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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A Petrol Station, Filling Station, Gas Station, Fueling Station, or
Service Station is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for
motor vehicles, the most common fuel sold is petrol and
kerosene. According to Keble (1968), Petrol stations should be
located not only where they are in fact accessible but where
they can be easily located by strangers and that, in details,
they should be placed where they will little danger and
congestion as, much possible.
According to the central place theory (Christallers, 1966),
Service point could be distributed rationally according to the
size, spacing or distance and population to be served. This
means that, demand for products sold at filling stations would
be satisfied by a system of service points at the central places.
Consequently, the tangible expression in the landscape of any
urban activities should be distributed on of service points at
which a variety of demands are satisfied. Losch (1954) has
argued, however, that it is possible to have unequal distribution
of service centre’s (i.e. central places) around the metropolis
producing city rich and city poor sector. An urban planner faces
challenges of location of facilities and services that as a result
exposed our urban populace to some dangers. Kaduna is one
the town that experiences these problems that arises as a
result of un-coordinated development. The higher
concentration of petrol filling stations in Kaduna town most
especially in the city centre has resulted in problem in like
traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. Areas worst hit
are Ahmadu Bello way and Ali Akilu way where there are higher
concentration of traffic generating land uses which includes
filling stations that are located very close to each other, with
inadequate set-back of space while others were sited on
roundabouts.
Therefore the need for a study on the spatial analysis of the
distribution and location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local
Government using GIS techniques becomes imperative, even
though different approaches had been carried out in other to
have a convenient and aesthetic environment for working and
living.
1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
More than half of fast growing world population is living in
urban areas, and this is only expected to grow in more coming
decades (USAID, 2001). Most of the urban centers in the world
are exposed to some hazards, such as traffic congestion,
pollution and many more problems resulting from un-
coordinated development. Apart from these hazards, cities are
also confronted with other problems like accidents, explosion
and fire. Urban centers have a varying degree of vulnerability,
depending on the level of development, copping capacity and
the level to which effective development control strategies
have been implemented. In most urban areas, the high demand
placed on land resulted to illegal conversion, leading to
haphazard development and the deliberate location of petrol
stations in unsuitable areas and highly vulnerable to hazard
(KASUPDA, 2009).
Kaduna develop without a proper development planning and
suffers problems like traffic congestion, air pollution, explosion
and fire, encroachment on right of way of the road network, as
a result of non-adherence to planning Laws.
In a highly urbanized environment like Kaduna, Filling station is
a significant contributor to traffic problems like traffic problems
like traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. The extent
of these problems depends on the criteria or variable such as
location, size and set back from road e.t.c.
Areas close to filling stations witness a lot of noise, congestion
and other traffic related problems, especially when there is fuel
scarcity which resulted in long queuing or where the fillings
does not conform with planning standards.
Indiscriminate parking leads to reduction in width of
carriageway meant for the efficient movement of automobiles
and pedestrians. Thus it becomes a major problem in our cities
and especially in the Central Business District, where multi-
storey buildings are common and the land use is devoted
mostly to commercial purpose.
The resultant effect of such illegal parking and queuing
therefore is traffic congestion, lost of productive hours and
delay journey.
Most of these problems identified problems of filling stations
still persist in Kaduna due to lack of adherence to planning
regulations.
This work, therefore addresses the problem confronting urban
environment in its bids to ensure sustainable location of filling
stations. This study explored GIS capability to analysis the
spatial location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local
Government Area Kaduna State and proffer ways of ensuring
strict compliance to planning laws and regulations with regards
to petroleum filling stations location. To achieve a desired goal,
this work identifies area of high concentration of filling stations
in Kaduna North Local Government Area.
Even though some studies had been carried out ,in relation to
this, prominent among them are : Assessing the environmental
sensitivity of petrol station in Europe,(Davies 2008),optimal
location of petrol pumps (Ayuba, 1998),Side potentiality of
petrol station based on traffic counts,(Abdulwahhab 2006),
Locational pattern of petrol stations in Kaduna (Ikuadabo
1998),Location and distribution of petrol stations in Kaduna
(Adamu, 2000) and Application of GIS in locating facilities and
services (A case study of petrol stations in NCBD Kenya),
(Nyanya 2010).
