - - Brighton & Hove UA - - 30 100% - - East Sussex - - 30 88% 4 12% Hampshire - - 63 67% 31 33% Isle of Wight - - 17 94% 1 6% Kent 44 50% 39 44% 5 6% Medway UA 18 82% 4 18% - - Oxfordshire 9 15% 46 78% 4 7% Portsmouth UA 20 87% 3 13% - - Reading UA - - 14 100% - - Slough UA - - 12 100% - - Southampton UA 18 82% 4 18% - - Surrey 19 26% 46 63% 8 11% West Berkshire UA - - 12 80% 3 20% West Sussex 10 16% 42 67% 11 17% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

- - 11 100% - -

Wokingham UA 14 93% 1 7% - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 66: Film exhibition screens in out of town locations, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of out of town screens

% of all screens in area

Wokingham UA 14 93% Portsmouth UA 20 87% Medway UA 18 82% Southampton UA 18 82% Kent 44 50% Surrey 19 26% West Sussex 10 16% Oxfordshire 9 15% Bracknell Forest UA - - Brighton & Hove UA - - East Sussex - - Hampshire - - Isle of Wight - - Reading UA - - Slough UA - - West Berkshire UA - - Windsor and Maidenhead UA - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 67: Film exhibition screens in town and city centre locations, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of town and city centre screens


Bracknell Forest UA 11 100% Brighton & Hove UA 30 100% Reading UA 14 100% Slough UA 12 100% Windsor and Maidenhead UA 11 100% Isle of Wight 17 94% East Sussex 30 88% West Berkshire UA 12 80% Oxfordshire 46 78% Hampshire 63 67% West Sussex 42 67% Surrey 46 63% Kent 39 44% Medway UA 4 18% Southampton UA 4 18% Portsmouth UA 3 13% Wokingham UA 1 7% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 68: Film exhibition screens in villages, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

Number of village screens


Hampshire 31 33% West Berkshire UA 3 20% West Sussex 11 17% East Sussex 4 12% Surrey 8 11% Oxfordshire 4 7% Isle of Wight 1 6% Kent 5 6% Bracknell Forest UA - - Brighton & Hove UA - - Medway UA - - Portsmouth UA - - Reading UA - - Slough UA - - Southampton UA - - Windsor and Maidenhead UA - - Wokingham UA - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Tables 69 and 70 show the spread of different exhibitor types active in each ‘upper tier’ local government area. Notable features include the finding that over a third (35%) of Hampshire’s exhibitors are mobile/touring cinema promoters, while two thirds (67%) of exhibitors in West Berkshire are film societies/ community cinemas (Table 69).

• Kent is home to one in five (18%) of all commercial cinemas in the South East, and the same proportion of film festivals and mixed use venues active in the region (Table 70). Around half (48%) of all mobile/touring promoters are based in Hampshire, while Brighton & Hove accounts for 45% of all ‘Other’ exhibitors in the South East.

43

Table 69: Type of exhibitor by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority %

Cin

em

a

% F

ilm f

est

iva

l

% F

ilm

soc

iety

/ c

om

mu

nity

c

ine

ma

%

Mix

ed

use

ve

nu

e

% M

ob

ile/

tou

ring

% O

the

r

Bracknell Forest UA 33% - 33% 33% - - Brighton & Hove UA 17% 13% 17% 8% 4% 42% East Sussex 19% 6% 58% 6% 6% 3% Hampshire 15% 2% 35% 15% 35% - Isle of Wight 22% 11% 22% 33% 11% - Kent 36% 8% 21% 26% 8% 3% Medway UA 25% 13% 13% 13% 38% - Oxfordshire 34% 3% 45% 14% - 3% Portsmouth UA 29% 14% 29% 29% - - Reading UA 33% - 33% - - 33% Slough UA 25% 25% 25% - - 25% Southampton UA 38% 25% 25% - - 13% Surrey 33% - 40% 23% 3% - West Berkshire UA 11% - 67% 11% - 11% West Sussex 24% 3% 30% 5% 24% 14% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

25% - 25% 50% - -

Wokingham UA 50% - 50% - - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

44

Table 70: Type of exhibitor by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority %

Cin

em

a

% F

ilm f

est

iva

l

% F

ilm

soc

iety

/ c

om

mu

nity

c

ine

ma

%

Mix

ed

use

ve

nu

e

% M

ob

ile/

tou

ring

% O

the

r

Bracknell Forest UA 1% - 1% 2% - - Brighton & Hove UA 5% 18% 4% 4% 3% 45% East Sussex 8% 12% 17% 4% 5% 5% Hampshire 11% 6% 18% 18% 48% - Isle of Wight 3% 6% 2% 7% 3% - Kent 18% 18% 8% 22% 8% 5% Medway UA 3% 6% 1% 2% 8% - Oxfordshire 13% 6% 13% 9% - 5% Portsmouth UA 3% 6% 2% 4% - - Reading UA 1% - 1% - - 5% Slough UA 1% 6% 1% - - 5% Southampton UA 4% 12% 2% - - 5% Surrey 13% - 12% 16% 3% - West Berkshire UA 1% - 6% 2% - 5% West Sussex 12% 6% 11% 4% 23% 23% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

1% - 1% 4% - -

Wokingham UA 1% - 1% - - - Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Tables 71 and 72 depict the pattern of venue use in each ‘upper tier’ local government area.

• Kent is home to one in five (22%) exhibitors that use arts centres/ theatres in the South East, while a third (35%) of all exhibitors that use a community centre are based in Hampshire (Table 72).

• A third (35%) of exhibitors that use temporary or occasional screening spaces are found in Brighton & Hove (Table 72). The city is also home to 36% of exhibitors that screen in multiple venues.

45

Table 71: Type of venue by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority %

Art

s c

en

tre

/ th

ea

tre

% C

olle

ge

or

Un

ive

rsity

p

rem

ise

s

% C

om

mu

nity

c

en

tre

% M

ulti

ple

ve

nu

es

% M

ulti

ple

x

% T

em

po

rary

or

oc

ca

sio

na

l sp

ac

e

% T

rad

itio

na

l c

ine

ma

Bracknell Forest UA 33% - - - 33% - 33% Brighton & Hove UA 8% 8% 4% 33% 8% 25% 13% East Sussex 23% - 39% 10% 6% 3% 19% Hampshire 18% - 60% - 11% 5% 5% Isle of Wight 44% - 22% 11% 11% - 11% Kent 41% 5% 10% 3% 13% - 28% Medway UA 38% - - 13% 38% - 13% Oxfordshire 24% 7% 28% 3% 14% - 24% Portsmouth UA 43% 14% - 14% 29% - - Reading UA - 33% - - 33% 33% - Slough UA 50% - - 25% 25% - - Southampton UA - 25% - 25% 25% 13% 13% Surrey 27% - 40% - 17% - 17% West Berkshire UA 11% 11% 56% - 11% 11% - West Sussex 19% - 41% 5% 5% 11% 19% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

50% - 25% - 25% - -

Wokingham UA - 50% - - 50% - - Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

46

Table 72: Type of venue by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority %

Art

s c

en

tre

/ th

ea

tre

% C

olle

ge

or

Un

ive

rsity

p

rem

ise

s

% C

om

mu

nity

c

en

tre

% M

ulti

ple

ve

nu

es

% M

ulti

ple

x

% T

em

po

rary

o

r oc

ca

sio

na

l sp

ac

e

% T

rad

itio

na

l c

ine

ma

Bracknell Forest UA 1% - - - 3% - 2% Brighton & Hove UA 3% 17% 1% 36% 5% 35% 7% East Sussex 10% - 13% 14% 5% 6% 13% Hampshire 14% - 35% - 15% 18% 7% Isle of Wight 5% - 2% 5% 3% - 2% Kent 22% 17% 4% 5% 13% - 24% Medway UA 4% - - 5% 8% - 2% Oxfordshire 10% 17% 9% 5% 10% - 15% Portsmouth UA 4% 8% - 5% 5% - - Reading UA - 8% - - 3% 6% - Slough UA 3% - - 5% 3% - - Southampton UA - 17% - 9% 5% 6% 2% Surrey 11% - 13% - 13% - 11% West Berkshire UA 1% 8% 5% - 3% 6% - West Sussex 10% - 16% 9% 5% 24% 15% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

3% - 1% - 3% - -

Wokingham UA - 8% - - 3% - - Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Tables 73 and 74 show the proportion of exhibitors in each ‘upper tier’ local government area that screen on a full time, part time or occasional basis.

• Bracknell Forest, Wokingham and Kent have the highest proportions of full time exhibitors (Table 73), while Hampshire, Windsor & Maidenhead and East Sussex have the highest proportions of part time operators.

• Over half (54%) of Brighton & Hove’s exhibitors operate occasional screenings.

47

Table 73: Screening frequency by County Council/ Unitary Authority, ranked by full time screening frequency County Council/ Unitary Authority

% Full time

% Part time

% Occasional

Bracknell Forest UA 67% 33% - Wokingham UA 50% 50% - Kent 44% 46% 10% Southampton UA 38% 50% 13% Surrey 37% 63% - Oxfordshire 34% 59% 7% Reading UA 33% 67% - Portsmouth UA 29% 43% 29% Medway UA 25% 63% 13% Slough UA 25% 50% 25% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

25% 75% -

West Sussex 24% 68% 8% Isle of Wight 22% 67% 11% West Berkshire UA 22% 67% 11% East Sussex 19% 71% 10% Brighton & Hove UA 17% 29% 54% Hampshire 13% 84% 4% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

48

Table 74: Screening frequency by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

% Full time

% Part time

% Occasional

Bracknell Forest UA 2% 1% - Brighton & Hove UA 5% 4% 37% East Sussex 7% 12% 9% Hampshire 9% 25% 6% Isle of Wight 2% 3% 3% Kent 21% 10% 11% Medway UA 2% 3% 3% Oxfordshire 12% 9% 6% Portsmouth UA 2% 2% 6% Reading UA 1% 1% - Slough UA 1% 1% 3% Southampton UA 4% 2% 3% Surrey 14% 10% - West Berkshire UA 2% 3% 3% West Sussex 11% 13% 9% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

1% 2% -

Wokingham UA 1% 1% - Total 100% 100% 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Tables 75 to 77 examine specialised programming across ‘upper tier’ local government areas.

