Filling of Detonator

DETONATOR : TYPESDETONATOR : TYPES1.1. BASED ON FUNCTION TYPE :-BASED ON FUNCTION TYPE :-

A) PERCUSION TYPEA) PERCUSION TYPE

B) ELECTRICAL TYPEB) ELECTRICAL TYPE

2. BASED ON IGNITION TYPE2. BASED ON IGNITION TYPE

A) IGNEFEROUS TYPEA) IGNEFEROUS TYPE

B) DISRUPTIVE TYPEB) DISRUPTIVE TYPE

DETONATOR : COMPOSITIONS DETONATOR : COMPOSITIONS F1 COMPOSITION : F1 COMPOSITION : HG-FULMIN. 28+-1.5 HG-FULMIN. 28+-1.5

%,POTA. CHLORATE 41.0 +- 2.2% %,POTA. CHLORATE 41.0 +- 2.2% ANTIMONY SULPHIDE 31.0+- 1.7%ANTIMONY SULPHIDE 31.0+- 1.7%

G1 COMPO. :- 27+-1.5 , 32.0+-1.7, 41.0+-G1 COMPO. :- 27+-1.5 , 32.0+-1.7, 41.0+-2.2% RESPECTIVELY2.2% RESPECTIVELY

H1 COMPO. : 20.0+-1.1, 35.0+-1.0 & H1 COMPO. : 20.0+-1.1, 35.0+-1.0 & 45.0+-2.4 RESPECTIVELY.45.0+-2.4 RESPECTIVELY.

E1 19.0 +-1.0, 33.4+-1.8, 42.8+-2.2 RES. & E1 19.0 +-1.0, 33.4+-1.8, 42.8+-2.2 RES. & GP=2.4+-0.3, SULPHUR 2.4+-0.3%GP=2.4+-0.3, SULPHUR 2.4+-0.3%

COMPOSITIONS USEDCOMPOSITIONS USED ASA MIX. : LEAD AZIDE 65+-2, Lead ASA MIX. : LEAD AZIDE 65+-2, Lead

Styphnate 32.5+-2 Al Pd. 2.5+-2.4%Styphnate 32.5+-2 Al Pd. 2.5+-2.4% L-MIX : RD 1337 50.5+-2.5, RD 1651 L-MIX : RD 1337 50.5+-2.5, RD 1651

(LDNR) 2.4, Barium Nitrate 100/170 = (LDNR) 2.4, Barium Nitrate 100/170 = 45+-2.2, Tetrazine 5+-0.5 %45+-2.2, Tetrazine 5+-0.5 %

VH2 COMPO. BARIUM NITRATE 39.0+-3.0, VH2 COMPO. BARIUM NITRATE 39.0+-3.0, Comp. RD1303 38.5+-3.0, CACIUM Comp. RD1303 38.5+-3.0, CACIUM SILICIDE 75MM 11+-1.0, ANTIMONY SILICIDE 75MM 11+-1.0, ANTIMONY SULPHIDE 125/90 = 5+-0.6, LEAD SULPHIDE 125/90 = 5+-0.6, LEAD PEROXIDE 5+-0.6 , TETRAZINE2.5+-0.4%PEROXIDE 5+-0.6 , TETRAZINE2.5+-0.4%

Filling of detonatorFilling of detonator i) Assembly of empties in filling mould.i) Assembly of empties in filling mould. ii) Transfer of explosive composition 10-15 ii) Transfer of explosive composition 10-15

grams in a anti-static rubber bowl . grams in a anti-static rubber bowl . iii) Dosing the charge mass by automatic iii) Dosing the charge mass by automatic

dosing machine or by hand scooping. dosing machine or by hand scooping. Operator works from behind safety shield.Operator works from behind safety shield.

iv) Transfer the charge mass through iv) Transfer the charge mass through chute of ferrule.chute of ferrule.