The studies mentioned above are robust; however there are
avenues for further research. Not much had been done for
developing nations and moreover the parameters used such as
site, geographical location, optimal location e.t.c. used in
studying petrol stations are still inadequate. In any case filling
stations can not be entirely study using only these
criteria’s .they empherical literature had proved that the later
class of variables has explanatory powers but the analysis was
not taken forward in terms of the inclusion of the use of GIS for
studying the spatial location and distribution of petrol stations.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
The aim of study is to analyze the spatial distribution of petrol
filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area Kaduna
state. To achieve the aim the following objectives will be
studied:
1 To identify and locate petrol filling station is Kaduna North
LGA.
2 To determine the conformity of distribution of petrol filling
station with the physical planning standards.
3 To examine the implication of the spatial distribution of
petrol filling station is Kaduna North Local Government
Area.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMINTATION
The scope of this is to analyze the spatial distribution of filling
stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna state.
Difficulties in obtaining information from agencies and parastals
as well as finances and time were the major limitation
encountered by the researcher.
1.4 STUDY AREA
Kaduna is located on 100 3 23 North of the equator and 70 20 25
East of the Greenwich meridian, Kaduna is the administrative
headquarters’ of old Northern Nigeria and Kaduna state capital.
(Wikipedia, 2010).
Figure 1: MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING KADUNA STATE
Figure 2: MAP OF KADUNA SHOWING KADUNA NORTH
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
Spatial analysis of the location and distribution of petrol
stations will prevent and prevail a qualitative urban
environment for living, working and recreation. The problem of
indiscriminate location of petrol stations is taking place at
alarming rate in almost all Nigerian cities and Kaduna
metropolis inclusive.
Therefore, the study is relevant to Kaduna North Local
Government as a frame work for the state government, and
stakeholders. It will serve as a guide for individuals, developers
and other stakeholders.
Finally to the Researchers it will also serve a base for further
research work and reference material for researchers who
intend to carry out similar research in the future.
CHAPTER TWO
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter tends to review some related literature and also
link with the present situation.
2.1 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LETERATURE
There has been a growing literature both empherical as well as
theoretical to analyses the location of petrol and establish the
factors of location of filling stations on our towns and cities.
Important studies include:
2.2.1 Assessing the environmental sensitivity of petrol stations
in Europe, Davies, 2008.
Davies access location in Europe with emphasis on
environmental sensitivity. In his work he focuses on the scale of
potential risk of these stations on the environment and human
resources.
2.2.3 Optimal location of petrol pumps (integrating GIS with
mathematical model) (Ayub, 1998).
This study was conducted for Saudi Arabia by which focuses on
the optimal location of petrol pumps by integrating GIS and
mathematical models.
2.2.4 Site potentiality base on traffic counts (Abdulwahab,
2006).
He analyses site potentiality of petrol stations based on traffic
volume and other factors that affects location of filling stations
as well as effect of location of filling stations as well as effects
of petro fillings on the environment and human beings.
2.3.5 Geographical location of petrol stations in Nigeria,(Lawal,
2006).
He studied the Geographical location of service station in
relation to other services as well as their spatial locations,
factors to be considered before sitting a petrol station as well
as effect of such stations to environment.
2.2.6 Locational pattern of petrol stations in Kaduna, (Ikuadabo,
1998).
Ikuadabo based his work on locational pattern fuel service
station in Kaduna, he studied how they are spatially distributed.
2.2.7 Location and Distribution of petrol stations in Kaduna
(Adamu, 2000)
Attempted to identify the cause and dimension of problems
that arise as a result of locating a filling station in Kaduna and
also its effects on settlements around.
2.2.8 Application of GIS in locating facilities and services (A
case study of petrol stations NCBD, Kenya), Nyanya, 2010.
This study employs the use of GIS technology in locating of
facilities and services with special emphases on filling stations.
He uses GIS technology to study all filling stations in their
spatial context.
Studies mentioned above are robust; however, there are
avenues for further research. Not much work had been carried
out for developing countries. More over approaches employed
by previous researcher in studying his is no enough. In any
case, the spatial analysis of the location and distribution of
petrol stations using GIS will go further toin studying these
filling stations in their spatial context with a view to addressing
the problems that may arises as a result.
2.2 CONCEPTS
2.1.1 PETROL STATION
A petrol station is a retail establishment where motor vehicle
are refueled, lubricated, serviced, and sometimes repaired
(Friedman, 1978). Most petrol stations sell petrol or diesel,
some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane
while the rest add shops to their primary business, And
convenience stores (The American Heritage Dictionary,
2004).Meanwhile. Petrol retailer or entrepreneur is any person
who carries on a business which sells petrol retailer or
entrepreneur is any person who carried on motor vehicles
(Sedgwick, 1969).
