Fig. 7-1 Chapter 7: DNA structure and replication

Fig. 7-1

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Chapter 7: DNA structure and replication. Fig. 7-1. FROM GENE TO PROTEIN Replication : DNA-dependent DNA synthesis; DNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, dNTPs Transcription : DNA-dependent RNA synthesis; RNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, NTPs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fig. 7-1

Chapter 7: DNA structure and replication

FROM GENE TO PROTEIN

Replication: DNA-dependent DNA synthesis; DNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, dNTPs

Transcription: DNA-dependent RNA synthesis; RNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, NTPs

Translation: RNA-dependent polypeptide synthesis; ribosome and associated molecules; mRNA, ribosomes,aminoacyl-tRNA

Fig. 7-2

Griffith (1928): Streptococcal transformation

Fig. 7-3

Avery, MacLeod & McCarty (1944): Griffith’s “transforming principle” is DNA

Fig. 7-5

Background information available to Watson & Crick in construction of their double-helical DNA model

1. E. Chargaff’s “rule” (A=T, G=C)

Background information available to Watson & Crick in construction of their double-helical DNA model

1. E. Chargaff’s “rule” (A=T, G=C)

2. Wilkins & Franklin’s x-ray diffraction data (suggested strongly helical, probably double-helical structure)

Fig. 7-8

Major groove

Minor groove

Fig. 7-8

DNA double helix is stabilized by:

1. Hydrophobic interactions among bases

2. Hydrophilic interactions of PO4 with aqueous environment

3. Hydrogen bonds between complementary

bases (A-T pair, two H bonds; G-C pair,

three H bonds)

Fig. 7-12

Potential modes of DNA replication

Fig. 7-13

Fig. 7-15

5’-3’ synthesis of DNA proceeds by 3’ extension and complementary base

pairing

Fig. 7-16

Replication fork dynamics creates polarity problems in lagging strand synthesis

Fig. 7-17

Fig. 7-18

Replication fork dynamics depends upon cooperative activities of a variety

of proteins

Fig. 7-22

Chromosome replication is carried out by expansion of “bubbles”

Fig. 7-24

DNA synthesis creates problems at chromosome ends

Ever-shortening 5’ ends

Fig. 7-25

Telomerase is special DNA polymerase that maintains chromosome ends

Telomeres consist of high-copy number, simple sequence repeats

Fig. 7-

Human haploid genome 1 m of DNA (about 2 m DNA per somatic cell*) (about 4.3 cm DNA per chromosome)

* ~1013 somatic cells per average human

~ 2 x 1013 m of DNA per average human (nearly 100 round trips to the sun!!)

Human haploid genome 1 m of DNA (about 2 m DNA per somatic cell*) (about 4.3 cm DNA per chromosome)

* ~1013 somatic cells per average human

~ 2 x 1013 m of DNA per average human (nearly 100 round trips to the sun!!)

Average human nucleus ~ 6 μm diameter

Eukaryotic DNA is densely packaged

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