FACT IDEA LEARNING ISSUES ACTION

At the start

Jimmy’s heart rate was

85 beats per minute and

he was breathing 18

breathes per minute. He

felt nervous excitement.

His mouth dry and took

one last sip of water

1. In order for his body to

gain enough oxygen and

energy, Jimmy

stretching and warm up,

2. Since the temperature of

Jimmy’s body increase,

the sweat gland become

more active to release

sweat.

3. Jimmy try to adapt to

the new environment

from relax to stress and

that’s why at this

moment the autonomic

nervous system become

active

4. The urinary system is

not active because the

bladder is closed. The

digestive system also

not active because the

peristalsis decrease

5. His blood glucose level

starts to drop.

1. What is responsible for raising

Jimmy’s heart and respiratory

rate and stimulating sweating

just before the race?

2. Why is the sympathetic

division of the autonomic

nervous system active just

before the race?

3. What changes do you think are

occurring in the digestive and

urinary systems at this time?

4. What is happening to Jimmy's

blood glucose levels just before

the race?

5. Why is Jimmy's mouth dry?

6. The salivary glands

have started to reduce

its excretion of saliva.

One minute in

Jimmy heart rate was

201 beats per minute.

He was taking 2

breathes per stroke, fast

and forced. The stroke

rate was 34 strokes per

minute and his Body

temperature was 37.5°C.

he was sweating more

and jimmy feel burning

on muscles

1. The body need more

energy to perform.

Sugar in the form of

lactose is secreted by

muscle, and once lactose

is secreted, blood sugar

in blood will lower

2. When oxygen reduces,

the carbon dioxide will

increase. Jimmy need

more oxygen for aerobic

respiration. He breath

more rapidly than.

3. Jimmy’s muscles are

experiencing sensory

information from his

nervous and the muscle

cell is accumulated with

lactic acid.

1. Rowing full speed is putting

new demands on Jimmy's

body. What are these new

demands and how does the

body respond to them?

2. What changes in Jimmy's

muscles promote unloading of

O2 from hemoglobin for use by

the muscle cells?

3. Why do Jimmy's muscles feel

like they are burning?

4. What conflict is produced

between Jimmy's need to keep

his body cool and his need to

remove nitrogenous wastes

from his blood? What did he

do before the race to help

alleviate this conflict?

At the halfway mark

He still rowing at 34

strokes per minute, now

jimmy heart rate was

180 beats per minute

and his body

temperature was 38°C.

His respiratory rate

down slightly.

1. Jimmy had decreased the

demands his muscles

were making by the end

of the first minute, and

this can be explained by

the fact that the "fight

and flight" message from

the brain had slowed

down with less

production of adrenaline,

hence less energy

demand from the

muscles.

2. Jimmy’s nervous system

changes would include

"fight and flight"

response which is usually

activated in a stressful

situation.

3. His heart and lungs have

to work over harder so it

get with the respiratory

and cardiovascular

system with the physical

strain that he is enduring,.

His brain sends signals to

the lungs to breaath faster

and deeper and the heart

1. Since the end of the first

minute, Jimmy has decreased

the demands his muscles are

making. How has he done this?

And why has he done this?

2. What are the changes in his

conditions as a result?

to beat faster. Increase

amounts of blood gets

pumped to the muscles,

carrying oxygen and

removing carbon dioxide.

4. in order to withstand the

demand of Jimmy

pushing his body to the

very limits of its

capabilities, all body’s

systems work together

Homeostasis is

maintained by negative

feedback which response

to reduce Jimmy's body

back to its original state.

At the finish

His heart rate was 208

beats per minute. He

Breathe nearly 80 times

per minute. He felt like

his arms and legs were

on fire and sweats was

pouring out of every

pore of his body. He felt

light-headed and his

body temperature was

400C.

1. Jimmy reduces his heavy

breathing since his body

needs to cool down again

to pre exercise levels, and

like heart rate, it’s a lag

time involved, so after he

stops, his breathing rate

gradually or quickly falls

but still stays high, (but

depending on his

recovery ability which is

1. Jimmy has stopped rowing and

his muscles are now at rest.

Why are his heart and

breathing rates still so high?

2. What changes have occurred to

his blood chemistry since the

start of the race? Think about

glucose levels, pH, lactate

levels, and temperature.

3. Why is he sweating more now

dependent on his fitness)

 

2. The pumping of blood to

bring oxygen to muscle

and pumping of hot blood

from muscle to the skin

are overcome by

breathing rapidly where

the heat can be dissipated

more quickly. When he

finishes the race the heart

beat slow down and

pumps less blood to the

skin. The heat

accumulated in muscle

causing blood

temperature to rise

higher. So, it can sweat

more right after finish the

race then during the race.

3. Changes occur in glucose

when the glucose level in

blood increase. It is

because the body need

energy to race so the

body used the glucose

during performed. For the

changes in pH, when

increases the muscle

than during the race?

activity, it leads to

increase the CO2 and

Hydrogen level in blood.

These chemical are

produces cell metabolism

and they lower blood pH

or increase the acidity.

Then during perform,

blood level of lactate

rises because when

exercise stop the lactate

falls much more slowly

than during the build up.

For the temperature,

working muscle will

produce heat so the body

temperature rise the race

started.

Back at the dock

His heart rate and

respiratory back to

normal and his body

temperature 37.5°C. he

felt thirsty and take

small sips of water and

his weighed 76kg.

1. The changes occur in the

last ten minutes that

allow his heart and

respiratory rates to come

down caused by the

positive feedback loop.

This loop causes

everything to return to

normal causing his heart

and respiratory rates to

1. What change have occurred in

the last 10 minutes to allow

Jimmy’s haeart and respiratory

rates to come down.

2. Why is Jimmy four pounds

lighter than at the start of the

race?

return to normal.

2. Jimmy’s mass reduced

because of the

dehydration by excessive

loss of in his body fluids

so his mass getting

lighter at the end of the

race.

3. Anti-diuretic hormone

(ADH) from his

endocrine system is

increasing to overcome

water loss. It’s produced

by the hypothalamus and

released by the pituitary.

It will signal the kidneys

tubules to absorb more

water.

4. Jimmy was dehydrated

after the race and he lost

a lot of fluid. So if he

directly drinks the water,

his muscle will contract

and give him muscle

cramping. The small sips

also allowed his body to

3. What effect has this water loss

had on his endocrine system?

4. Why did Jimmy only take sips

of water after the race? What

could happen if he drank as

much as he wanted to?

adjust to his state of

dehydration.