Filippo BrunelleschiBy: Morgan Spanopoulos and Molly Sobieski

background

Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for his development of linear perspective and for engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering and even ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.

Work #1 :• The dome of the

Cathedral of Florence

Misc. Info

In 1418, a new cathedral, the Santa Maria del Fiore was erected, however, the dome was unfinished.

Architects at this time were uncertain on how to create it, since buttresses were forbidden by the city followers, and finding scaffolding of the size and quality were extremely difficult, if not impossible, to find.

In 1418, the wool merchant's guild held a contest to see which architect would create the dome, which consisted of who could balance an egg on a slab of marble, obviously, Mr. Brunelleschi won.

Medium

Marble and Brick

LOcation

Florence, Italy

Work #2

• The Crucifix

Misc. info

Brunelleschi's Crucifix is a wooden sculpture preserved in the Gondi Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, dated to about 1410-1415.

According to many, it was carved in response to the wooden crucifix by Donatello at Santa Croce church in Florence, after Brunelleschi was criticized of its exaggerated naturalism, people calling it a "peasant on the cross" instead of the "Body of Jesus Christ", who was the most perfect man who ever lived.

The work is characterized by a careful study of anatomy and proportions, the result of which keeps to the essential (inspired by classical art), enhancing the dignity and sublime harmony of the work.

medium

Wood and Stone

location

Gondi Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy

What was art like during the Italian Renaissance?

Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the Renaissance, emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and science.

Equestrian statue of Guattamelata

• The subject is Erasmo’s memorial

• The occasion is the renaissance

• The audience is the Narni family

• The purpose is to impress the Narnis in order to get paid

• This was made by a rich artist

• The speaker is Donatello

• Donatello made this piece of art in order to show Erasmo in a good light after his death. It shows that in the renaissance war leaders were often on horseback and that showed honor and glory or else Donatello would not have made the sculpture in this way. His goal was to get paid for honoring Erasmo by his family so he did his best to show him in a good light

bibliography

https://www.google.com/imghphttp://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/brunelle/index.htmlhttp://www.chiesasantamarianovella.it/en/artworks/crucifix-brunell

eschihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi

Art Analysis

By: Garner Offutt

#1 Donatello Statue of David

• The location of this statue today is in the Italian city of Florence • This work of Ren. Art was made around the 1440’s• The statue of David represent the biblical character David or you might

know him in the story of David and Goliath.• Subject – Bronze David \• Occasion – During the Renaissance 14th century to the 17th

• Audience – Patrons of the Arts, The public, Higher Powers • Purpose – to show the importance of the story of David and Goliath

and David's strength• PoV – Donatello’s work reflected the views of humanism prevelent at

the time. He created a sculpture of a young male David who slew Goliath. David had all the characteristics of what humansim focused on. ( beauty, Grace, strength, Power)

• Speaker – Donatello himself.

Facts

• The creation of the work is entirely undocumented, and it has been given a range of dating. According to one theory, it was commissioned by the Medici Family in the 1430s to be placed in the centre of the courtyard of the old Medici Palace. Alternatively it may have been for that position in the new Palazzo Medici Riccardi where it certainly was placed later, which would place the commission in the mid-1440s or even later.

• There are no indications of contemporary responses to the David, however the fact that the statue was not placed in the town hall of Florence in the 1490s indicates that it was viewed as controversial.

• The figure has been interpreted in a variety of ways. One has been to suggest that Donatello was homosexual and that he was expressing that sexual attitude through this

statue.

Masaccio

Zoe Fifer, Hannah BubnarP. 1

8-13-15

Masaccio(1401-1428)

-Masaccio was born December 21, 1401 in Castel San Giovanni, Italy. (Present day San Giovanni Valdarno, around Florence, Italy.)

-He died in 1428 in Rome, Italy.

-Born Tomasso di Giovanni di Simone Guddi, he was given the nickname Masaccio.

-He was the first known great painter during the Italian Renaissance.

-During his lifetime, he was known as Tomasso Cassai.

-He died at a very young age, and some believe he was poisoned.

-It was believed he cared very litte about hygiene or looks.

-He may have been influenced by sculptor Donatello, and it is said he influenced Michelangelo.

The Tribute MoneyAnalysis: In the picture, you see many men in brightly colored robes. But, there are two men whose robes are different than the rest. They’re robes are shorter. They both seem to be trying to take something from the other men. Since this piece is titled The Tribute Money, we can assume they are wanting tribute (tax) from the men. In the middle Jesus is depicted. The tax collector in orange is asking Jesus for tax. Jesus

seems to be directing the man to the direct left of his somewhere. The tax collectors robes are of bright colors, so we can assume they are people of high authority. They may have been church officials. This artwork was created in 1425. This time period was in the heart of what is known today as the Italian Renaissance. This was most likely painted for the public, patrons who would want to buy the piece, church official, and members of the church, since it depicts a religious scene. The artist of the work, Masaccio, seemed to be a member of the church, as every one of his paintings demonstrated a religious scene or moment.

