Figure by MIT OCW.

GAC Tank

Source: Metcalf & Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.

2 to

3 m

Neva clogscreen

4 to

5 m

Surface wash

Carbon bed surface

25 mm sampling taps

Carbon discharge

Carbon chargeWash water

Effluent

Influent

Backwash

Backwash

Bolt ring

Full open cover with porthole

1 to 2 m

}

Figure by MIT OCW.

GAC Breakthrough

Cb

Volume of Water Treated, V

Typical Breakthrough Curve for Activated Carbon

Efflu

ent S

olut

e C

once

ntra

tion

ClCi C2 Cb

Py

δ

Vb

Exhaustion

Vx

δδ < δ

Source: Metcalf & Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.

Figure by MIT OCW.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 pH

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.40

FeOH2+

Fe(OH)2+

Fe(OH)3(s)

FeCO3(s)

Fe3+

Fe2+E H , v

-7M or 5.6 µ 42­, CO2 3

- oC, and Pressure of 1 atm.

Water Oxidized

Water Reduced

Forms of Iron in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH Constructed with Total Iron Activity 10g/L, 96 mg/L SO Species at 1000 mg/L HCO , Temperature at 25

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1571.

+1.2

+1.6

E H , v

Water Reduced

Water Oxidized

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

-1.6

-1.2

-0.8

-0.4

+0.4

+0.8

0

Mn2+

MnO4 -

MnO2(s)

Mn2O3(s)

Mn3O4(s)

[Mn]total = 10-6 M Mn(OH)2(s)

Mn(s)

pH

25oC. Forms of Manganese in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH at a Water Temperature of

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1579.