FIL AI E - Leading Filtration Industry Publication | Filtration … · · 2015-04-10Global Filtration Products Mgr. FLSmidth Minerals ... n many applications, stainless steel

I N T E R N A T I O N A L

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FILTRATION NEWS

May/June 2013Volume 32 No. 3

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Rosedale Products’ Versatile Basket Filters

• IDEA13 - Media Makers Congregate

• Using Algae for Filtration Needs

• Releasing Additives from Filters

• IDEA13 - Media Makers Congregate

• Using Algae for Filtration Needs

• Releasing Additives from Filters

Rosedale Products’ Versatile Basket Filters

For more information visit us atwww.ahlstrom.comEmail: [email protected]

2 • June 2013 • www.filtnews.com

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Editorial DepartmentKen Norberg, Editor in Chief, [email protected]

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Publication DataFiltration News (ISSN:1078-4136) is publishedbi-monthly by International Media Group, Inc.Printed in U.S.A., Copyright 2013.This publication has a requested and controlledsubscription circulation - controlled by the staff ofFiltration News; mailed bi-monthly as PeriodicalsPostage Paid (USPS 025-412) in Novi MI andadditional mailing offices.Filtration News is not responsible for statementspublished in this magazine. Advertisers, agenciesand contributing writers assume liability for allcontent of all submitted material printed andassume responsibility for any claims arisingthere-from made against publisher.

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IN THIS ISSUEMay/June 2013, Vol. 32, No. 3

Cover Story | Rosedale Products, Inc.

Versatile Basket Filters 6

Report | IDEA13

Bright IDEA for Media Makers 10

Natural Filtration | Algae

The Future of Fuel? 18

Filter | Additives

Extending Diesel Engine Oil Changes Using a Controlled Release Additive System Integrated in the Oil Filter 26

Air | Filtration

The Evolution of Air Filtration Test Methods Employed in QA/QC Programs 30

Specialized Filtration Required for Preservation Environments 34

Specialty Fibers | Filtration

Conductive and Heat-Resistant Fibers for Performance Markets 38

Solids | Recovery

Tips on Recovering Solids in Liquid Filtration 44

Industry | Events

Record Number of Exhibitor Registrations for FILTECH 2013 46

AFS Returned to Minneapolis in 2013 48

Purolator Advanced Filtration Awarded AFS New Product of the Year 49

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Editorial Advisory Board

Editorial Board ChairmanEdward C. Gregor, ChairmanE.C. Gregor & Assoc. LLCTel: 1 704 442 1940Fax: 1 704 442 [email protected]&A, Filtration Media

Haluk Alper, PresidentMyCelx Technologies Corp.Tel: 1 770 534 3118Fax: 1 770 534 [email protected] Removal – Water and Air

Jim JosephJoseph MarketingTel/Fax: 1 757 565 [email protected] Filtration

Robert W. McilvaineTel: 1 847 272 0010Fax: 1 847 272 [email protected]. Research & Tech. Analysis

Dr. Graham RidealWhitehouse Scientific Ltd.Tel: +44 1244 33 26 26Fax: +44 1244 33 50 [email protected] and Media Validation

Tony ShucoskyPall MicroelectronicsTel: 1 410 252 0800Fax: 1 410 252 [email protected], Filter Media,Membranes

Scott P. YaegerFiltration and SeparationTechnology LLCTel/Fax: 1 219 324 3786Mobile: 1 805 377 [email protected], New Techn.

Mark VanoverBayer MaterialScience LLCKey Account ManagerTel: 1 314 591 1792Email:[email protected] Systems

Dr. Bob BaumannAdvisory Board Member Emeritus

Andy RosolGlobal Filtration Products Mgr.FLSmidth [email protected]: 1 800 826 6461/1 801 526 2005Precoat/Bodyfeed Filter Aids

Clint ScobleFilter Media Services, LLCOffice: 1 513 528 0172Fax: 1 513 624 [email protected] Filters , Filter Media, Baghouse Maintenance

Gregg PoppeThe Dow Chemical CompanyTel: 1 952 897 4317Fax: 1 942 835 [email protected] Water, Power,and Membrane Technology

Henry Nowicki, Ph.D. MBATel: 1 724 457 6576Fax: 1 724 457 [email protected] Carbons Testing,R&D, Consulting, Training

Brandon Ost, CEOFiltration GroupHigh Purity Prod. Div.Tel: 1 630 723 [email protected] Filters, Pharmaceuticaland Micro-Electronic

Dr. Ernest Mayer E. Mayer Filtration Consulting, LLC Tel: 1 302 981 8060Fax: 1 302 368 [email protected]

Wu ChenThe Dow Chemical CompanyTel: 1 979 238 [email protected] Filtration (liquid/gas)Equipment and Media

Peter R. Johnston, PETel/Fax: 1 919 942 [email protected] procedures

Peter S. Cartwright, PECartwright Consulting Co.Tel: 1 952 854 4911Fax: 1 952 854 [email protected], RO,Ultrafiltration


Cover Story | Rosedale Products, Inc.

n many applications, stainless steelbaskets are a good alternative to re-place filter bags and other media.

Fruit juice pulp straining, coarse filtra-tion in meat packaging plants, water in-take strainers, and spray nozzleprotection, have all been ideal basketfilter applications. Filter baskets mayseem old fashioned, but there are manydesign innovations to consider. Ulti-mately, basket selection varies greatly,depending on the application. Considerthe following options:

WIRE MESH BASKETSWire clothed lined baskets are the

tried and true strainer that all of usknow. They use wire cloth as the filtermedium and can be physically from thesize of a coffee cup to the size of a 55-gallon drum.

The wire cloth has a mesh count ormesh size, which is the number ofwires running horizontally and verti-

cally per square inch. For example, a10-mesh screen means it has 10 wiresper square inch as noted. The resultingopening is the micron rating.

Traditionally, basket strainers haveused square weave wire cloth as the fil-ter media for coarse filtration down to50u or openings of about 0.002 inches,and twilled weaves are for finer mesh

to 5 microns ( 0.0002”). As a rule, wiremesh is manually cleanable in weavescoarser than 75u (200 mesh or0.0003”) and the finer grades requirechemical or ultrasonic cleaning.

NEW HIGH GRADE SINTERED MESHThese baskets have multiple layers of

stainless steel wire-woven cloth, diffusionbonded together for increased strength,corrosion resistance, and long life.

One-piece construction for ease inhandling, no need for a perforatedbasket for support, no need for a bagfor filtration, the basket becomes thefilter media.

FEATURES• All 316 stainless steel construction • 10-150 micron ratings• TIG welded construction for long life

WEDGE WIRE STRAINER BASKETSWedge wire (WW) or slotted, is very

durable back washable media. They arestrictly limited to .001” slot or 25 mi-cron as the lowest retention rating.

Versatile Basket FiltersBy Dan Morosky, Rosedale Products, Inc.

IRosedale Products’ line of stainless steel baskets

Wire mesh basket

Five layers of stainless steel wire-woven cloth

Wedge wire media

Wedge wire is particularly suited forcritical low maintenance applications.As a result of their construction, theyare used in many instances where man-ual cleaning is necessary but mightdamage other types of media.

SORBENT MEDIA CONTAINMENTA combination carbon adsorption

and downstream filtering unit can beordered. Available in the larger single-basket and all multi-basket vessels, itpositions the carbon-holding basket in-side a larger filter bag-holding basket.A variety of filter bag media is offered.

RS Style For Recirculating SystemsFlow enters from the

top, into a perforatedcylinder around which ispacked activated carbon.Flow moves radiallythrough the carbon andexits through the sidewall, which is perforatedand lined with 100-meshscreen.

SP Style For Single-Pass (1-Time) ProcessingFlow enters from the top

through a perforated coverand into the activated carbonbed. Flow moves downthrough the carbon and exitsthrough the bottom plate,which is perforated and linedwith 100-mesh screen.

BAG TO “STICK” CONVERSIONTurn Bag Housings Into Cartridge

Filters. Basket holds cartridges inside abag housing!

Rosedale’s bagfilter converter canbe quickly con-verted to a cartridgefilter. Simply put,there are applica-tions that call for abag filter and othersthat call for a car-tridge filter. Untilnow, it wasn’t veryeasy to change be-tween the two.

If it becomes necessary to changefrom bags to cartridges – install theRosedale ConverterBasket.• Remove the original basket

• Install the new converter basket

• Load the cartridges• Unique design prevents clean side contamination by removing basket from housing before removing cartridges from converter.

Users now have a cartridge filterable to utilize any standard cartridge.Baskets fit standard models 4-12, 8-15,and 8-30 housings. Construction mate-rials are either 304 stainless or 316stainless steel.

BAG TO LARGE DIAMETER CARTRIDGE Existing installations can easily

convert to a single housing by in-stalling the Rosedale adaptor basket.

This is accomplished by replacingthe perforated filter basket with theadaptor. The solid side basket acceptsthe new cartridge and directs the flowthrough the unit.

CONE BASKETS Cone baskets are valuable when a

large filtering area is needed in asmall space. They are available as abasket within a basket, or a bagwithin a basket.

Cone baskets are widely used for fil-tration of solid particles in pharmaceu-tical, chemical, and food industries.

INNER BASKETSModel 8 and any of the multi-basket

or multi-bag units can be fitted withs m a l l e r ,inner basketstrainers orbag filters,t h r o u g hwhich the in-coming fluidflows first,giving two-stage clean-ing action.Inner bas-kets andbags are of-fered in the same construction materi-als and ratings as those of the primaryouter elements.

www.filtnews.com • June 2013 • 7

Bag to stick con-version basket

Inner basket strainersor filters

Bag to large

For more information contact:Rosedale Products, Inc.3730 W. Liberty RoadAnn Arbor, MI 48103

Tel: 800-821-5373 / 734-665-8201 Fax: 734-665-2214

Email: [email protected] Website: www.rosedaleproducts.com

FN


Report | IDEA13

NDA’S 2013 nonwovens show was aplatform for advanced filtration con-cepts across a range of industries.Filter manufacturer Donaldson,

headquartered in Minneapolis, Minn.,has recently published statistics onthe global filtration market which itestimates now has an annual value of$50 billion.