• Windsor and Maidenhead, Wokingham and West Sussex have the highest proportions of exhibitors that devote 10% of less of their programme to specialised film (Table 76), while Brighton & Hove, Medway and Slough have the highest proportions of exhibitors devoting 90% or more of their programme to such titles (Table 77).

49

Table 75: % specialised film programme, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

10% or lower

11% to 33%

34% to 66%

67% to 89%

90%+

Bracknell Forest UA 33% - 33% - 33% Brighton & Hove UA 22% - 6% - 72% East Sussex 27% 8% 15% 12% 38% Hampshire 18% 43% 8% 20% 10% Isle of Wight 22% - - 44% 33% Kent 45% 8% 11% 11% 26% Medway UA 33% - - - 67% Oxfordshire 35% 12% 15% 15% 23% Portsmouth UA 29% - 14% 14% 43% Reading UA 33% - - 33% 33% Slough UA 33% - - - 66% Southampton UA 25% 25% 13% 13% 25% Surrey 25% 36% 11% 11% 18% West Berkshire UA 29% 14% 14% 14% 29% West Sussex 48% 14% 3% 21% 14% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

50% 25% 25% - -

Wokingham UA 50% - - - 50% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

50


10% or lower

11% to 33%

34% to 66%

67% to 89%

90%+

Windsor and Maidenhead UA

50% 25% 25% - -

Wokingham UA 50% - - - 50% West Sussex 48% 14% 3% 21% 14% Kent 45% 8% 11% 11% 26% Oxfordshire 35% 12% 15% 15% 23% Bracknell Forest UA 33% - 33% - 33% Medway UA 33% - - - 67% Reading UA 33% - - 33% 33% Slough UA 33% - - - 66% Portsmouth UA 29% - 14% 14% 43% South East average 31% West Berkshire UA 29% 14% 14% 14% 29% East Sussex 27% 8% 15% 12% 38% Southampton UA 25% 25% 13% 13% 25% Surrey 25% 36% 11% 11% 18% Brighton & Hove UA 22% - 6% - 72% Isle of Wight 22% - - 44% 33% Hampshire 18% 43% 8% 20% 10% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

51


10% or lower

11% to 33%

34% to 66%

67% to 89%

90%+

Brighton & Hove UA 22% - 6% - 72% Medway UA 33% - - - 67% Slough UA 33% - - - 66% Wokingham UA 50% - - - 50% Portsmouth UA 29% - 14% 14% 43% East Sussex 27% 8% 15% 12% 38% Bracknell Forest UA 33% - 33% - 33% Isle of Wight 22% - - 44% 33% Reading UA 33% - - 33% 33% West Berkshire UA 29% 14% 14% 14% 29% South East average 27% Kent 45% 8% 11% 11% 26% Southampton UA 25% 25% 13% 13% 25% Oxfordshire 35% 12% 15% 15% 23% Surrey 25% 36% 11% 11% 18% West Sussex 48% 14% 3% 21% 14% Hampshire 18% 43% 8% 20% 10% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

50% 25% 25% - -


• Another way of looking at specialised film provision involves taking account of screen numbers and screening frequency.

• To this end, each exhibitor was allocated a ‘specialised film score’ as a proxy measure for specialised film viewing opportunities, using a weighted formula: Exhibitors were assigned a number from 0 to 4 based on the proportion of their programme devoted to specialised film (0= 10% or less; 1= 11% to 33%; 2= 34% to 66%; 3= 67% to 89%; 4= 90% or more). This was multiplied by the number of screens they use. The total was multiplied again by a weighted score representing their screening frequency (1= occasional; 2= part time; 4= full time). The specialised film scores were then aggregated to create a score for each ‘upper tier’ (Table 78) and ‘lower tier’ local government area (Table 79).

• Scored in this way, Hampshire tops the ‘upper tier’ area rankings, followed by Oxfordshire and Surrey. Bracknell Forest, Wokingham and Windsor & Maidenhead have the lowest specialised film scores.

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Table 78: Specialised film score, by ‘upper tier’ local government area County Council/ Unitary Authority

Specialised film score

Hampshire 143 Oxfordshire 132 Surrey 102 Kent 92 West Sussex 82 East Sussex 74 Brighton & Hove UA 68 West Berkshire UA 36 Isle of Wight 26 Reading UA 20 Southampton UA 20 Medway UA 16 Portsmouth UA 14 Slough UA 12 Bracknell Forest UA 8 Wokingham UA 8 Windsor and Maidenhead UA 6 South East average Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• At the ‘lower tier’ local government area, Brighton & Hove has the highest specialised film score, followed by Oxford and Chichester, while Arun, Dartford, Epsom & Ewell, Gravesham, Spelthorne and Tonbridge & Malling have little or no specialised film provision of any kind.

Table 79: Specialised film score, by ‘lower tier’ local government area County Council/ Unitary Authority


Brighton & Hove 68 Oxford 52 Chichester 48 South Oxfordshire 42 West Berkshire 36 Winchester 36 New Forest 28 Cherwell 26 Isle of Wight 26 East Hampshire 24 Lewes 24 Test Valley 24 Wealden 24 Canterbury 20 Reigate and Banstead 20

53

Southampton 20 Waverley 20 Wokingham 20 Elmbridge 16 Medway 16 Shepway 16 Portsmouth 14 Tunbridge Wells 14 Horsham 12 Sevenoaks 12 Slough 12 Tandridge 12 Basingstoke and Deane 11 Rother 10 West Oxfordshire 10 Bracknell Forest 8 Eastbourne 8 Hastings 8 Maidstone 8 Reading 8 Runnymede 8 Thanet 8 Vale of White Horse 8 Woking 8 Worthing 8 Adur 6 Ashford 6 Fareham 6 Havant 6

54

County Council/ Unitary Authority


Mid Sussex 6 Mole Valley 6 Swale 6 Windsor and Maidenhead 6 Hart 4 Surrey Heath 4 Crawley 2 Dover 2 Eastleigh 2 Guildford 2 Rushmoor 2 Arun 0 Dartford 0 Epsom and Ewell 0 Gravesham 0 Spelthorne 0 Tonbridge and Malling 0


• Turning to geographical differences in accessibility, Portsmouth and Southampton have the lowest proportions of venues providing wheelchair access in the South East (Table 80).

• Two thirds (67%) of exhibitors in Reading offer Audio description/ Subtitling. Slough, Hampshire, Isle of Wight and West Sussex have the lowest proportions of exhibitors offering this form of accessible screening.

• Half of all exhibitors in Bracknell Forest and Southampton include Autism friendly screenings in their programme, while Slough, Wokingham, Hampshire and West Sussex have the lowest proportions of exhibitors offering such screenings.

55

Table 80: Accessibility, by County Council/ Unitary Authority County Council/ Unitary Authority

% offering Wheelchair access



Bracknell Forest UA 100% 50% 50% Brighton & Hove UA 92% 24% 24% East Sussex 91% 21% 10% Hampshire 97% 13% 9% Isle of Wight 100% 14% 14% Kent 94% 19% 16% Medway UA 100% 25% 25% Oxfordshire 100% 36% 32% Portsmouth UA 80% 40% 40% Reading UA 100% 67% 33% Slough UA 100% - - Southampton UA 80% 50% 50% Surrey 100% 21% 21% West Berkshire UA 100% 22% 22% West Sussex 100% 14% 9% Windsor and Maidenhead UA

100% 25% 25%

Wokingham UA 100% 50% - South East average 96% 22% 18% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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2.11.2 ‘Upper t ier’ local government area profi les Bracknell Forest Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.bracknell-forest.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats

Population (2011 Census)

Screens per 100k



Bracknell Forest

3 11 (11) 2,048 113,700 9.7 9.7 8

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Bracknell Forest, the ‘upper tier’ local government area with the smallest population in the South East, is home to three film exhibitors: Odeon Bracknell, South Hill Park Arts Centre and Bracknell Film Society. With 9.7 screens per 100,000 people, the area has a screen density well above average for the South East. Bracknell Forest also has the second highest ratio of full time screens to population in the South East. Commercial cinema Odeon Bracknell Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Bracknell Film Society

Mixed use venue South Hill Park Arts Centre Mobile or touring cinema promoter

-

Other - All three exhibitors are based in town centre locations. Odeon Bracknell is a 10 screen multiplex, while South Hill Park Arts Centre is a single screen mixed use venue which hosts a full time film programme as well as Bracknell Film Society’s part time screenings. Both screening venues provide wheelchair access, and Odeon Bracknell offers Audio description/subtitling and Autism friendly screenings. In terms of specialised programming, Odeon Bracknell’s schedule comprises 10% or less specialised titles on average, while Bracknell Film Society’s is exclusively specialised. South Hill Park Arts Centre’s programme is balanced between mainstream and specialised films.

57

Brighton & Hove City Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Brighton & Hove

24 30 (19) 7,653 273,000 11.0 7.0 68

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Brighton & Hove is home to 24 film exhibitors, all based in city centre locations. With 11 screens per 100,000 people, Brighton & Hove has the third highest screen density in the South East, although only 17% of exhibitors operate on a full time basis in the city (29% are part time and 54% put on occasional screenings).

58

Film exhibition is spread across all five exhibitor categories employed by this research: Commercial cinema Cineworld Brighton

Dukes At Komedia Picturehouse Duke of York's Picturehouse Odeon Brighton

Film festival Brighton Festival Cinecity Oska Bright (Carousel)

Film society/ community cinema

60 Euros Film Club Filmspot Frighten Brighton Sussex University Film Appreciation Society

Mixed use venue Fabrica Brighton Lighthouse Brighton

Mobile or touring cinema promoter

Cinema Saltdean (CineMobile)

Other Basement Cinema at The Globe Big Beach Screen Ltd Bom-Bane's Hotel Pelirocco Legacy Film Pride Redroaster Coffee House and Roastery SICK! Sussex Arts videoclub

Brighton & Hove is especially well-served by film festivals, playing host to nearly one in five (18%) of all such events in the South East. The city also boasts a thriving ‘alternative film venue’ scene, with 45% of all ‘Other’ exhibitors in the South East, including hospitality venues that put on regular screening programmes, and other arts events to include a film component. Over half (58%) of all exhibitors active in Brighton & Hove screen in multiple venues or temporary/occasional spaces. All but one of Brighton & Hove’s screening venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and four offer Audio description/subtitling and Autism friendly screenings (Cineworld Brighton, Odeon Brighton, Dukes at Komedia and Duke of York’s). In terms of specialised programming, nearly three quarters (72%) of Brighton & Hove’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, the highest proportion in the South East.

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East Sussex County Council http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



East Sussex

31 34 (17) 5,993 527,200 6.4 3.2 74

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

East Sussex is home to 31 exhibitors, with the majority of screens based in town centre locations (88%) and the remainder in villages. With 6.4 screens per 100,000 people, East Sussex’s screen density is lower than the South East regional average. Half of all screens in East Sussex operate on a part time basis, and the area has the lowest ratio of full time screens to population in the South East (3.2). Film societies and community cinemas are especially prevalent in East Sussex (the area is home to 17% of all such exhibitors in the South East), although the larger towns are also served by commercial cinemas and mixed use venues:

60

Commercial cinema Cineworld Eastbourne Curzon Eastbourne Electric Palace Cinema Hailsham Pavilion Odeon Hastings Uckfield Picture House

Film festival Afrikaba Festival Trash Cannes Festival Hastings


Camber Film Club Ditchling Film Society Eastbourne Film Society Film at All Saints Film on Friday Forest Row Film Society Hailsham Film Club Hillcrest Film Society Kingsmere Community Association Lewes Cinema Lewes Film Club Lewes Junior Film Club Pinegrove Pictures Rye Community Centre Film Club Seaford Community Cinema St Leonards Film Society Uckfield Film Society Wadhurst Community Cinema

Mixed use venue De La Warr Pavillion Under Ground Theatre


Peacehaven Cinema Community House (CineMobile) Wivelsfield Village Hall (CineMobile)

Other Towner Gallery Two-fifths (39%) of exhibitors screen in community centres, and a further 23% use arts centres/ theatres. There is limited multiplex provision in East Sussex, and very few exhibitors screen in temporary or occasional spaces. All but one screening venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and one in five (22%) offer Audio description/subtitling (Cineworld Eastbourne, Odeon Hastings, De La Warr Pavilion, Electric Picture Palace and Lewes Cinema). Three exhibitors programme Autism friendly screenings (Cineword Eastbourne, Hailsham Pavilion and Odeon Hastings). Two-fifths (38%) of exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, which is above average for the South East.

61

Hampshire County Council http://www.hants.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Hampshire 55 94 (48) 13,862 1,322,100 7.1 3.6 143 South East 302 604

(427) 105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Hampshire, the local authority area with the second largest population in the South East, is home to 55 exhibitors- the largest number in the region (equivalent to nearly one in five of all exhibitors in the South East). Despite this, Hampshire’s ratio of screens to population (7.1 per 100,000 people) falls just below the South East average, while the ratio of full time screens is well below average as 88% of Hampshire’s exhibitors operate in single screen venues on a part time or occasional basis. Hampshire has no out of town screens. Two thirds (67%) of exhibitors screen in town centre locations, and the remainder are located in villages (the highest proportion in the South East). 70% of exhibitors are film societies, community cinemas or mobile and touring cinema promoters. Hampshire has the highest share of the latter in the South East as a result of Moviola’s presence in the area (Hampshire is home to nearly half [48%] of all mobile and touring cinema promoters in the South East). The majority (60%) of exhibitors use community centre venues, the highest proportion in the South East.

62

Commercial cinema Cineworld Aldershot Everyman Winchester Odeon Andover Odeon Basingstoke Palace Cinema, Alton Reel Market Quay Vue Basingtoke Vue Eastleigh

Film festival Winchester Short Film Festival Film society/ community cinema

Andover Film Club Beaulieu and District Film Society Films at Ridley Hall Films in Buriton Hawkley Parish Hall Film Club Highclere Film Club Kingsclere Film Club Liphook Millennium Centre Lymington Cinema Lymington Film Society Movie Night at the Hilt Movies at the Parish Hall Pelican Film Society Saturday Cinema Steep Film Society Tadley & District Community Association Victoria Hall Charity Whitehill & Bordon Community Association Winchester Film Society

Mixed use venue The Berry Theatre Forest Arts The New Savoy Cinema Phoenix Theatre The Point Princes Hall Theatre The Spring Arts & Heritage Centre Station Theatre


Brockenhurst Cinema (Moviola Associate) Burley Film Nights (Moviola Associate) Cross Barn Cinema (Moviola Associate) Denmead Community Association Film Nights (Moviola Associate) East Meon (Moviola Associate) East Stratton Moviola Emsworth Community Centre (Moviola Associate) Fordingbridge Entertainments Society (Moviola Associate) Frogham Moviola

63

Goodworth Clatford Village Club (Moviola Associate) Hambledon Moviola Monxton Moviola Owslebury (Moviola Associate) Ringwood Moviola Ropley Moviola Stockbridge Moviola Timsbury Moviola Titchfield Moviola Upper Clatford Moviola

Other - All but one screening venue, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and one in ten (13%) offer Audio description/subtitling (Cineworld Aldershot, Odeon Andover, Odeon Basingstoke, Reel Market Quay, Vue Basingtoke, Vue Eastleigh, and The Spring Arts & Heritage Centre). Four exhibitors programme Autism friendly screenings (Cineworld Aldershot, Odeon Andover, Odeon Basingstoke, Vue Basingtoke and Vue Eastleigh). Only one in ten exhibitors in Hampshire devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, which is well below average for the South East. However, Hampshire has the lowest proportion of exhibitors who devote 10% or less of their programme to specialised film (18%): the majority of exhibitors fall in the middle range of specialised provision. Is le of Wight Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.iwight.com/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Isle of Wight

9 18 (14) 851 138,400 13.0 10.1 26

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

The Isle of Wight has nine exhibitors, the majority (94%) of which are based in town centre locations (the remainder are in village locations: there are no out of town developments). The island has the highest ratio of screens to population in the South East (13.0), and the same applies to full time screens (10.1).

64

The number of exhibitors is split evenly between commercial cinemas, film society/ community cinemas and mixed use venues. The Isle of Wight has one annual film festival, running since 2007 (Isle of Wight Film Festival), and a touring cinema operator which puts on summer screening events at locations around the island (The Extraordinary Travelling Film Show). Commercial cinema Cineworld Isle of Wight

Commodore Cinema Film festival Isle of Wight Film Festival Film society/ community cinema

Freshwater Film Club Ventnor Film Society

Mixed use venue Apollo Theatre Quay Arts Centre Ventnor Arts Club


The Extraordinary Travelling Film Show

Other - Over three quarters (78%) of exhibitors operate on a part time or occasional basis, which is above average for the South East. Two-fifths of exhibitors in the Isle of Wight (44%) are based in arts centres/theatres. All of the island’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, while Cineworld Isle of Wight offers Audio description/subtitling and Autism friendly screenings. One third (33%) of exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised films, and a further 44% devote 67% to 89% to the same. The island’s two commercial cinemas devote less than 10% of their programme to specialised titles. Kent County Council http://www.kent.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Kent 39 88 (71) 15,883 1,466,500 6.0 4.8 92 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

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The area administered by Kent County Council has the largest population of all ‘upper tier’ local government areas in the South East. The county is second only to Hampshire in terms of the number of exhibitors and screens, but it’s large population means it has the lowest screen density in the South East (6.0 screens per 100,000 people). 44% of Kent’s exhibitors operate on a full time basis (well above average for the South East), and the county is home to nearly one in five (17%) of all full time exhibitors in the South East. Nonetheless, Kent’s full time screen density (4.8 per 100,000 people) remains below average for the South East. Half of all screens in Kent are in out of town locations, and one in ten venues (13%) in the county are multiplexes. Kent is also well served by mixed use venues, housing one in five (22%) of all such exhibitors in the South East. Only 6% of Kent’s screens are found in village locations.

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Commercial cinema Carlton Westgate-on-Sea Cineworld Ashford Empire Sandwich Kavanagh Cinema Kino Hawkhurst Odeon Canterbury Odeon Maidstone Odeon Tunbridge Wells Palace Cinema, Broadstairs Royal Cinema Faversham Showcase Bluewater Silver Screen Folkestone Silver Screen Dover Vue Thanet

Film festival Electric Lantern Festival Kent Film Festival Swale Film Festival


Cranbrook Film Society The Croxy Crockenhill Community Cinema Egerton Film Society Faversham Film Society Fleapit Cinema Club Maidstone Film Society Tenterden Film Society Thanet Film Society

Mixed use venue Astor Community Theatre Granville Greengrass Cinema/Woodville Gulbenkian Horsebridge Centre LIMBO Arts Limited Quarterhouse Screen at Avenue Theatre Stag Cinema Trinity Theatre & Art Centre


Angel Centre (Southern Cinema Services) Blue Town Remembered Heritage Centre (Moviola Associate) Hythe Community Cinema (Moviola Associate)

Other Tunbridge Wells Museum & Art Gallery All but two venues used by exhibitors in Kent, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access. Seven exhibitors offer Audio description/ Subtitling (Cineworld Ashford, Odeon Canterbury, Odeon Maidstone, Odeon Tunbridge Wells, Showcase Bluewater, Vue Thanet and Gulbenkian) and six programme Autism friendly screenings (Cineworld Ashford, Odeon

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Canterbury, Odeon Maidstone, Odeon Tunbridge Wells, Vue Thanet and Gulbenkian). Just over a quarter (26%) of Kent’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, while 45% devote 10% or less to the same. Medway Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.medway.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Medway 8 22 (18) 5,034 264,900 8.3 6.8 16 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Medway is home to eight exhibitors, including two commercial cinemas, three mobile/touring venues programmed by Rochester Film Society, a film festival, mixed use venue and traditional film society. Three quarters of Medway’s exhibitors screen on a part time or occasional basis (in line with the average for the South East). Medway has a high screen density (8.3 screens per 100,000 people), and the ratio for full time screens (6.8 per 100,000 people) is higher than average for the South East. The majority of its screens are in out of town multiplexes (82%), and the remainder are in town centre locations. Commercial cinema Cineworld Rochester

Odeon Chatham Film festival 51:zero Voyager Film society/ community cinema

Medway Film Society

Mixed use venue Central Theatre, Chatham Mobile or touring cinema promoter

Rochester Film Society (Rochester Film Society) Rochester Nucleus Gallery (Rochester Film Society) Rochester Picture Palace (Rochester Film Society)

Other -

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All of Medway’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and two offer Audio description/ Subtitling and Autism friendly screenings (Odeon Chatham and Cineworld Rochester). Two thirds (67%) of Medway’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, well above average for the South East. The remainder devote 10% or less of their programme to specialised film. Oxfordshire County Council https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Oxon 29 59 (42) 9,640 654,800 9.0 6.4 132 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Oxfordshire has 29 exhibitors operating 59 screens, one third of which (34%) are full time. The county has an above average screen density for the South East (9.0 screens per 100,000 people), and this also applies to full time screens. Oxfordshire has a large number of commercial cinemas serving its major towns and the city of Oxford, including four multiplexes. It also has a large number of film societies and community cinemas in rural villages and market towns, but no mobile or touring promoters. Only 7% of the county’s screens are found in village locations.

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Commercial cinema Cineworld Didcot Cineworld Witney Odeon Banbury Odeon Oxford (George Street) Odeon Oxford (Magdalen Street) The Phoenix Picturehouse Regal Picturehouse Henley The Ultimate Picture Palace Vue Bicester Vue Ozone Leisure Park

Film festival Oxdox Film society/ community cinema

Abingdon College and District Film Society Adderbury Cine Club Barford Picture House ChOC, Charlbury Cropredy Film Society Didcot Film Club Farringdon Regent Cinema Films in Bloxham Longworth Village Hall Film Club Magdalen Film Society Oxford Brookes University Thame Cinema for All Witney Community Cinema

Mixed use venue Chipping Norton Theatre Corn Exchange, Wallingford Mill Arts Centre Modern Art Oxford


-

Other Film Oxford All of Oxfordshire’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access. 36% also offer Audio description/ Subtitled performances (Cineworld Didcot, Cineworld Witney, Odeon Banbury, Odeon Oxford [George Street], Phoenix Picturehouse, Regal Picturehouse, Vue Bicester, Vue Ozone Leisure Park, Abingdon College and District Film Society and Thame Cinema for All). One third (32%) programme Autism friendly screenings (Odeon Oxford [Magdalen Street], Chipping Norton Theatre, Cineworld Didcot, Cineworld Witney, Odeon Banbury, Odeon Oxford [George Street], Regal Picturehouse, Vue Bicester and Vue Ozone Leisure Park). Around a quarter (23%) of Oxfordshire’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, while for over a third of exhibitors (35%) specialised films form less than 10% of the titles shown.

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Portsmouth City Council (Unitary Authority) https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



P’smouth

7 23 (20) 6,341 205,400 11.2 9.7 14

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Portsmouth is home to seven exhibitors, including two multiplexes, an annual film festival that takes place in a range of unconventional venues, two film societies/ community cinemas and two mixed use venues. The city has the second largest ratio of screens to population in the South East (11.2 screens per 100,000 people), and the same applies for its full time screen ratio (9.7). The majority of screens (87%) are based in two out of town multiplexes. Commercial cinema Vue Portsmouth

Odeon Portsmouth Film festival Making Waves Film Festival Film society/ community cinema

No6 Cinema Portsmouth Film Society

Mixed use venue Portsmouth Guildhall Kings Theatre Portsmouth


-

Other - Four out of five venues, for which information is available, provide wheelchair access and the two multiplexes offer Audio description/ subtitling and Autism friendly screenings. Two fifths (43%) of Portsmouth’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film (Making Waves Film Festival, Portsmouth Film Society and Portsmouth Guildhall), well above average for the South East.

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Reading Borough Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.reading.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Reading 3 14 (11) 2,037 155,300 9.0 7.1 20 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Reading has three exhibitors: an 11 screen multiplex, a film society based on the University campus, and a charity that hosts regular screening events (NB the Showcase Reading multiplex is based in an out of town location in the neighbouring area administered by Wokingham Borough Council). The town’s screen density is higher than average for the South East (9.0 screens per 100,000 people), and this also applies to its full time screen density (7.1). Commercial cinema Vue Reading Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Reading Film Theatre

Mixed use venue - Mobile or touring cinema promoter

-

Other RISC World Film Club All of Reading’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access. Two venues offer Audio description/subtitling (Reading Film Theatre and Vue Reading), while Vue Reading also programmes Autism friendly screenings. RISC World Film Club devotes all of its programme to specialised film, while Reading Film Theatre devotes the majority of its screenings (between 67% and 89%) to specialised titles.

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Slough Borough Council (Unitary Authority) https://www.slough.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Slough 4 12 (10) 2,334 140,700 8.5 7.1 12 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Slough is home to four exhibitors: a ten screen multiplex, an annual short film festival run by a youth group, a traditional film society and a faith-based digital arts charity that screens films in multiple venues around the town. The multiplex is the only exhibitor operating on a full time basis. Slough’s screen density is higher than average for the South East (8.5 screens per 100,000 people) and this also applies to the full time screen density (7.1). Commercial cinema Empire Slough Film festival Slough International Film Festival Film society/ community cinema

Slough Co-operative Film Society


-

Other Art Beyond Belief All of Slough’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access. None of the exhibitors offer Audio description/ subtitling or Autism friendly screenings. Art Beyond Belief, Slough International Film Festival and Slough Co-operative Film Society screen specialised films exclusively.

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Southampton City Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.southampton.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



S’thampton 8 22 (20) 3,068 235,900 9.3 8.5 20 South East 302 604

(427) 105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Southampton has eight exhibitors, including two out of town multiplexes and another commercial cinema in the city centre; two film festivals that screen across multiple venues in the city; two film societies (one of which is based on the University campus and only admits students and staff); and a restaurant offering weekly cult film screenings. The city’s screen density is higher than average for the South East (9.3 screens per 100,000 people) and this also applies to its full time screen density (8.5). Commercial cinema Cineworld Southampton

Harbour Lights Picturehouse Odeon Southampton

Film festival City Eye Southampton International Film Festival


Phoenix Film Society Union Films


-

Other Orange Rooms Three out of four venues for which information is available provide wheelchair access and offer Audio description/ Subtitling and Autism friendly screenings (Odeon Southampton, Harbour Lights Picturehouse and Cineworld Southampton). Two exhibitors (Phoenix Film Society and Southampton International Film Festival) screen specialised film exclusively, while City Eye devotes the majority of its programme to specialised titles (67% to 89%). Union Films and Orange Rooms screen specialised titles alongside more mainstream works.

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Surrey County Council http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Surrey 30 73 (55) 15,494 1,135,400 6.4 4.8 102 South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Surrey, the third most populated ‘upper tier’ local government area in the South East and part of the London commuter belt, is home to 30 exhibitors. At 6.4 screens per 100,000 people, the county’s screen density is below average for the South East, and the same is true of its full time screen density (4.8). The larger towns in Surrey are well served by commercial cinemas (including five multiplexes), and only 11% of its screens are in village locations (despite the fact that film societies and community cinemas make up the largest group of exhibitors in the county, 40%). There is a single mobile/touring cinema promoter active in Surrey (Flix in the Stix at Capel, an associate member of Moviola).

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Commercial cinema Ambassadors Everyman Oxted Everyman Reigate Everyman Walton Harlequin Cinema Odeon Epsom Odeon Esher Odeon Guildford Vue Camberley Vue Staines

Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Chertsey Film Society Chiddingfold Cinema Cranleigh Film Club Electric Theatre Elstead Cinema Godalming Borough Hall Cinema Godalming Film Society Hook Norton Film Society Lingfield Film Club Shere Village Cinema Walton & Weybridge Film Society Woking New Cinema Club (Mayfield)

Mixed use venue Camberley Theatre Cranleigh Arts Centre Dorking Halls Farnham Maltings Haslemere Hall Leatherhead Theatre and Cinema Miller Centre Film Club


Flix in the Stix at Capel (Moviola Associate)

Other - All of Surrey’s exhibitors, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and six offer Audio description/ Subtitling (Ambassadors, Odeon Epsom, Odeon Esher, Odeon Guildford, Vue Camberley and Vue Staines). With the exception of Ambassadors, these exhibitors also programme Autism friendly screenings. One in five (18%) exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised films, which is below average for the South East.

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West Berkshire Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.westberks.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



West Berkshire

9 15 (8) 1,183 154,100 9.7 5.2 36

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

West Berkshire has nine exhibitors, two thirds (67%) of which are film societies/ community cinemas operating on a part time basis. For this reason, West Berkshire has a screen density that is higher than average for the South East (9.7 screens per 100,000 people), but full time screen density is lower than average (5.2). 80% of West Berkshire’s screens are found in town centre locations, including the only multiplex in the area (Vue Newbury), with the remainder in villages. Commercial cinema Vue Newbury Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Bradfield College Film Society Chieveley Cinema Club Croft Films Mortimer Film Club Thatcham Film Nights Valley Film Society, East Garston

Mixed use venue Corn Exchange Newbury Mobile or touring cinema promoter

-

Other Shaw House All venues for which information exists provide wheelchair access and two offer Audio description/ Subtitling and programme Autism friendly screenings (Corn Exchange Newbury and Vue Newbury). One in three (29%) exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, which is in line with the South East average.

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West Sussex County Council http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



West Sussex

37 63 (41) 9,184 808,900 7.8 5.1 82

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679 7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

West Sussex is home to 37 exhibitors, the third largest number in the South East after Hampshire and Kent. As in West Berkshire, the county has a higher than average screen density (7.8 screens per 100,000 people) but the full time screen density is below average (5.1) due to the relatively large proportion of part time film societies/ community cinemas operating in the area. A further significant feature is the presence of a large number of part time mobile/touring cinema promoters, the majority of which are operated by CineMobile. The county also has a number of commercial cinemas, including the largest multiplex in the South East (the 15 screen Cineworld Crawley).

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Commercial cinema The Atrium The Capitol Chichester Cinema at New Park Cineworld Chichester Cineworld Crawley Curzon Crawley (The Hawth) Dome Cinema Orion Cinema Picturedrome

Film festival Chichester Film Festival Film society/ community cinema

Chidham and Hambrook Film Society Fernhurst Films Hurstpierpoint Film Society Lindfield King Edward Hall Petworth Film House Ropetackle Film Club Selsey Cinema Club Slindon Film Night Steyning Film Society Sussex Cinema Worthing Film Club

Mixed use venue Connaught & Ritz Theatre Windmill Theatre


Arundel Town Hall (CineMobile) Balcombe Victory Hall (CineMobile) Billingshurst Community and Conference Centre (CineMobile) Cinemobile Clair Hall (Southern Cinema Services) Conservative Hall (CineMobile) Henfield Hall (CineMobile) Pulborough Village Hall (CineMobile) Rudgwick Village Hall (CineMobile)

Other British Drive In Movies Cowdray Hall Eco Cinema, Transition Chichester Pallant House Gallery West Street Loft

All of West Sussex’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and five offer Audio description/ Subtitling (The Atrium, Chichester Cinema at New Park, Cineworld Chichester, Cineworld Crawley and Dome Cinema). Three of these venues also programme Autism friendly screenings (Cineworld Chichester, Cineworld Crawley and Dome Cinema).

