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fifty treesfor AlabamaANR-1288
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AUTHORSDavid West
County Extension Coordinatorand Adjunct Assistant Professor
School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn University
Ken TiltExtension Specialistand Professor
HorticultureAuburn University
Special thanks to Bernice Fischman for editingand Stan Roark and Geni Payne for data collection.
This project was funded in part by a grant fromUrban and Community Forestry.
For more information, call your county Extension office. Look in your telephonedirectory under your countys name to find the number.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and homeeconomics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, incooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Alabama CooperativeExtension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) offerseducational programs, materials, and equal opportunity employment to allpeople without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteranstatus, or disability. 500, New April 2006, ANR-1288 2006 by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. All rights reserved.
www.aces.edu
fifty trees
for Alabama
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Trees in the urban landscape are very special to the people of
Alabama. They provide aesthetics, energy conservation, runoffcontrol, increased economic value to our homes and businesses,temperature moderation, playgrounds and memories for kids,wildlife habitats, and protection from winds. Which trees are
good selections for Alabamas cities, parks, and home landscapes?
You will never get total agreement on the top fifty trees forAlabama, but we tried. Stan Roark, who is a Regional ExtensionAgent for the Alabama Cooperative Extension System, did a
survey when he was a graduate student in the HorticultureDepartment at Auburn University. He attempted to put a valuerating on trees used in Alabama so when accidental damage wasdone to a tree, it would be possible to determine its value in thelandscape by using a formula developed by the InternationalArboriculture Society. He surveyed Master Gardeners, faculty and
green industry professionals to provide a ranking of trees used inAlabama landscapes. We used this information and our ownexperiences to develop ANR-1288, Fifty Trees for Alabama.
Whatever your needs, you will find many choices in this booklet.
Our fifty trees are presented by their botanical names. These arethe official names recognized around the world. We haveprovided two tables of contents one with botanical names listedalphabetically and one with alphabetized common names.Photographs show identification features for each tree. Typically,each entry shows the outline of the whole tree, a close-up of theleaves, and a picture of the fruit or bark. On the opposite page areshort facts to help you determine if the tree fits your needs in thelandscape. Some trees are better adapted to a particular region ofthe state; if this is the case, that information is provided under theheading Area of the State. We have also included at the end of thebook a list of Alabama Championship Trees. Information on othertrees and shrubs in Alabama is available on our Web site:http://www.ag.auburn.edu/landscape. Plant, share, and enjoytrees in Alabama!
David West and Ken Tilt
Fifty Trees for Alabama
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name size flowers fallcolor
bark fruit ever-green
American Holly M NS NS S S Y American Hornbeam M NS S S NS NAmur Maple M S S NS S NBald Cypress L NS S S NS NBlack Tupelo L NS S NS S NCarolina Silverbell M S S NS NS NChestnut Oak
L NS NS NS NS NChinese Dogwood S S S S S NChinese Elm L NS NS S NS NChinese Fringetree S S NS NS S NChinese Pistache M NS S S NS NChinkapin Oak L NS NS NS NS NCrape Myrtle M S S S NS N
Dawn Redwood L NS S S NS NEastern Hophornbeam M NS NS NS S NEastern Redbud M S NS NS NS NFlorida Anise S S NS NS NS Y Florida Maple M NS S NS S NFlowering Dogwood S S S NS S NFoster Holly M NS NS NS S Y Ginkgo L NS S NS NS NGoldenraintree M S S NS NS NJapanese Cryptomeria L NS NS NS NS Y Japanese Maple S NS S S S NJapanese Zelkova M NS S S NS N
KEY:For SIZE: S=small M=medium L=largeFor FLOWERS, FALL COLOR, BARK, and FRUIT:S=ornamentally significantNS= not ornamentally significant
Information at a Glance
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name size flowers fallcolor
bark fruit ever-green
Lilac Chastetree S S NS NS NS NLive Oak L NS NS NS NS Y Longleaf Pine L NS NS NS NS Y Lusterleaf Holly S NS NS S S Y Nuttall Oak L NS NS NS NS NOgeechee Tupelo M NS S NS S NOvercup Oak
L NS NS NS NS NPin Oak L NS NS NS NS NRed Maple L S S NS S NRiver Birch L NS NS S NS NSawtooth Oak L NS NS NS NS NScarlet Oak L NS S NS NS NShumard Oak L NS S NS NS N
Sourwood M S S NS NS NSouthern Bayberry S NS NS S S Y Southern Magnolia L S NS NS S Y Southern Red Oak L NS S NS NS NSwamp White Oak L NS NS NS NS NSweetbay L S NS S S Y White Fringetree S S S NS NS NWhite Oak L NS S NS NS NWillow Oak L NS NS NS NS NYaupon S NS NS S S Y Yellow Poplar L S S NS NS NYellowwood M S S NS NS N
KEY:For SIZE: S=small M=medium L=large
For FLOWERS, FALL COLOR, BARK, and FRUIT:S=ornamentally significantNS= not ornamentally significantFor EVERGREEN: Y= yes or N= no
Information at a Glance
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Acer barbatum.......................................................................1Acer ginnala ..........................................................................2
Acer palmatum......................................................................3Acer rubrum..........................................................................4Betula nigra ...........................................................................5Carpinus caroliniana ............................................................6Cercis canadensis ..................................................................7Chionanthus retusus.............................................................8Chionanthus virginicus ........................................................9Cladrastis kentukea.............................................................10Cornus florida .....................................................................11Cornus kousa.......................................................................12Cryptomeria japonica .........................................................13Ginkgo biloba ......................................................................14Halesia tetraptera ................................................................15Ilex latifolia..........................................................................16Ilex opaca.............................................................................17Ilex vomitoria ......................................................................18Ilex x attenuata Fosteri .....................................................19Illicium floridanum.............................................................20Koelreuteria paniculata ......................................................21Lagerstroemia indica ..........................................................22Liriodendron tulipifera.......................................................23
Magnolia grandiflora..........................................................24Magnolia virginiana ...........................................................25Metasequoia glyptostroboides............................................26Myrica cerifera....................................................................27Nyssa ogeche .......................................................................28Nyssa sylvatica.....................................................................29Ostrya virginiana ................................................................30Oxydendrum arboreum .....................................................31Pinus palustris .....................................................................32Pistacia chinensis.................................................................33Quercus acutissima.............................................................34