The market for engine protectionwithin this – in which Donaldson hasa leading position – is certainly con-siderable and worth an annual $8 bil-

lion. But it is eclipsed by that of waterfiltration, which is worth $10 billionin 2013, and likely to become veryconsiderable indeed in the comingyears. There are many nonwovenmedia developments currently under-way in this area.

Ahlstrom, for example has just en-tered into a collaboration agreementwith Dow Water & Process Solutions(DW&PS), a business unit of DowChemical, to use Disruptor nanoalu-mina filtration technology in drinking

water applications. DW&PS will incorporate Disruptor

filter media into a new set of drinkingwater purification products, whichprovide excellent pathogen rejectionwhile operating at high flow and lowpressure.

“One of the key goals in our productdevelopment is to create products thatpurify air and liquids in a sustainableway,” said Fulvio Capussotti, executivevice president at Ahlstrom AdvancedFiltration.

Bright IDEA for Media MakersBy Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent

I

Pictured receiving their Innovation Award for NanoWave filter media are Angelika Mayman and Eric Westgate ofHollingsworth & Vose, from Dave Rousse, INDA President, (left) and Rod Zilenziger of Nonwovens Industry (right).

Xinxiang Tiancheng Aviation Purification Equipments Co. Ltd.

Our company specializes in designing & manufacturing and supplying many kinds of filters,

complete filtrating equipments and their elements with different materials according to your

drawings or new & old samples.

Xinxiang Tiancheng Aviation Purification Equipments Co. Ltd.No. 1, Chuanye Road, Dvelopment Area, Xinxiang City 453003, Henan

P.R. China

Contact Person in China: Mr. Li Minghao

Tel: +86-13673735086 Fax: +86-373-3520026 Website: www.tchkjh.comEmail: [email protected] • [email protected]

Contact Person in USA: Mr Liu Shengyuan

Tel: 4015881868 • [email protected]

For airplane For special vehicle

For coal machinery

For fluid cleaning systemFor dust collector of cement industry

For ultrafilter


Ahlstrom Disruptor virtually re-moves all microorganisms that cancause sickness. Its combination of largepore size and very high electrical attrac-tion potential enable the efficient re-moval of virus-sized particles at a highflow rate at very low pressure. It can beutilized in a number of drinking waterapplications, such as under-the-sinkpurification, tap water filters and waterpitcher filters. It can also be used in

areas with no electricity, requires no useof chemicals and does not generatewastewater.

“Global trends such as populationgrowth and urbanization put pressureon already strained water sources,”added Snehal Desai, global business di-rector for DW&PS. “We see a real needfor new innovations to expand accessto clean, safe drinking water in an easy,effective and sustainable way. Our col-

laboration with Ahlstrom extends ourproduct offering to people who need ef-fective water treatment but may nothave access to pumps or electricity.”

AUTOMOTIVE POTENTIALSeparately, the automotive air filtra-

tion market is worth around a further$3 billion according to Donaldson. Atthis year’s IDEA nonwovens show inMiami in April, Dave Rousse, president

Report | IDEA13

of INDA – the Association of the Non-woven Fabrics industry based in Cary,North Carolina, which organizes theIDEA shows – had some interesting ob-servations to make about the growingpotential for engineered fabrics in filtermedia for the automotive field.

In the U.S., double-digit sales during2012 were reported by Chrysler, Gen-eral Motors and Ford, coupled witheven stronger North American growth

by Toyota and Honda. This follows aresurgence in the USA in 2011, withgrowth of 11.5% achieved in the pro-duction of over 8.6 million vehicles, ac-cording to OICA – OrganisationInternationale des Constructeurs d’Au-tomobiles – the international organiza-tion of motor vehicles. In 2012, theU.S. produced 10.3 million cars andlight vehicles, having previouslyreached a record in 2007 of 15 million

such vehicles produced.“The automotive sector is one of the

positive drivers of the North Americaneconomy right now, along with hous-ing,” said Rousse. “Both sectors wereseverely impacted by the downturn, sotheir year-on-year improvements aresteeper than other sectors of the econ-omy, which are more tepid. We are alsoseeing a significant new interest inmanufacturing overall in the U.S. due


Cyphrex (large photo) successfully combines polyester and cellulose microfibers.

The Eastman Cyphrex team in Miami (above, left to right), Eastman’s CTO Greg Nelson, Technology Director Mark Clark and Vice President of Innovation, Marketing and Sales Tim Dell.


Report | IDEA13

to the dramatic impact of low energycosts. The fracking of North Americanshale to get both oil and natural gas hasbeen a game changer. Energy costs inNorth America now are about half ofEurope, so even with labor costs at par-ity, manufacturing here is going to beon the increase for years. And ourmembers will benefit.”

He added that another significantdevelopment was the World HealthOrganization declaring diesel fumescarcinogenic to human health in Junelast year.

“This is something all of the regula-tory bodies worldwide will have toreact to, sooner, rather than later,” saidMr. Rousse. “It’s a colossal opportunityfor nonwoven filter media suppliers asfar as we can see, because if high per-formance is mandated, then the highprice for products will be there too.”

CAPTIMAX WITH CYPHREXAn interesting new product in this

area is Ahlstrom’s Captimax media forfuel filters in passenger and commer-cial heavy-duty vehicles and off-roadmachinery.

Also being evaluated for use in otherapplications such as hydraulic and fuelwater separation, Captimax is based onEastman’s new Cyphrex polyester andcellulose microfibers.

“Eastman Cyphrex microfibers pro-vide the potential for a unique, game-

changing fiber tool kit,” said EastmanCyphrex Technology Director MarkClark. “They offer tunable propertiesin respect of the size, shape and mate-rial that provide wetlaid nonwovenproducers with competitive advan-tages that aren’t currently available.They have demonstrated nearly drop-in compatibility with existing wetlaidnonwoven processes and potential ini-tial uses are in air, water or fuel filtra-tion, specialty papers and batteryseparators.”

The first result from Ahlstrom is afilter media that allows manufacturersto obtain optimum micron efficiencyratings and dust holding capacitywithout making compromises.

Captimax provides a balance of ex-cellent small-particle retention and thepotential for longer product life. Themedia also lets fuel filtration systemsuppliers maintain existing capacitylevels but reduce the product size. Inaddition, it can allow for increased ef-ficiency with better options to filterfine particles to protect fuel injectorsin vehicles and machines.

“Captimax media offers both highefficiency and high capacity,” saidGary Blevins, vice president of mar-keting and commercial for Ahlstrom’sTransportation Filtration business.“We’re giving our customers the abil-ity to make filters to the specificationsthey need, allowing them to develop

products outside the standard con-straints of the media.”

CHINA GROWTHFreudenberg is another key player

in the nonwoven filter media marketand has just announced a new $5.8million production site in Chengdu,Sichuan Province, China, in responseto the growing demand for automotivefilters in that region, with its partnerJapan Vilene.

“Together we will deliver state-of-the-art filtration technology to thegrowing automotive industry inChengdu with companies like Volkswa-gen and Geely Volvo,” said Dr. JörgSievert, member of the managementboard of Freudenberg Filtration Tech-nologies, which already has plants inChangchun and Suzhou and firststarted production in China in 1998.

Sixty employees will work at thenew site – which will produce bothengine air intake filters and micron-Air cabin air filters – by the end of2013. By establishing the new pro-duction site in Xindu, Freudenberg isscaling up domestic production ca-pacity substantially.

Major car manufacturers includingFirst Automotive Works Volkswagenand Geely Volvo have sited their man-ufacturing plants in the Chengdu areaand vehicle production in the region isexpected to increase substantially, from

The structure of H&V’s award-winning NanoWave greatly enhances dust-holding capacity.

TUpdate or list your company in our 2013 Buyers’ Guide.Deadline is May 31.

Email: [email protected]: www.filtnews.com/buyersguideFN.html


Report | IDEA131.8 million units in 2011 to 3 millionunits in 2015.

NANOWAVE RECOGNITIONIn the field of HVAC – a global mar-

ket Donaldson estimates is now worthan annual $5 billion – Hollingsworth &Vose received INDA’s Innovation Awardin the Roll-Goods category for itsNanoWave filter media at IDEA.

NanoWave is an extended surfacearea, multi-layer filtration media forHVAC applications. Using nano andcoarse fiber layers, it is said to deliver2.4 times the surface area of normalflat sheet media. The waved nanofiberlayer allows for maximum mechani-cal efficiency with very low resist-ance, while more than doublingdust-holding capacity compared tostandard synthetic media. Describedas a ‘green’ product, NanoWave iscomposed of a single polymer andcan be incinerated to regain energy.

NanoWave pocket filters achieve thehighest filtration performance anddeliver superior air quality. Otheruses for NanoWave include residen-tial filtration, liquid filtration and gasturbine intake air filtration.

“We are especially pleased to receivethe IDEA13 Achievement Award becausethe industry selected NanoWave after aperiod of online voting,” said MikeClark, H&V’s HESF division president.“H&V was founded on a patent and weare honored to be recognized by ourpeers for our most recent innovation.”

SAWASCREENAnother Innovation Award winner

was Germany’s Sandler, for its BioTextile biowipes substrate. Specifi-cally for the filtration market, Sandlerprovides media for classes G3 to E11,with synthetic sawascreen pocket fil-ter media comprising fibers of lessthan 1µm to achieve high efficiencies

INDA’s outgoing President RoryHolmes received a Lifetime Achieve-ment Award from the organization during the show.

Update or list your company in our 2013 Buyers’ Guide.Deadline is May 31.

Email: [email protected]: www.filtnews.com/buyersguideFN.html

and high dust holding capacity. The fine fibers create a large filtra-

tion surface, boosting mechanical effi-ciency that does not decrease, evenafter discharge.

The progressively structured filtermedia feature a low average pressuredrop, reducing energy consumptionduring operation of the filtration plant.

For small installation spaces,pleatable Sandler sawascreen pleat fil-ter media feature a uniform, length-wise oriented fiber structure for highmechanical stability and they can beeasily manufactured with all commonpleating processes. The stability ofthe pleats is unaffected by pressure orother mechanical influences, as wellas moisture.

RECORD BREAKERIDEA13 was held April 22-25,

2013, in Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.,featuring 483 exhibiting companiesand drawing close to 7,000 attendeesfrom 72 countries.

