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Suydam, Marilyn N.; Kirschner, VickySelected References on Mathematical Anxiety,Attitudes, and Sex Differences in .Achievement andParticipation. .

Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. InformationReference Center for Science, 'Mathematics, andEnvironmental Education.National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, D.C.Dec Ba400-78 -0004,46p.Information Reference Center _(ERIC/IRC), The OhioState Univ.,. 1200 Chambers Rd.', 3rd Floor, Columbus,OH 43212 ($2.50).

BIDES PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Achievement: *Attitudes; Educational Research:

Educational Resources; *Mathematics Anxiety:*Mathematics Education; Research; *ResourceMaterials; Resources; *Sex Differences; StudentAttitudes

IDENTIFIERS *Mathematics Education Research

'ABSTRACTThis document is a bi-bliographic collection of

references listed alphabetically by author, but not otherwisecategorized. The final two pages list by title those documents whereino. individual ,author is credited. In addition to mathematicalanxiety, attitudes, and sex differences in achievement andparticipation, a few documents deal with mathematical careers forwomen, aptitudes, abilities and differential treatment. (MP)

********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS arm the best that can be made

from the original document..*314************44*******4!*********************************************

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-r..DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OR lGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OP OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRE-SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR-POLICYCr%

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11-4

. C:3Selected ReferencesLLi

on

Mathematical Anxiety, Attitudes, and

Sex Differences in Achievement and-Participation

Marilyn N. Suydam

Vicky Kirschner

The Ohio State University

Dec :,-Aber 1980

SMEAC Information Reference Center

The Ohio State University

1200 Chambers Rd., Room 310

Columbus, OH 43212

This publication was prepared with funding from the National

Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Education under

contract no.' 400-78-0004. Me opinions expressed in this

report do not necessai::,y reflect the positions or policies

of NIE or U.S. Department of Education.

Selected Refcrences on Mathematical-Anxiety, Attitudes,and Sex Differences in Achievement and Participation

Afflack, Ruth. Mathophobia: A Mini-Course for the Mathophobic. In J. E.Jacobs (Ed.),.Perspectives on Women and Mathematics. Columbus, 'Ohio:ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and- Environmental Education,1978. ERIC: ED 166 051.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Attitudes Toward Mathematics. Review of EducationalResearch 40: 551-596; October 1970.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Intellective Variables and Mathematics Achievement:Directions for Research. .Journal of School Psychology 9: 201-212; 1971.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Sex Differences in Attitude and Achievement inMathematics. 1971. ERIC: ED 049 922.

Aiken,_Lewis R., Jr. Research on Attitudes Toward Mathematics. ArithmeticTeacher .19: 229-234; March 1972. ERIC: EJ 052 660.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Biodata Correlates of Attitudes Toward Mathematics inThree Age and Two Sex Groups. School Science and Mathematics 72:

386-395; May 1972. ERIC:. EJ 057 029.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Ability and Creativity in Mathematics. Review ofEducational Research 43: 405-432; Fall 1973.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Affective Variables and Sex Differences in MathematicalAbilities. August 1974. ERIC: ED 089 997.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Some Speculations and Findings Concerning SexDifferences in Mathematical Abilities and Attitudes. In E. Fennema (Ed.),Mathematics Learning: What Research Says About Sex Differences.Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Center for Science, Mathematics, and EnvironmentalEducation, 1975. ERIC: ED /28 195.

Aiken, Lewis R., Jr. Update on Attitudes and Other Affective Variables inLearning Mathematics. Review of Educational Research 46: 293-311;Spring 1976. ERIC: EJ 142 051.

Allen, Mary J. Sex Differences in Spatial Problem-Solving Styles. Per-ceptual and Motor r-alils 39: 843-846; October 1974.

Allen, Russell H. and Chambers, Donald L. A Comparison of the MathematicsAchievement of Males and Females. Bulletin No. 9194. Madison: WisconsinState Department of Public Instruction, November 1977. ERIC: ED 159 073.

Almciaist, E. M. and Angrist, S. S. Role Model Influence on College Women'sCareer Aspirations. Merrill- Palmer Quarterly 17: 263-279; 1971.

Alpert, Judith L. and Hummel-Ross, Barbara. Teacher's Communication ofDifferential Performance Expectations for Boys and Girls. 1975.

ERIC: ED 103 360.

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Armstrong, Jenny R. Factors in. Intelligence Which May Account for Dif-ferences in Mathematics Performance Between the Sexes. In E. Fennema(Ed.), Mathematics Learning: What Research Says About Sex Differences.Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Center for Science, Mathematics, and EnvironmentalEducation, 1975. ERIC: ED 128 195.

---ArmstrengiJane M. Achievement and_Participation_of_Women in Mathematics:An Overview. Denver: Education Commission of the States, March 1980.ERIC: ED 184 878.

Arnold, R. D. The Achievement of Boys and Girls Taught by Men and WomenTeachers. Elementa*y School Journal 68: 367-373; 1968.

Astia, Helen S. Overview of the Findings. In H. Astin, H. Suniewick, andS. Dweck (Eds.), Women: A Bibliography on Their Education and Careers.New. York: Behavioral Publications, Inc., 1974.

Astin, Helen S. Sex Differences in Mathematical Precocity. In J. C. Stan-ley, D. P. Keating, and L. H. Fox (Eds.), Mathematical Talent: Discovery,Description, and Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1974.

Astir, Helen S. Sex Differences inJournal of Special Education 9:

Mathematical and Scientific Precocity.79-92; Spring 1975,

Atweh, William F. Sexist AttitudesEducation, April 1980. ERIC: SE 032 749.in Mathematics Education. Australia:

Kelvin.Grovd College of Advanced

Austia-Martia, George; Waddell, Linda; and Kincaid, Marylou Butler.Correlates of Math Anxiety in Female College Freshmen. October 1980.ERIC: SE 033 192.

Ayers, Jerry B. et al. Attitudes Toward Women, College Major andAuthoritarianism. November 1977. ERIC: ED 157 927.

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Bachman, Alfred :lorry. The Relationship Between a'Seventh-Grade Pupil'sAcademicSelf-Concept and Achievement in Mathematics. Journal forResearch in.Mathematics Education 1: 173-179; May 1970.

Backman, Margaret Esther. Relationships of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status,and Sex to Patterhs of Mental Abilities. (Columbia University, 1970i--) _______

Dissertation Abstracts International 33B: 4988; April 1973.

Bander, Ricki Sue. The Relative Efficacy of Single and Multi-componentTreatment Approaches to Mathematics Anxiety as a Function of Mathematical

_Aptitude and Gender. (The Ohio State University, 1979.) DissertationAbstracts International 40B: 1863; October 1979.

Bart, William M. et al. The Relationships of Spatial Ability and Sex toFormal Reasoning Capabilities. Journalof Psychology 104: 191-198;March 198C. ERIC: EJ 221 416.

Baskin, John T. The Einstellung Effect in Relation to Mathematics Back-ground. (University of Maryland, 1971.) Dissertation Abstracts Inter-national 32A: 5665; April 1972.

Baylis, Clifford A., Jr. The Mathophobia Workshop: A Strategy for DevelopingMathematical Readiness for the Academically Disadvantaged Student inCareer Education. Monroeville, Pennsylvania: Allegheny County CommunityGpllege, June 1979. ERIC:- ED 180_522.

Beattie, Ian D. et al. The Relationship of Achievement and Attitudes TowardsMathematics in the Elementary School: A Longitudinal Study. 1973.ERIC: ED 076 424.

Bea, Michael D.. What Are Pupils' Attitudes Toward the School Curriculum?Elementary School Journal 78: 73-78; September 1977.

Becker, Joanne Rossi. A Study of Differential Treat?Ient of Females andMales in.Mathematics Classes. (University of Maryland, 1979.) Disser-tation Abstracts International .41A: 142-143; July 1980.

Behr, A. N. Achievement, Aptitude, and Attitude in Mathematics. Two-Year.College Mathematics Journal 4: 72 -74; 1973.

Behrens, L. G. and Vernon, P. E. Personality Correlates of Over-Achievementand Under - Achievement. British Journal of Educational Psychology 48:

290-297; November 1978. ERIC: EJ 202 555.

Bem, S. L. and Bem, D. V. We're All Non-conscious Sexists. PsychologyToday 4: 22+; 1970.

Bem, S. L. and Lenney, E. Sex Typing and the Avoidance of Cross Sex Behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psycholo 33: 48 -54; 1976.

Benton, Barbara Lee. Math Avoidance and Pursuit of Fantasy Careers.(Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 1979.) DissertationAbstracts International 40B: 2818; December 1979. See also:

ERIC: 169 282.