Filling of detonatorFilling of detonator

v) Transfer of filled empties with v) Transfer of filled empties with mould under the pressing rammould under the pressing ram

vi) Operate the press (Pneumatic or vi) Operate the press (Pneumatic or hydraulic or by hand press)hydraulic or by hand press)

vii) Cleaning of free dust by suction vii) Cleaning of free dust by suction or by soft hair brush.or by soft hair brush.

viii) Dismantling of ferrule part.viii) Dismantling of ferrule part.


ix) Extraction of detonator from ix) Extraction of detonator from behind safety shield .behind safety shield . x) Cleaning filled detonator by x) Cleaning filled detonator by suction.suction. xi) Inspection by gauging diameter & xi) Inspection by gauging diameter & length of filling i.e. height of length of filling i.e. height of filling.filling. xii) Closing of detonator with LTF xii) Closing of detonator with LTF disc disc in Turn over machine from in Turn over machine from behind safety shield. behind safety shield.


xiii) Sealing the closed end with xiii) Sealing the closed end with ammunition protective composition ammunition protective composition (A.P.C.) which may be either shellac (A.P.C.) which may be either shellac based or N.C. base. based or N.C. base.

xiv) Packing and storage of passed xiv) Packing and storage of passed serviceable detonators in approved serviceable detonators in approved boxes.boxes.

SAFETY IN THE OPERATION OF SAFETY IN THE OPERATION OF DETONATORSDETONATORS

i) All the operations are carried out from i) All the operations are carried out from behind safety shield.behind safety shield.

ii) Static charge should be removed by ii) Static charge should be removed by providing static conducting work table providing static conducting work table top.top.

iii) Smaller quantity of explosive is handlediii) Smaller quantity of explosive is handledat a time.at a time.

iv) The composition is carried out iv) The composition is carried out manually using explosive carrying boxmanually using explosive carrying box


v) Carrying man should not run but v) Carrying man should not run but walk steadily.walk steadily.

vi) All the working machines and vi) All the working machines and table tops are connected with table tops are connected with earthing connection.earthing connection.

vii) All operations are to be carried vii) All operations are to be carried out as per authorized G. S. Ds.out as per authorized G. S. Ds.

viii) Scrapping or nipping of the viii) Scrapping or nipping of the composition is not permitted.composition is not permitted.


ix) In case of pressing punch getting ix) In case of pressing punch getting struck up in the mould, extreme struck up in the mould, extreme precaution is taken by bringing precaution is taken by bringing

the the mould, out of the working mould, out of the working

table. table. x) Special precautions to be x) Special precautions to be

taken / dangers are to be explained taken / dangers are to be explained by the supervision staff or by expert by the supervision staff or by expert work mass on the line of production.work mass on the line of production.

SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING MANUFACURE OF DETONATORMANUFACURE OF DETONATOR

a) Operative engaged must wear a) Operative engaged must wear protective clothing (Fire proof and which protective clothing (Fire proof and which

does not generate static charges).does not generate static charges). b) Operation must be carried out from b) Operation must be carried out from behind safety shield and composition behind safety shield and composition

to be kept into the before shield.to be kept into the before shield. c) Operative must use eye shield and c) Operative must use eye shield and

wear gloves that protects the palm and wear gloves that protects the palm and wrist. Detonators can only be handled wrist. Detonators can only be handled by means of a tweezers.by means of a tweezers.


d) During filling the amount of d) During filling the amount of composition present should be kept in composition present should be kept in “ANTI “ANTI STATIC RUBBER BOWL” and in STATIC RUBBER BOWL” and in

minimum quantity.minimum quantity. e) All movements are to be controlled e) All movements are to be controlled

from behind a steel shield.from behind a steel shield. f) Presses are covered with a steel guard f) Presses are covered with a steel guard

and that can contain the effect of an and that can contain the effect of an "UNINTENTIONAL EXPLOSION”"UNINTENTIONAL EXPLOSION”


g) Extraction , cleaning and g) Extraction , cleaning and varnishing varnishing operations are suitably operations are suitably guarded.guarded.