“IDEA13 was a record-breaking

event and one of the most successfulIDEA shows ever,” said DaveRousse. “The continued strong par-ticipation of international exhibitorsand attendees is proof of the show’simportance within the internationalnonwovens/engineered fabrics com-munity.”

In addition to attendees and ex-hibitors on the show floor, manymore were doing business at nearbyhotels and at over 50 on-site meetingrooms utilized by the leading compa-nies for their business discussions.The well-attended conference ses-sions focused on regional global mar-kets, trends and forecasts with aninsightful look into the engineeredfabrics markets in North America,South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific,China and India.

The IDEA Achievement Awardswere presented to the best new prod-ucts during the last three years, inthe following five categories: Equip-ment, Raw Materials, Roll Goods,Short-Life End Product and Long-

Life End Product.

The five winners were:

• Machinery/Equipment: ITW Dynatec – Surge adhesive applicator

• Raw Materials: Sandler AG – Bio Textile Bio-wipes Substrate

• Roll Goods: Hollingsworth & Vose –NanoWave filtration media

• Converted Product: ITW Dymon –Raptor Safe-T Wipe (substance activated fast evaluation technology)

• Long-Life Converted Product: Hunter Douglas – DuoTone Honeycomb window shade

In addition, the IDEA13 Entrepre-neur Achievement Award was pre-sented to Suominen Nonwovens andthe Lifetime Achievement Award waspresented to Rory Holmes, past Presi-dent of INDA.

INDA will stage its Filtration Inter-national Conference and Exposition atNavy Pier in Chicago from November12-14, 2013.


FN



ndustrially cultivated algae may oneday prove the most suitable replace-ment for oil. In the nearer-term, a

natural filtration system developed forthis burgeoning industry could beequally useful in purifying the waterused in today’s growing oil and gas

fracking sectorMuch of the world’s petroleum is ac-

tually made up of algae that have de-composed over hundreds of millions ofyears. But extracting and burning thatoil as fuel today releases carbon dioxideabsorbed long ago into the atmosphere.

This ‘carbon positive’ effect is a keycontributor to global warming.

By contrast, industrially-cultivatedalgae is capable of absorbing CO2from the atmosphere, or in more con-centrated form, directly from CO2sources such as power plants, factories

The Future of Fuel?By Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent

I

Algae are a diverse group of organisms considered simple plants since they photosynthesize, and they use carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight for energy and growth. Like plants, they also giveoff oxygen that fish can use to breathe.

and refineries. This is because the burning of freshly pro-duced algae oil releases only what it absorbed in the firstplace. The result is a balanced ‘carbon neutral’ impact.

In the right environment, fresh algae cells grow and di-vide exponentially, doubling every few hours, while ab-sorbing all available nutrients, CO2 and light energy.Instead of waiting hundreds of millions of years for algae

Algae are a diverse group of organisms considered simple plants since they photosynthesize, and they use carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight for energy and growth. Like plants, they also giveoff oxygen that fish can use to breathe.



to become oil, industrial processes cantransform algae into oil in a matter ofdays, it’s now believed. And only by in-dustrializing the manufacture of suchnew oil can the current and future de-mands of global industrialization bemet, according to proponents of theburgeoning algae technology.

Biofuels derived from crops such ascorn, sugarcane, rapeseed and palm,by contrast, require vast amounts ofresources in terms of water and land,and also a great deal of energy fortheir conversion.

NASA OMEGA PROJECTThe closed life support systems used

on the International Space Station thatoptimize the use of resources and min-

imize waste were what first got NASAscientists interested in the potential ofalgae as a fuel.

The resulting Offshore MembraneEnclosures for Growing Algae(OMEGA) system has subsequentlybeen developed to grow algae, cleanwastewater, capture carbon dioxide andultimately produce biofuel withoutcompeting with agriculture for water,fertilizer or land.

The system consists of large flexiblephoto bioreactor containing fast-grow-ing freshwater algae growing in waste-water and floating on seawater.

The algae draws on energy from thesun, carbon dioxide and nutrients fromthe wastewater to produce biomass thatcan be converted into biofuels as well

as other useful products such as fertil-izer and animal food. The algae cleanthe wastewater by removing nutrientsthat otherwise would contribute to ma-rine dead zone formation.

NASA’s project goals were to investi-gate the technical feasibility of a uniquefloating algae cultivation system andprepare the way for commercial appli-cations. Research by scientists and en-gineers has demonstrated that OMEGAis an effective way to grow microalgaeand treat wastewater on a small scale.The system is initially being investi-gated as an alternative way to produceaviation fuels, with the implication ofreplacing fossil fuels in the longer term.

NASA first installed a small-scaleOMEGA system at the California Fish

OriginOil’s Single Step Extraction technology for the algae industry.

and Game laboratory in Santa Cruz,California, and then scaled up to a 450-gallon system at the Southeast Waste-water Treatment facility in SanFrancisco. Potential commercial appli-cations are now being explored withvarious companies.

“We’ve addressed some of the moredaunting technological problems forimplementing OMEGA,” said projectscientist Jonathan Trent. “Now thehope is that other organizations and in-dustries will realize the potential of theOMEGA technology for wastewatertreatment and ultimately to producesustainable biofuels,” he said.

CHALLENGESThere are three primary challenges

to cost-effective algae production, ac-cording to technology developer Orig-inOil, based in Los Angeles:

• Algae grow suspended in large vol-umes of water and using conventional

methods, a mature culture must beconcentrated before oil can be ex-tracted from each cell. This de-wateringstage is energy-intensive, and typicallyrequires chemical additives and expen-sive capital equipment.

• Algae are protected by a tough cellwall, which has to be cracked – an en-

ergy-intensive process – to extract theoil. The challenge is to maximize oilyield by ‘cracking’ as many of the algaecells as possible with the smallestamount of energy.

• The production is energy-inten-sive. In order to achieve economic via-bility, it is critical that energy is

The benefits of the Single Step Extraction algae dewatering process.



recovered in every possible way. In ad-dition to oil and biomass, algae producevaluable gases, including hydrogen.

These must be harvested to achieve thebest possible energy balance.

OriginOil’s suite of patent-pendingtechnologies and process innovationsintends to address these specific obsta-cles. The company’s Single Step Extrac-tion process is chemical-free,low-energy, high-flow and low-cost anddoes more than dewater – it can rup-ture tough algae cell walls (via aprocess called ‘lysing’) to free up theoils and other valuable cellular compo-nents that downstream processes canseparate out.

The process exploits the high sen-sitivity of algae to electromagneticwaves and generates precisely tunedwave patterns that cause the algae tocome out of solution and to rupture.

After pre-conditioning with natu-ral metabolites, the algae travelthrough long, specially designedtubes as they gradually come out ofsolution and leave a highly concen-trated algae form that can beprocessed. In comparison, the com-pany points out that membrane filtra-tion technology is capital-intensive

The principle of NASA’s OMEGA algae cultivation system.


and maintenance costs can also behigh. Centrifuges are also very expen-sive when used to dewater completelydiluted algae. Chemical treatmentshave to be replenished and effluentwater must be treated before it can bereused, while mechanical systems arealso both energy and cost-intensive.

CLEAN-FRACHaving looked to the future, how-

ever, OriginOil has realized there is amuch more immediate opportunityfor its Single Step Extraction technol-ogy – the removal of the carbon con-taminants in the dirty frac flowbackwater produced by the oil and gas

mining industries.Hydraulic fracturing – fracking –

involves the high-pressure pumpingof a mixture of water, sand andchemicals into underground gas-bearing beds of shale rock. The ef-fect is to shatter the shale and allowthe gas to escape, and in the U.S. thetechnology has undergone a dra-matic expansion, which has alreadyled to a substantial fall in gas prices.

Under extreme high hydraulicpressure, frac fluids (such as distil-late, diesel fuel, crude oil, dilute hy-drochloric acid, water, or kerosene)are pumped down through produc-tion tubing or drill pipes and forced

out again. The pressure causes cracks to

open in the formation and the fluidpenetrates the formation through thecracks. Sand grains, aluminum pel-lets, walnut shells, or similar materi-als – propping agents – are carried insuspension by the fluid into thecracks. When the pressure is releasedat the surface, the frac fluid returnsto the well but leaves behind thesepropping agents to keep the forma-tion cracks open. The fluid used forpenetration of the frac must be cleanand cannot contain sand or other or-ganics that may be harmful for eitherthe process or the environment. The


Organizations like Greenpeace oppose fracking, believing it diverts from real solutions – such as energy efficiency and re-newables – and that the full effects on the environment and health have not been fully investigated or addressed. Many con-cerns have also been raised about its potential to contaminate water supplies. Illustration courtesy of The Checks andBalances Project, a U.S. government and industry watchdog group.


used frac fluids also subsequentlyhave to be cleaned.

WATER CONSUMPTIONWater is by far the largest compo-

nent of fracking fluids. It has been esti-mated that an initial drilling operationitself may consume from 6,000 to600,00 gallons of fracking fluids, butover its lifetime an average well may re-quire up to an additional five milliongallons of water for full operation.

It has been further estimated thatthe amount of water needed to drill andfracture a horizontal shale gas well gen-erally ranges from between two andfour million gallons, depending on thebasin and formation characteristics.

The extraction of so much water forfracking has raised concerns about theecological impacts to aquatic resources,as well as the potential dewatering ofdrinking water aquifers. In addition,the transportation of a million gallonsof water, whether fresh or waste water,requires hundreds of truck trips, in-

creasing the greenhouse gas footprintof oil and gas and contributing to airpollution.

CHEMICAL-FREE POTENTIALThis is where OriginOil is sensing

huge potential. Its Clean-Frac system,adapted from its Single Step Extrac-tion technology for the algae industry,is a chemical free, continuous processthat employs low-energy technologiesto decontaminate produced or ‘fracflowback’ water. It removes oils, sus-pended solids, insoluble organics andbacteria as the first stage of anymulti-stage water treatment systemdesigned for recycling or purifying todrinking water.

The company’s Clean-Frac Model60K is designed to process producedor frac flowback water at a continu-ous flow rate of one barrel per minuteor 60,000 gallons a day in continuousoperation. It can be designed to bemounted in a container, on a traileror as a fixed configuration.