2.1.2OTHER GUIDE LINES FOR LOCATION FOR PETROL
FILLING STATIONS.
A petrol station shall not be located less than 330 feet (100.6
meters) from a road intersection, traffic network, level crossing
and other vehicular points to avoid traffic congestion.
a. Filling stations should not be located less than 100.6 meters
from school, hospital, theaters, clinic and other public and
semi-public buildings. This is to avoid fire disaster in the
public places.
b. To filling bay should have enough setbacks from the centre
of the abutting roads?
c. The use of filling stations as motor garage, loading and off
loading points, repair workshop or put to other unauthorized
used, should be discouraged on strictly enforced.
d. Filling stations should not be allowed in residential stress,
dead-end streets and loop streets (crescent), to safe guard
fire hydrant, bucket with send, fire extinguisher, wash hand
basin, water closet, grease trap and first aid box.
2.1.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Geographic Information system (GIS) can be looked upon as a
computer software hardware, data and personnel to help
manipulate, analyze, and present information, that is tied to a
spatial or geographic location (shayya, 2004) this is a very
general definition, and to expand it, (GIS is defined as a
computer system which stores for each feature (Bail &
Klosterman, 2001). It is a tool that allows for the processing of
spatial data into information and sis used to make decisions
about some portion of the earth (Demers, 2000 shayya, 2004).
2.1.4 GUIDELINES FOR LOCATION OF PETROL FILLING
STATIONS
1 Site layout The major consideration governing site layout
relate to matters of traffic flow and safety. The
final solution is nearly uneasily compromise
between commercial viability and satisfactory
planning.
2 Location Economically, an ideal location is at the point of
intersection of major traffic routes. The prime
position however, must be at a spot where the
flow is comparatively slow in order to attract the
attention of the customers an motorist from
planning point of view, a petrol station should
not be cited opposite a break in a centre which
is likely to encourage the traffic to cross the
road or should it be close to a junction on
roundabout, it could be advantageous to place it
where traffic flows, provided it does not
interface with turning and leaving traffic.
3 Entrance and
exit
The entrance and exit should both give clear line
of vision, a one way system of service is
preferable, a clear line is of great advantage and
plenty of space should be allowed for queuing
during peak periods.
4 Auxiliary
activities
Apart from traffic consideration; area care might
have to be exercised over auxiliary activities
such as car repair and sales of goods. These can
often cause additional congestion in the
particular area.
5 Design and
appearance
The design and appearance of a filing station is
important, not only in it structure and layout but
also in display of advertisements which with this
type of development can reach
Absurd and usually disastrous proportion with
the above statements, planners should study
critically the location petrol stations before
given their consent so as to be sure that the
petrol station is of good location in relation to
abutting road, and the economical point of view
should be considered as well.
Source: Adamu S. (1994)
2.1.5 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL FOR FILLING
STATIONS
Vehicles leaving or entering petrol filling station, not only
reduce the effective capacity of the roadway, they also are
likely to cause accidents. The minimum distance between two
(2) installations should be 90 meters it is desirable to space
filling stations at 400 meters apart. The table below gives the
minimum requirements concerning the design of cellars
roadway and the location of installation.
2.1.6 PETROL FILLING STATION MINIMUN DISTANCE.
a. Distance from intersection 500m
b. Distance apart 400m
c. Drive way width entry exit 9m
d. Frontage width 50m
e. Drive way width (entry or exit only) 3m
f. Radius of kerb 12m
g. Setback of pump from pavement edge 5m
2.1.7 PROCEDURE AND CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION
OF PETROL FILLING STATION.
a. Application for approval to construct a filling station for
retailing petroleum products to the public shall be submitted
to the head of petroleum inspectorate, giving details of the
proposals and any information that may be relevant for the
project. In addition, the following document must a company
the application.
b. Three copies of a plan showing the building existing
proposed on the site and the relation of the site, the roadway
and adjoining land use.
c. A certificate signed by the chief federal/state fire officer or
by an officer authorized by him in his behalf, that he is
satisfied that the arrangement proposed for the prevention
of fire are satisfactory.
d. A letter a approved form the town planning authority of the
area for the construction of a petrol station on the proposed
site.
e. A certificate signed by a state police commissioner or a
supervisor police in charge of police motor traffic division
that he is satisfied that the site and layout of the proposed
filling station do not constitute an unnecessary traffic hazard.
f. Evidence that the company applying is duly registered by the
federal ministry of commerce to deal in petroleum products.
g. Tax receipt or clearance certificate for the proceeding those
years. After the above listed document has been submitted
inspection of the site will then be arranged.
h. Approval will be granted by the inspectorate. If the proposed
site fulfils the necessary conditions stipulated in the
regulations.