h) No. of detonators present at one h) No. of detonators present at one time is kept “LIMITED”time is kept “LIMITED”

i) For transport and packing, each i) For transport and packing, each detonator is packed in a hole in felt detonator is packed in a hole in felt

and are kept sandwiched and are kept sandwiched between between felt pieces.felt pieces.


j) All the operators are checked j) All the operators are checked Periodically Periodically for static charge for static charge accumulation by accumulation by “PERSONAL TESTER”“PERSONAL TESTER”

k) Relative humidity (RH) should be k) Relative humidity (RH) should be maintained in the room which is around maintained in the room which is around 55 % to 65 %.55 % to 65 %.

l) Operatives engaged in the work should l) Operatives engaged in the work should have a good eye sight and without have a good eye sight and without

any influence of liquor.any influence of liquor.


m) Shops must be kept scrupulously clean, m) Shops must be kept scrupulously clean, free from dust and all crevices and free from dust and all crevices and joints.joints.

n) Illumination in the working place should n) Illumination in the working place should be proper in range of 200 to 300 LUX.be proper in range of 200 to 300 LUX.

o) The supervisory staff must keep very o) The supervisory staff must keep very alert and they must contain a strict alert and they must contain a strict control of operators and proper handling control of operators and proper handling of explosives. of explosives.


p) Un-accepted filled detonators and p) Un-accepted filled detonators and explosive dust/sweepings are to be explosive dust/sweepings are to be kept kept under oil/ water for under oil/ water for desensitizing desensitizing and and proper functioning.proper functioning.

q) All operations are to be strictly carried q) All operations are to be strictly carried out as per authorized G. S. Ds.out as per authorized G. S. Ds.

r) Scrapping and nipping of the r) Scrapping and nipping of the composition composition is not permitted.is not permitted.

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING IS ESSENTIAL FOR SAFE HANDLING AS PROOF TESTING IS ESSENTIAL FOR SAFE HANDLING AS

WELL AS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING IN ROUNDWELL AS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING IN ROUND1.1. SENSITIVITY PROOF :- SAMPLE OF LOT IS TESTED BY SENSITIVITY PROOF :- SAMPLE OF LOT IS TESTED BY

DROPPING A ONE OUNCE STEEL BALL ON THE STRIKER DROPPING A ONE OUNCE STEEL BALL ON THE STRIKER RESTING ON THE DETONATOR. THE HEIGHT FROM RESTING ON THE DETONATOR. THE HEIGHT FROM WHICH THE BALL CAN BE DROPPED IS VARIED TILL IT WHICH THE BALL CAN BE DROPPED IS VARIED TILL IT GIVES 100% IGNITION AND T0% IGNITION. A RUN DOWN GIVES 100% IGNITION AND T0% IGNITION. A RUN DOWN SENSITIVITY TEST IS ONE THAT TEST DETONATORS AT SENSITIVITY TEST IS ONE THAT TEST DETONATORS AT REGULAR INTERVALS OF HEIGHT 1” OR HALF INCH REGULAR INTERVALS OF HEIGHT 1” OR HALF INCH INTERVALS BETWEEN THE 100% & 0% IGNITION POINTS. INTERVALS BETWEEN THE 100% & 0% IGNITION POINTS. THE 50% POINT CAN BE DETERMINED BY PLOTTING THE THE 50% POINT CAN BE DETERMINED BY PLOTTING THE PERCENTAGES OF MISFIRES AGAINST HEIGHT OF DROP PERCENTAGES OF MISFIRES AGAINST HEIGHT OF DROP ON APPLYING THE RESULT TO THE FORMULA H = h + m ON APPLYING THE RESULT TO THE FORMULA H = h + m (1/2 + f / t) (1/2 + f / t)