“The U.S. will overtake Saudi Ara-bia to become the world’s biggest oilproducer before 2020, and could beenergy independent by 2030,” saysOriginOil President and CEO RiggsEckelberry. “And with that, our coun-try’s CO2 emissions have fallen dra-matically, to a 20-year low. All this isbeing driven by the fracking revolu-tion. We’re excited by the estimatedindustry numbers that show that treat-ing water for reuse typically costs 21to 26 cents per gallon, while even the‘cheap’ option of trucking the wateroffsite costs 11 cents per gallon ormore. By combining our high-speedprocess with other innovations, we be-lieve producers could see the cost oftreatment go down to just seven centsper gallon. Cheaper than trucking isquite an exciting possibility.”

Testing has already proved thatOriginOil’s system reduces total or-ganics as measured by Chemical Oxy-gen Demand (COD) by over 98% in amatter of minutes, and is ongoing. FN


n most large heavy-duty long haulfleets, oil analysis has been used formany years to determine the opti-

mum oil change interval and also in-dentify potential engine maintenance orwear issues. With their steady dutycycle, the factor in long haul trucks thattypically defines the oil change intervalis an increase in the acidity level of theoil, measured by both TAN (Total AcidNumber) and TBN (Total Base Number;this is reserve alkalinity to neutralizeacids) and also increase in oil oxidation.By re-additizing the oil at a very con-trolled release rate, utilizing both over-based detergents and antioxidants, it ispossible to neutralize the acid produc-tion and reduce oxidation, significantlyextending the oil change interval.

The cause of oil degradation is de-pendent upon a number of factors, in-cluding engine design, lubricant quality,and severity of duty cycle and fuel sulfurlevels. The design of the diesel enginehas undergone significant changes overthe past couple of decades in order tomeet ever-increasing emissions regula-tions. Particularly in 2007, some of thecombustion strategies have used highamounts of EGR to control NOx emis-sions. This had increased soot, oxida-tion, and acid levels in the oil. The CJ-4oil category was tied to these engine de-sign changes in order to help reducesome of the effects. More recently withthe 2010 emissions requirements, SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) exhaustafter-treatment, which utilized an am-

monia based catalyst agent, is beingused to control NOx along with lowerpercentages of EGR.

The EGR’s resulting impact on the oilcan have various detrimental effects onthe engine. Specifically, the increased lev-els of soot in the oil will both increase theviscosity of the oil and can cause in-creased engine wear, especially at bound-ary lubrication areas such as the valvetrain. The soot may also agglomerate andcause premature filter plugging. Secondly,higher lubricant sump temperatures canincrease the rate of oxidation, creatingweak acids, carbon deposits and sludgethat can lead to bearing corrosion. Addi-tionally, the acidic blow-by gases increasethe acidity of the oil and can cause corro-sion of engine components such as cylin-

Filter | Additives

Extending Diesel Engine Oil ChangesUsing a Controlled Release Additive System Integrated in the Oil Filter By Gary Bilski, Chief Engineer, FRAM Filtration, Perrysburg, Ohio

Figure 1 - Additive Filter Design

I


der liners, bearings, and piston rings.There are several engine dynamometertests that oil formulators use to evaluatethe lubricants for these conditions. TheMack T11, Cummins ISM, and Mack T12are the most common tests used.

While the formulation of the CJ-4Lubricant has addressed these effects,oil analysis did indicate that some en-gines with higher EGR levels still re-quired reduced oil change intervalsbased on the TAN, TBN, and Oxidationlevels. While simply increasing theoverbased detergent and antioxidantlevel in the blended oil would seem thesimplest solution, constraints exist dueto specified maximum initial ash levelscaused by the overbased detergents. Ad-ditionally, high initial levels of antioxi-dants may not provide linear benefits.Therefore, a filter was developed thatwould slowly release these two criticaladditives in the oil at a controlled rateto achieve the optimum benefits.

CONTROLLED RELEASE RATE DESIGNThe first mode of attaining effective ad-

ditization was to use a concentrated blendof overbased detergents and antioxidantsin fluid form. A method was then requiredthat would both inject the additives intothe oil stream and precisely control the ex-tremely low additive injection rate. Twobasic fluid dynamic principals were usedto develop this system.

For the power source, Bernoulli’sTheorem was utilized. Stagnation pres-sure created by oil flowing over an opentube creates pressure in the tube. This isthe same principal as seen in a pitot tube;however in a pitot tube the pressure isusually measured to calculate velocity, asapplied to measure speed in aircraft. Thispressure will now be used to producepower and create flow.

Through the use of a simplified ver-sion of Bernoulli’s equation, pressure inthe tube can be calculated knowing thevelocity and density of fluid flowingpast the tube:

Where:SP = Stagnation Pressure�r = density of fluidV = Velocity of Fluid

The second fluid principal is utilizedto control the release rate of additive.The dimensions of a small meteringtube, used to provide the desired flowrate of additive, can be derived usingDarcy’s formula:

Where:Q = rate of flow (additive release

rate desired)= Pressure differential across the tube (Stagnation Pressure)

d = internal diameter of the metering tube

µ = absolute (dynamic) viscosity of the additive

L = Length of metering tube

FILTER DESIGNUtilizing these basic fluid flow

principals, a design was created inwhich a basket containing the addi-tive package was integrated into astandard lube filter. As shown in Fig-ure 1, the stagnation tube is located


Filter | Additives

on the side of the basket pointing up-ward toward the inlet of oil flow. Theclearance between the basket OD andfilter body wall is determined, and byknowing the flow rate of oil throughthe filter, the velocity of the oil overthe stagnation tube can be calcu-lated. This can then be used to calcu-late the pressure created in the basketusing Bernoulli’s equation.

Shown in Figure 1 is a long nar-

row metering tube with one endopen near the bottom of the basketand the other end protrudingthrough the basket wall and shieldedby a small molded cover. The pres-sure created in the basket by the stag-nation tube pushes the additivethrough the metering tube and out ofthe basket, back into the oil flow atthe desired additive flow rate. Thelength and ID of the tube are derived

using Darcy’s equation as discussedabove.

The engine oil flow rate is con-trolled by the rpm of the engine andthus is not constant. Therefore, thestagnation pressure will likewisechange, affecting the additive flowrate. Depending on the duty cycle ofthe vehicle, this range of engine con-ditions can be averaged to determinethe necessary release rate over time.

Figure 2 - Oxidation Measurements during Mack T11 test Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7Figure 4 - ASTM D4739 TBN and D664 TAN measurementsduring Mack T-12 test

Figure 3 - Lead wear levels during Mack T-11 test

LAB TEST VALIDATIONTo prove the effectiveness of the

controlled release of additives, bothlaboratory and field-testing wereconducted.

The laboratory testing involvedstandard engine dynamometer tests,used to certify that oils meet enginemanufacturers and API requirements.The Mack T11 and T12 tests wereused, and measurements of oxida-tion, soot generation, TAN, TBN,bearing weight loss, and engine wearmetals were recorded. First, baselinetests using standard CJ-4 oil werecarried out. The same tests were thenrun utilizing the re-additization filterwith the identical CJ-4 oil. Figures 2– 4 show the comparison betweenbaseline and re-additization tests foroxidation, lead wear rates, andTBN/TAN levels. In all cases the re-additized filter showed significantlevels of improvement.

FIELD TEST VALIDATIONTo validate the functionality of the

re-additization system during actualvehicle operating conditions, a com-mercial fleet of long haultractor/trailers using 2005 – 2006Volvo D-12 engines was used. Ap-proximately half of the fleet usedstandard filters with either CI-4 orCJ-4 oil, while the other half of thefleet used additized filters. The vehi-cles with standard filters ran to an oildrain interval of 40,000 miles, com-pared to the vehicles with the addi-tized filters, which were run to50,000 miles. Figure 5 shows the re-sults of the TBN/TAN measurementsat various mileage intervals duringthe runs for the CJ-4 oil. Figure 6and Figure 7 display the iron andlead contents in the oil for CJ-4 oil.

CONCLUSIONThe lab and field-testing demon-

strated that the oil drain intervals incertain duty cycle diesel enginescould be extended, with the use ofthis controlled release rate additivefilter design. In vehicles using the ad-ditized oil filter the TBN/TABcrossover point (often used as refer-ence point for end of oil useful life)

shifted from 22,000 miles to about34,000 miles. Additionally, the wearlevels of iron and lead were lower invehicles using the additized filter, ascompared to those with the standardfilter, throughout the mileage range.

These filters are commercially

available and sold under the FRAM®and Luberfiner® Heavy Duty TRT™Filter brands. They are currentlybeing successfully used on a largecommercial fleet.

REFERENCE SAE paper 2008-01-2644.


Read International Filtration News online at www.filtnews.com

FN

Air | Filtration

he first time ETS was commis-sioned to conduct a compre-hensive, in depth, Quality

Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)program on air filtration media andbags was in the 1970s. A very largeelectric utility facility elected to employa reverse air baghouse using wovenfiberglass bags. The test program in-cluded measuring permeability andstrength. Ironically, filtration perform-ance was not included. While there ex-isted ASTM International (formerlyknown as the American Society forTesting and Materials) test methods for

permeability and strength, no generallyaccepted method had been publishedfor filtration performance testing at thattime and it would be decades beforeone evolved. The utility baghouse wasthe largest baghouse system built up tothat time and therefore there was agreat deal at stake for both the utilityand the baghouse vendor. Given thelarge number of bags involved and theamount of fabric required, the fabricwas produced and coated in separatebatches. The QA/QC program identi-fied a bad coating batch in the middleof production. This batch was then re-

jected and replaced. The cost of theQA/QC program was a only a few per-cent of the bag set cost, thus the bag-house vendor and the utility found thisprogram well worth including.

The tightening of the air emissioncodes and the focus on fine particleshave driven the need for inclusion offiltration performance testing as an es-sential part of any fabric filter QA/QCprogram. In the 1990s the USA EPA de-veloped a filtration test method basedon a test method developed in Ger-many.1 Subsequently, ASTM and theInternational Organization for Stan-


The Evolution of Air Filtration Test Methods Employed in QA/QC ProgramsBy Christina Clark, Jeff Smith, Terry Williamson and John McKenna, ETS, Inc.

ETS team reviewing bag specifications and QA/QC Plan.

T

dardization (ISO) also published sim-ilar test methods. The internationalexpansion of fabric and bag suppliershas highlighted the need for testmethods which can determine thechemical content and purity of im-ported and domestic fabrics.

The value of a fabric and bag QA/QCprogram, bag installation oversight,and bag monitoring program increasesas the code requirements become morestringent. The intrinsic value of theQA/QC program is driven by the factthat the failure of even one bag cancause dust contamination of the cleanside of the baghouse. This in turn leadsto widespread premature bag failureand/or pressure drop increases. Recentnew fabric and bag QA/QC programshave detected membrane failures, outof spec strength and permeability, fab-ric shrinkage concerns, bag puncturesand significant dimensional and con-struction issues.

TEST METHODS AND THEIR EVOLUTIONThe following contains a brief descrip-

tion of test methods currently employed.

Air PermeabilityThe air permeability test is used to

determine the amount of air that canflow through a given cloth area. Perme-ability is defined in ASTM StandardD737 2 as the rate of air flow passingperpendicularly through a known areaof fabric which is adjusted to obtain aprescribed air pressure differential be-tween the two fabric surfaces.

Mullen BurstThe Mullen burst strength test, de-

scribed in ASTM Standard D37863, isdesigned to show the relative totalstrength of fabrics to withstand severepulsing or pressure. Fabric strength isdetermined by measuring the pressurerequired to rupture the specimen frominflation of an expandable diaphragm.

Tensile StrengthThe tensile strength test provides

data on fabric strength and elongation.The ASTM Standard D50354 providesraveled strip (woven fabrics) and cutstrip test procedures (nonwoven andfelted fabrics) for determining thebreaking force and elongation of mosttextile fabrics.

M.I.T. Flex Endurance TestThe M.I.T. flex endurance test pri-

marily measures the relative value offabric to withstand self-abrasion fromflexing by measuring the number offlex cycles necessary to break a fabricsample. The test method is described inASTM Standard D21765, which is thestandard method for testing the foldingendurance of paper. The fabric samplesare tested in both the warp and fill di-rections.

The M.I.T. flex test has traditionallybeen used to help determine the rate ofdeterioration of woven fiberglass bags


used in coal-fired utility boilers due tothe inherent abrasiveness of glassfibers. ETS has also found the M.I.T.flex test to be very useful in the evalu-ation of many felts and their ability towithstand flexing against a wire cageduring pulse cleaning cycles. For nearlyall filter bag fabric types, this test canbe a leading indicator that the fabric isnearing the end of its useful service life.

Filtration PerformanceThe filtration efficiency media ana-

lyzer (FEMA) test apparatus at ETS, de-veloped in Germany and currentlysupplied by Fil T Eq GmbH, measuresfilter media performance under definedconditions with regard to filtration ve-locity, particle size distribution andcleaning requirements, simulating ac-tual baghouse conditions.

ASTM InternationalIn 2002, ASTM International

adopted the EPA’s Environmental Tech-nology Verification (ETV) baghouse fil-tration testing protocol6 as its standard(ASTM D6830-027), promoting stan-dardization and consistency in perform-ance evaluation of these technologies.

ISOIn 2011, the ISO, a worldwide vol-

untary standards organization, adoptedISO 11057:2011.8 The main purpose ofthe ISO Method is to gain informationabout both the operational perform-ance and the particle emission of clean-able filter media.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

FTIR is a technique that uses in-frared light to observe properties of asolid, liquid, or gas. In infrared spec-troscopy, IR radiation is passed througha sample. Some of the infrared radiationis absorbed by the sample and some of

it is passed through (transmitted). Theresulting spectrum represents the mo-lecular absorption and transmission,creating a molecular fingerprint of thesample. FTIR analysis results are gen-erally utilized for identification of ma-terials of construction (e.g., fiber type,thread type) of filter bags and /or eval-uation of contaminants.

Comprehensive Monitoring ProgramsLong-term monitoring programs

compliment QA/QC Programs. All ofthe strength and flow tests should bedone in conjunction with each otherperiodically in order to develop the lossof strength and flow trend lines overtime. The testing program can identifywhen the bags are approaching end oflife and higher risk of failure, but can-not predict the exact timing of the endof life of the bag set. Permeability meas-urements of used bags can, by varyingthe amount of vacuuming, help to de-

Air | Filtration

ETS engineer utilizing the filtration performance test apparatus.

termine if the bags are gradually blind-ing (losing permeability). Used bagtest values are compared with originalclean fabric test values to show rate andlevel of deterioration.

CONCLUSIONToday, the primary reasons for con-

ducting fabric and bag QA/QC include:

1. Minimize baghouse and production downtime by insuring that the specification is met and related bag failure precluded.

2. Protect the user in the event of warranty issues by providing baseline data.

3. Provide an unbiased third party assessment of fabric and bags.

Current results of QA/QC testinghave shown differences in the qualityof products from various fabric andbag suppliers. Issues have includedfiltration performance, permeabilityand strength. In some cases once ETS

has worked with a given supplier,their product has achieved a consis-tent high quality with few failed re-sults.

Going forward, as the emissioncodes increase and become morestringent, the role of QA/QC testingwill continue to increase in value. Ad-ditional test methods addressingadded speciation and condensationproducts will evolve. New innovationsin multi-component felted media9

may require additional test methoddevelopment as well. The cost of suchprograms will be additive, thus mak-ing the trade-off between reducingcost by reducing the sampling fre-quency vs. increasing the risk of miss-ing faulty product locations moredifficult. The challenge will be to keepthe cost of a QA/QC program under5% of the bag set costs.

REFERENCES1. Trenholm, A.; Mycock, J.; McKenna, J.; Kosusko, M.The Evolution of Improved Baghouse Filter Media as Ob-served in the Environmental Technology Verification Pro-

gram, Paper # 176. Proceedings of the 101st A&WMAAnnual Conference & Exhibition, Portland, OR, June 24-27, 2008.2. ASTM Method D737-04 (2012): Standard Test Methodfor Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics (originally approved in1943). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D737.htm.3. ASTM Method D3786/D3786M-13: Standard TestMethod for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics-Di-aphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method (originally ap-proved in 1979). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D3786.htm.4. ASTM Method D5035-11: Standard Test Method forBreaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (StripMethod) (originally approved in 1990). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D5035.htm.5. ASTM Method D2176-97a (2007): Standard TestMethod for Folding Endurance of Paper by the M.I.T.Tester (originally approved in 1963). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D2176.htm. 6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EnvironmentalTechnology Verification Program, ETV website:www.epa.gov./nrmrl/std/etv/vt-apc.html#bfp.7. ASTM Method D6830-02 (2008): Standard TestMethod for Characterizing the Pressure Drop and Filtra-tion Performance of Cleanable Filter Media (originally ap-proved in 2002). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D6830.htm. 8. ISO Method 11057:2011: Air quality –Test method forfiltration characterization of cleanable filter media. Avail-able online atwww.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_de-tail.htm?csnumber=50020.9. Williams, D. (2013, April 04). GE introduces next gener-ation clean coal technology. Power Engineering Interna-tional. Retrieved fromhttp://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2013/04/GE-introduces-next-generation-clean-coal-technology.html.

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Air | Filtration

hen one thinks of indoorair quality (IAQ), thehealth and well-being of

people most often comes to mind.However, IAQ is not only a peopleissue, it is also a materials issue. Just aspeople can suffer due to poor air qual-ity in a building, many different typesof materials can suffer as well.

Many industrial environments con-tain corrosive gaseous contaminantsthat can destroy expensive computer-ized process control equipment.These contaminants, if not properlycontrolled, can bring production to astandstill, resulting in downtime cost-ing tens, if not hundreds of thousandsof dollars an hour. However, comput-ers can be replaced. This cannot besaid for the materials and objectsbeing housed in museums, librariesand archives.

In museums and other “preserva-

tion environments” there are a numberof factors, which can cause the degra-dation of materials and artifacts.Among these are temperature, humid-ity, particulates, and gaseous contami-nants. Of these, gaseous contaminantsare the most destructive.

GASEOUS CONTAMINANTSWhile automotive and/or industrial

emissions are considered as the largestcontributors of the three main con-taminant gases found throughout theindustrialized world - sulfur dioxide(SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen diox-ide (NO2) - there are also many signif-icant sources of internally generatedcontaminants. Materials and activitiesassociated with restoration and con-servation laboratories, many artifactsand archival materials, and employeesand patrons themselves can contributeto the overall contaminant load in

preservation environments.Although gaseous contaminants

are a major worldwide environmentalconcern, sources of gaseous contami-nants, their introduction and migra-tion through museums, and theirinteractions with artifacts are the leaststudied and least understood area ofconcern within preservation environ-ments. General reviews of contami-nant sources and object vulnerabilitiesand information and guidelines forgaseous contaminants were scarceuntil the 1990s.

CONTROL SPECIFICATIONSThe most commonly cited control

levels for gaseous contaminants areshown in Table 1. Background concen-trations and the peak urban levels forthese contaminants are also listed forcomparison. As can be seen, the rec-ommended levels for several contami-

Specialized Filtration Required for Preservation EnvironmentsBy Christopher O. Muller, Technical Director, Purafil, Inc.

W


nants are below the normal background levels and allare below contaminant levels one would expect to en-counter in urban environments.

The biggest problem today is not whether specifiedlevels of air quality can be reached, but whether they canbe accurately measured to assure compliance with anystandards or control criteria. The qualitative identificationand the quantitative determination of gaseous contami-nants and their concentrations often make stringent de-mands on monitoring instrumentation andmethodologies. Because of this, a number of institutionshave turned to environmental classification via reactivity,or corrosion, monitoring.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGReactivity monitoring can characterize the destructive

potential of an environment. The growth of various cor-rosion films on specially prepared copper, silver, and/orgold (-plated) sensors (Figure 1) provides an indicationof the type(s) and level(s) of essentially all corrosivechemical species present in the local environment. Bothpassive and real-time reactivity monitors are currentlyavailable and each can be used to gather important infor-mation on gaseous contaminants and their levels in theenvironment.

Based on joint research performed by Purafil, Inc.2,3,4

the government of the Netherlands5, and the ComitatoTermotechnical Italiano (C.T.I.)6, reactivity monitoring

Figure 1. Environmental reactivity coupons (ERC, left) and envi-ronmental reactivity monitors (ERM, right). Photo courtesy ofPurafil, Inc.


has been accepted as the preferred airmonitoring method in preservationenvironments. It has become the stan-dard for air quality monitoring in gov-ernment archives in the Netherlands7

and is being proposed as a Europeanstandard. These control specificationsare shown in Table 2.

Reactivity monitoring makes it pos-sible to easily identify and quantifythose contaminants most dangerous topreservation environments, however,there has been little research done todeter mine what levels actual ly causedeterioration of historical artifacts andarchival materials. In general, guide-lines call for interior concentrations ofgaseous contaminants to be main-tained as low as attainable bygas-phase air filtration. This can be ac-complished by the processes of physi-cal adsorption and/or chemisorption,through the use of various dry-scrub-bing air filtration media.8

FILTRATION SYSTEMSThe research referenced above has

not only looked at gaseous contami-nants and their effects and evaluatedenvironmental monitoring methods; ithas also looked at determining the bestcontaminant control strategies.

In terms of gaseous contaminants, ithas been determined that (at least) twodifferent dry-scrubbing media will be re-quired5. One should be a sodium per-manganate-i mpregnated alumina, such

as Purafil SP media for the removal of ni-tric oxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, hydro-gen sulfide and formaldehyde (amongothers). The other should be a caustic-impregnated activated carbon/activatedalumina such as Puracarb media for theremoval of nitrogen dioxide, organicacids, and nitrogen and sulfur oxides(among others). Both types of mediashould be a requirement and anythingless should not be considered.

It was mentioned above that partic-ulates are one of the main factors,which can cause the degradation ofarchival materials and historical arti-facts. This is particularly true wheretemperature and humidity are notproperly controlled. Therefore, partic-ulate filtration must also be part of anycontaminant control system for preser-vation environments.

The optimum filtration system formuseums will address as many of thepotentially offending materials as pos-sible - gaseous and particulate. The rec-ommended system would consist of (1)a MERV 6-8 ASHRAE-rated prefilter(G4, F5); (2) a bed of Purafil SP media;(3) a bed of Puracarb media; and (4) aMERV 13-15 ASHRAE-rated final filter(F6-F8).

STANDING THE TEST OF TIMEConservationists and preservation-

ists are expected to provide and main-tain environments sufficiently wellcontrolled as to minimize the decay of

artifacts and materials. Thus the totalenvironment, external and inter nal,must be considered to accurately assessthe potential for damage from environ-mental factors and adequate controlmeasures must be employed for all.Anything less in a control strategycould result in the damage ordestructio n of materials that can neverbe replaced or restored.

The specialized air quality needs of-museums and other preservation envi-ronments are being acknowledged andacted upon at sites all around theworld. This includes both the air moni-toring and contaminant mitigation as-pects. Continuous monitoring of gaseouscontaminants has become a requirementin order to provide accurate environmen-tal assessments.9 The installation of a fil-tration system for the removal of bothgaseous and particulate contaminants isprobably even more important. Some suc-cessful examples of this are listed below.

•The filtration system described above as well as reactivity monitoring is required in all government archive buildings in theNetherlands, including the General Government Archives at The Hague.

•The Italian government required theinstallation gas-phase air filtration and reactivity monitors as part of therestoration and renovation of the Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper.

Air | Filtration


Reactivity monitors are also installedin the Sistine Chapel.

•The use of specialized gas-phase airfiltration and reactivity monitoring are requirements for the Jewel Houseand Crown room in the Tower of London.

•The Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem is using reactivity monitoring to help protectthe Dead Sea Scrolls.

•National archive facilities in Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore have all made gas-phase air filtration and reactivity

monitoring part of their environmental control strategies.

•Gas-phase air filtration is currently in use in the U.S. National Archives,Archives II, and the state archives ofArizona, California, Georgia, Minnesota, Missouri, and Washington. The National Archives,Archives II, and the Georgia and Minnesota State Archives are using reactivity monitoring as well.

REFERENCES 1.Muller, C.O. 1996. “Airborne Contaminant Guidelines forPreservation Environments,” Proceedings of the 24th An-nual Meeting, American Institute for Conservation of His-toric and Artistic Works, Washington, D.C.2. Muller, C. 1997. “Reactivity Monitoring: A New Tool inPreservation Environments,” INvironment Professional.

3. Muller, C. and Sacchi, E. 2005. “Air Quality Monitoringat Historic Sites,” ASHRAE Journal, 47(8): 40-46.4. Muller, C. 2011. “Air-Quality Standards for PreservationEnvironments: Considerations for Monitoring and Classifi-cation of Gaseous Pollutants,” Papyrus, 11(3): 45-50.5. Vosteen, R. and Bakker, R.W. 1992. Delta Plan for Cul-tural Preservation - Air Purification Pilot Project: ResearchMethods for Air Purification in the General GovernmentArchives (ARA). Government Building Service, Planning &Techniques Board, Department of Climate Techniques,The Hague, the Netherlands.6. “Microclima, Qualità Dell=Aria E Impianti Negli Ambi-enti Museali,” Giornata Seminariale, Associazione ItalianaCondizionamento dell=Aria Rescaldamento, Refriger-azione, Firenze, Italy, pp 39-66, February 1997.7. Vosteen, R. 1994. “Advisory Guide-Line Air QualityArchives,” Delta Plan for Culture Preservation, Ministry ofHousing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Govern-ment Buildings Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands.8. Muller, C.O. and England, W.G. 1995. “Achieving YourIndoor Air Quality Goals - Which Filtration System WorksBest?” ASHRAE Journal, 37:2, pp. 24-31.9. Colman, G., Fish, P., Muller, C., and Thickett, D. 2012.“Is it Time for a Reactivity Monitoring Standard for Muse-ums?” Proceedings of IAQ 2012 – the 10th InternationalConference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and HistoricEnvironments, June 17-20, 2012, London, England.

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R.STAT stainless steel fiber range

Conductive and Heat-Resistant Fibers for Performance MarketsBy Philippe Sannejan, R.STAT

.STAT, a specialty high-tem-perature resistant and con-ductive fibers manufacturing

company, has its roots based on theoriginal developments by RhonePoulenc in the 1970s. For the last 40years Rhone Poulenc, located inFrance, and known as R.STAT since1997, is an independent company andindustry leader that has created andperfected two state-of-the-art conduc-tive textile grade fibers and yarnsfrom both stainless steel and silvercoated nylon.

Both fiber types are widely used in ahost of specialty technical textile, ap-parel, home and office furnishing mar-kets plus a variety of specialty textileconstructions for industrial markets.Weavers, knitters, braiders, wetlaid andnonwoven fabric companies incorpo-rate stainless steel and silver coatednylon fibers in numerous end markets,often unrecognized by the ultimate tex-tile user, yet critical to the end-use ap-plication. For example, the positiveeffect of these conductive fibers pres-ence silently guard office employees,guests of hotels, passengers on com-mercial aircraft, wood or paper pulp in-dustry workmen, firemen and soldiersagainst electrical and/or triboelectricgenerated spark and electrical shocksituations capable of causing a fire orexplosion resulting from electrical dis-charge. Other applications include agrowing dependence for protectionagainst electromagnetic sources to ap-plications in a host of industrial appli-cations involving heating elements andapplications where high-temperaturetolerance is required, such as in heatsinks, burners, sophisticated baghousefiltration and use in harsh and corro-sion resistance environments.

BROAD MARKET AND APPLICATION USESThe positive contribution of both

metal and silver coated nylon fibersoffer broader opportunities that mostexperienced professionals, even in thebroad textile industry, do not readilyrecognize or have personal experiencein. Examples of applications includeuses where anti-static properties are im-portant, such as in the contract fabricindustry, including upholstery textilesin offices, hotels, casinos, cruise shipsand hospitals, as well as broadloom car-pet and carpet tile. In these applica-

tions, R.STAT/S (metal fibers) and Sil-verSTAT (silver coated nylon) antistaticproperties silently stand guard in elim-inating electrostatic discharge (such asseizing a knob, moving with castorchair) to prevent disruption of comput-ers or electronic devices.

Clean room fabrics, protective ap-parel and work-wear clothing, as wellas security shoes use conductive fibersto avoid the dangerous accumulation ofelectrical charges. In a microelectronicsclean room, even the smallest of dis-charges can have a negative and even


R

Conductive and Heat-Resistant Fibers for Performance MarketsBy Philippe Sannejan, R.STAT



catastrophic effect on wafer and chipyield as well as the reduction of poten-tial danger of fire in a space containinghazardous processing chemicals. Elec-trical linemen, natural gas, petroleumand mine workers are other specificfields of use where the danger of explo-sion is always present. Acknowledgingsafety, insurance companies now offerlower rates to employers who provide

engineered protective workmen cloth-ing to employees.

Filtration media containing a low-percentage blend of metal or silvercoated nylon fiber in combinationwith synthetic fibers provide staticprotection in baghouse filters safe-guarding against the risk of explosionwhere fine powders are present. Con-ductive fibers are also used as a woven

conductive scrim within the structureof a needlefelt baghouse nonwovenfabric, providing greater fabric stabil-ity as well as mechanism to dischargestatic build-up. Examples of such usesinclude baghouses found in foundries,granaries, abrasive production facto-ries, in addition to flour and sugar pro-cessing facilities.

Chart of R.STAT’s applications Silverstat continous filaments


SILVER COATED NYLON FIBER AND YARNR.STAT has designed performance solutions for many

common and advanced applications for its SilverSTAT -pure silver coated polyamide fibers and filaments. Silvermetal is historically known for its numerous benefits;namely conductive (silver being the most conductive nat-ural element on earth), as well as for its highly anti-bacte-rial, anti-fungi and anti-odor properties in addition to itsthermo-reflecting properties. Thermo reflecting propertieshelp reduce heat penetration from an outside source or aidin containing the loss of heat from an emitting source.

The industrial manufacturing process of SilverSTATis a unique enabling technology allowing for a perma-nent bond of the company’s 99.9 % metallic thin silverlayer onto polyamide (nylon) fibers. SilverSTAT is avail-able as cut flexible staple fiber from 1.5 - 30 denier, con-sisting of flexible pure silver sheath and is oftenpre-blended with other fibers, such as polyester, nylonor aramid fibers. Continuous filaments range from 20 to220 denier in size with various dpf.

STAINLESS STEEL FIBER AND YARNOther end-uses and customers require thermo-resis-

tant conductive fibers and R.STAT developed a range ofR.STAT/S consisting of fine diameter, highly flexiblestainless steel (alloy 316L), with other alloys availableupon request. Like the silver coated nylon describedabove, stainless steel fiber and filament are available asstaple fiber, filament yarn and tow.

Stainless steel fibers are used in a wide range of appli-cations, including:

• High electrical conductivity in electromagnetic

shielding applications known as EMI shielding having the ability to provide Faraday cage

Silverstat 30 denier staple fiber


insulation common in mobile telephones.

• Thermo-resistant properties (600° C - 1100° F) in industrial oven insulation and as heat sink blankets used in automotive glass forming and specialty glassware businesses.

• Dust and baghouses routinely utilize the combination of conductive and thermo resistant properties of stainless steel fibers inhot gas/air filtration.

• Composite applications make use offine metal fibers referred to as fibermetal felt, in combination with wire

Specialty Fibers | FiltrationFiltration

Mergers, Acquisitions

and Divestures

GL Capital, LLC

We understand the nuances ofthe domestic and internationalfiltration industry and bringover 70 years of combinedbusiness, technical and finan-cial expertise. The current eco-nomic climate is an ideal timefor sellers to locate buyersseeking to diversify and forbuyers to identify growth op-portunities through acquisition.

For a confidential conversation contact:

Edward C. Gregor704-442-1940

[email protected]

P. John Lovell719-375-1564

[email protected]

Silverstat product range


cloth for use in polymer filtration inthe production of fine synthetic staple and filament yarns as well asthe manufacture of thin plastic films.

• Metals fibers and yarns are found inautomotive heated seating as well asflexible braided electrical cable wrap as electromagnetic EMI shielding in military and commercial aircraft.

• Metal, as well as silver coated nylonfibers and yarns, provide easily detectable protection against counterfeiting when embedded in high-end consumer branded merchandise.

To meet the requirements of specialtyperformance applications R.STAT is ableto provide its stainless steel fiber in a widerange of stretch-broken staple fibers (puresteel or blends with synthetic fibers),stretch-broken slivers (for spinning mills)and/or pure steel spun yarns. Fibers diam-eters range from 6 to 22 microns (equiv-alent 1.5 to 27 denier). Also, available, as

a standard available item, are flexiblewires, similar to monofilament syntheticyarn, in diameters of 35 and 50 microns.

R.STAT’s philosophy and historicalperspective is to work in close partner-ship with its customers to supporttheir designs and tailor-made solu-tions, enabling customers to differen-tiate their products from competition.R.STAT further seeks to offer solutionsand benefits beyond a standard fiber.The company is open to modifying itsexisting materials based on customerneeds, including joint developmentsfor advanced constructions availablenowhere else in the market. R.STAT ispragmatic and will not hesitate to pro-vide advice to use another technologyif there is a better solution for a spe-cific application.

Equipped with sophisticated R&Dand testing laboratories, R.STAT pro-vides its worldwide customer base ex-tensive support, including checking andverification of electrostatic or otherproperties of textiles designed with

R.STAT fibers in its own laboratory inorder optimize products with customersbefore final certification by an inde-pendent laboratory.

Above all, lot-to-lot product repeata-bility and quality of R.STAT fibers leadthe parade and remains unmatched inthe industry. The company takes consid-erable pride in the reliability of its prod-ucts knowing the critical nature andresponsibility that its fibers play in en-gineered applications as well as cus-tomers’ highest expectations of adependable world-class supplier.

R.STAT will exhibit at Techtextil inFrankfurt am Main, Germany, June 11–13, 2013, Hall 4.1 Stand G 14.

For more information contact: Pascal Peninon (France)Tel: +33 477 013 744 Email: [email protected] Ed Gregor (North America) Tel: 1-704-442-1940Email: [email protected] Website: www.r-stat.fr

FN


Solids | Recovery

ith slurry to be filteredcomes the followingquestions: What filter

medium might do the job to recover thesolids? Is the filter cake permeable, oris it a compact mass?

Logical plots of batch-filtration re-sults vs. time reveal the quality of thecollected solids. Following those guidesenables us to decide if slurry must bespecially treated before designing thecommercial-size filtration step, or a dif-ferent filter medium must be employed.

A. FLUID-FLOW RATEA general rule of thumb for fluid-ap-

proach velocity is one gal/min/sq ft.The important measurement is resi-dence time. Filter media are not sieves.Small particles are captured by beingdrawn to the surfaces of the pores or bysimple random encounters with thesurfaces, to stick, sometimes only withthe glue of van der Waals forces.

However, in the present case, parti-cles in the feed stream are the items tobe recovered, not the fluid.

In these cases, slurry-approach ve-locities may be higher, but stay in theviscous-flow range. That is, in a log/logplot of velocity (vertical scale) vs. fluiddriving pressure (horizontal scale), staywithin the range where the slope is 1.0.If the slope is lower (will not be lowerthan 0.5), inertia flow has diluted vis-cous flow and the fluid-driving costsare higher because of the greater driv-ing pressure to obtain higher flow rates.

B. THE CHOICE OF A FILTER MEDIUMThis is usually a cloth, woven or

nonwoven, composed of a certain ma-terial, or materials, with a specific, lam-inar-flow-averaged pore diameter.

That diameter is measured fromthe permeability, B, m2, and the poros-ity,�ratio of void volume to bulk vol-

ume.Deduce the laminar-flow-averaged

pore diameter, dav, via, from perme-

abiliry, B, and, porosity, ε.�� Some sellers of filter media assign

pore-size ratings on the basis of a “stan-dard” filtration test. Ignore that rating andask for the results of Equations 1 and 2.

C. LIFE/CAPACITY OF A FILTER MEDIUMThis measure is the time for the

medium to loose permeability, havingcaptured particles from the feed stream.

Obviously, that capacity is a functionof both the liquid and the particles in theliquid, as well as the nature of the filtermedium. Make these measurements via

one of three different kinds of operations.

1. In constant-flow filtration, using apositive-dis-placement pump, make aplot, on log/log paper, of increasing driv-ing pressure vs. time. Such a plot de-scribes a curve that can usually besuperimposed over one of the curves inFigure 1.

Stop filtration when the drivingpressure reaches, say, ten times thestarting value. The ideal curve is, obvi-ously, Curve A. The only decrease inpermeability owes to the increasingthickness of a porous bed of particles.

In some type-A curves the filter cakeunder increasing pressure, will compressand Curve A will bend up, instead ofcontinuing as a straight line of slope 1.0.

Sometimes a type-D curve can bemade like one of the others by using amedium with smaller pores.

Perhaps a change in the pH may

Tips on Recovering Solids in Liquid FiltrationBy Peter R. Johnston, Consultant

Figure 1. Math-model plots of curves inconstant-flow filtration. P = fluid-dri-ving-pressure units, t = time units

Figure 2. Math-model plots in constantpressure filtration. V = volume filtered,t = time units

W


make the separation easier. Perhaps, the solids in the slurry

might be made less compactable bymodifying the process that producedthe solids.

2. In constant-pressure filtration,employing a constant head of liquid,make a plot, on log/log paper, of cumu-lative volume filtered vs. time and seethat the curve can be superimposedover one of the math curves of Figure 2.

The desired Cake filtration curve isalso seen as a straight line in alinear/linear plot of t/V vs. V.

3. In employing a centrifugal pumpto do the job, make a plot, on log/logpaper, of the ratio: V/P, volume fil-tered/pump pressure vs. time as illus-trated in Figure 3.

D. BACKWASHING FILTER MEDIA After a medium loses permeability,

such as the above curves B, C, and D

and the large particles are scraped off,many times a backwash restores mostof the original permeability. Sometimesthe backwash is a portion of the filtrate.Sometimes the backwash is not a por-tion of the filtrate, but is a cleaning so-lution, which then must be washed out.

Performing one of the above batchoperations provides the information todesign a continuous operation, such asa moving-belt filter medium.

For more information contact:Peter R. Johnston, Consultant 302 Morningside Dr.Carrboro, North Carolina 27510 USAEmail: [email protected]

REFERENCE

Johnston, Peter R., 1998, Fundamentals ofFluid Filtration, a Technical Primer, 2d Edition,Tall Oaks Publishing.

Figure 3. Curves seen when a centrifu-gal pump drives the feed stream. Combi-nations of the curves of Figures 1 and 2. FN

– t


Industry | Events

FN

ith FILTECH 2013 taking place October 22-24this year in Germany, the city of Wiesbadenwill turn into the world’s top meeting-place

for all those involved with Filtration & Separation and adja-cent sectors.

Some 300 companies from 27 countries will presenttheir cutting-edge products and innovations to an internationalaudience of buyers, sellers, users, designers, R&D experts, andthe academic world. The coming FILTECH is also distin-guished by an increase in the number of exhibitors from out-side Germany, e.g. India, China and the USA. TheINTERNATIONAL CONGRESS is the globally acknowledgedplatform for the scientific exchange of the latest research resultsand the knowledge transfer between theory and practice, andwill feature 200 technical papers from 37 countries.

All relevant subject areas and techniques for the separationof particles from liquids and gases are covered. An exciting pro-gram with over 200 lectures from 37 countries gives a represen-tative cross-section of the different procedures and appliancesof separation technology as well as across the industry aboutthe applications, from the preparation of mineral raw materials,the chemistry, environmental technology and water purificationdown to the pharmacy and biotechnology.

The latest results from basic research, innovative equipment-based solutions and procedures will also be presented. In addi-tion to separation appliances and machines, this also includesfilter-testing equipment, measuring devices for particle, liquidand boundary surface properties and for porometry.

For more information visit: www.filtech.de

Record Number of Exhibitor Registrations for FILTECH 2013

W

More than 300 companies from close to 30 nations willbe exhibting at FILTECH 2013

Need a Filter Supplier?...

Locate Leading Component Parts, Filter, Coalescing & Equipment Suppliers at:

www.afssociety.org/buyersguide

Industry | Events


AFS Returned to Minneapolis in 2013

he American Filtration & Sep-arations Society returned toMinneapolis after a four-year

absence for its annual spring confer-ence May 6-9. The conference co-chairswere Saru Dewar of Cummins Filtra-tion and Martin J. Lehmann from Mann+ Hummel. The focus of the conferencewas on the topics of filtration and sep-arations in global markets, includingrecent technology advancements, withspecific emphasis on engine and waterfiltration.