Berger, Florence Cohen. Sex-Differential Patterns of Verbalin Fourth, Seventh and Tenth Grade Mathematics Classrooms.University, 1979.) Dissertation Abstracts International-3007; December 1979.

Berrill, Renee and Wallis, Peter. Sex Roles in Mathematics.in School 5: 28; March 1976. ERIC: EJ 136 771.

Interaction(Cornell

40A: 3006-

Mathematics

Betz, Nancy E. Math Anxiety: What Is It? August 1977. ERIC: ED 149 220.

Betz, Nancy E. Prevalence, Distribution, and Correlates of Math Anxietyin College Students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 25: 441-448;September 1978. ERIC: EJ 200 900.

Biconti, Ann S. and Astin, Helen S. Undergraduate and Graduate Study inScientific Fields. Washington: American Council on Education, August1973. ERIC: ED 080 794.

Bloch, J. H. Conceptions of Sex Role: Some Cross-cultural and Longitu-dinal Perspectives. American Psychologist 28: 512-524; 1973.

Blum, Lenore and Givant, Steven. Increasing the Participation of Women inFields That Use Mathematics. American Mathematical Monthly 87:

- 785 -793; December 1980.

Bobbe, Carol Norwalk. Sex-Role Preference and Academic Achievement.(Yeshiva University, 1971.) Dissertation Abstracts International 32B:

1818-1819; Septembei 1971.

Boodt, Mary Ione. The Nature of the Relationship Between Anxiety TowardMathematics and Achievement in Mathematics. (Indiana University, 1979.)Dissertation Abstracts International- 40A: 5346; April 1980.

Boswell, Sally L. Nice Girls Don't Study Mathematics: The Perspective. from Elementary School. Boulder, Colorado: Institute for Research on

'Social ProbleMs, 1979. ERIC: ED 174 477.

Boswell, Sally L. and Katz, Phyllis A. Nice Girls Don't Study Mathematics:Final Report. Boulder, Colorado: Institute for Research on SocialProblems, 1980. ERIC: ED 188 888.

Brassell, Anne et al. Ability Grouping, MathematicS Achievement, and PupilAttitudes Toward Mathematics. Journal for Research in MathematicsEducation 11: 22-28; January 1980. ERIC: EJ 216 722.

Brendzel, Sharon. Sex Differences in Proportional Reasoning. March-April1978. ERIC:- ED 164 271.

Brewer, Marilynn and Blum, Myrtle W. Sex-Role Androgyny and Patterns of,Causal Attribution for Academic Achievement. Journal of Research 5:

783-796;_December 1979. ERIC: EJ 217 136.

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Brocklehurst, Nancy, Women and Math: Overcoming Avoidance. CollegeBoard Review 111: 22-24, 33; Spring 1979. ERIC: EJ 201 625.

1,

Brophy, J. E. and Good, T. L. Teachers' Communication of DifferentialExpectations fOr Children's Classroom Performance: Some BehavorialData. Journal of Educational Psychology 61: 365-374; 1970.

1

Broverman, I.; Broverman; D.; Clarkson, F.; Rosenkranz, P.; and Vogel, S.Sex-role Stereotypes and Clinical Judgments of Mental Health. Journalof Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 34: 1-7; 1970.

Brown, Ric. Construct Validation of Attitudes Toward Mathematics. Undated.ERIC: ED 142 587.

Brush, Lorelei R. A Path Analytic Explanation of the Lower ParticipationRates of Women in College Physical Science. April 1977. ERIC: ED149 237.

Brush, Lorelei R. A Validation Study of the Mathematics Anxiety RatingScale (MARS). Educational and Psychological Measurement 38: 485-490;Summer 1978. ERIC: EJ 191 599:-

Brush, Lorelei R. Whydinal Study. FinalInc., November 1979.

Burnett, Sarah A. et alQuantitative AbilityERIC: EJ 218 641.

Women Avoid the Study of Mathematics: A Longitu-Report. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Abt Associates,

ERIC: ED 188 887.

. Spatial Visualization and Sex Differences inIntelligence 3: 345-354; October-December 1979.

Burton, Grace M. The Power of the Raised Eyebrow. 1976. ERIC: ED 139 605.

Burton, Grace M. Mathematical Ability--Is It a Masculine Trait? SchoolScience and Mathematics 78: 566-574;__Noveriber 1978. ERIC: EJ 195 051.

Burton,' Grace M. Why Susie-Cali-itor Doesn't Want /-o--Add. In J.Perspectives(Ed.), Perspiives on Women and Mathematics. Columbus,

ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental_1978. ERIC: ED 166 051.

E.

Ohio:Education;

Burton, Grace M. Getting Comfortable with Mathematics. Elementary SchoolJournal 79: 129-135; January 1979. ERIC: EJ 201 808.

Burton, Grace M. Regardless of Sex. Mathematics Teacher 72: 261-270;April 1979. ERIC: EJ 201 919.

Burton, Grace M. and Russell, Dorothy. Facilitating Sex-Fair TeacherTraining: A Module for Inclusion in an Elementary Mathematics MethodsCourse. September 1978. ERIC: ED 162 839.

Butler, Martha L. The Effects of the Summer Institute: "New CareerOptions for Women Through Mathematics" on Mathematical, Social, Academicand Career Anxieties and on Sex Role Attitudes. Undated. ERIC:

ED 173 1722.

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Calabrese, Marylyn E, et al. Becoming Sex Fair. The Tredyffrin EasttownProgram, A Comprehensive Model for Public School Districts. Berwyn,

Pennsylvania: Tredyffrin/Eastown Schocil District, 1979. Coordinator s

Manual, ERIC: ED 186 987. Stage One Manual. Preparing for Change,

ERIC: ED 186988. Stage Two Manual: Planning the In-Service Program;ERIC: ED 186 989. Stage Three Mannar: Revising the Currictilum,

ERIC: ED 186 900.

Caldwell, Edward and Hartnett, Rodney. Sex Bias in College Grading?Joul:nal of Educational Measurement 4: 129-132; Fall 1967.

_

C bell,'Patricia R. A/ Useful Evaluation of Sex Role Materials: Possi-

- bility or Pipe Dream? March 1978. ERIC: ED 156 699.

Candy, Marie M. et al. The Extent of Participation of Women in the Sciences.Final Report. Chevy Chase, Maryland: Federation of Organizations for

Professional Women,, 1979. ERIC: ED 180 745.

Capon, Noel and Kuhn, Deanna. Logical Reasoning in the. - Supermarket: Adult

Females' Use of a Proportional Reasoning Strategy in an Everyday Con-text. Developmental Psychology 15: 450-452; July 1979. ERIC:

EJ 219 935.

Carey, John F. O. The Relationship Between Attitude Toward School, Sex,Intelligence, and Academic Achievement.- (The University of Rochester,

1978.) Dissertation Abstracts International 39A: 2824-2825; November 1978.

Casserly, Patricia Lund. An Assessment of Factors Affecting Female Parti-cipation in Advanced Placement Programs in Mathematics, Chemistry, andPhysics. Final Report. Princeton: Educational Testing Service, July

1975.

Casserly, Patricia Lund. Factors Leading to Success--Present and Future.In J. E. Jacobs (Ed.), Perspectives on Women and Mathematics. Columbus,

Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and EnvironmentalEducation, 1978. ERIC: ED 166 051.

Casserly, Patricia. Lund. Helping Able Young Women Take Math and ScienceSeriously in School, 1979. ERIC: SE 033 693.

Caughman, Alison Y. Female Access to Careers in Engineering Technology,Exemplary Project in Vocational Education Conducted under Section 132of Public Law 94-482. Final Report. Charleston, South Carolina:Trident Technical College, August 1978. ERIC: ED 160 829.

Cauthen, Ina Ann. Selected Demographic and Personality Variables Relatedto Mathematical Achievement in Men and Women. (Texas A&M University,1979.) Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 4456; February 1980.

Chang, Ping-Tung. Persistence in Small Group Instruction in DevelopmentalMathematics Courses--on Relationships Among Academic Performance, SexDifference, Attitude, and Persistence. October 1977. ERIC: ED 162 862.

Chapline, Elaine B. Teacher Education and Mathematics: Program Developmentand Evaluation. April 1980. ERIC: ED 186 2i2.

Charpentier, Debra. Women Mathematicians. Two-YearCollege MathematicsJournal 8:, 73-79; March 1977. ERIC: EJ 159 537.

Christoplos, Florence and Borden, JoAnn. Sexism in Elementary-School Mathe-matics. Elementary School Journal 78: 275-277; March 1978. ERIC:EJ 182 013.

Clark, Edward T. Sex Differences in the Perception of Academic AchievementAmng EIementary-School-ChIldrenT-=Journal-of- Psychology 67: 249-256;November 1967.

Clements, M. A. (Ken). Sex Differences in Mat matical Performance: AnHisiorical Perspective. Educational Studie in Mathematics 10:305-322; 1979.

Clements, M.A. and Wattanawaha, N. Sex and Age-Within-Grade Differences inMathematical Achievement of Victorian Children. In M. A. Clements andJ. Foyster (Eds.), Research in Mathematics Education, Volume 2, 1977.

Cobb, Jewel PhImmer. Filters Cor Women in Science. 1977. ERIC: ED 162 842.

Cohen, Rochelle F. and Cohen, Michael R. Opening New Doors: Taking Sex-Role Stereotyping Out of Science and Mathematics.__School Science andMathematics 80: 566-572; November 1980.

Connolly, Terry and Porter, Alan L. The Recruitment and Retention of Womenin Engineering:. Development of Policy Guidelines. Final Report. Atlanta:

Georgia Institute of Technology, ,December 1978. ERIC: ED 178 318.

Connolly, Terry and Porter, Alan L. The Recruitment and Retention of Womenas Undergraduate Engineers. Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology,

1978. ERIC: ED 178 319.

Connollyi Terry and Porter, Alan L. Women in Engineering: Policy Recommen-.dations for Recruitment and Retention in Undergraduate Programs. Atlanta:Georgia Institute of Technology, September 1978.: ERIC: ED 180 773.

O

Creswell, John L. A Study of Sex-Related Differences in Mathematics Achieve-ment of Black, Chicano, and An lo Adolescents. 1980. ERIC: SE 033 640.

Crosswhite, F. Joe. Correlates of Attitudes Toward Mathematics. NLSMA

Report No. 20. Stanford, California: School Mathematics Study Group,

1972.

. Crumpton, Sharon Dietsch. A Mathematical Anxiety. ReductionProject. (The

University of Tennessee, 1977.) Dissertation Abstracts International

38A: 5310; March 1978.

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Davis, Audrey B. Bibliography on Women: With Special Emphasis on TheirRoles in Science and Society. New York: Science History Publications,1974. ERIC: ED 167 425.

Dellens, Mike. Math Anxiety: What Can a Learning Center Do About It?April 1979. ERIC: ED 176 963.

Denoyer, Richard Armand. A Study of the Effect of Age and Sex on SchoolAchievement in Grades Three, Six, Seven and Nine. (Southern IllinoisUniversity, 1970.) Dissertation Abstracts International 31A: 3950;February 1971.

de Wolf, Virginia A. High School iiathematics Preparation and Sex Differencesin Quantitative Abilities. Seattle: University of Washington, 1977.ERIC: ED 149 968.

'Donady, Bonnie and Tobias, Sheila. Math Anxiety. Teacher 95: 71-74;November 1977. ERIC: EJ 176 806.

Ddnlon, Thomas F. Sex Differences in Test Speededness on the ScholasticAptitude Test. Octobet 1977. ERIC: ED 163 047. .

Doody, William J. The Differentiation of Spatial and Analytic Ability.March 1980. ERIC: -ED 184 882.

Dorf, Richard C. Final Report on National Science Foundation "Women ihEngineering Program", July 1, 1976-July 8, 1978. Davis, California:University of California, Davis Extension, 1978. ERIC: ED 174 491.

Dowling, Delia Mary'. The Development df a Mathematics Confidence Scaleand Its Application in the Study of Confidence in Women College. Students.(The Ohio State University, 1978.) Dissertation Abstracts International39A: 4790; February 1979.

Doyle, Mercedes and Graesser, Arthur, II. Mathematical Problem Spaces ofthe Mathematically Anxious'and the Mathematically Comfortable. 1978.ERIC: ED 162 899.

Duval, Concetta Angeli. Differential Teacher Grading Behavior TowardFemale Students of Mathematics. (The University of Rochester, 1978.)Dissertation Abstracts. International 39A: 2800; November 1978.See also: Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 11: 202-213;May 1980. ERIC: EJ 224 410.

Dwyer, Carol Anne. Influence of Children's Sex Role Standards on Reading.and Aritb Atic Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology 66:811-816; ltember l974. ERIC: EJ 118 365.

N,Dwyer, Carol Anne. Test Content in Mathematics and Science: The Considera-

i'ion of Sex. April 1976. ERIC: ED 129 886.

Dye, N. W. and-Very, P. S. Growth Changes in Factorial Structure by Age andSex. Genetic Psychology Monographe 78: 55-88; 1968.

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Eliot, S. and Fralley, J. S. Sex Differences in Spatial Ability. youngChildren 31: 387-399; 1976.

Elmore, Patricia B. and Vasu, Ellen S. Math Anxiety: Its Impact onGraduate IeVel Statistics Achievement. April 1979. ERIC: ED 178 331.

Elmore, Patricia B. and Vasu, Ellen S. A Spectrum Analysis of AttitudesToward Mathematics: Multifaceted Research Findings. 1979. ERIC:ED 173 175.

Elton, C. F. and Rose, H. A. Traditional Sex Attitudes and DiscrepantAbility Measures in College Women. Journal of Counseling Psychology

4' 14: 536:=541-;

Erlick, Arline C. and LeBold, William K. Factors Influencing the ScienceCareer Plana of Women apd Supplementary Report of Poll'No. 101 of the Purdue Opinion Pane Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Uni-versity, 1977. ERIC: ED 180 747.

Ernest, John et-al. MatheMatics and Sex. Santa Barbara, California:University of California, Santa Barbara, January 1975. ERIC: ED 107 535...See also:. American' Mathematical- Monthly- 83: 595-614; October 1976.ERIC: ES 148 839.,

Ernest, John. Sex, Sexism, and Anxiety_in Mathematics. In'J..E. Jacobs -(Ed.), Perspectives on Women and Mathematics. CoVmbus, Ohio: ERICClearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education, 1978.ERIC: ED 166 051.

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Faggen-Steckler, Jane; McCarthy, Karen A.; and Tittle, Carol K. A Quan-titative Method for Measuring. Sex "Bias" in Standardized Tests.Journal of Educational Measurement 11: 15L -161; Fall 1974..

Fairbank, J. D. and Bell, S. G. (Eds.). Second Careers for Women: AView from the San Francisco Peninsula. October 1971. ERIC:ED 059 429.

Fauth, Gloria C. and Jacobs, Judith E. Equity in Mathematics Education:The Educational Leader's Role. Educational Leadership 37: 485 -490; March 1980. ERIC: EJ 217 750.

Fayock, Paula Marie. The RelationshipBetween Cognitive and Non-cognitiveMeasures and Employment in Mathematically Related Careers Among Femaleand Male Project TALENT Participants. (The Pennsylvania State Univer-sity, 1977.) Dissertation Abstracts International 38A: 5882-5883;Aril -4M &.

L

Federbush, M. The Sex Problems of Math School Books. In J. Stacey,-S.Bereand, and J. Daniels (Eds.), And Jill Came Tumbling After: Sexismin American Education. New York: Dell, 1974.

Fennema, Elizabeth. Mathematics Learningand the Sexes: A Review. 1973.ERIC:---ED 076 392. See also: Journal for Research in MathematicsEducation 5: 126-139; May 1974.

,Fennema, Elizabeth. Mathematics, Spatial Ability and the Sexes. April1974. ERIC: ED 089 998.

.40* ft...

Fannema,.Elizabeth. Sex Differences in Mathematics Achievement: A Review.Journal for Research inYMathematics Education 5: 126-139; May 1974.ERIC: EJ 098 530.'

Fennema, Elizabeth. Sex Differences in Mathematics Learning: Why???.Elementary School Journal. 75: 183-190; December 1974. ERIC:-EJ.107 794.

Fennema, Elizabeth. What Difference Does It Make? (If Boys Learn MathBetter than Girls). Wisconsin Teacher of Mathematics 25:. 6 -7; 1974..

Fennema, Elizabeth (Ed;), Mathematics Learnin : What Re"Search Sa s About-Sex Differences. _Golumbus; Ohio: ERIC Center for Science, Mathematics,and Environmental Education, December 1975. ERIC: ED 128 195

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Fennema, Elizabeth. Mathematics, Spatial Ability, and the Sexes. InE. Fennema (Ed.), Mathematics Learning: What Research Says AboutSex Differences. Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Center for Science, Mathematics,and Environmental Education, December 1975. ERIC: ED 128 195.

Fennema, Elizabeth. Influences of Selected Cognitive, Affective, andEducational Variables on Sex-Related Differences in Mathematics Learningand Studying: In L. H. Fox, E. Fennema, and J. Sherman (Eds.), Womenand Mathematics: Research Perspectives for Change. Washington:National Institute of Education, 1977. See also: ERIC: ED 142 906.

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Fennema, Elizabeth. Sex-Related Differences in Mathematics Achievement:Where and Why? In J. L. Jacobs (Ed.), Perspectives on Women andMathematics. Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathe-matics, and Environmental Education, 1978. ERIC: ED 166 051.

Feunema, Elizabeth. Women and Girls in Mathematics--Equity in MathematicsEducation. Educational Studies in Mathematics 10: 389-401; November1979 ERIC: EJ 213 402.

Fennema, Elizabeth. Teachers and Sex Bias in Mathematics. Mathematics

Teacher 73: 169-173; March 1980.

Fennema, Elizabeth and Sherman, Julia. Sex-Related Differences in Mathe-matics Learning: Myths, Realities and Related Factors. February 1976.ERIC: ED 129 633. See also: ERIC: ED 160 445.

Fennema, Elizabeth and Sherman, J. Fennema-Sherman Mathematics_AttitUdeScales. Journal Supplement AbStract Service. Catalo of-SelectedDocumentsin Psychology 6 (31), Ms. No. 1225, 1976--

Fennema, Elizabeth and Sherman, Julia A. Sexual Stereotyping and MathematicsLearning. Arithmetic Teacher 24: 369-372; May 1977. ERIC: EJ 162 932,

Fennema, Elizabeth and Sherman, Julia A. Sex-Related Differences in Mathe-matics Achievement, Spatial Visualization and Affective Factors.American Educational Research Journal 14: 51-71; Winter 1977. ERIC:

EJ 168 852.

Fennema, Elizabeth H. and Sherman, Julia A. Sex-Related Differences inMathematics Achievement and Related Factors: A Further Study. Journalfor Research in Mathematics Education 9: 189-203; May 1978. ERIC:

EJ 185 671.

Fennessey, Alice. Math Anxiety:' Your Biggest Hang Up. Harper's Bazaar75+;. January 1978.

Fink, M. E. Self-concept as it Relates to Academic Underachievement.California Journal of Educational Research 13: 57-61; 1969.

Fitzpatrick, Jody L. .Academic Underachievement, Other-Direction, andWomen's Role in Bright, Adolescent Females. 1974.- ERIC: ED 151 637.

Flanagan, J. C. Changes in School Levels of Achievement: Project TALENTTen and Fifteen Year Retests. Educational Researcher 5: 9-12; 1976.

Flexer, Barbara K. and Wright, Robert J. Interrelationship of Age and Sexin Achievement in an Accelerated Eighth Grade Algebra Course. 1976.

ERIC: ED 137 094.

Fluellen, Alexander Hamilton. A Study of the Development of NegativeAttitudes Towards Mathematics. (Indiana University, 1975.) DissertationAbstracts International 36A: 2748-2749; November 1975.

Fox, Lynn. H. Values and Career Interests of Mathematically PrecociousYouth. August 1973. ERIC: ED 105 329.

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Fox, Lynn H. A Mathematics Program for Fostering Precocious Achielmment.In J. C. Stanley, D. P. Keating, and L. H. Fox (Eds.), Mathemat galTalent:* Discovery, Description and Development. Baltimore: Jcrals

Hopkins University Press, 1974.

Fox, Lynn Hussey. Facilitating the Development of Mathematical Talentin Young Women. (The Johns Hopkins University, 1974.) DissertationAbstracts International 35B: 3553;. January 1975; ERIC: ED 108 929.

Fox, Lynn H. Mathematically Precocious: Male or Female? In E. Fennema(Ed.), Mathematics Learning: _What-Research tays About Sex Differences.Columbus, Ohio:--ERIC-Center for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental

-Educati6n, December 1975. ERIC: ED 128 195. See also: ERIC:ED 090 473, ED 122 563.

Fox, Lynn. Sex Differences: Implications for Program Planning. 1975.ERIC: ED 112 580.

Fox, Lynn H. Women and the Career Relevance of Mathematics and Science.School Science and Mathematics 76: 347-353; April 1976. ERIC:EJ 139 939.

Fox, Lynn H. Gifted Girls: Scientists and Mathematicians of the Future.October 1976. ERIC: ED 135 598.

Fox, Lynn H. Changing Behaviors and Attitudes of Gifted Girls. 1976.ERIC: ED 138 008.

Fox, Lynn H. Sex Differences in Mathematical Precocity: Bridging the Gap.In D. P. Keating (Ed.), Intellectual Talent: Research and Development.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Fox, Lynn H. The Effects of Sex Role Socialization on Mathematics Partici-pationand Achievement. In L. H. Fox, E. Fennema, and J. Sherman(Eds.), Women and Mathematics: Research Perspectives for Change.Whshington: National Institute of Education, 1977. ERIC: ED 142 867.

Fox,Lynn H. Women and Mathematics: The Impact of Early InterventionPrograms upon Course-Taking and Attitudes in High School. FinalReport. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. ERIC:ED 188 886.

Fox, Lynn H. and Brody, Linda E. Sex Differences in Attitudes and Course-Taking in Mathematics Amon the Gifted: In.lications for Counselinand Career Education. 1979. ERIC: ED 171 552.

Fox, Lynn H. and Denham, S. A., Values and Career Interests of Mathematicallyand Scientifically Precocious Youth. In J. C. Stanley, D. P. Keating,and L. H. Fox (Eds.), Mathematical Talent: Discovery, Description andDevelopment. Baltimore: ,Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974.

Fox,'Lynn H.; Fennema, Elizabeth; and Sherman, Julia (Eds.). Womenand Mathematics: Research Perspectives for Change. NIE Papers inEducation and Work, Number 8. Washington: National Institute ofEducation, November 1977. ERIC:. ED 160 403.

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Fox, L. H.; Pasternak, S. R.; and Peiser, N. L. Career-Related Interestsof Adolescents. In D. P. Keating (Ed.), Intellectual Talent: Researchand Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Frazer, William G.; Miller, Ted L.; and Epstein, Lee. Bias in Prediction:A Test of Three Models with Elementary School Children. Journal ofEducational Psychology 67: 490-494; August 1975. _ _ -

--- Freeman, Janice L. and-Kepler, Karen B. Women's Education: A Survey ofPurposes at a Liberal Arts College for Women. April 1977. ERIC: t

ED 138 199.

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Garai, J. E. and Scheinfeld, A. Sex Differences in Mental and BehavioralTraits. Genetic Psychology Monographs 77: 169-299; 1968.

Garron, D..C. SeX-linked Recessive Inheritance of Spatial and NumericalAbilities and Turneria_Syndrome. Psychological ReviewRevie-77:' -147-152;1970.

Gay, Lorraine R. An Investigation into the Differential Effectivenessfor Males and Females,dof Three CAI Treatments on Delayed Retentionof_Mathematical Concepts. Tallahassee: Florida State University,November 1969. ERIC: ED 034 426.

George, W. C. and Denham, S. A. Curriculum Experimentation for the Mathe-matically Gifted. In D. P. Keating (Ed.), Intellectual Talent: Researchand Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Gessner, Judith Kirmayer. Sex and Attitudes Toward Women as FactorsAffecting Attitudes Toward Mathematics of Elementary School Teachers inTwo Districts of New Jersey. (Rutgers University,-The-Siate Universityof New Jersey, 1977.) Dissertation Abstracts-International 38A:

4003; January 1978.

Gilmartin, Kevin J., The Status of Women and Minorities in Education.Technical-RepOrt 3. Palo Altd, California: American Institutes forResedich in the Behavioral Sciences, June 1979. ERIC: ED 183 457.

GlascoCk, Jane. A Visual Information Processing Approach to Sex Differencesin Spatial Ability. (University of Washington, 1979.),, DissertationAbitractshInternational 40B: 2874; December 1979.

Glickman, Judith R. Review of-Reseaidh--Sex Differencesin IntellectualFunctioning: Myth or Reality. May 1975. lERIC:'. ED 120 706.

Gold, Dolores and Berger, Charlene. Problem-Solving Performance of YoungBoys and Girls as a Function of Task Appropriateness and Sex Identity.1976. ERIC: ED 137 :693.

Gold, Dolores and Ries, Myrna. Do Male Teachers in theEarly School YearsMake a Difference? A Review of the Literature. Canada: Quebec Departmentof Education, 1978. ERIC: ED 171 387.

Goldman, Roy D. and Hewitt, Barbara Newlin. The Scholastic Aptitude Test"Explains"' Why College Men Major in ScienCe More Often Than College

-_, Women. Journal of Counseling Psychology 23: 50-54; January 1976.ERIC: EJ 132 354':

Goldman, R. D.;'Keplan, R. M.; and Platt, B. B. Sex Differences in Their:Relationship of Attitudes Toward Technology to Choice of Field or Study.Journal of Consulting Psychology 20: :.412-418; 1973.

Good, Thomas L. Sikes, J. N..; and Brophy,Jere E. Effects Of TeaCher Sexand Student Sex on Classroom Interaction. Journal of EducationalPsychology 65: 74-87; 1973.

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Graf, R. Q. and Riddell,.,J. C, Sex Differences in Problem-Solving as aFunction of Problem Context. Journal of Educational Research 65:451-454 1972.

Gray, Mary. The Mathematical Education of Women. American MathematicalMonthly 84: 374-377; May 1977. ERIC: EJ 164 902'.

Graybill, L. Sex Differences in Problem-Solving Ability. Journal ofResearch in Science Teaching 12: 341-346; 1975:

Green, Rayne, Math Avoidance: A,Barrier-to American Indian Science Edu-cation and Science_Careeri. BIA Education Research Bulletin 6: 1-8;September-1978. ERIC: ED 170 084.

Greenberg, Glide M. Enlarging the Career Aspirations of Women Studentsby Alleviating Math and Science Anxiety. 1978. ERIC: ED 157 417.

Gregory, M. K. Sex Bias in. School Referrals. Journal of School Psychology5: 5-6; 1977.

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Beier, R. J. and Solano, C. H. Educators' Stereotypes of MathematicallyGifted Boys. In D. P. Keating (EdJ,_Intellectual Talent:--Research--

-------------and-Deveropraiiit:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Haladyna,___ Tom-and mas, Greg. The Attitudes of Elementary SchoolChildren Toward School and Subject Matters. Journal of ExperimentalEducation 58: 18-34; Fall 1979. ERIC: EJ 220 345. See cliso:ERIC: ED 139 837.-

Hall, Eleanor Grace Perry. Sex Differences in/IQ Development and Corre-lated Variables for Intellectually Gifted Students. (The University

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-Hall, T. R. A Study of Situational Problem Solving by Gifted High SchoolMathematics Students. (Georgia State University at Atlanta, 1976.)Dissertation Abstracts International 37A: 906-907; 1976.

Handley, Herbert M. and Hickson, Joyce F. Background and Career Orienta-tions of Women with Mathematical Aptitude. Journal of VocationalBehavior 13: 255-262; December 1978. ERIC: EJ 193 796.

Hardeman, Carole Hall. The Effects on Middle School Students of "MATHCO":A Program to Enhance YoUng Women's Understanding of InterdisciplinaryUses of Math in Career Choices. (The University of Oklahoma, 1979.)Dissertation Abstracts International 40A:* 1932; October 1979.

Harris, Lauren'Jay. Interaction of Experiential andwNeurologicalTectorsin the Patterning of Human Abilities: The Question of --Sex Differencesin 'Right Hemisphere' Skills. .April 1975.__ERIC: ED 119 854.

.Harris, M. L. and Harris, C. W. _Ana*sis of Dimensions. of a Battery ofReference Tests for Cognitiiie Abilities: Fifth Grade Boys and Girls.Technical Report 19.2". Madison: Wisconsin R&D Center, November 1971.

Harris, Margaret L. and Romberg, Thomas A. Measuring Mathematics ConceptAttainment: Boys and Girls. Madison: WisConsin R&D Center, November1971. ERIC: ED 070 659.

Baven, Elizabeth Wright. Selected Community, School, Teacher, and PersonalFactors Associated with Girls Electing to Take Advanced AcademicMathematics Courses in High School. (University of Pennsylvania, 1971.)Dissertation Abstracts International 32A: 1747; October 1971.

Haven,-Elizabeth W. Factors. Associated with-the-Selection of AdvancedAcademic Mathematics Courses by Girls in High School. March 1972.ERIC: ED 062 173.

Hawley, Peggy. What Women ThinkMen Think: Does It Affect,Their CareerChoice? Journal of Counseling Psychology 18: 193-199; 1971.

Hawley, Peggy. Perceptions of Male Models of Femininity Related to CareerChoice. Journal .of Counseling Psychology 19: 308-313; 1972.

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Hedges, Larry V. and Majer, Kenneth. Female and Minority Representation-id-College Majors as a Function of Mathematics Requirements. San Diego:University of California, San Diego, January 1976; ERIC: ED 123 979.

Heller; Barbara. A Planning Program to Develop Career Path Workshops forWomen Students. August 1978. ERIC: ED 161 511.

Heller, Barbara R. and Agin, Victor. From Senior to Freshman: CareerPaths Workshop for Women Students. Albany: New York State EducationDepartment, 1979. ERIC: ED 177 370.

yeller, Kirby Ann. Experiences for Success in Mathematics: The Effectsof Students' Attributions, Teachers' Expectancies, and Teacher-StudentInteractions. (T1 UniVersity of Michigan, 1978.) Dissertation-Abstracts International 39B: 5136; April 1979.

Heller, Kirby A. et al. Expectancies, Utility Values, and Attributions forPerformance in Mathematics._ March 1978. ERIC: ED 164 262.

Belson, R. Women Mathematicians and the Creative Personality. Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology 36: 210-220; 1971.

B endel, Darwin Df`-The Math Anxiety Program: Its Genesis and Evaluationin Continuing Education for Women. May 1977. ERIC: ED 156 727.

B endel, Darwin D. Evaluation. of Mathematics Anxiety Programs. August 1977.z.ERIC: ED 155,009.

B endel, Darwin D. and Davis, Sandra 0. Effectiveness of an InterventionStrategy for Reducing Mathematics Anxiety. Journal of CounselingPscyhology 25: ,429-434; September 1978. ERIC:, EJ 220 898.

Henriksen, Emmeline and Patton; William. Guidelines for Using Racist/SexistMaterials in the Classroom. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University,September 1976. ERIC: ED 170 429.

Hewitt, Gloria C. The Status of Women in Mathematics. 1978. ERIC:ED 164 259.

Hilton, Peter. Math Anxiety: Some Suggested Causes and Cures: Parts 1and 2. Two-Year College Mathematics Journal 11: 174-188; June 1980.11:/ 246-251; September 1980.

Hilton, Thomas L. and Berglund, Gosta W. Sex Differences in MathematicsAChievement: -A Longitudinal Study.' Journal of Educational Research67: 231-237; January 1974. ERIC: EJ 091 985. See also: ERIC':

ED 069 789.

Hinders,' Duane Curtis. An Explanation of Sek Differences in Stddent Effortin Mathematics: The Impact of Differences. in Social Influence, Articu-lation to Future Work, and Relating Grades to Ability. (StanfordUniversity, 1977.) Dissertation Abstracts International 37A: 7591-

7592; June.1977.

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Hodes, Greg -and Kukuk, Cris.- Psychological-- Variables Related -to Educational

'and Career Development in -a Group of Disadvantaged Minorit Women. 1979.

ERIC: ED181,087.

Holladay, Joanne and McGinty, Denise. Can a Reading Teacher Teach a GREMath Review? Yes. 1978. ERIC: ED 159 616.

Hollis, Roy E. and Woods,-Elinor M. Differences in Predictability ofAcademic Achievement from Internal-External Control. 1975. 'ERIC:

ED 139 505.

Horn, Joseph M. and Turner, Robert Gerald. Personality Correlates ofDifferential Abilities in a Sample of Lower than Average Ability.Psychological Reports 35: 1211-1220; December 1974.

House, Peggy A. Minnesota Talented Youth Mathematics Project: Evaluation

Report. 1977-78. ERIC: ED 166 261.

House, Peggy A. Mathematics Anxiety and the Minnesota Talented YouthMathematics Project. 1979. ERIC: ED 171 550.

Houston, Thomas Andrew. The Relationship of Attitude and AchievementScores to Sex, Intelligence, and Grade Level of a Selected Group ofJunior High School Pupils. (Wayne State University, 1968.) Dissertation

Abstracts 29A: 3325; April 1969.

Houts, P. S. and Entwisle, D. R. Academic Achievement Effort Among Females:Achievement Attitudes and Sex-Role Orientation. Journal of Counseling

Psychology 15: 284-286; 1968.