WHERE H=50% POINT , h = HT. WHEN ALL FIRED, m= WHERE H=50% POINT , h = HT. WHEN ALL FIRED, m= HT. INTERVAL BETWEEN TESTS , f TOTAL FAILURE HT. INTERVAL BETWEEN TESTS , f TOTAL FAILURE BETWEEN 0% & 100% (POINTS INCLUSIVE) AND t= BETWEEN 0% & 100% (POINTS INCLUSIVE) AND t= NUMBER TESTED AT EACH TEST HEIGHTNUMBER TESTED AT EACH TEST HEIGHT

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING DROP TEST : (INSENSITIVITY) : AS MOST OF DROP TEST : (INSENSITIVITY) : AS MOST OF

DETONATORS HAVE TO WITH STAND THE FORCES DETONATORS HAVE TO WITH STAND THE FORCES OF ACCELERATION WHEN A FUZE IS FIRED FROM OF ACCELERATION WHEN A FUZE IS FIRED FROM A GUN, IT FOLLOWS THAT THEY MUST BE TESTED A GUN, IT FOLLOWS THAT THEY MUST BE TESTED TO SEE IF THEY ARE SAFE TO BE SO TREATED. TO SEE IF THEY ARE SAFE TO BE SO TREATED.

IN THIS TEST, THE ACCELERATION FORCE OF SET IN THIS TEST, THE ACCELERATION FORCE OF SET BACK IS SIMULATED BY A DROP AND REBOUND BACK IS SIMULATED BY A DROP AND REBOUND TEST. THE DETONATORS EITHER SINGLY OR 10 AT TEST. THE DETONATORS EITHER SINGLY OR 10 AT A TIME ARE CLAMPED IN A PERFORATED PLATE A TIME ARE CLAMPED IN A PERFORATED PLATE BETWEEN A LEATHER DISC AND THE WEIGHT, A BETWEEN A LEATHER DISC AND THE WEIGHT, A COVER PLATE BEING FITTED. THEY MUST NOT COVER PLATE BEING FITTED. THEY MUST NOT FIRE WHEN THE WEIGHT IS DROPPED.FIRE WHEN THE WEIGHT IS DROPPED.

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING PRESSURE BAR TEST :-PRESSURE BAR TEST :- WHEN A DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR FIRES, A WHEN A DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR FIRES, A

SHOCK WAVE IS DIRECTED FROM THE BASE OF SHOCK WAVE IS DIRECTED FROM THE BASE OF THE DETONATOR & THIS WAVE INITIATED THE THE DETONATOR & THIS WAVE INITIATED THE EXPLOSIVE IN THE FUZE. TO DETERMINE THAT EXPLOSIVE IN THE FUZE. TO DETERMINE THAT THE DETONATORS ARE POWERFUL ENOUGH TO THE DETONATORS ARE POWERFUL ENOUGH TO DETONATE THE CHAIN OF EXPLOSIVE, A SAMPLE DETONATE THE CHAIN OF EXPLOSIVE, A SAMPLE IS TESTED BY A “PRESSURE BAR” AND THE IS TESTED BY A “PRESSURE BAR” AND THE POWER TO EACH DETONATOR CALCULATED. POWER TO EACH DETONATOR CALCULATED.

ON THE 0.4” BAR, A 1.8 GRAIN DETONATOR MUST ON THE 0.4” BAR, A 1.8 GRAIN DETONATOR MUST GIVE A MINIMUM PRESSURE OF 12 TONS/SQ.INCH GIVE A MINIMUM PRESSURE OF 12 TONS/SQ.INCH FOR MOST OF THE DISRUPTIVE DETONATORS, FOR MOST OF THE DISRUPTIVE DETONATORS, VARY BETWEEN 6.5 TO 11 TONS ACCORDING TO VARY BETWEEN 6.5 TO 11 TONS ACCORDING TO SIZE. SIZE.

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING FLASH TEST : IGNEFEROUS DETONATORS MUST FLASH TEST : IGNEFEROUS DETONATORS MUST

SEND A FLASH FORWARD ON TO ANOTHER SEND A FLASH FORWARD ON TO ANOTHER DETONATOR SLEEVE OR GUN POWDER. THEY ARE DETONATOR SLEEVE OR GUN POWDER. THEY ARE THEREFORE TESTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEREFORE TESTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE FLASH PRODUCED WILL IGNITE A G.P. AT A THE FLASH PRODUCED WILL IGNITE A G.P. AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE.SPECIFIED DISTANCE.