Held at the Minneapolis/St. PaulHilton Hotel, the conference beganMonday with both 4- and 8-hour shortcourses on the topics of Basics inSolid/Liquid and Basics in Solid/Air, Fil-tration Media Markets and Use, Micro-filtration Membranes, Filter MediaDesign for Liquid Applications, ReverseOsmosis System Design and Ultrafiltra-tion Filtration Membranes. The mainconference – Tuesday through Thurs-day – consisted of three concurrenttracks broadly covering the topics ofengine and water filtration with 20 ses-sions, 80 presentations, 5 conferencesponsors and numerous exhibitors par-ticipating. The benefits for attendees atAFS conferences include the diversityof topics, in-depth short courses and

insightful individual presentationsfrom the who’s who of the industry.Also, professional growth and network-ing opportunities are always centercourt at AFS events for both newcom-ers and journeymen alike.

Plenary speakers were: Tuesday – Dr.Behnam Pourdeyhimi from The Non-wovens Institute in Raleigh, N.C.;Wednesday – Ben Mullins from CurtinUniversity, Perth, Australia; Thursday –M. Matti Maricq from Ford MotorCompany, Dearborn, Mich.

The corporate sponsors met as agroup prior to an AFS networking re-ception. The AFS corporate sponsorscommittee reviewed the many newbenefits for corporate sponsors includ-ing new Webinars and Market Land-scape Reports available exclusively tocorporate sponsors under a pendingAFS UniversityTM banner and an On-Line Campus concept; a recently in-stalled proprietary, sponsors only, AFSwebsite Buyer’s Guide, along with anew AFS Point of View initiative, allwith a focus to provide corporate spon-sor visibility and to drive buyers to AFScorporate sponsors.

At the Tuesday Awards luncheon,AFS Product of the Year Awards for newproducts introduced in 2012 were pre-

sented to Clarcor, Inc., for the com-pany’s Poroplate® MaxPoreTM; as theleading Liquid Filter Element Award,Cummins Filtration won; in the FilterMedia category for its FleetguardNanoNet® media, Parker Hannifin Co.won; Hiross Zander Div. was the recip-ient in the Filter System Category withits Anteras Tandem Technology ATTproduct; and W.L. Gore & Associates,Inc. won for its Gore® V – Panel Filtersas the best Air Filter Element. Dr. BarryVerdegan was the recipient of the TillerAward. The Senior Scientist Award waspresented to Ruijun Chen; Dr. ShaguftaPatel received the Young ScientistAward. The Student Poster Awardswent to – First Place: AbdulwahabAljuhani, and Runner-up KitchaportNartetamrongsutt, both from the Uni-versity of Akron, and Runner-up Vin-cent Kandagor from the University ofTennessee.

The next AFS conference is October14-16, 2013, in Cincinnati on the topicof Innovations in Fiber Media.

The AFS is the largest Filtration So-ciety in the world and the principal ed-ucator of the industry. For additionalinformation, visit www.afssociety.org orcall Lyn Sholl, AFS Executive Managerat 615- 250-7784.

T

2012 Award winners with AFS Officers, left to right: 2013 AFS Chairman Mathias Stolarski, DuPont; Ruijun Chen, Kaydon Filtra-tion; Jackie Gallagher, Parker Hannifin Co.; David Raider, Clarcor, Inc.; Barry Verdegan, Cummins Filtration; Shagufta Patel,PECO Facet; Wilson Poon, W.L. Gore & Associates; and AFS Second Vice Chairman Chris Wallace, Filtration Technology Corp.

FN

Need a Filter Supplier?...

Locate Leading Component Parts, Filter, Coalescing & Equipment Suppliers at:

www.afssociety.org/buyersguidewww.filtnews.com • June 2013 • 49

t its annual spring conferencein Bloomington, MN, in May,the American Filtration and

Separation Society (AFS) awarded Puro-lator Advanced Filtration its New Prod-uct of the Year award for the Poroplate®MaxPore™ extended area filters.

Poroplate MaxPore filter baskets areconstructed from stainless steel (or higheralloys) sintered wire cloth laminatedmedia (Figure 1). This media has a 40+year proven service record in a variety ofhigh temperature, high pressure, and cor-rosive applications, and is available in rat-ings as low as 2µ nominal. The mediaconsists of multiple layers of woven wirecloth which are diffusion bonded (sin-tered) in a furnace to create a highly per-meable filter laminate with a permanentlyfixed pore size. The media can be config-

ured as a surface media, or as a progres-sive pore size media which yields up to 4xhigher dirt holding capacity. Both config-urations can be backwashed/back-pulsedto regenerate the media.

Poroplate MaxPore baskets are con-structed as a series of concentricallyoriented cylinders. Each of these cylin-ders consists of an inner and outercylinder, open on one end and joinedtogether by a solid ring at the other. Aflow channel is created between theinner and outer walls of each cylinder,similar to the flow path of a wall flowfilter. This dual- sided arrangement fur-ther increases filter surface area. In itsfinal form, the Poroplate MaxPore ex-tended area basket has up to 23 ft.2 offilter area and fits into a basket housingthat would normally hold a single filter

basket with only 4 ft.2. This advantagein effective filter area can be used inseveral ways to reduce the number offilter housings/valves/piping needed innew installations, to increase filter life,to reduce pressure drop, and to increasethe flow rate through the filter.

Purolator Advanced Filtration Awarded AFS New Product of the Year

Figure 1- Poroplate sintered wire clothmedia

A

FN


Mini M

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To place a Mini Mart Ad

Email: [email protected]

Filter Vessel Rentals:1-24 Bag Filter Vessels • 6-85 Element Cartridge Filter Vessels

Available in Carbon and Stainless Steel Duplex Units available • Huge Inventory!

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Mini M

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Mergers & AcquisitionsGL Capital, LLC

Specialists in Mergers, Divestituresand Acquisitions of filtration

industry companies with sales of between $10 and $300 million.

For a confidential discussion contact:Edward C. Gregor

[email protected]

Advertiser IndexPage Website


AUSTRIA, GERMANY, SWITZERLANDMartina KohlerFrank StollIFF Media AGEmmersbergstrasse 1CH-8200 Schaffhausen, SwitzerlandTel: 41 52 633 08 88Fax: 41 52 633 08 99Email: [email protected]: [email protected]

BENELUX, FRANCESabine DusseyINTERNATIONAL JOURNALSDuppelstr. 7D-42781 Haan, GermanyTel: 49 2129 348390Fax: 49 2129 3483910Email: [email protected]

CHINAMr. Zhang XiaohuaBeijing, ChinaMobile: 0086 13522898423Mr. Han JiweiMobil: 0086 13810778772Email: [email protected]

INDIAYogesh JogBRIDGE MEDIAD-302, Shiromani ComplexNr Nehrunagar – Satellite Road

Opp Ocean Park, Satellite,Ahmedabad – 380015.Tel: 91 79 26752628Telefax: 91 79 26762628Mobile: 98242 31895Email: [email protected]

ITALYFerruccio SilveraSilvera PubblicitáViale Monza 24, I-20127 Milano, ItalyTel: 39 02 284 6716Fax: 39 02 289 3849Email: [email protected]

JAPANKenji Kanai3-9-25, Wakamatsudai, SakaiOsaka 590-0116, JapanTel: 81 6 6343 4513Fax: 81 722 93 5361Email: [email protected]

KOREAYoung-Seoh ChinnJES MEDIA Inc.2nd Fl.,ANA Building257-1, Myungil-DongKangdong-Gu,Seoul 134-070, KoreaTel: 82 2 481 3411/3Fax: 82 2 481 3414Email: [email protected]

TAIWANBuildwell Intl. Enterprise Co. Ltd.No. 120, Huludun 2nd St., Fongyuan CityTaichung County 42086, TaiwanTel: 886 4 2512 3015Fax: 886 4 2512 2372Email: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOMJudy HollandTextile Media Services Ltd.Homerton House, 74 Cawston RoadReepham, Norfolk NR10 4LT, UKTel: +44 1603 308158Fax: +44 8700 940868Email: [email protected]

USA, CANADABob MooreRAMCOP.O. Box 4032Cave Creek, AZ 85327Tel: 1 480 595 0349Fax: 1 480 595 1749Email: [email protected]

ALL OTHER COUNTRIESKen NorbergEditor, International Filtration NewsPO Box 265Winchester, TN 37398 USATel: 1 202 681 2022Email: [email protected]

A2Z Filtration Specialities 15 www.a2zfiltration.comAFS Buyers' Guide 49 www.afssociety.org/buyersguideAFS Conference Inside Back Cover www.afssociety.orgAhlstrom Inside Front Cover www.ahlstrom.comAir Filter, Inc. 3 www.airfilterusa.comAnbao Qinhuangdao Wire & Mesh Co. 43 www.anbao.comAshby Cross Co. 39 www.ashbycross.comBlucher GmbH 31 www.bluecher.comClack Corporation 37 www.clackcorp.comContract Pleating Services 22 www.solentech.comDexmet Corporation 25 www.dexmetfilter.comDurr Ecoclean, Inc. 19 www.durr-ecoclean.comEastman Chemical Company 8 www.eastmancyphrex.comFerguson Perforating 25 www.fn.perfnow.comFILTECH 23 www.filtech.deGusmer Enterprises 33 www.gusmerenterprises.comIndustrial Netting 46 www.industrialnetting.comJCEM-USA 5 www.jcem.chMagnetool Inc. 45 www.magnetoolinc.comMetalex 45 www.metlx.comMetcom Inc. 43 www.metcomusa.comOrival Inc. 17 www.orival.comPerCor Mfg. 17 www.percormfg.comPerforated Tubes 21 www.perftubes.comR.STAT 41 www.r-stat.frRosedale Products, Inc. Back Cover www.rosedaleproducts.comSealant Equipment 27 www.sealantequipment.comSINCE 13 47 www.since13.comSolent Technology Inc. 35 www.solentech.comSonobond Utrasonics 29 www.sonobondultrasonics.comSpinTek Filtration 1 www.spintek.comXinxiang Tiancheng Aviation 11 www.tchkjh.com

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FIL AI E - Leading Filtration Industry Publication | Filtration … · · 2015-04-10Global Filtration Products Mgr. FLSmidth Minerals ... n many applications, stainless steel