Medium: Fresco

The Tribute Money, 1425Tomasso Cassai (Massacio)

FACTS ABOUT THE TRIBUTE MONEY• In this artwork, he displayed excellent use of light, color, and special

context. • This was created in 1425, right before Madonna and Child.• It is currently located in the Brancacci Chapel of the basilica of Santa

Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy.• It is known as Masaccio’s best piece of art.• In years after the creation of The Tribute Money, it actually went

through damage. It had to be restored relatively recently, in the 1980’s.• Masaccio often used aerial perspective in his work, especially in The

Tribute Money.• Masaccio actually never completed it, it was later finished by

Filipinno Lippi. (1457-1504)

Madonna and ChildAnalysis: In this artwork, it appears to be Mary, as Madonna, and Jesus, as Child, along with four angels, two of whom appear to be playing music. Jesus is eating grapes from the hand of Mary. Wine is made out of grapes, and to the Christian Church, wine is Jesus’s blood. So, because of this, we can assume the grapes stand for wine, which stands for Jesus’s blood. This depicts a deeper religious symbol than it appears to a first glance. This was also painted during Italian Renaissance. The church members, patrons, and the public were likely to be looking and admiring this piece of work. This was another work created by Masaccio in 1426.

Medium: Egg Tempra

Madonna and Child, 1426.Tommaso Cassai (Massacio)

Facts about Madonna and Child• This piece of artwork demonstrates a use of single-pount linear

perspective.• It was made by Masaccio just two years before his death, in 1426.• Today, this piece is located in the Church of our Lady in Bruges,

Belgium.• Despite this being made shortly before his untimely death, it was

actually one of the first of his great paintings.

Sandro BotticelliJarrett agnew, Noah Cook, & Tux tuxworth

Botticelli

• Born in Florence, Italy 1445• Follower of Savonarola • Often commissioned by Medici’s• Never married; hated the idea of it• Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel

The Birth Of Venus

• Being pushed to shore by Zephyr • Portrays perfection

• Perfect white skin tone• Blowing hair• Calm expression

• Nudity represents sex appeal

Birth Of Venus

• Commissioned by Lorenzo de’ Medici

• One of first large scale canvas paintings in Renaissance Florence

• Pose relates to that of the sculpture of Venus de’ Medici

• On display at Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Primavera

• Large orange grove • Far left is Mercury spreading

clouds to bring Spring• Venus is center• Cupid is hovering above

everyone • Chloris and Zephyr on right• Painting represents marriage

Primavera

• Commissioned by Medici’s

• Title means “Spring”

• Often associated with Neoplatonic thought

• Held today in Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Leonardo da Vinci• He was born April 15,

1452-May 2,1519• He was an

apprentice for the artist Verrocchio.

• At 20 he was a master artist in the Guild of Saint Duke and established his own workshop

• He taught himself how to learn because he was unschooled.

• He was also an inventor, scientist, mathematician, engineer, writer, and musician

• His made plans for musical instruments, war machines, calculators, and boats

• Many of his machine plans have since been built and tested, to varying levels of success.

• He wrote in the opposite direction to what is normal.

The Mona Lisa

The Mona Lisa was painted in 1503 by Leonardo, himself.

The Mona Lisa

• The piece of art is located in Louvre Museum in Paris, France.• The Mona Lisa is formally know as La Gioconda.• The Mona Lisa was portrait of Lisa del Gioconda.• The painting was done with oil and wood.• He started the painting when he was 51.• He became an expert on anatomy of the human body.

The Baptism of Christ

The Baptism of Christ was finished in 1475 painted with his master, Andrea de Verrocchio.

The Baptism of Christ

• This piece of art is located in Uffizi Gallery in Florence.• Leonardo painted the background with a blind angel and parts of the

landscape.• The painting was painted with oil and wood.• He was 23, when he painted the picture of the Baptism of Christ.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

By: Hannah Hagedorn, Madelyn Lopp, and Samantha Robinson

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Lived (1475-1564)

Works: The sculpture of David, The Battle of Cascina, The Crucifixion of St. Peter, Doni Tondo, and The entombment

He was one of the original and most famous people in renaissance art.

Lived: Florence, Italy

The Last Judgment

Analysis: This painting is showing when Christ returns and he preforms “The Last Judgment” to decide whether the person has been good or bad during their life. During this time the Renaissance is in full swing and the government is changing hands. The audience is anyone who went to the chapel to worship. Michelangelo saw this as how people would act when Christ returns. Michelangelo had already painted the chapel ceiling and sculpted David.Symbolism: The people crowded around symbolize what an important time this is and how the people react. Christ being in the enter and illuminated symbolize that he is the most important.

The Last Judgement (Important Facts)

• People in painting originally painted naked irrespective of ranks and hierarchy but were painted with clothes on by Danielle De Volterra, Michelangelo’s student• Painting originally commissioned by Pope Clement VII to be subject of

resurrection • Took four years to complete• Mythical creatures in painting such as Charon, Minos, and St.