Huffmann, Harry. Careei Education: A Bus.ness and Office Career Setting

for Mathematics Teachers. School Science and Mathematics 76: 338-346;

April 1976.

Husen, Torsten,(Ed.). International Study of Achievement in Mathematics: AComparison of Twelve Countries. Volumes I and II. New York: Wiley, 1967.

Hyman-, J. R. Systematic Desensitization of Mathematics Anxiety in Hi&School Students: The Role of Mediating Responses, Imagery, Emotionality,and Expectlncy. (Wayne State University, 1973.) Dissertation Abstracts

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. -Issacsoni- Zelda and Freeman-HeIen-. Girls-and Mathematics - -A Response.Mathematics Teaching 90.: 24-26; March 1980. ERIC: EJ 224 336.

Jackson, Morris Lee. The Relationship'Between Self-Concept and AcademicAchievement Among College Women. (The George Washington University,1979.) Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 1282-1283; September1979.

Jacobs, Judith Ellen. A Comparison of the Relationships Between,the Level ofAcceptance of Sex-Role Stereotyping and Achievement and Attitudes TowardMathematics of 'Seventh Graders and Eleventh Graders in a SuburbanMetropolitan New York Community. (New York University, 1974.) Disser-tation Abstracts International 34A: 7585; June 1974. ERIC: ED 107 502.

Jacobs, Judith E. (Ed.). Perspectives on Women-and Mathematics. Columbus,Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and EnvironmentalEducation, 1978. ERIC: ED. 166 051.

Jacobs, Judith E. Change: The Role of the Mathematics Education Community.In J. E. JacObs (Ed.), Perspectives on Women .and Mathematics.. Columbus,Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and EnvironmentalEducation, 1978. ERIC: ED 166 051.

Jay, Winifred Tom. Sex Stereotyping in Selected Mathematics Textbooks forGrades Two, Four. and Six. (University of Oregon, 1973.) DissertationAbstracts International 34A: 7585; June 1974.

Jay,- Winifred T. and Schminke, Clarence W. &Sex Bias in Elementary SchoolMathematics Texts. Arithmetic Teacher 22: 242-246; March 1975.ERIC: EJ 114 962.

Jenkins, N. and Vrsogh, K. Contemporary Concepts of Masculinity and Femininity.Psychological Reports 25: 679-697; 1969.

Johnson, Virginia G. Comparing Attitudes Toward Mathematics of FemaleElementary Education Students with Other Female Students. CollegeStudent Journal .10: 213-216; Fall 1976. ERIC: EJ 146.106.

Junghans, Barbara. Math Anxiety, Math Avoidance, Participation in Math:A Summaryof Research Curriculum Recommendations for Career Education.July 1980. ERIC: SE'033 187.

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Kaczala, Caroline M. A Longitudinal Study of Attitudes Toward Mathematicsin 5th Through 12th Grades: Abe and Sex Differences. April 1980.ERIC: SE 031 483.

Kaczala, Caroline et al. Developmental Shifts in Expectancies and Attribu-tions for Performance in Mathematics. April 1979. ERIC: ED 180 783.

Kahl, Stuart Reid. Selected Parental and Affective Factors and TheirRelationships to the Intended and Actual Mathematics Course Enrollmentof Eighth and Eleventh Grade Males and Females. (University of Coloradoat Boulder, 1979.) Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 1933-1934; October 1979.

Kaminski, Donna M. and Erickson, Edsel. The Magnitude of Sex Role Influenceon Entry into Science Careers. August 1979. ERIC: ED 184 855.

Kaminski, Donna M. et al. Why Females Don't Like Mathematics: The Effectof Parental Expectations. September 1976. ERIC: ED 132 530.

Kappy, Kathleen Anne. Differential Effects of Decreased Testing Time on theVerbal and Quantitative Aptitude Scores of Males and Females. (FordhamUniversity, 1980.) Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 6241;June 1980.

0

Karnovsky, Ann Rosenblum. Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Develop-mental' Study. (Harvard University, 1973.) Dissertation AbstractsInternational 34A: 7586;:June 1974.

Keating, D.-P. The Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth. In J. C.Stanley, D. P. Keating, and L. H. Fox (Eds.), Mathematical Talent:Discovery, Description and Development. Baltimore: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 1974.

Keating, D. P. and Stanley, J. C. Extreme Measures for the ExceptionallyGifted in Mathematics and Science. Educational Rest...archer 1: 3-7; 1972.

Reeves, 3. Differences Between the Sexes in Mathematics and Science Courses.International Review of Education 19: 47-63; 1973.

Keller, Claudia Merkel. Six Differentiated Attitudes Toward Mathematics andSex Differentiated Achievement inMathematics on the Ninth Grade Level inEight Schools in New Jersey. (Rutgers University The State University ofNew Jersey, 1974.) Dissertation Abstracts International 35A: 3300;December 1974.

Kenny, David A. The. Measurement and Explanation of Population Effects: Sex

Differences in Mathematics and Science in a Longitudinal Study. (North-western University; 1972.) Dissertation Abstracts International 33B:

4999;.April 1973.

Kepner, Henry S.'and pehn, Lilane n. Sex Roles in Mathematics: A Study ofthe'tatus.of Sex Stereotyping in Elementary Mathematics Texts. Arith-metic Teacher 24: .379-385; May 1577.

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Kerber, Linda K. Advice to General Education: Help Those Math Avoiders.Liberal Education 64: 365-368; October 1978. ERIC: EJ 192 696.

Khan, S. B. Sex Differences in Predictability of Academic Achievement.Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance 6: 88-92; July 1973. .ERIC:EJ 080 499.

Kitchens, Anita Narvarte. An Approach to Relieving Anxiety in the MathematicsClassroom. (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1979.)Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 3743; January 1980.

Kirk, Barbara A. Factors Affecting Young .Women's Direction Toward Science-Technology-Mathematics. Berkeley, California: Management Technology,September 1975. ERIC: ED 145 292.

Koff, Elissa and Mokros, Janice R. Sex-Stereotyping of Children's Judg-ments of Academic'Success. Psychological Reports 43: 802; December 1978.

Kogelman, S. and Warren, J. Mind Over Math. New York: Dial Press, 1978.

Kogelman, Stanley; Nigro, Elizabeth; and Warren, Joseph. Mind Over Math:Overcoming Math Anxiety at the Dalton School. Independent SchoolBulletin 37: 44-46; May 1978. ERIC: EJ 186 225.

Yomarovsky, M. Cultural Contradictions and Sex Role. American Journal ofSociology 78: 873-884; 1973.

Kreinbeig, Nancy. I'm Madly in Love with Electricity and Other CommentsAbout Their Work by Women in Science and Engineering. 1977. ERIC:ED 149 959.

Kreinberg, Nancy. EQUALS in Math. Independent ScAbol Bulletin 37: 47-49;May 1978..

Kubnke; H. Update on Sex -Role. Stereotyping in Elementary Mathematics Text-books. Arithmetic Teacher, 24: 373-379; May 1977.

-22-4:

Lansdown, Richard. Retardation in Mathematics: A Consideration of MultiFactorial Determination. Journal of Child Psychology and PsyChiataand Allied Disciplines 19: 181-185; April 1978. ERIC: EJ 185 252.

Lantz,- Alma E. et al. Reentry Programs for Female Scientists. Final'zi.eport.. Denver: University of Denver, June 1979, ERIC; ED 182 112.

'1,arney, Violet H. Female Mathematicians, Where Are S:islezican Mathe-

matical Monthly 80: 310-313; March 1973,

Lavroff, Waldtraut Seifert. The Sex Factor in thr: Choic.n _it Academic Majorsas a Function of Mathematics Anxiety. (Georgia State University, 1980.)Dissertation Abstracts International 41A: 960; September 1980.

Lazarus, Mitchell. Mathophobia: Some Personal Speculations. NationalElementary Principal 53: 16-22; January-February 1974. ERIC:EJ 091 232.

Lazarus, Mitchell.- Rx for Mathaphobia. Education Digest 41:' 7-10;November 1975.

Leder, Gilah. Sex Differences in Mathematics: Problem Appeal as a Functionof Problem Context. Journal of Educational Research 67: 351-353;Apkil 1974. ERIC: EJ 097 036.

Leder, Gilah. Contextual Setting and Mathematical PerformanceMathematics Teacher 32: 119-127; June .1976.

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Studies in Mathematics 11: 411-422; November 1980.

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Leinhardt, Gaea; Seewald, Andrea Mar; and Engel, Mary. Learning What'sTaught: Sex Differences in Instruction. JournaI.bf Educational Psychology

71: 432-439; August 1979. ERIC: ,EJ 211 848.

