Figure 7.1 Energy for Life

Figure 7.2 Oxidation and Reduction Are Coupled

Figure 7.3 NAD Is an Energy Carrier

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Figure 7.4 Oxidized and Reduced Forms of NAD

Nicotinamide

Adenine

Figure 7.5 Energy-Producing Metabolic Pathways

Figure 7.6 Glycolysis Converts Glucose to Pyruvate (Part 1)

Figure 7.6 Glycolysis Converts Glucose to Pyruvate (Part 2)

Figure 7.6 Glycolysis Converts Glucose to Pyruvate (Part 3)

2

2

Figure 7.6 Glycolysis Converts Glucose to Pyruvate (Part 4)

2

2

2

2

Figure 7.7 Changes in Free Energy During Glycolysis

Figure 7.8 Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle (Part 1)

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Figure 7.8 Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle (Part 2)

Figure 7.9 The Citric Acid Cycle Releases Much More Free Energy Than Glycolysis Does

Figure 7.10 The Oxidation of NADH + H+

Figure 7.11 The Complete Respiratory Chain

Figure 7.12 A Chemiosmotic Mechanism Produces ATP (Part 1)

Figure 7.12 A Chemiosmotic Mechanism Produces ATP (Part 2)

Figure 7.13 Two Experiments Demonstrate the Chemiosmotic Mechanism

Figure 7.14 Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation

Cellular Respiration Yields More Energy Than Glycolysis

Figure 7.17 Relationships Among the Major Metabolic Pathways of the Cell

Figure 7.18 Coupling Metabolic Pathways

ketoglutarate glutarate

Figure 7.19 Regulation by Negative and Positive Feedback

Figure 7.20 Feedback Regulation of Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (Part 1)

Table 7.1 Cellular Locations for Energy Pathways in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes