File FormatsDifferent applications (programs) store data in different formats. Applications support some file formats and not others.

Open…, Save…, Save as…, Import…, Export…, Place...

File formats appear as a (usually) 3 letter suffix or “extension” after the name of the file, e.g., .psd, .doc, .jpg, .pct, .tif, .gif, .ppt, etc.

MacIntosh does not require the file extension after the name, but Windows does. On the Mac choose “append file extension” for easier communication across platforms.

Adobe IllustratorSaveSave As. . . Save a Copy. . .Save as Template. . . Save for Web. . .Illustrator can save files in the following basic formats:

.ai — Adobe Illustrator, its “native” format

.pdf — Adobe Portable Document Format

.ait — Adobe Illustrator Template

.eps — Illustrator Encapsulated PostScript

.svg — Scalable Vector Graphics

.svgz — SVG compressed

As well as a number of Web compatible formats (.gif, .jpeg, .png-8, .png-24, .swf, .svg., .wbmp)

But. . ., Illustrator can open (import) and export files in many (almost 30) different file formats, however when you Export, most formats convert the vector drawing into a bitmap image:

See:Illustrator Help. . .

Contents. . .Saving and Exporting. . .

About graphic file formats

Adobe PhotoshopSaveSave As. . . Save a VersionSave for Web. . .

Photoshop can save files in many file formats:

.psd — Photoshop Document, its “native” format

.pdf — Photoshop Portable Document Format

.eps — Photoshop Encapsulated PostScript

.tiff — Tagged Image File Format

.gif — Compuserve Graphic Interchange Format

.jpg — JPEG, Joint Photographic Experts Group

.bmp — Windows Bitmap

.png — Portable Network Graphicetc., etc.

And. . ., like Illustrator, Photoshop can open many (about 25) different file formats:

However, it can import and export fewer file formats.

See Photoshop Help. . .Contents. . .

Saving and Exporting Images. . .

What are the basic graphic file formats?

Which file formats should you use and why?

How does the format affect the file size?

How does the format handle compression?

EPSEncapsulated PostScript

• Preferred file format for importing into page layout programs such as QuarkXPress, PageMaker, InDesign, XPress, etc. for subsequent printing.

• An object-oriented format.• Will only print to a postscript printer.• Uses lossy JPEG compression.• Only save your file as EPS if you need to import it

into a page layout program.

TIFFTagged Image File Format

• Widely used cross platform file format also designed for printing.

• A bitmap image format.• TIFF supports lossless LZW compression which also

makes it a good archive format for Photoshop documents.

GIFGraphics Interchange Format

• Industry standard graphic format for on-screen viewing through the Internet and Web. Not meant to be used for printing.

• The best format for all images except scanned photographic images (use JPEG for these).

• GIF supports lossless LZW compression.

JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group

• Preferred format for scanned photographic images for use over the internet or Web. Not meant for printing.

• Not good for images with a lot of solid color, vector drawings, type, or line art or images with “Web-safe” colors.

• JPEG compression is lossy! Save and archive the original before converting to JPEG.

PDFPortable Document Format

• Developed to transfer and read documents without having to print them—the “paperless office.”

• Cross platform format that can be read with the free download Adobe Acrobat Reader.

• Can represent both vector and bitmap graphics.• Can also contain electronic document search and navigation features

as well as hypertext links.• Can be created from almost any application, but the user cannot edit or

modify the file except with Adobe Acrobat (or other software).• Document formatting, fonts, colors, etc. are maintained and appear

identical across platforms.• Excellent in the “prepress” process — can be sent to the printer, but

can also be placed in other documents.

File Format and File Size

Vector-graphics files are memory conservative. You can easily work, save, transfer, print, and archive the file in Illustrator’s native format (.ai).

To send to a PostScript printer or place in a page layout program, convert to an EPS or TIFF file; but while TIFF uses lossless compression, EPS uses lossy JPEG compression.

Bit-mapped images use a LOT of memory and, hence, a lot of disk space. The larger the file, the slower it is to edit, save, print, or send over the internet.

Work with smaller images and archive the image when not in use or use compression.

But. . . be careful with lossy compression

Work in Photoshop’s native file format (.psd) until you have to do something with the image.

Compression: to lose or not to lose?

Lossless Compressionvs.

Lossy Compression

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Lossless compression types:

• RLE (Run Length Encoding)• LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch)• Huffman• Zip

Uncompressed000000000000000000000111111111111100000000000001111111111111111111111

RLERow 1, 21:0,13:1;13:0;22:1

LZW, etc. use algorithms in addition to RLE

01010101010101010101

“Lossy” compression types:

• JPEG• Genuine Fractals• Mr. SID

Original Compressed

9:1“averaging”

In Photoshop, when you Save as… a JPEG file, you can choose the level of compression and, therefore, the size and quality of the file.

JPEG cautions:

• Images with hard edges, high contrasts, angular areas, and text suffer from JPEG compression.

• Scanned “natural” photographs do not lose much, especially at High or Maximum quality.

• Only save finished images as JPEGs, every time you open and save again, even if you don’t edit, you lose quality.

• Always keep the original non-JPEG version (the native .psd format).

So why use JPEG?

• It is the best format for photographic images on the Web.• It’s compression ability is very great.

D. Blatner and B. Fraser, 2004, Real World Adobe Photoshop CS, Peachpit Press.

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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.