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Only 14% of West Sussex’s exhibitors devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film, the second lowest proportion in the South East after Hampshire, while nearly half (48%) devote less than 10%. Windsor & Maidenhead Borough Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Windsor & M’nhead

4 11 (8) 1,622 145,100 7.6 5.5 6

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

The Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead has four exhibitors, comprising an 8 screen multiplex, a community cinema and two mixed use venues. The Borough’s screen density (for all types of screens and full time screens) is in line with the South East average (7.6 screens per 100,00 people, and 5.5 respectively). All of the Windsor & Maidenhead’s screens are found in town centre locations. Commercial cinema Odeon Maidenhead Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Cordes Hall Cinema

Mixed use venue Firestation Centre for Arts and Culture Norden Farm Centre For The Arts


-

Other - All of the Borough’s venues, for which information exists, provide wheelchair access, and Odeon Maidenhead offers Audio description/ Subtitling and Autism friendly screenings. None of Windsor & Maidenhead’s exhibitors devote 90% of more of their programme to specialised film, while two devote less than 10%.

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Wokingham Borough Council (Unitary Authority) http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/

Exhibitors

Screens (full time)

Seats


Screens per 100k



Wokingham

2 15 (14) 3,452 154,900 9.7 9.0 8

South East

302 604 (427)

105,679

7,896,300 7.6 5.4 50 (mean)

Wokingham is home to just two exhibitors: Showcase Reading, a multiplex, and Wokingham Film Society. The multiplex, with 14 screens (the third largest in the South East), accounts for Wokingham’s above average screen ratio of 9.7 screens per 100,000 people and 9.0 full time screens per 100,000 people. Commercial cinema Showcase Reading Film festival - Film society/ community cinema

Wokingham Film Society


-

Other - Showcase Reading provides wheelchair access and offers Audio description/ Subtitling. Neither exhibitor programmes Autism friendly screenings. Wokingham Film Society, which formed in 2013, programmes specialised film exclusively, while Showcase Reading devotes less than 10% of its programme to this type of film.

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3. Strengths, weaknesses and opportunit ies 3.1 Reach 3.1.1 Infrastructure In terms of film exhibition infrastructure (that is, the number, type and location of exhibitors), the mapping exercise confirms that provision is unevenly distributed around the South East for a variety of geographic and socioeconomic reasons. There are noteworthy local clusters of activity, which can usefully be considered as strengths, including Brighton & Hove’s vibrant, mixed ecology of commercial and alternative cinema provision, and Moviola’s extensive touring network in rural Hampshire. Yet across the South East region as a whole, differences in provision persist, and population size and density is one obvious factor at play. Generally speaking, the higher the concentration of people in an area, the greater likelihood the local market for big screen entertainment will be served by full time commercial cinemas. Conversely, film exhibition activity in sparsely populated areas may either be non-existent or will tend to rely on the efforts of part time, volunteer-run film societies, community cinemas and mobile or touring networks. Table 81 ranks ‘upper tier’ local government areas by their population densities, confirming this general pattern: the ratio of full time screens to population tends to be larger in the most densely populated areas.12 Table 81: Population and screen densities, ‘Upper tier’ local government areas

12 There are exceptions. For example, the Isle of Wight has a relatively low population density, but has the highest ratio of full time screens to people in the South East. This is doubtless a consequence of commercial operators catering for the seasonal uplift in demand generated by holidaymakers, and the captive nature of the resident audience who are unlikely to leave the island in search of cinema experiences in neighbouring areas.

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‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

Area (sq km)

People per sq km


Portsmouth UA 205,400 40 5,104 9.7 Southampton UA 235,900 50 4,732 8.5 Slough UA 140,700 33 4,325 7.1 Reading UA 155,300 40 3,845 7.1 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 83 3,302 7.0 Medway UA 264,900 192 1,379 6.8 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 109 1,039 9.7 Wokingham UA 154,900 179 866 9.0 Windsor and Maidenhead UA 145,100 197 738 5.5 Surrey 1,135,400 1,663 683 4.8 Kent 1,466,500 3,544 414 4.8 West Sussex 808,900 1,991 406 5.1 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 380 364 10.1 Hampshire 1,322,100 3,679 359 3.6 East Sussex 527,200 1,709 309 3.2 Oxfordshire 654,800 2,605 251 6.4 West Berkshire UA 154,100 704 219 5.2 Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Table 82 presents the same data at a more granular level, giving a detailed overview of film exhibition provision based on population and screen densities in ‘lower tier’ government areas. Table 82: Population and screen densities, ‘Lower tier’ local government areas ‘Lower tier’ local government area


Population 2011

Area sq km

People per sq km

Screens per 100k

Oxford Oxfordshire 150,200 46 3,295 15.3 Crawley West Sussex 107,100 45 2,380 14.9 Chichester West Sussex 114,000 786 145 14.9 Basingstoke and Deane

Hampshire 168,600 634 266 14.8

West Oxfordshire Oxfordshire 105,400 714 148 14.2 Dartford Kent 97,600 73 1,341 13.3 Isle of Wight UA Isle of Wight UA 138,400 380 364 13.0 Thanet Kent 134,400 103 1,301 12.6 Eastbourne East Sussex 99,300 44 2,249 12.1 Ashford Kent 118,400 581 204 11.8 Surrey Heath Surrey 86,400 95 908 11.6

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Portsmouth UA Portsmouth UA 205,400 40 5,104 11.2 Brighton & Hove UA

Brighton & Hove UA

273,000 83 3,302 11.0

Wokingham UA Wokingham UA 154,900 179 866 11.0 Epsom and Ewell Surrey 75,200 34 2,207 10.6 Spelthorne Surrey 95,900 45 2,135 10.4 Tunbridge Wells Kent 115,200 331 348 10.4 West Berkshire UA West Berkshire

UA 154,100 704 219 9.7

Bracknell Forest UA Bracknell Forest UA

113,700 109 1,039 9.7

East Hampshire Hampshire 116,000 514 226 9.5 Southampton UA Southampton UA 235,900 50 4,732 9.3 Eastleigh Hampshire 125,900 80 1,578 8.7 Test Valley Hampshire 116,700 628 186 8.6 Slough UA Slough UA 140,700 33 4,325 8.5 Rushmoor Hampshire 94,400 39 2,417 8.5 Medway UA Medway UA 264,900 192 1,379 8.3 South Oxfordshire Oxfordshire 135,000 679 199 8.1 Guildford Surrey 137,600 271 508 8.0 Reading UA Reading UA 155,300 40 3,845 7.7 Winchester Hampshire 116,800 661 177 7.7 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 197 738 7.6

Lewes East Sussex 97,600 292 334 7.2 Woking Surrey 99,500 64 1,564 7.0 Horsham West Sussex 131,500 530 248 6.8 Mid Sussex West Sussex 140,200 334 420 6.4 Mole Valley Surrey 85,600 258 332 5.8 Maidstone Kent 155,800 393 396 5.8 Waverley Surrey 121,800 345 353 5.7 Cherwell Oxfordshire 142,300 589 242 5.6 Hastings East Sussex 90,200 30 3,034 5.5 Fareham Hampshire 111,900 74 1,508 5.4 Elmbridge Surrey 131,400 95 1,383 5.3 Wealden East Sussex 149,400 833 179 4.7 New Forest Hampshire 176,800 753 235 4.5 Arun West Sussex 149,800 221 679 4.0 Canterbury Kent 150,600 309 488 4.0 Worthing West Sussex 105,000 32 3,232 3.8 Shepway Kent 108,200 357 303 3.7 Tandridge Surrey 83,200 248 335 3.6 Sevenoaks Kent 115,400 369 312 3.5 Rother East Sussex 90,700 509 178 3.3 Hart Hampshire 91,700 215 426 3.3 Adur West Sussex 61,300 42 1,467 3.3

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Dover Kent 111,700 315 355 2.7 Havant Hampshire 120,800 55 2,182 2.5 Vale of White Horse

Oxfordshire 121,900 578 211 2.5

Swale Kent 136,300 373 365 2.2 Reigate and Banstead

Surrey 138,400 129 1,072 2.2

Gravesham Kent 101,800 99 1,028 2.0 Runnymede Surrey 80,500 78 1,031 1.2 Tonbridge and Malling

Kent 121,100 240 504 0.8

Gosport Hampshire 82,700 25 3,269 0.0 Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation The Table highlights the low level of film provision (part and full time exhibitors) in areas like Swale (Kent), Reigate and Banstead (Surrey), Gravesham (Kent), Runnymede (Surrey), Tonbridge and Malling (Kent) and Gosport (Hampshire). In total, 31 ‘lower tier’ local government areas have screen densities below average for the South East (7.6 screens per 100,000 people). Mirroring Film Hub South East’s decision to divide the region in two when allocating responsibilities to its Audience Development Producers (ADPs), Table 83 lists those areas in Berkshire, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Oxfordshire and West Sussex with the lowest screen densities, while Table 84 lists those in East Sussex, Kent and Surrey. Table 83: Low screen density areas in Berkshire, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Oxfordshire and West Sussex ‘Lower tier’ local government area


Population 2011

Area sq km

People per sq km

Screens per 100k

Horsham West Sussex 131,500 530 248 6.8 Mid Sussex West Sussex 140,200 334 420 6.4 Cherwell Oxfordshire 142,300 589 242 5.6 Fareham Hampshire 111,900 74 1,508 5.4 New Forest Hampshire 176,800 753 235 4.5 Arun West Sussex 149,800 221 679 4.0 Worthing West Sussex 105,000 32 3,232 3.8 Hart Hampshire 91,700 215 426 3.3 Adur West Sussex 61,300 42 1,467 3.3 Havant Hampshire 120,800 55 2,182 2.5 Vale of White Horse