2.1.8 STANDARD FOR SITTING PETROL FILLING STATIONS.
1 Sitting of petrol
station
a. Residential areas
b. Commercial/
industrial areas
- A petrol filling station should be sited
for every 5000 people.
- A petrol filling station should be sited
200 meters away from the next petrol
station.
2 Distance between
filling stations
- Distance of filling station from another
should be within the range of 400 and
above meters within the buildup
areas.
- NB: These distance are applicable to
single a carriage way.
- A petrol station can be on either sides
of carriage way.
3 Distance from
centre of the Road.
- The minimum distance from center of
the road to the dispensing pump on
single carriage way should be 20
meters.
- The minimum distance from center of
the dispensing pump on dual carriage
way should be 50 meters.
- Petrol should not be sited on areas
prone to erosion or flooding.
- A petrol station should not be sited
near endangered plant and animal
species.
- A petrol station should be sited 50
meters away in all angles of the build-
up areas to create a buffer zone for
the residential houses.
- The buffer zone can be devoted to any
non-residential use.
4 Set-back - The minimum of the plot within the
requirement buildup area should
(1000m2)
- Plot size beyond peripheral area
should be 60m x 80 (4800m2, 0.4
hectares 1.186 acres)
- NB: sitting a petrol station within the
build up area should be discouraged
as much as possible.
5 Land requirements - A petrol station provides at least two
(2) public conveniences when
submitting application further filling
for the grand of planning permission.
- Application for a petrol filling station
must have KEPA’s report, KASUPDA’s
planning report’ feasibility study
police and for service report.
- A petrol filling station should provide
detailed drawing to the fire fighting
measures to be installed which should
be in accordance with national fire
fighting code of Nigeria when
submitting plans for the grant of
planning permission.
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 METHODOLOGY
This chapter looks into different methods used for data collection. These
techniques apply for sourcing out data includes field observation, interview,
and relevant literatures.
Data in any research whether scientific or social science largely divided into
two types that is primary and secondary methods of data collection.
PRIMARY DATA
1. This is the first primary data; obtained through physical observations and
interviews. This was in order to identify and study the high
concentration of filling station in Kaduna town most especially in the city
centre.
2. The second primary data was obtained by using GPS receiver to record
the locations of filling station within the study area. Also surveyed,
where the location of important features that are not on existing map.
SECONDARY DATA
These are extracts and documented literature gotten from journals,
thesis, agencies, and information downloaded from the internet. The
map of Kaduna north was obtained from the Kaduna state ministry of
lands. The map was digitized into GIS environment. ArcMap was used for
proper distribution of filling station on the map.
3.2 FIELD OBSERVATION
This is a very important technique that is used in data collection, it involves
going to the field to observe, feel and move the object. This method affords
the researcher to see things on their natural stage and also help to consolidate
what was theoretically thought in class to the life situation. This method allows
firsthand information of the subject matter. In the course of this study, visits
were made to the filling station and question was answer from the owners and
managers of the filling stations.
3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION
Odedare [1991], define GIS as a ‘’ system for integration of spatially referenced
data for decision making in a problem solving environment. In other words, GIS
is a decision making tool that deals with decision that have to do with
utilization of space, how we organized things in space, the emphases is on
spatial data. Its strength is in the ability to bring in data from different sources,
integrate them in different ways in order to solve particular spatial problem’’.
This definition seems to be very elaborate by incorporating all the attribute of
GIS, and it was agreed by Jones [1997] who, defined GIS as ‘’computer system
capable of acquiring, storing, analyzing, retrieving, processing and displaying
geographic data’’. This definition successful spells out the functionalities of GIS.
Sowton [1990] also defined GIS as system that allows the capture and display
of a number of previously unconnected datasets, bringing them into a common
reference system for spatial analysis from which relationship can be identified
and decision made.
GIS technology has developed rapidly over the past 3 decades: it is now
accepted as an essential tool for the effective use of geographic information. It
has provided an exciting potential for geographic information to be used more
systematically and by greater diversity of discipline than ever before, [Aronoff,
1993]. This tool has become popular in establishing the real world model in a
defined space and time reference system. It integrates all natural, social and
economic phenomenons with their attributes of space and time, [Jones 1997].