FLASH PICK UP TEST : THE 1.8 GR. AND 5.7 GR. FLASH PICK UP TEST : THE 1.8 GR. AND 5.7 GR. DETONATORS MUST BE CAPABLE OF BEING DETONATORS MUST BE CAPABLE OF BEING IGNITED FROM THE FLASH OF AN IGNEFEROUS IGNITED FROM THE FLASH OF AN IGNEFEROUS DETONATOR AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE. THE DETONATOR AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE. THE IGNEF. DETONATOR IS SITUATED BETWEEN 1 & IGNEF. DETONATOR IS SITUATED BETWEEN 1 & 3” AWAY FROM THE DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR IN 3” AWAY FROM THE DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR IN THIS TEST.THIS TEST.

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING JOGGLE TEST : TO DETERMINE WHETHER JOGGLE TEST : TO DETERMINE WHETHER

THIS LOT OF DETONATORS IS SAFE TO THIS LOT OF DETONATORS IS SAFE TO HANDLE THE JOGGLE USED FOR EXTERNAL HANDLE THE JOGGLE USED FOR EXTERNAL CLEANING IS USED TO GIVE VIOLENT CLEANING IS USED TO GIVE VIOLENT AGITATION TO THE DETONATORS BY AGITATION TO THE DETONATORS BY RUNNING IT AT 320 COMPLETE RUNNING IT AT 320 COMPLETE AMPLITUDES /MINUTESAMPLITUDES /MINUTES

THE DETONATORS 5 AT A TIME ARE THE DETONATORS 5 AT A TIME ARE AGITATED IN THE APPARATUS TOGETHER AGITATED IN THE APPARATUS TOGETHER WITH TWO STEEL BALLS (1/2” OR 5/16” WITH TWO STEEL BALLS (1/2” OR 5/16” DIA) FOR 15 MINUTES THE DETONATORS DIA) FOR 15 MINUTES THE DETONATORS MUST NOT FIRE OR OTHERWISE THE LOT MUST NOT FIRE OR OTHERWISE THE LOT WILL NOT BE TAKEN IN TO USE.WILL NOT BE TAKEN IN TO USE.

PROOF TESTINGPROOF TESTING IMPACT TEST : THIS IS DONE TO COMPARE THE IMPACT TEST : THIS IS DONE TO COMPARE THE

SENSITIVITY OF THE RUN OF PRODUCTION ON SENSITIVITY OF THE RUN OF PRODUCTION ON DETONATOR FILLING.DETONATOR FILLING.

A BLUNT STRIKER RESTING ON THE DETONATOR A BLUNT STRIKER RESTING ON THE DETONATOR IS STRUCK BY A FALLING WEIGHT. THE CRUSHING IS STRUCK BY A FALLING WEIGHT. THE CRUSHING OF THE DETONATOR MAY RESULT IN AN IGNITION OF THE DETONATOR MAY RESULT IN AN IGNITION USUALLY 20 DETONATORS OF A LOT ARE TESTED USUALLY 20 DETONATORS OF A LOT ARE TESTED AND THE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT ARE SUCH THAT AND THE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT ARE SUCH THAT ABOUT SIX DETONATORS SHOULD FIRE.ABOUT SIX DETONATORS SHOULD FIRE.

THIS TEST CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE THIS TEST CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BATCHES OF EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BATCHES OF COMPOSITION , THE METHODS OF CLOSURE OR COMPOSITION , THE METHODS OF CLOSURE OR ANY OTHER VARIABLES IN THE FILLING ANY OTHER VARIABLES IN THE FILLING TECHNIQUE.TECHNIQUE.

THANKS THANKS

FOR PATIENCE LISTENINGFOR PATIENCE LISTENING

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Filling of Detonator