Bartholomew• Commissioned by Pope Paul II

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Analysis: This painting is showing the nine scenes from the book of Genesis including The Creation of Adam and The Separation of Light from Darkness. During this time the Medici family regains their power and the Pope regains the Papal states. The audience is anyone who went to worship in the chapel. The purpose is to show the creation of the world. Michelangelo sees God as the ultimate power and Adam as his child. Michelangelo had already sculpted David.Symbolism: In the Creation of Adam Adam is laid back witch symbolizes his defiance. He was not trying to reach out of god

Sistine Chapel Ceiling(Important Facts)

• Michelangelo at first did not want anything to do with the ceiling painting because he saw himself as more of a sculptor.• He painted the ceiling while standing on wooden scaffolding not lying

down.• The art was retouched in 1980-1990 by a group of Italian

international experts and was funded by a Japanese television corporation. • Commissioned by Pope Julius II

Raphael SanzioBorn Urbino, Italy 1483Died Rome, Italy 1520

The School of AthensFresco Painting

DescriptionThe School of Athens is a Fresco painting of a fictional schoolIt is a very good example of the use of perspective to create the illusion of depthUsing perspective it draws attention to Plato and Aristotle who are in the centerIt features many great philosophers of Greece from different time periodsIt is supposed to represent philosophy

FactsIt is considered Raphael’s masterpiece and a perfect embodiment of the Renaissances classical spiritIt is one of four frescos painted for the signature room of the apostolic palace, where it resides today, that represents human thought: Theology, Poetry, Philosophy, and JusticeIt is one of many of Raphael’s paintings in the Apostolic Palace because he was commissioned to decorate the Apostolic Apartments

Sistine MadonnaBy: Raphael SanzioOil paintingChristian background

Description

• This is a painting of Mary holding the Christ Child (Jesus).•Mary stands on a cloud in front of angels who are admiring

the new born Christ Child.• The 2 baby angels at the bottom of the painting are very

famous, appearing in ads, campaigns, wrapping paper, and postcards.• The man looking up at the baby is named Saint Sixtus.• People in this picture seem to have a very worried

expression.

Facts

• Commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1512.• Was installed by the Church of San Sito.• This painting, after being released by the church, was in the museum

Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden.• During WW II, it was moved from Dresden.• After being gone until about the 1950’s, it was moved back to Dresden

where it is today.

Jan van Eyck1366-1441Netherland

By: Brittany Wright

Arnolfini Portrait

• Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and wife.• Chandelier has 1 lit candle, signifies

unity of marriage.• Dog is a symbol of wealth because it’s

a rare bread.• Mirror has two other individuals in

the room, one is believed to be the artist serving as a witness.

Facts

• Arnolfini was member of a merchant family.• It appears that his wife is pregnant but she is actually just holding up

her skirt.• It’s believed it was painted as a marriage certificate.

The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin

• Depicts the Chancellor of Burgundy sitting across from the Virgin Mary with Jesus in her lap. • Two peacocks symbolize

immortality and the pride of the Chancellor• Mary is dressed in luxurious clothes

that put her in the times of the painting

Facts

• Eyck had many paintings of the Virgin Mary.• The Virgins body is compared to an alter because she is holding Jesus

for the Chancellor to worship.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder(1524-1569)

• Seen as the greatest Flemish artist of the 16th century. He was the ancestor to a four-generation dynasty of painters that lasted until the 18th century.

• Known for creating great landscape and peasant scenes in his early years, and eventually creating much more Italian works in his later years.

• Nicknamed “peasant Bruegel” due to his painting of commoners, as well as a misnomer about him being born a peasant.

• Of all of Bruegel’s preserved art, about a third are now held at the Kunsthisorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.

Peter Didelot,Paul Bossley Per. 18-17-15

The Tower of Babel (1563)Kunsthisorisches Museum

The Hunters in the Snow (1565)

Analysis:This work shows three hunters returning

from their hunt with only a rabbit for their efforts. Deep footprints show how the hunters and their dogs must trudge through the snow to move. The dogs with lowered heads show depression and grief of the losthunt. With the grief though, there is the joy of the children and adults playing on the frozen pond. These represent the happiness of the winter season in contrast to the hardships that the hunters face. A bleak color pallet adds to the feeling of a barren landscape.

Hunters in the Snow (continued)

Medium – Oil painting on wood panelThis painting can be found today at the Kunsthisoriches Museum Vienna, Austria.This painting was commissioned by the wealthy Antwerp banker Niclaes Jonghelinck along with five other works which depicted all of the seasons. Five of these works remain and are spread across the world. Jonghelinck owned sixteen of Bruegel’s works.The set of works did much to cement Bruegel’s position as one of the best landscape artists of Northern Europe.

The Triumph of Death (1562)Description:•Army of skeletons•Fires•Shipwrecks•Barren landscape•Corpse-filled pond•Dead bodies litter the ground•Hangings, executions•Killing everyone from children to the kingSymbolism/Analysis:This painting symbolizes that you can not escape death. It takes everyone no matter the social class.

The Triumph of Death (continued)

Medium: Oil Panel PaintingLocation Today:Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Work Cited

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Painter_and_the_Buyer,_1565_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/thetriumphofdeath.jpg • http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/brue/hd_brue.htm • http://www.britannica.com/biography/Pieter-Bruegel-the-Elder • http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/bruegel/pieter_e/07/01januar.html