Lesher, Ronald E. A Study of Logical Thinkin%. Doylestown, Pennsylvania:Bucks County Public Schools, April 1972. 3RIC:_ ED 063 548.

Levine, M. Identification of Reasons Why Qualified WomenMathematical Careers. Final Report. 1976. ERIC:' ED

Leviton, H. The Implications of the Relationship BetweenAcademic Achievement. Child Study Journal 5: 25-36;

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Liff, Rita May. Programs to Combat Math Avoidance- In J. E. Jacobs (Ed.),Perspectives on Women and Mathematics. Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Clearing-house on Science,- Mathematics, and Environmental Education, 1978.

Lindholm, Byron W.; Touliatos, John; and Rich, Amy. A Canonical CorrelationAnalysis bf Behavior Problems and School Achievement for DifferentGrades, Sexes, and Races. Journal of Educational Research 70:

340-342; July/August 1977.

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Lockheed, Mar"..aine E. Legislation Against Sex Discrimination: Implica-tions for Research. ApriL1976. ERIC: ED 152 782.

.Lockheed, Marlaine E. Sex Bias in Educational Aptitude and AchievementTests: What Do We Know? September 1979. ERIC:. ED 181 077.

Loughlin, Leo J.; O'Connor, Henry A.; Powell, Marvin; and Parsley,Kenneth M., Jr. An Investigation of Sex Differences by Intelligence,Subject-Matter Area, Grade, and.Achievement Level on ThreenxietyScales. Journal oaf Genetic Psychology 106: 207-215; June',1965.

Luchins, Abraham'S. and Luchins, Edith H. Geometric Problem SolvingRelated to Differences in Sex and Mathematical Interests. Journalof Genetic Psychology 134: 255-270; June 1979. ERIC: EJ 209 954.

Luchins, Edith H. Women in Mathematics: Problems of Orientation andRe-orientation. Final Report. Troy, New York:c Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute, JanUary 1976. ERIC: ED 129 634%

Lunneborg,. Clifford E. and Lunneborg, Patricia W. Deviations from Pre -f. Growth of, Abilities for Male and Female College Students. Journal

of Educational Measurement 6: 165-172; Fall 1969.

Lyons, Linda. The Relationship df Parental Modeling, Parental Reinforcement,Academic and Career Interests to the .Enrollment of High School Females inAccelerated Mathematics Programs. April 1980. ERIC: ED.184 890. -N

Maccoby, E. E. (Ed.) Development of,Sex Differences. Stanford, Cali-fornia: Stanford University Press, 1966.

Maccoby, E. E. and Jacklin, C. N. Myth, Reality, and Shades of Gray:What We Know and Don't Know About Sex Differences. Psychology Today8: 109-112; 1974.

Mhccoby, E. E. and Jacklin, C. N. The Psycholbgy of Sex Differences.'Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1974.

MacDonald; Carolyn T. Introductory Mathematics and the Adult Woman'Student. Two-Year College Mathematics Journal 9: 158-161; June1978. ERIC: EJ 185 819.

MacDonald, Carolyn T. and Currier, Barbara S. An Experimental MathematicsProject for Women. American Mathematical Monthly 84: 484-486;June/July 1977. ERIC: ED 164 949.

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Marcus, L. R. Affirmative Action in, Science Departments: A Challenge forHigher Education. 1976. ERIC: ED 134 110.

. Mathison, Marjorie,A. Curricular Interventions and Programming Innovationsfor the Reduction of Mathematics Anxiety. 1977. ERIC:. ED 154 330.

Mathisonv.Marjorie_AInterventions in Math -Anxiety for Adults.--April1979.. E..RTC: ED 111.560.

_

*Mini ltelate&to Required:Mathematics for'Women Students. Ameri-

can _394-398; 1977.

j1cAffee; John Wilson. Sex as an Indicator in the Mathematics Performance ofSelected:SeVenth,:an&Eighth.-Grade StudenLa (East Texas State University,1971)jDissertation Abstracts international 38A: 6521; 1978.

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lic,Ca..ttlY;Ataren-Ann Sex Bias: in Tests of Mathematical Aptitude. (The

City University Of'New York, 19Th.) Dissertation Abstracts 'International_7301; May 1976.

McClure, W. C. A Multivariate Inventory of Attitudes Toward SelectedComponents of Elementary-Schpol.Mathematics. (University of Virginia,

J970.) Dissertation4ibstracts International 31A: 5941-5942; May 1971. ".

- McDaniel, Ernest I) and Guay, Roland B. Spatial-Abi-lities, Mathematics

' Achievement, and the Sexes. April 1975. ERIC: ED 125 917.

McKay-, LuCia'ROmberg. . Sex Differences in.Cogr..:tive Styles and MathematicsAchieveMentim:,FOurth and Eighth Graders. (The University of Texas at

Austin, 19780-Dissertation Abstracts International 39A: 4103-4104i

".-'January 1919.,

McKeadhie,W.:Z. and Lin, Yi-Guang. :Sex Differences in, Student Response

to College Teachers: Teacher Warmth and Teacher ;Sex. American'Educational Research Journal 8: 221-226; March 1971.

-25-

McMahan, Ian Douglass. Casual Attribution and Expectancy of Success:Age and Sex Differences. (City University of New,York, 19.72.)Dissertation Abstracts International. 32B: 6689-6690; May 1972.

McMahan, Ian D. Sex Role Stereotypes of Cognitive Task Performance, 1976.ERIC: ED 131'385.

Meece, Judith L. A Theoretical Framework for Studying Students' CourseSelection in Mathematics. April 1980. ERIC: SE 031 018.

Mein, Lillian Anne. .The Difference in the Level of Anxiety for Male andFemale Undergraduate Mathematics and Non-Mathematics Majors. (Universityof Northern-Colorado, 1973.) Dissertation Abstracts International 34A:3703; January 1974.

Menard, Sharon L. How High the Sky? How Far the Moon? Women ScientistsToday--An Educational Program for Girls and Women in Math and Science,Lafayette, Colorado. Newton, Massachusetts: Education DevelopmentCenter, 1980. ERIC: SE 031 651.

Merkel-Keller, Claudia. Sex Differences in Mathematics: An Investigationof Sex Differentiated Attitudes Toward Mathematics and Sex-DifferentiatedAchievement in Mathematics on the Ninth Grade Level in Eight Schools inNew Jersey. April 1977. ERIC: ED 143 933.

Merrifield, Philip R.and Hummel-Rossi, Barbara. 'Relationships of Indices ofEighth Grade Academic Achievement to Sex and.to Measures of DifferentiatedAptitudes and Personality Traits. Educational and Psychological .Measure-went 17: 487-492; 'Summer ,1977.

Meyer, Ruth Ann. A Study of the Relationship of Mathematical Problem SolvingPerformance and Intellectual Abilities of Fourth-grade Boys and. Girls.Working Paper No. 160. Madison: Wisconsin Research and Development Centerfor Cognitive, Learning, 1976.

Meyer, Ruth Ann. Sex-Related Differences in. Mathematical Problem SolvingPerformance and Intellectual Abilities. 1978. ERIC:. ED 166 023.

Michaels, James W. Effects of Differential Rewarding and Sex on Per-formance. Journal of Educational Psychology 70: 565-573; August 1978.ERIC: EJ 195 522. See also: ERIC: ED 108 010.

Michaels, James W. Closing the. Sex Gap in Math Performance by AlteringReward and Task Structures. Educational Technology 18: 6; June 1978.ERIC: EJ 189 088.

Hilmar, J. Sex Stereotypes in Mathematics and Science Textbooks forElementaryand Junior High Schools. In D. Gersoni-Stavn (Ed.), Sexism end Youth.New York: Bowker, 1974.

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Minuchin, P.' The Schooling of Tomorrow's Women. School Review 80: 199-209;.1972.

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Mitchum, Nancy Taylor. The Effects' of Group Counseling on the Self- Esteem,Achievement and Sex Role Awareness of Children. (The Uriiversity of,Florida, 1978.) Dissertation Abstracts International 39A: 4062;January 1979.

Hitzman, Barry. Seeing a Cure for Mathophobia. American Educatioa 12:10-14; March 1976.

Mokros, Janice R. and Koff, Elissa. Sex-Stereotyping of Children's Successin Mathematics and Reading. Psychological Reports 42: 1287-1293;June 1978.

,Morris, Charles J. and Bowling, J. Michael. Math Confidence and Performanceas a. Function of Individual Differences in Math Aptitude. April 1979,

ED,171 565.

