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2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Dec-31-2019 Jan-21-2020 Feb-11-2020 Mar-03-2020 Mar-24-2020 Apr-14-2020 May-05-2020
HIV/AIDS Transport injuries Self-harm Malaria COVID-19 (actual)Deaths, daily
Figure 1. The global burden of disease: COVID-19 versus other causes
Enhancedcapabilities
- Access to quality health at all levels- High-quality education at all levels- Effective access to present-day technologies- Resilience to unknown new shocks
Examples of achievements
Basiccapabilities
- Early childhood survival- Primary education- Entry-level technology- Resilience to recurrent shocks
Examples of achievements
Figure 2. Human development: From basic to enhanced capabilities
-0.020
-0.015
-0.010
-0.005
0
0.005
0.010
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019 (a
)
2020
Change in Human Development Index value, annual
2020 simulated change in COVID-19-adjusted HDI
a) The 2019 value is a provisonal estimate.
The Global Financial Crisis
Figure 3. Human development is facing an unprecedented hit since the concept was introduced in 1990
COVID-19-adjusted Human Development Index value
Scenario:No internet
Scenario:Closing internet gap withinhuman development group
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Figure 4. The decline in human development due to COVID-19 could be halved with more equitable internet access
Number of countries implementing each type of measure, by human development group
18
3136
19
27
36
42 42
53
40
5659
Lockdowns School closures Movement restrictions
Low Medium High Very high
Human development group
Figure 5. Most countries around the globe have implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions to slow the spread of COVID-19
Low Medium High Very high
Human development group
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
1,500,000
1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May
Countries with school closures due to COVID-19Number of school-age children (ages 5–17), by human development group (millions)
Countries implementing lockdowns due to COVID-19Population, by human development group (billions)
Countries implementing movement restrictions due to COVID-19Population, by human development group (billions)
Figure 6. Internal and external restrictions related to COVID-19 affected more than 7 billion people in 183 countries by mid-April 2020
0
5
10
15
20
0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Human Development Index value, 2018
Direct spending
0
10
20
30
0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Human Development Index value, 2018
Loans and guarantees
Percent of GDP Percent of GDP
Figure 7. The scale of fiscal measures related to COVID-19 depends on a country’s level of human development
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
14.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Before the 2008 global financial crisis
After the 2008 global financial crisis
Global youth unemployment rate (%)
Figure 8. Global youth unemployment jumped after the 2008 global financial crisis and has yet to recover
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18
Lowest socioeconomic group
Medium socioeconomic group
Highest socioeconomic group
Relative excess ratio, by socioeconomic group
Figure 9. The lowest socioeconomic group in Puerto Rico saw estimated excess deaths related to Hurricane Maria peak two months later than the medium and highest socioeconomic groups did
26.5
6.7 6.3 1.4 9.5
85.9
74.2
46.9
20.0
59.6
Low Medium High Very high World
Base, before COVID-19 closure Effective, during COVID-19 closure
Short-term effective out-of-school rate for primary education, second quarter of 2020 (% of primary school–age children)
Negative effect of COVID-19 closure = 59.4
67.4
40.5
18.6
50.1
Box figure 1. The short-term effective out-of-school rate for primary education has jumped substantially for all human development groups
Box figure 2. Inequality in internet access will have a major effect on the long-term out-of-school rate for primary education
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018
Effective out-of-school rate for primary education (% of primary school–age children)
Scenario:No internet
2020
Scenario:Closing internet gap withinhuman development group
Figure 10. Inequalities in access to technology across human development groups are wide and growing
2017 Change, 2007–2017
Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low
Mobile phone subscriptions, by human development group (per 100 inhabitants)
131.6116.7
90.6
67.026.1
49.3
59.5
49.3
2017 Change, 2007–2017
Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low
Internet access, by human development group (% of households)
84.1
51.7
26.8
15.0
35.6
13.1
24.0
42.9
2017 Change, 2007–2017
Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group
Low
Computer access, by human development group (% of households)
80.7
47.0
20.09.7
23.8
6.3
13.3
30.0
0.4 10.6 0.8
Human Development Index value, 2018
Tests per 1,000 people
150
100
50
0
Figure 11. Very few countries—even those with higher human development—are using widespread testing
2015 Change, 2005–2015
Very highHuman development group
HighMediumLow Very highHuman development group
HighMediumLow
Physicians, by human development group (per 1,000 inhabitants)
3.1
1.8
0.5
0.2
0.31
0.04 0.04
0.18
2015 Change, 2005–2017
Very highHuman development group
HighLow/Medium Very highHuman development group
HighLow/Medium
Expenditure on research and development, by human development group (% of GDP)
1.6
0.5
0.2
0.25
(0.04)
0.07
2017 Change, 2007–2017
Very highHuman development group
HighLow/Medium Very highHuman development group
HighLow/Medium
Researchers in research and development, by human development group (per million people)
3,611
701
251
673
96
217
Figure 12. Inequalities in knowledge and innovation are intense and widening in all human development groups
0102030405060708090
Low Medium High Very highQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Percent, by human development group and wealth quintile
Figure 13. People in low-income groups are much more vulnerable during the COVID-19 crisis because they lack the ability to come up emergency funds
I did not attendsocial gatherings
I washed handsmore frequently
I would have informedpeople about symptoms
I kept 2m distance
I stayed home
Percentage0 20 10040 60 80
91.14
89.42
92.77
68.91
78.05
Figure 14. High global compliance with social distance behaviours