FIGHTING IN PACIFIC Island Hopping - U.S. military used a strategy of capturing some Japanese-held...
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The End of the War
FIGHTING IN PACIFIC Island Hopping - U.S. military used a strategy of capturing some Japanese-held islands but going around others. First- American ships
FIGHTING IN PACIFIC Island Hopping - U.S. military used a
strategy of capturing some Japanese-held islands but going around
others. First- American ships would bombard the island Next-
Soldiers would wade ashore under heavy gunfire 1 in 3 made it
ashore Last- Soldiers would fight hand-to-hand against Japanese
soldiers. amphtrac amphibious tractor Alligator
Slide 3
Slide 4
FIGHTING IN THE PACIFIC Navajo Code Talkers- Navajo soldiers
were used to communicate. Spoke in native language so Japanese
could not translate messages. No written alphabet. Code words that
stood for military terms using their own language. Saved time. 800
msgs in 48 hours! Jay-sho = buzzard = bomber Lo-tso = whale =
battleship Ni-ma-si = potatoes = grenades
Slide 5
FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES Hours after Pearl Harbor Japan attacks
US airfields in the Philippines. 2 days later Japan lands troops
MacArthur retreats to Bataan Peninsula for its rugged terrain and
holds out for 3 months Poor and Desperate conditions cavalry horses
get eaten, malaria, dysentery, scurvy, primitive nursing (patients
sleep outside) Roosevelt orders MacArthur to Australia I shall
return April US and Filipinos surrender 78,000 POWs forced to march
65 miles to Japanese Prison camps. Roughly 10,000 died - Bataan
Death March
Slide 6
DOOLITTLE RAID Roosevelt wants to bomb Tokyo but Japanese ships
prevented US aircraft carriers from getting near Japan. Lieutenant
Colonel James Doolittle had a crane load 16 B-25s long range
bombers onto an aircraft carrier. Bombs fell on Japan for the first
time April 18 th. Helped raise morale of the American people
Japanese fear the air raids could have killed Emperor Hirohito and
convince them to change strategies
Slide 7
Japanese plan 2 attacks thinking they are secret US Navajo Code
talkers already broke the code and know of attack on New Guinea
Nimitz sends two carriers to stop the Japanese in the Coral Sea
Both sides launch all-out airstrikes Japanese sink the Lexington
and damage the Yorktown Americans prevent Japanese from landing on
New Guinea and keep supply lines to Australia open. CORAL SEA
Slide 8
June 4, 1942 Navajo Code Talkers first learned of planned
attack. Nimitz orders carriers to Midway to ambush Japanese
Japanese run into antiaircraft fire 38 Japanese plans shot down
American planes then attack 4 Japanese carriers with fuel &
bombs reducing them to burning wrecks! Yamamoto orders remaining
ships to retreat TURNING POINT stops Japanese advance 362 Americans
/ 3,057 Japanese are killed BATTLE OF MIDWAY
Slide 9
BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF This was the last, largest, and most
decisive naval engagement in the Pacific. Battle was a disaster for
the Japanese 80,000 Japanese killed, less than 1,000 surrendered.
After this battle, the Japanese Navy would no longer seriously
threaten the Allies MacArthur I have returned 1 st use of
Kamikaze
Slide 10
KAMIKAZE Japanese leaders taught an ancient code known as
bushido, or way of the warrior. Emphasized loyalty, honor, and
sacrificeNever surrender! Kamikazes- Japanese pilots, would fly
directly into U.S. ships and sacrifice themselves for the
cause.
Slide 11
BATTLE OF IWO JIMA Halfway between Marianas islands and Japan
Japanese had built a network of concrete bunkers connected by miles
of tunnels 2/19/45 60,000 US Marines land and are hit with Japanese
artillery US attacks with flamethrowers and explosives 6,800
Marines are killed 1 st Japanese homeland captured 4 days to
capture Mount Suribachi 31 days later the island was secured
Slide 12
Napalm jellied gasoline B-29s loaded with firebombs dropped on
Tokyo to destroy war production Strong winds created firestorms
Killed 80,000 people and destroyed 250,000 buildings By June,
Japans 6 key industrial cities had been firebombed By the end of
the war 67 Japanese cities were firebombed FIREBOMBING OF
JAPAN
Slide 13
Few signs in spring of 45 that Japan was ready to surrender US
needed a base near Japan to stockpile troops and supplies 350 miles
from mainland Japan April 1, 1945 Japanese position themselves in
mountains US fight up steep slopes against machine gun &
artillery fire 12,000 US soldiers died June 22, 1945 US finally
takes control of the island BATTLE OF OKINAWA
Slide 14
TERMS OF SURRENDER US demands unconditional surrender a
surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering
party. Japanese wanted Hirohito to remain emperor but Americans
blamed him for the war and the attack on Pearl harbor and wanted
him removed from power.
Slide 15
MANHATTAN PROJECT 1939 Leo Szilard a Jewish physicist fled Nazi
persecution First scientist to suggest splitting the atom might
release enormous energy Convinced Albert Einstein to sign a letter
he drafted to Roosevelt about the powerful bombs Secret American
program to build an atomic bomb Manhattan Project Worlds first
nuclear reactor is built at the University of Chicago Physicist
Robert Oppenheimer leads secret lab in Los Alamos, New Mexico
7/16/45 first atomic bomb detonated in NM
Slide 16
ATTACK ON JAPAN U.S. was now ready to move on to the Japanese
mainland. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin met at Potsdam, Germany. At
this meeting they discussed dropping the Atomic bomb, the Potsdam
Declaration. Japan did not realize the power the A-Bomb would
have.
Multiple opinions on using the bomb Against economic blockade
& conventional bombing would convince Japan to surrender War
the Japanese and let the emperor stay in power Drop the bomb
without warning For - Massive casualties if we invaded Japan Truman
regarded it as a military weapon Industrial cities = target
HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI Soviet Union declares war on Japan
Hirohito orders surrender 8/15/45 V-J Day