Morris, Larry W. etal. Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale: PredictingAnxiety Experiences and Academic Performance In Two GroUps of Students.Journal of Educational 'Psychology 70: 589-594; August 1978.ERIC: EJ 195 525.

Moses, Barbara E., The Relationship Between Visual Thinking Tasks andProblem-Solving Performance. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green StateUniversity, April 1980. ERIC: EDI187 734.

Moss, Mattie Elizabeth. The Female Undergraduate Mathematics Major:Attitudes, Experiences and Aspirations. (Rutgers University, The StateUniversity of New Jersey, 1975.) Dissertation Abstracts International36A: 6510; April 1976.

Mowder, Barbara Hogue. The Effect of Sex Biased Mathematics Items on thePerformance of Third and Sixth Grade Students. (Indiana University, -

1976.) Dissertation Abstracts International 37A: 4997; February 1977.

Mullis, Ina V. S. Educational Achievement and Sex Discrimination. Denver:Education Commission of the States,, 1975. ERIC: ED 115 701.

1

Murray, Chris. Sex Differences in'the Junior School Classroom. Journalof Experimental Education 45: 20-26; Summer 1977.

Nash; Philip Crawford.Desensitization andUniversity, 1970.)September 1970.

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Treatment of Math 'Anxiety Through Systematic;Insight - Oriented Therapy Groups. (Arizona StateDissertation Abstracts International 31A: 1018-1019;

Naikin,' Gerald Lewis. The Treatment of Mathematical Anxiety Through Mediated.Transfer of Attitude Toward Mathematics. (Indiana University, 1966.)Dissertation Abstracts 27A: 4137; June 1967.

Naylor, F. D. and Gaudry, E. The Relationship of Adjustment, Anxiety, andIntelligence to Mathematics Performance. Journal of Educational Research66: 413-417; 1973. ERIC: EJ 079 454.

Nelson, Laurette Blakey. A Study'of the Sexual and Racial Stereotyping ofElementary School Mathematics Textbooks. (University of Houston, 1977.)Dissertation Abstracts International 38A: 2631; November 1977.

Nelson, Roberta Emery. Sex Differences in Mathematics Attitudes and Related' Factors Among Afro-American Students. (The University of Tennessee, 1978.)

Dissertation Abstracts International 39A: 4793-4794; February 1979.

Nelson, Gayle Gulick. Math Avoidance in Girls. (University of Washington,1979.) Dissertation Abstracts International 40A: 764; August 1979.

Nevin, M. Sex Differences in. Participation Rates in Mathematics and Scienceat Irish Schools and Universities. International Review of. Education

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O'Brien, Curtis William. Pupil Achievement, Attendance, and Attitudes andthe Relationship Between Teacher Perception, Teacher Sex, and Pupil Sex.(The University of Michigan, 1975.) Dissertation Abstracts International36A: 1222; September 1975.

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O'Donnell, JoAnne and Anderson, Dale G. Decision Factors Among WomenTalented in Math and Science: College-Student Journal 11: 165-168i-'Sutiver 1977. ERIC: EJ 167 298..

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Purdy, C011een Bridget. 'Attitudes Toward the EnjoyMent and Value of Mathe-matics in.Relation to Sex-Role Attitudes'at the Sixth and Eighth GradeLevels. .(Boston University School of Education, 1976.) DissertationAbstracts International 37A: 1500; September 1976.

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Rappaport, Karen D. ,Sexual Roles and Mathematical,Expectations. MATYCJournal 12: '195-198; 1978. ERIC: EJ 195 065.

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34

Rose, Clare and Minninger, Sally Ann. Women in Computer Sciences. 1979.ERIC: ED 180 426.

Rose, Clare et al. The Study of the Academic. Employment and Graduate-Enrollment Patterns and Trends of Women in Science and Engineering.Summary Report, 1978. ERIC: 'ED 169 866.

Rose, Clare et al. Distribution of Women Scientists: The Numbers AreMisleading: The Academic Employment Patterns of Women and Men ScientistsDiffer Across Fields and in Status. August 1979. ERIC: ED 180 349.

Rose, Clare et al. The Stud Y of Women Scientists/Engineers in Academe.August 1979. ERIC: ED 180 352.

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Sherman, T. A. Social Values, Femininity, and_the Development of FemaleCompetence. Journal of Social Issues 32: 181-195; 1976.

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Sifverblank, F.. A.Selection of Selected Personality Factors Between StudentsTalented in English and Students Talented iri Mathematics. California.Journal of Educational Research 24: 61-65; 1973' .

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Smolt Walter S. and Litman, Cynthia I. Early Adolescent Girls' and Boys'L arming of a Spatial Visualization Skill. Science Education 63:6 1-676; dctober 1979. ERIC: EJ 213 164.

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Tulloch, Jacquelyn B. Identification and Elimination of Sex Stereot inandSex Bias in Vocational Guidance and Counseling at Piedmont Virginia

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Activit Guide: Sex Equit in Leadership Develo ment Pro ect, 1977-1978.August 1978. ERIC: ED 170 428.

ATP National Report on College-Bound Seniors. New York: College EntranceExamination Board, 1975. ERIC: ED 129 180.

Attracting Reentry Women to Engineering and Technology. Washington:American Society for Engineering Education, 1978. ERIC: ED 176 054.

Count Me In: Educating Women for Science and Math. Videotape, Documentary,and Brochure. Oakland, California: Mills College, 1978. ERIC: 170 125.

Educating Women for Science: A Continuous Spectrum. California: StanfordUniversity Center for Teaching and Learning, April 1976. ERIC: ED 137 080.

Guidelines for Creating Positive Sexual and Racial Images in EducationalMaterials. New York: Macmillan, 1975. ERIC: ED 117 687.

Increasing the Participation of Women in Scientific Research. 1978. ERIC:ED 175 632.

Math Anxiety: It Affects a Majority of Children and Adults, ParticularlyFemales. Education Digest 43: 49+; December 1977.

Math Mystique: Fear of Figuring: Women and Math. Time 109: 36; March 14,1977.

Motivating Girls to Prepare for Math-Related Occupations. Final Report.1979. ERIC: ED 173 657.

National Assessment of Educational. Progress. Math Fundamentals. Report NO.04-MA-01. Denver: Education Commission of the States, January 1975.Consumer Math. Report No. 04-MA.702, June 1975. ERIC: ED 111 696.

National Assessment of Educational Progress. Mathematical Understanding.Report No. 09-MA-04. Denver: Education Commission of the States,December 1979. ERIC: ED 182 174. Mathematical Knowledge and SkillsReport No. 09-MA-03, August 1979. ERIC: ED 176 965. MathematicalKnowledge and Skills. Report No. 09-MA-02, August 1979. ERIC:ED 176 964. Changes in Mathematical Achievement, 1973-1978. ReportNo. 09-MA-01, August 1979. ERIC: ED 177 011.

A National Assessment of Performance and Participation of Women in Mathema-tics. Annual'Report. Denver: Education Commission of the States, 1978.ERIC: ED 176 961. Final Report, 1980. ERIC: ED 187 562.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Report of the Task Force onProblems in the Mathematics Education of Girls and Young Women. Reston,Virginia: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, February 1980.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Mathematics Education ofGirls and Young Women. Reston, Virginia: National Council of Teachers

, of Mathematics, 1980.

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Young, Carol Ann: Self-Concept and Professional Practices: A Comparison ofFemale Mathematics and Science Teachers and Teachers in Certain OtherSecondary School Curriculum Areas. (Indiana University, 1974.) Disser-tation Abstracts International 35A: 5703-5704; March 1975.

Zanca, Jacqueline. Math Anxiety. Women's Work 4: 5-10; January/February1978.

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Self-Perceptions, Task Perceptions and Academic Choice: Origins and Change.Final.RePort. '1980.

Sex Stereotyping in MathEducation.- Atlanta:

ERIC: ED 186 477.

Doesn't Add Up: Project on SexGeorgia State University, 1978.

Stereotyping in-ERIC: ED 171 522.

Sex and Ethnic Differentials in Employment and Salaries Among .FederalScientists and Engineers. Washington: National Science Foundation,December 1979. ERIC: ED 181 862.

A Woman's Place Is Everywhere. October 1977. ERIC: ED 157 575.

Women's Academic and Career Choices. Final Report. Albany:versity of New York, 1979. ERIC: ED 183,871.

State Uni-

Women Scientists in Industry and Government: How Much Progress in the1970's. An Interim Report. Washington: National Academy of SciencesNational Research Council,.1980. ERIC: ED 188 893.

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