Oxfordshire 121,900 578 211 2.5

Gosport Hampshire 82,700 25 3,269 0.0 Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 84: Low screen density areas in East Sussex, Kent and Surrey ‘Lower tier’ local government area


Population 2011

Area sq km

People per sq km

Screens per 100k

Lewes East Sussex 97,600 292 334 7.2 Woking Surrey 99,500 64 1,564 7.0 Mole Valley Surrey 85,600 258 332 5.8 Maidstone Kent 155,800 393 396 5.8 Waverley Surrey 121,800 345 353 5.7 Hastings East Sussex 90,200 30 3,034 5.5 Elmbridge Surrey 131,400 95 1,383 5.3 Wealden East Sussex 149,400 833 179 4.7 Canterbury Kent 150,600 309 488 4.0 Shepway Kent 108,200 357 303 3.7 Tandridge Surrey 83,200 248 335 3.6 Sevenoaks Kent 115,400 369 312 3.5 Rother East Sussex 90,700 509 178 3.3 Dover Kent 111,700 315 355 2.7 Swale Kent 136,300 373 365 2.2 Reigate and Banstead

Surrey 138,400 129 1,072 2.2

Gravesham Kent 101,800 99 1,028 2.0 Runnymede Surrey 80,500 78 1,031 1.2 Tonbridge and Malling

Kent 121,100 240 504 0.8

Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation With reference to development opportunities, these areas could profitably be targeted for support through a variety of Film Hub South East initiatives including information sharing/ networking roadshow visits. Closer working ties could also be established with local authorities in these areas, to determine options for increasing cinema provision within the framework of local development plans. There is also scope for expanding part time community exhibition in these areas, by

• actively encouraging groups in these areas (working with existing exhibitors) to apply for the Film Hub South East Community Screen scheme;

• extending mobile/touring networks to these ‘under-screened’ areas, partnering with the likes of Moviola (in Hampshire), CineMobile (in West Sussex), and other active networks in the South East;

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• working alongside the BFI Neighbourhood Fund to encourage self-starting groups to develop their own provision locally.

Another way to increase film exhibition in the South East would be to encourage more arts centres/ theatres to include film programming alongside their existing activity (the success of alternative content in such venues where film is already programmed may help to incentivise this). Not every venue will be suited to the task, and site-specific feasibility studies will be required, alongside more detailed market research, to identify likely contenders. As a starting point, Table 85 lists 29 arts centres/ theatres where film is currently unavailable. They have been ranked by screen density, which helps to identify those venues in areas with relatively little existing film exhibition provision.

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Table 85: Arts centres/ theatres as potential film venues Arts centre/ theatre

Location

‘Lower tier’ local government area

People per sq km

Screens per 100k

Barn Theatre Oxted Oxted Tandridge 335 3.6 Leas Cliff Hall Folkestone Shepway 303 3.7 Newmarlowe Theatre

Canterbury Canterbury

488 4.0

Ashcroft Arts Centre* Fareham Fareham 1,508 5.4 White Rock Theatre Hastings Hastings 3,034 5.5 Chequer Mead East

Grinstead Mid Sussex 420 6.4

New Victoria Theatre Woking Woking 1,564 7.0 Theatre Royal Windsor*

Windsor Windsor & Maidenhead

738 7.6

Theatre R. Winchester

Winchester Winchester

177 7.7

The Tower at Kings Winchester Winchester 177 7.7 South Street Arts Centre

Reading Reading UA

3,845 7.7

Cornerstone Arts Centre

Didcot South Oxfordshire

199 8.1

Nucleus Arts Centre Chatham Medway UA 1,379 8.3 West End Centre Aldershot Rushmoor 2,417 8.5 West Wing Arts Centre

Slough Slough UA

4,325 8.5

Mayflower Theatre Southampton Southampton UA 4,732 9.3 Watermill Theatre West

Berkshire West Berkshire 219 9.7

Arlington Arts Centre West Berkshire West Berkshire

219 9.7

Assembly Hall Theatre

Tunbridge Wells Tunbridge Wells

348 10.4

Marlborough Pub Theatre

Brighton Brighton & Hove

3,302 11.0

New Theatre Royal Portsmouth Portsmouth 5,104 11.2 Congress Theatre Eastbourne Eastbourne 2,249 12.1 Theatre Royal Margate

Margate Thanet

1,301 12.6

Medina Theatre Newport, IoW Isle of Wight 364 13.0 Orchard Theatre Dartford Dartford 1,341 13.3 Central Studio Basingstoke Basingstoke and

Deane 266 14.8

New Theatre Oxford Oxford Oxford 3,295 15.3 Pegasus Theatre Oxford Oxford 3,295 15.3

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The Ark T Centre Oxford Oxford 3,295 15.3 Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation * Previously hosted film screenings, but no longer active (see Appendix 1) 3.1.2 Audience divers ity The other aspect of FAN’s ambition for improved reach across the UK concerns audience diversity, and the desire to provide greater opportunities for a wider range of people to access film and film culture. As part of the present research, a selection of exhibitors were asked what information they gather on the demographic composition of their audiences. Very few of those consulted collect anything more than addresses as a matter of routine (for example, when these details are required at the booking stage). Some exhibitors undertake periodic customer surveys, but these only present a snapshot and are rarely followed up over time. In the majority of cases data collection rarely extends to information on ethnicity and disability unless the exhibitor is required to collect it (for example, as a funding requirement). “The only information we hold on our members is their address and we haven’t done a survey for about 3 or 4 years now. We are hoping to do one in the Autumn, to gather information about our audience for possible sponsorship and advertising.” Film society/ community cinema “As far as I'm aware no-one has done any market research on our audience as the cinema is a fairly new project, but it is something I plan to do in the future.” Mixed use venue “We do carry out audience monitoring at screenings that have a discussion or Q&A element. We do gather audience data but usually only for our exhibitions and talks - not for screenings.” Mixed use venue “I may be able to glean some demographic material from the venue, as their box office keeps a list of customers, but I don't know how detailed this will be and will probably not contain information on ethnicity or disability.” Film festival This confirms survey evidence published by Cinema for All in 2013 (Annual Community Exhibitor Survey 2012/13, October 2013), which found that community exhibitors most commonly collect address details (33% answered

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‘yes’), followed by gender details (13%), age or age range (11%) and disability (7%). Only 4% of respondents had ever collected details about their audiences’ ethnic background. This poses a serious challenge to efforts for improving audience diversity, as performance is difficult to judge in the absence of baseline data and established monitoring protocols. Nonetheless, this can be remedied with periodic audience research provided exhibitors are given appropriate support and training. In terms of developing film exhibition provision in areas where demographic groups are traditionally under-represented in the cinema going population, where they are harder to reach for socioeconomic reasons, or are priorities for wider social inclusion agendas, the following Tables rank ‘upper tier’ local government areas by relevant variables (as a benchmark, Table 86 provides an overview of the South East as a whole). This is intended to assist Film Hub South East in targeting its support and outreach activity in priority areas for different demographic groups. Table 86: South East demographic profile Variable Population (2011) 7,896,300 People per sq km 459 Full time screens per 100,000 people 5.4 Screens per 100,000 people 7.6 % population aged 5 to 19 17.9% % population aged 65+ 15.9% % BAME population 12.4% % in routine occupations 9.1% % never worked or long term unemployed 4.1% % eligible for free school meals 11.2% % whose day to day activities are limited a little or a lot

15.4%

Source: Office for National Statistics, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

• Tables 87 and 88 rank areas by the proportion of their populations in the youngest and oldest age categories. Table 87 reveals that West Berkshire, which has a relatively high proportion of 5 to 19 year olds, has a lower than average full time screen density, while Kent, another area with a younger population profile, has proportionally fewer screens of all types per 100,000 people.

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Table 87: Population aged 5 to 19 ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% population aged 5 to 19


Screens per 100k

Slough UA 140,700 19.8 7.1 8.5 Medway UA 264,900 19.7 6.8 8.3 West Berkshire UA 154,100 18.6 5.2 9.7 Wokingham UA 154,900 18.6 9.0 9.7 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 18.5 9.7 9.7 Kent 1,466,500 18.5 4.8 6.0 Portsmouth UA 205,400 18.5 9.7 11.2 South East average 17.9 5.4 7.6 Surrey 1,135,400 17.8 4.8 6.4 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 17.8 5.5 7.6

Hampshire 1,322,100 17.7 3.6 7.1 Oxfordshire 654,800 17.7 6.4 9.0 Southampton UA 235,900 17.5 8.5 9.3 East Sussex 527,200 16.9 3.2 6.4 Reading UA 155,300 16.9 7.1 9.0 West Sussex 808,900 16.8 5.1 7.8 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 16.5 10.1 13.0 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 16.4 7.0 11.0 Source: Office for National Statistics

• East Sussex, Hampshire, Kent and Surrey all have relatively high proportions of people aged 65+ and lower than average screen densities, while the same applies to West Sussex and full time screen density (Table 88):

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Table 88: Population aged 65+ ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% population aged 65+


Screens per 100k

Isle of Wight UA 138,400 23.9 10.1 13.0 East Sussex 527,200 22.7 3.2 6.4 West Sussex 808,900 20.6 5.1 7.8 Hampshire 1,322,100 18.4 3.6 7.1 Kent 1,466,500 17.9 4.8 6.0 Surrey 1,135,400 17.2 4.8 6.4 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 16.7 5.5 7.6

South East average 15.9 5.4 7.6 Oxfordshire 654,800 15.9 6.4 9.0 Wokingham UA 154,900 15.4 9.0 9.7 West Berkshire UA 154,100 15.3 5.2 9.7 Medway UA 264,900 14.0 6.8 8.3 Portsmouth UA 205,400 13.5 9.7 11.2 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 13.1 7.0 11.0 Southampton UA 235,900 13.0 8.5 9.3 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 12.5 9.7 9.7 Reading UA 155,300 11.4 7.1 9.0 Slough UA 140,700 9.1 7.1 8.5 Source: Office for National Statistics

• Table 89 shows ‘upper tier’ local government areas with relatively high proportions of people from Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds.

