Fighting to a Finish: The Politics of War Termination in the United States and Japan by LeonV. SigalReview by: Gregory F. TrevertonForeign Affairs, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Summer, 1989), pp. 165-166Published by: Council on Foreign RelationsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20044025 .

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RECENT BOOKS 165

ti ve of rational, strategic analysis?he can parse a deterrent threat with the best American analyst. The strength of Sherr's analysis, by contrast, is that he locates his assessments of arms control within Gorbachev's broader

economic challenge and his institutional context.

THE SHIELD OF FAITH: THE HIDDEN STRUGGLE FOR STRA TEGIC DEFENSE. By B. Bruce-Briggs. New York: Simon & Schuster,

1988, 464 pp. $22.95. MAKING SPACE DEFENSE WORK: MUST THE SUPERPOWERS CO OPERATE? By A. Fenner Milton, M. Scott Davis and John A. Parmentola.

Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1988, 209 pp. $21.95. Histories of the nuclear age are typically histories of offensive forces,

with just enough about defense to demonstrate that it could not upset the

ascendancy of the offense. Bruce-Briggs' breezy history reverses the focus,

recounting the arguments and bringing to life the arguers in the subterra nean debate over strategic defense. For anyone who missed the latest

chapter in the debate, Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, Milton et al. offer a readable way to catch up. Done in cooperation with the Roosevelt Center for American Policy Studies, their book is a primer, not a broadside for SDL

MONKEYS, MEN, AND MISSILES: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 1946 1988. By Solly Zuckerman. New York: Norton, 1989, 498 pp. $22.50.

This second volume of Lord Zuckerman's memoirs engagingly demon strates why his friend, E. E. Cummings, called Zuckerman his "favorite

rogue." From anatomy professor to director of the London Zoo and

especially in between, as chief scientific adviser to the British government (a job he created and one that for practical purposes retired with him in the 1970s), he moved easily on both sides of the Atlantic during the great decisions about matters nuclear. If he could infuriate his colleagues and if his opinions sometimes turned cranky, he brought to it all a humanity that is captured by his own summary: "What other life could have been better?"

WAR: ENDS AND MEANS. By Paul Seabury and Angelo Codevilla. New York: Basic Books, 1989, 320 pp. $19.95.

This book is a happy surprise for those accustomed to Codevilla as an

intellectual bomb thrower: it is a thoughtful primer on war aimed at a

generation of Americans the authors regard as prone to dismiss the subject as accident or aberration. Based on a course taught by Professor Seabury, a gentle conservative, the book occasionally strays into polemics?for instance, in pleading for missile defenses. But it provokes enough thought so that the reader often hopes for more?for instance, in arguing that nuclear weapons do not abolish the moral imperative to discriminate in

thinking about their use.

FIGHTING TO A FINISH: THE POLITICS OF WAR TERMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN. By Leon V. Sigal. Ithaca (N. Y.):

Cornell University Press, 1988, 335 pp. $39.95.

Why did it take so long for the United States and Japan to end a war whose outcome was no longer in doubt by late 1944? Sigal's answer is as

thought provoking for the nuclear age as his analysis is detailed and careful: "War termination begins and ends at home . . . rooted in domestic and

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166 FOREIGN AFFAIRS

bureaucratic politics."

Detached calculations of national interest were not

always controlling, either of choices or of organizations under the pressure of war. Indeed, "war may numb what little sensitivity states normally exhibit outside their borders."

FOUR STARS: THE INSIDE STORY OF THE FORTY-YEAR BATTLE BETWEEN THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF AND AMERICA'S CIVIL IAN LEADERS. By Mark Perry. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989, 412 pp. $24.95.

The subtitle is misleading, for this is an inside history of the joint chiefs of staff and of America's long quest for an integrated military. To be sure, there have been sharp disputes between the chiefs and their civilian mas

ters?none more vivid than Perry's account of the chiefs' August 1967 vote to resign over the handling of Vietnam, a decision they later reversed. But such disputes are the stuff of civilian control in democracy. The real

struggle has been to frame policies and advice to civilians that would reflect

broad military calculations, not parochial service interests. Perry is optimis tic about the most recent outcome of that struggle?the Goldwater-Nichols

reorganization bill of 1986?but the verdict is not yet in.

ARMS RACES, ARMS CONTROL AND CONFLICT ANALYSIS. By Walter Isard. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989, 529 pp. $42.50

(paper, $9.95). This is not for the faint-hearted or the innumerate. (And its editors have

committed every author's nightmare: a grievous typo in the first sentence

of the book.) Those who dip into it or use it for reference, however, will find a rich compilation of analytic techniques for addressing conflict, written

by one of the creators of modern conflict research.

General: Economie and Social

William Diebold, fr. OPENING FINANCIAL MARKETS: BANKING POLITICS ON THE PACIFIC RIM. By Louis W. Pauly. Ithaca (N.Y.): Cornell University Press,

1988, 256 pp. $29.95. This excellent book succeeds admirably in explaining why advanced

industrialized nations "have moved so consistently during recent decades to open their traditionally protected national banking markets to foreign institutions." An analytical history of this important process in the United

States, Japan, Canada and Australia occupies much of the volume and

provides a useful record in itself. But it is as a study of the dynamics of

interdependence that the book stands out. In addition, we are shown clearly and quite persuasively how the interplay of domestic and international

pressures from government and business?working differently in each

country?has moved international banking toward something like common

standards. Mr. Pauly, who has been a banker in Canada and taught econom

ics, writes clearly and succinctly, making his book valuable to laymen as

well as specialists.

PACIFIC TRADE: INVESTMENTS AND POLITICS. By Gavin Boyd. New York: St. Martin's, 1989, 195 pp. $39.95.

After a dense analysis of the conflicting governmental and private economic forces at play in the Pacific, Professor Boyd concludes that

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