GIS application involves the use of geographic information system in satisfying
a given need. However, application depends on how GIS is being used. In some
cases, it is used as an organizing framework for systematic collection, storage
and analysis of data. While in other, it is used as a means of taking appropriate
decision in which case, it becomes part of decision support system [DSS].
When these two are combined, GIS would be seen to possess a wide range of
applications [Adeniran, 1999]. Spatial problems require decisions to be made
over space. One of such decisions is on the spatial distribution of filling station.
The major concern of physical planning is the proper designation of suitable
areas for appropriate land uses. The selection of these sites must be based on
a set of criteria to ensure that the minimum cost benefit ratio for a commodity
is attained. The various characteristics of a site influence its suitability for a
specific land use, identification of sites that meet particular criteria is one of
the main spatial analytical applications of GIS. More so, it is one of the early
motivating factors in developing GIS technology with the need to perform
suitability analysis in which the objective is to find sites or regions that satisfy
particular criteria of land usage and terrain characteristics, [Jones 1997].
The ability to overlay several thematic layers of map using GIS is to identify
regions that combine selected attributes from each of the layer is one of the
analytical facilities provided by GIS packages. A suitability map is created by
combining maps with rated suitability factors whose importance is dependent
on the intended land use. Based on this importance, the suitability factor is
given additional weight to influence the final output. This analysis uses either
Boolean factor or weighted linear combination for its [Odedare, 1999].
Jones [1997], distinguished the two types of analyses by describing Boolean
operations as appropriate, if each factor or constraint under consideration is of
equal importance. In practice, certain factors may be much more important
than others, and it may be desirable to differentiate between candidate sites
according to how well they meet the various criteria. The relative levels of
importance of the different types of data can be taken into account by
attaching numeric weights to each of the layers in an overlay operation.
Regions that meet all the search criteria are then associated with weighted
summations of factors in each layer. The use of weighted constraints only goes
part of the way to taking into account the relative importance of the different
factors.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.1. SPATIAL LOCATION OF FILLING STATIONS IN KADUNA
From the data survey carried out Kaduna has 23 petrol stations most of which
located along the major road that passes though the centre of the town. The
table below shows the distribution of filling stations in Kaduna.
TABLE 4.1: FILLING STATIONS
S/N NAME
OF
STATION
LOCATION LONGITUDE LATITTUDE
1 Kwiwa Kawo 328113 1161663
2 Himma Kawo 328118 116156
3 Oando Kawo 327108 1169605
4 Lalan Kawo 327098 1169609
5 Oando Unguwar Sarki 327393 1169602
6 African
Petrol
Unguwar Shanu 327491 1169604
7 Mobil Lugard Round. 327598 1169605
8 Oando Abakpa 327599 1169606
9 NNPC Abakpa 327600 1170801
10 MRS Bank Road
Roundabout 327601 1170831
11 Conoil Warf Road
Roundabout 327660 1170852
12 African
Petrol
Magadishu
Motors 327662 1170853
13 Mobil Levantis
Roundabout 327663 1170855
14 Conoil Kasuwa 327664 1170866
15 Oando Kasuwa 327668 1170869
16 Edijen UTC 327779 1170888
17 Mobil Durbar Hotel 327789 1170889
18 Oando Stadium
Roundabout 327896 1170899
19 Conoil Stadium
Roundabout 329876 1170999
20 Oando Stadium
Roundabout 329977 1178100
21 Oando NAF 329979 1177820
22 Fuad Kawo 329983 1177784
23 Gajere U/Gwari 329989 1177789
Source: field survey, 2010
Figure 3: Map of Kaduna North showing the location of filling stations
4.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FILLING STATIONS IN KADUNA NORTH LOCAL
GOVERNEMENT AREA.
From the inventory carried out, it was revealed that the total of 22 filling
stations are in the study area and all of them are operating out these filling
station, 16 out of the 22 filling stations (69.5%) are not in conformity with the
conformity with the standard. They where access based on space occupied,
distance apart, setback and there location in relation to roundabout.
TABLE 4.2: SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PETROL FILLING STATION IN KADUNA.