• Those areas with the highest concentration of BAME populations (which are predominantly urban) tend to have above average screen densities:

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Table 89: Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) population ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

BAME population %


Screens per 100k

Slough UA 140,700 54.3 7.1 8.5 Reading UA 155,300 25.1 7.1 9.0 Southampton UA 235,900 14.2 8.5 9.3 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 13.8 5.5 7.6

South East average 12.4 5.4 7.6 Portsmouth UA 205,400 11.6 9.7 11.2 Wokingham UA 154,900 11.6 9.0 9.7 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 10.9 7.0 11.0 Medway UA 264,900 10.4 6.8 8.3 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 9.7 9.7 9.7 Surrey 1,135,400 9.7 4.8 6.4 Oxfordshire 654,800 9.2 6.4 9.0 West Sussex 808,900 6.4 5.1 7.8 Kent 1,466,500 6.3 4.8 6.0 West Berkshire UA 154,100 5.1 5.2 9.7 Hampshire 1,322,100 5.0 3.6 7.1 East Sussex 527,200 4.1 3.2 6.4 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 2.7 10.1 13.0 Source: Office for National Statistics

• Tables 90 to 92 look at socioeconomic status from different perspectives. Tables 90 and 91 reveal that of all the ‘upper tier’ local government areas with below average screen densities, Kent has the highest proportion of its adult population in routine occupations, and people that have never worked or are classed as long term unemployed:

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Table 90: Socioeconomic status: routine occupations ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% in routine occupations


Screens per 100k

Medway UA 264,900 12.3 6.8 8.3 Southampton UA 235,900 12.0 8.5 9.3 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 11.6 10.1 13.0 Slough UA 140,700 11.6 7.1 8.5 Portsmouth UA 205,400 11.1 9.7 11.2 Kent 1,466,500 10.4 4.8 6.0 Oxfordshire 654,800 9.2 6.4 9.0 South East average 9.1 5.4 7.6 Hampshire 1,322,100 9.0 3.6 7.1 Reading UA 155,300 9.0 7.1 9.0 East Sussex 527,200 8.8 3.2 6.4 West Sussex 808,900 8.6 5.1 7.8 West Berkshire UA 154,100 8.4 5.2 9.7 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 7.9 9.7 9.7 Brighton and Hove UA

273,000 6.6 7.0 11.0


145,100 6.3 5.5 7.6

Surrey 1,135,400 6.1 4.8 6.4 Wokingham UA 154,900 5.3 9.0 9.7 Source: Office for National Statistics

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Table 91: Socioeconomic status: Never worked and long term unemployed ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% Never worked & long term unemployed


Screens per 100k

Slough UA 140,700 8.9 7.1 8.5 Reading UA 155,300 5.5 7.1 9.0 Medway UA 264,900 5.4 6.8 8.3 Southampton UA 235,900 5.1 8.5 9.3 Portsmouth UA 205,400 4.7 9.7 11.2 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 4.4 10.1 13.0 Kent 1,466,500 4.4 4.8 6.0 South East average 4.1 5.4 7.6 East Sussex 527,200 4.1 3.2 6.4 Brighton and Hove UA

273,000 4.0 7.0 11.0


145,100 3.3 5.5 7.6

West Sussex 808,900 3.2 5.1 7.8 Surrey 1,135,400 3.0 4.8 6.4 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 2.9 9.7 9.7 Hampshire 1,322,100 2.9 3.6 7.1 Oxfordshire 654,800 2.9 6.4 9.0 West Berkshire UA 154,100 2.7 5.2 9.7 Wokingham UA 154,900 2.7 9.0 9.7 Source: Office for National Statistics

• Eligibility for free school meals is another indicator of socioeconomic status, and Table 92 shows that East Sussex’s screen density is below average for the South East while the area has a relatively large proportion of families entitled to free school meals:

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Table 92: Socioeconomic status: free school meals ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% eligible for free school meals


Screens per 100k

Southampton UA 235,900 21.2 8.5 9.3 Portsmouth UA 205,400 18.9 9.7 11.2 Reading UA 155,300 16.8 7.1 9.0 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 15.7 7.0 11.0 Isle of Wight UA 138,400 13.2 10.1 13.0 Slough UA 140,700 12.9 7.1 8.5 Medway UA 264,900 12.7 6.8 8.3 East Sussex 527,200 12.2 3.2 6.4 South East average 11.2 5.4 7.6 Kent 1,466,500 10.6 4.8 6.0 Hampshire 1,322,100 8.4 3.6 7.1 Oxfordshire 654,800 8.3 6.4 9.0 West Sussex 808,900 8.2 5.1 7.8 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 6.7 5.5 7.6

Surrey 1,135,400 6.5 4.8 6.4 West Berkshire UA 154,100 6.5 5.2 9.7 Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 6.0 9.7 9.7 Wokingham UA 154,900 5.3 9.0 9.7 Source: Office for National Statistics

• Table 93 reveals how patterns of disability in the South East population map against screen densities in ‘upper tier’ local government areas. East Sussex, Kent and Hampshire have relatively large disabled populations and below average screen densities (West Sussex also has a large number of people with a disability, and below average full time screen density):

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Table 93: Disability in the population ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011

% Day to day activities limited a little or a lot


Screens per 100k

Isle of Wight UA 138,400 22.6 10.1 13.0 East Sussex 527,200 20.4 3.2 6.4 Kent 1,466,500 17.6 4.8 6.0 West Sussex 808,900 17.3 5.1 7.8 Medway UA 264,900 16.4 6.8 8.3 Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 16.3 7.0 11.0 Southampton UA 235,900 16.2 8.5 9.3 Portsmouth UA 205,400 16.0 9.7 11.2 Hampshire 1,322,100 15.8 3.6 7.1 South East average 15.4 5.4 7.6 Oxfordshire 654,800 13.8 6.4 9.0 Surrey 1,135,400 13.5 4.8 6.4 Slough UA 140,700 13.4 7.1 8.5 West Berkshire UA 154,100 13.2 5.2 9.7 Reading UA 155,300 13.0 7.1 9.0 Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 12.7 5.5 7.6

Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 12.3 9.7 9.7 Wokingham UA 154,900 11.9 9.0 9.7 Source: Office for National Statistics

• Disability raises practical issues around access: it is not just the availability of film screens that is important, but also whether they are accessible to wheelchair users, and if they host performances employing Audio Description and Subtitling or Autism friendly screenings.

• At the level of ‘upper tier’ local government areas, the provision of wheelchair access varies little across the South East. However, there are significant differences in the availability of audio visual accessibility options and Autism friendly programming.

• No exhibitors in Slough offer Audio Description or Subtitling, while a minority of exhibitors in Hampshire, Isle of Wight and West Sussex do so despite these areas having above average proportions of disabled people in the local population (Table 94).13

13 The measure for disability employed by the 2011 Census does not distinguish different types of disability, only the impact on ‘day to day activities’. Not everyone affected by disability will benefit from Audio Description, Subtitling or Autism friendly screenings, but the measure is nonetheless useful as a proxy indicator.

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• Similarly, no exhibitors in Wokingham or Slough programme Autism friendly screenings, and West Sussex, Hampshire, East Sussex, Isle of Wight and Kent all have below average numbers that do so (Table 95).

Table 94: AV accessibility and disability in the population ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011


% Exhibitors offering AV accessible screenings

Slough UA 140,700 13.4 - Hampshire 1,322,100 15.8 13% Isle of Wight UA 138,400 22.6 14% West Sussex 808,900 17.3 14% Kent 1,466,500 17.6 19% East Sussex 527,200 20.4 21% Surrey 1,135,400 13.5 21% South East average 15.4 22% West Berkshire UA 154,100 13.2 22% Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 16.3 24% Medway UA 264,900 16.4 25% Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 12.7 25%

Oxfordshire 654,800 13.8 36% Portsmouth UA 205,400 16.0 40% Southampton UA 235,900 16.2 50% Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 12.3 50% Wokingham UA 154,900 11.9 50% Reading UA 155,300 13.0 67% Source: Office for National Statistics

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Table 95: Autism friendly screenings and disability in the population ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Population, 2011


% Exhibitors offering Autism friendly screenings

Wokingham UA 154,900 11.9 - Slough UA 140,700 13.4 - West Sussex 808,900 17.3 9% Hampshire 1,322,100 15.8 9% East Sussex 527,200 20.4 10% Isle of Wight UA 138,400 22.6 14% Kent 1,466,500 17.6 16% South East average 15.4 18% Surrey 1,135,400 13.5 21% West Berkshire UA 154,100 13.2 22% Brighton and Hove UA 273,000 16.3 24% Medway UA 264,900 16.4 25% Windsor & Maidenhead UA

145,100 12.7 25%

Oxfordshire 654,800 13.8 32% Reading UA 155,300 13.0 33% Portsmouth UA 205,400 16.0 40% Southampton UA 235,900 16.2 50% Bracknell Forest UA 113,700 12.3 50% Source: Office for National Statistics 3.2 Breadth: special ised f i lm provis ion Unlike other FAN regions, the South East has not had a nationally recognised, publicly funded ‘arthouse’ cinema since the Southampton Film Theatre lost BFI support as a Regional Film Theatre in the late 1970s (eventually becoming The Phoenix film society that remains active today).14 As previously noted, film exhibition provision is unevenly distributed across the South East, a situation that is even more extreme for specialised film. Full time provision in the region is limited to four venues that devote 90% or more of their programme to specialised film: The Ultimate Picture Palace (Oxford), Duke of York's Picturehouse (Brighton), Corn Exchange (Newbury) and Chichester Cinema at New Park. In addition, 14 other full time exhibitors offer varying levels of specialised programming, only one of which, Kino Hawkhurst, is based in a village location (Table 96): 14 One reason for Southampton Film Theatre’s demise as a Regional Film Theatre was the fact it operated on a part- and not full time basis.

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Table 96: Full time exhibitors offering specialised programming Exhibitor

‘Upper tier’ local government area

Location

% of programme devoted to specialised film

Chichester Cinema at New Park

West Sussex Town/ city centre

90%+

Corn Exchange Newbury West Berkshire

Town/ city centre

90%+

Duke of York's Picturehouse Brighton & Hove

Town/ city centre

90%+

The Ultimate Picture Palace Oxfordshire Town/ city centre

90%+

Dukes At Komedia Picturehouse

Brighton & Hove

Town/ city centre

67-89%

Gulbenkian Kent Town/ city centre

67-89%

Harlequin Theatre & Cinema

Surrey Town/ city centre

67-89%

The Phoenix Picturehouse Oxfordshire Town/ city centre

67-89%

Electric Palace Cinema East Sussex Town/ city centre

34-66%

Harbour Lights Picturehouse Southampton Town/ city centre

34-66%

Kino Hawkhurst Kent Village 34-66% Regal Picturehouse, Henley Oxfordshire Town/ city

centre 34-66%

South Hill Park Arts Centre Bracknell Forest

Town/ city centre

34-66%

Connaught & Ritz Theatre West Sussex Town/ city centre

11-33%

Everyman Oxted Surrey Town/ city centre

11-33%

Everyman Reigate Surrey Town/ city centre

11-33%

Everyman Walton Surrey Town/ city centre

11-33%

Everyman Winchester Hampshire Town/ city centre

11-33%

Source: Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Seven ‘upper tier’ local government areas have no full time specialised film provision to speak of (Isle of Wight, Medway UA, Portsmouth UA, Reading UA, Slough UA, Windsor & Maidenhead UA and Wokingham UA) (see Table 97),

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although they do, to varying degrees, have part time and occasional exhibitors that fill this gap (Table 98). Table 97: ‘Upper tier’ local government areas ranked by number of full time specialised film exhibitors ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Number of specialised film exhibitors (figure in brackets = number devoting 90% or more of programme to specialised film)

Surrey 4 (-) Oxfordshire 3 (1) Brighton & Hove UA 2 (1) Kent 2 (-) West Sussex 2 (1) Bracknell Forest UA 1 (-) East Sussex 1 (-) Hampshire 1 (-) Southampton UA 1 (-) West Berkshire UA 1 (1) Isle of Wight - Medway UA - Portsmouth UA - Reading UA - Slough UA - Windsor & Maidenhead UA - Wokingham UA - Source: Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation

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Table 98: ‘Upper tier’ local government areas ranked by number of part time specialised film exhibitors ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Number of specialised film exhibitors (figure in brackets = number devoting 90% or more of programme to specialised film)

Hampshire 39 (5) Kent 19 (10) East Sussex 18 (10) Surrey 17 (5) Oxfordshire 14 (5) West Sussex 13 (3) Brighton & Hove UA 12 (12) Isle of Wight 7 (3) Portsmouth UA 5 (3) Southampton UA 5 (2) Medway UA 4 (4) West Berkshire UA 4 (1) Reading UA 2 (1) Slough UA 2 (1) Windsor & Maidenhead UA 2 (-) Bracknell Forest UA 1 (1) Wokingham UA 1 (1) Source: Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation One obvious way to increase the breadth of programming available in the South East is to encourage and support exhibitors to devote a greater share of their programme to specialised film. Rather than take a general, blanket approach to this, a more strategic intervention would involve tailoring funded activity, including Film Hub South East Screening Days and Audience Development Programme Awards, to different categories of exhibitor based on their current level of specialised programming. Table 99 positions exhibitors on a spectrum according to their specialised programme share. At one end, ‘Mainstream’ exhibitors programme the lowest proportion of specialised titles, while ‘Specialised tier 1’ exhibitors programme the highest proportion. There is no realistic prospect of a Mainstream exhibitor ever becoming a Specialised tier 1 exhibitor, but given the right inducement and support they might be encouraged to move into the Mainstream+ category with just a modest increase in specialised programming. This logic of incremental development underpins the outcomes listed in Table 99, providing realistic and attainable goals for expanding specialised exhibition, while Table 100 displays the number of exhibitors in each ‘upper

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tier’ local government area along the specialised programming spectrum as the basis for planning and monitoring such an approach. Table 99: Developing specialised film exhibition Share of programme devoted to specialised film

Exhibitor category

Intervention and outcome

10% or less Mainstream Encourage and support to increase specialised programming, move to mainstream +

11% to 33% Mainstream + Encourage and support to increase specialised programming, move to specialised tier 3

34% to 66% Specialised tier 3

Encourage and support to increase specialised programming, move to specialised tier 2

67% to 89% Specialised tier 2

Encourage and support to increase specialised programming, move to specialised tier 1

90%+ Specialised tier 1

Ongoing support for specialised film provision

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Table 100: Number of exhibitors in each ‘upper tier’ local government area, by specialised programme category ‘Upper tier’ local government area

Mainstream 10% or lower

Mainstream+ 11% to 33%

Specialised tier 3 34% to 66%

Specialised tier 2 67% to 89%

Specialised tier 1 90%+

Bracknell Forest 1 - 1 - 1 Brighton & Hove 4 - 1 - 13 East Sussex 7 2 4 3 10 Hampshire 9 21 4 10 5 Isle of Wight 2 - - 4 3 Kent 17 3 4 4 10 Medway 2 - - - 4 Oxfordshire 9 3 4 4 6 Portsmouth 2 - 1 1 3 Reading 1 - - 1 1 Slough 1 - - 1 1 Southampton 2 2 1 1 2 Surrey 7 10 3 3 5 West Berkshire 2 1 1 1 2 West Sussex 14 4 1 6 4 Windsor &Maidenhead

2 1 1 - -

Wokingham 1 - - - 1 South East totals 83 47 26 39 71


3.3 Depth: special events and education activity The desk research and consultation succeeded in generating definitive information about special events and education activity undertaken by 109 film exhibitors in 2013 (36% of the total). This relatively low data coverage makes it difficult to draw any firm conclusions about the extent of such activity across the South East. Nonetheless, Table 101 presents the findings for each type of exhibitor, revealing some interesting patterns (commercial cinemas are excluded from this analysis as information exists for only one of these in the Database).

• Of 11 film festivals for which information exists, nearly three quarters (73%) provide special events and education activity alongside screenings (including Q&As, workshops, talks and seminars etc.);

• Half of all ‘Other’ exhibitors do likewise: all three exhibitors that do so are based in Brighton & Hove (Legacy Film, Bom-Bane’s and videoclub);

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• One third of film societies/ community cinemas for which information exists host special events, and the same is true of one in three mixed use venues.

• Mobile/touring network promoters are least likely to offer special events and educational activity: only 9% of those for which information exists did so in 2013.

Table 101: Special events and education activity Did you host any special events or education activity in 2013?

Yes

%

No

%

Total

%

Film festival 8 73% 3 27% 11 100% Other* 3 50% 3 50% 6 100% Film society/ Community cinema

16 33% 32 67% 48 100%

Mixed use venue 6 30% 14 70% 20 100% Mobile or touring network 2 9% 21 21% 23 100% Sources: BFI/Dodona Research, BFFS, ICO, Film Hub South East, ACE, Big Lottery Fund, Bigger Picture Research, Cinema Nation Though the results are far from conclusive, given gaps in the available information, it is safe to assume that development opportunities for increasing the number and range of ‘value added’ special events and educational activity are most likely to find favour with, and be delivered by, film festivals, film societies/ community cinemas and mixed use venues (‘Other’ exhibitors are too varied in nature to make any such assumption). 3.4 Conceptual framework for benchmarks The preceding section sets out ideas for developing film exhibition in the South East in an effort to improve the reach, breadth and depth of provision. Though far from exhaustive, these proposals derive from the picture of strengths and weakness that emerges from analysis of the South East Film Exhibitor Database. As such they are a starting point, for further consideration by Film Hub South East and their partners. The Database serves another purpose linked to Film Hub South East’s mission, by providing a snapshot of activity that can act as a baseline against which to plan and judge the performance of publicly-funded interventions. Many confounding factors influence the development of film exhibition in a region the size and complexity of the South East, in addition to the level and specification of public funding. Yet the map of film exhibition activity built up from Database records provides valuable contextual information for strategic planning and monitoring purposes. The Database also has a role to play in the mix of measures required for reporting against FAN’s evaluation framework. This is under development at

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the time of writing, and has yet to be formally adopted, but the BFI has issued draft outcomes and measures, as shown in Table 102. The Table proposes a series of metrics that address the outcomes and measures expected to form the basis of the FAN evaluation framework. In several cases these go beyond what can be achieved by the present research, and additional forms of data collection are suggested: Table 102: Suggested evaluation metrics

REACH To increase audience numbers and reach, including greater engagement with under-served and hard to reach audiences in order to increase and broaden UK audiences for specialised and independent British film

Outcomes Expanded audience reach including greater engagement with under-served and hard to reach audiences Measures Film Hub South East metrics • Admissions for specialised

and independent British film

• Admissions data for FHSE members (establish baseline on joining)

• The diversity of audiences • Audience research data for FHSE members (baseline survey work will be required)

• The locations of provision • South East Film Exhibitor Database provides baseline of locations at different levels including town/city/village; ‘upper tier’ & ‘lower tier’ local government areas etc.

BREADTH

To considerably extend film choice for audiences across the UK Outcomes

Increased diversity of film content and settings in which to experience film Measures Film Hub South East metrics • Number and range of

films screened • FHSE member programming records (establish

baseline on joining) • South East Film Exhibitor Database provides

baseline for % specialised programming across different venues

• Number of settings • South East Film Exhibitor Database provides baseline of provision in different settings

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DEPTH To enhance understanding of film culture

Outcomes More opportunities to learn about and engage with film culture Measures Film Hub South East metrics • The number and range of

events, talks, introductions, contextual materials and workshops provided

• FHSE members to supply information about enhanced activity (establish baseline on joining)

• South East Film Exhibitor Database provides baseline for % exhibitors offering special events (further work needed for commercial cinemas)

• The quality of experience and engagement offered to audiences

• Customer satisfaction survey evidence for FHSE members

Appendix 1: Exhibitors no longer active Ashcroft Arts Centre No longer active as film exhibitor Brighton Cinematheque Ceased in 2005 Canterbury Anifest No festival in 2014 End of the Pier Film Festival No longer active Epsom Playhouse No longer active Gardner Arts Centre Expected to reopen in 2014 Guildford Picture Palace Ceased in 2012 Henley International Film Festival No festival since 2010 John Hansard Gallery Southampton No screenings in last 10+ years Kent College Film Festival No festival since 2012 Kirtlington Film Club Ceased in 2012 Little Empire Film Club Ceased in 2009 New Century Cinema Ceased in 2009 Quadrangle Film Festival No longer active Ryde Film Society No longer active Screen (Canterbury) No longer active SEE Brighton Documentary Film Festival No longer active Slinfold Village Hall Ceased in 2012 Theatre Royal Windsor No longer screens films TW Popup Cinema Searching for suitable venue

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FILM EXHIBITION IN THE SOuTH EaST - WordPress.com · For example, analysis of the BFI’s unpublished UK cinema list (derived from data supplied by Dodona Research) reveals that the