S/N NAME OF
STATION
LOCATION SPACE
OCCUPIED
(M2)
DISTANCE
APART (M)
SETBACK
(M)
LOCATION
ON A ROUND
ABOUT
REMARK
1 Kwiwa Kawo 1070 254 51 No OK
2 Himma Kawo 1050 254 50 No OK
3 Oando Kawo 850 0 20 No Inadequate
space/minimum
space between
station not
observed
4 Lalan Kawo 1065 0 23 No Minimum space
between station
not observed
5 Oando Unguwar
Sarki
800 850 45 No Located on a
junction/ setback
and inadequate
space
6 African
Petrol
Unguwar
Shanu
1040 850 51 No OK
7 Mobil Lugard
Roundab -
out
1048 490 40 Yes Located on a
Roundabout/inade
quate set back
8 Total Abakpa 950 100 50 No Inadequate space
9 NNPC Abakpa 845 100 43 No Inadequate
space/setback
10 MRS Bank Road
Roundabo-
ut
1090 1050 59 No OK
11 Conoil Warf Road
Roundabo-
ut
900 150 51 Yes Inadequate
space/inadequate
space
12 African
Petrol
Mogadishu
Motors
1085 150 56 No OK
13 Mobil Levantis
Roundabo
ut
710 150 48 Yes Inadequate
space/setback
14 Conoil Kasuwa 870 0 41 No Inadequate
space/minimum
space between
station not
observed/setback
15 Oando Kasuwa 900 0 48 No Inadequate space/
minimum space
between station not
observed/ setback
16 Edijen UTC 950 150 50 No Inadequate space
17 Mobil Durbar
Hotel
1070 1150 50 No OK
18 Oando Stadium
Roundabo
ut
980 0 46 Yes Located on a
Roundabout/setba
ck
19 Conoil Stadium
Roundabo
ut
974 0 44 Yes Located on a
Roundabout/setba
ck
20 Oando Stadium
Roundabo
ut
900 65 49 Yes Located on a
Roundabout/setba
ck
21 MRS NAF 1050 1250 50 No OK
22 Fuad Kawo 950 60 15 No Inadequate
space/setback
23 Garaje U/Gwari 1005 401 51 No OK
Source: field survey, 2010
SPATIAL QUERY
Performing queries on a GIS database to retrieve data is an essential part
of most GIS projects. Queries offer a method of data retrieval and can be
performed on data that are part of GIS database or new data produced as a
result of data analyses.
For this project, each of the created layers of information was retrieved
one after the other, and was queried accordingly to be ready for further
analysis.
Figure 4: GIS Demonstration of attributes in layers
1. Window of layer showing owner and location of filling station
2. Window of layer showing the identity of a particular filling
station
3. Window showing filling station ID through query builder.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
From the analysis of the data collected of the characteristics of
filling station within Kaduna North Local Government Area, the
following inferences can be drawn:
Petrol station are located in the CBD constitutes traffic
problem as a result of their indiscriminate nature of
location.
Some of the filing stations are located either on a road
junction or on a roundabout.
Most of the petrol station does not have adequate
setback.
Some of the filling stations are located in an inadequate
space.
There is a high of conversion of other uses for petrol
stations.
5.2 CONCLUSION
Recognizing the fact that petrol stations are indispensible in
urban areas. The principles and standard must be adhere to. In
order to achieve the previously stated an aim of the study of
developers both in terms of land and location. This is to
encourage a high standard of services to the people. The
proposals and recommendations are made in order to cater for
the poor location and distribution of filling stations in Kaduna
North Local Government Area, also in order to achieve,
convenience, aesthetic and safety environment.
In conclusion, GIS is a veritable tool for vital decision making in
the management of location related issues, provided it is built
on a well-designed database. The database must also be
amenable to updating from time to time.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
From the analysis of the existing situation and inferences
drawn of the petrol stations within the study area have impact
on motorist urban dwellers as well as the entire urban as a
whole. Consequently, appropriate recommendations for
planning of petrol stations within the study area were made
thus.
1. The earmarking of areas to be devoted for petrol stations to
be located within neighborhoods sector and master plan.
This is to check the proliferations and haphazard location of
petrol station are included in various plans.
2. A minimum distance of 100m should be observed from one
petrol station to the other. This will reduce the of traffic
congestion and increase convenience.
3. A petrol station must be 1800m2 and above for area
coverage, which will give adequate space for services.
4. Location o petrol stations along those major roads should
discourage.
5. Relocation of petrol stations on the roundabout.
6. Planning authorities should ensure that all filling stations are
in conformity with the standards.
REFERENCES
Chapin, F.S (1972): Urban Land use Planning. Urban, Chicago, London:
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