Quercus alba........................................................................35Quercus bicolor...................................................................36Quercus coccinea................................................................37Quercus falcata ...................................................................38Quercus lyrata.....................................................................39Quercus muhlenbergii........................................................40Quercus nuttallii .................................................................41Quercus palustris ................................................................42Quercus phellos...................................................................43Quercus prinus....................................................................44
Quercus shumardii .............................................................45Quercus virginiana .............................................................46Taxodium distichum...........................................................47Ulmus parvifolia..................................................................48Vitex agnus-castus..............................................................49Zelkova serrata....................................................................50
Table of Contents/Scientific
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American Holly ...................................................................17American Hornbeam (Ironwood)........................................6
Amur Maple...........................................................................2Bald Cypress ........................................................................47Black Tupelo (Black Gum) .................................................29Carolina Silverbell...............................................................15Chestnut Oak.......................................................................44Chinese Dogwood ...............................................................12Chinese Elm .........................................................................48Chinese Fringetree ................................................................8Chinese Pistache..................................................................33Chinkapin Oak ....................................................................40Crape Myrtle........................................................................22Dawn Redwood ...................................................................26Eastern Hophornbeam........................................................30Eastern Redbud......................................................................7Florida Anise........................................................................20Florida Maple.........................................................................1Flowering Dogwood............................................................11Foster Holly..........................................................................19Ginkgo..................................................................................14Goldenraintree ....................................................................21Japanese Cryptomeria.........................................................13
Japanese Maple...................................................................... 3Japanese Zelkova.................................................................50Lilac Chastetree ...................................................................49Live Oak ...............................................................................46Longleaf Pine .......................................................................32Lusterleaf Holly ...................................................................16Nuttall Oak ..........................................................................41Ogeechee Tupelo.................................................................28Overcup Oak .......................................................................39Pin Oak.................................................................................42Red Maple ..............................................................................4
River Birch .............................................................................5Sawtooth Oak ......................................................................34Scarlet Oak...........................................................................37Shumard Oak.......................................................................45Sourwood.............................................................................31Southern Bayberry (Waxmyrtle) .......................................27Southern Magnolia .............................................................24Southern Red Oak ...............................................................38Swamp White Oak ..............................................................36Sweetbay ..............................................................................25
White Fringetree (Grancy Graybeard)................................9White Oak............................................................................35Willow Oak..........................................................................43Yaupon.................................................................................18Yellow Poplar (Tulip Poplar)..............................................23Yellowwood .........................................................................10
Table of Contents/Common
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Acer barbatum
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Acer ginnala
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Scientific Name: Acer ginnala
Common Name: Amur Maple
Mature Height: 20 to 30 feet
Mature Width: 15 feet; round, densecrown
Seed/Fruit: Samara
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Opposite; long middle lobe;inconsistent; yellow to red fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray togray/brown
Area of State: Statewide (better in thenorth)
Comments: Well-drained soil; nicesmall, multistemmed tree; perhaps lendsitself to landscape or park situations due tomultistem habit.
Amur Maple 2
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Acer palmatum
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Scientific Name: Acer palmatum
Common Name: Japanese Maple
Mature Height: 5 to 25 feet
Mature Width: 10 to 25 feet; dense,domed crown
Seed/Fruit: Samara; sometimesornamentally significant depending oncultivar
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Opposite; 5 to 7 lobes
Bark, twigs/trunk: Typically gray,but can vary to green, coral or pine barktexture depending upon cultivar selection
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Needs well-drained, fertilesoil, light and rich in humus; prefers sun buttolerates some shade; some selections exhibit
leaf scorch when planted in full sun; at least600 cultivars of this tree species.
Japanese Maple 3
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Acer rubrum
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Scientific Name: Acer rubrum
Common Name: Red Maple
Mature Height: 60 to 90 feet
Mature Width: 25 to 45 feet; dense,oval shaped crown
Seed/Fruit: Samara
Flowers: Can be ornamentallysignificant; often the first sign of spring
Leaves: Yellow to red depending uponseedling variation; cultivars have predictablefall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray todark gray to furrowed
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Likes cool, wet, or moistsoils; select cultivars for south Alabama.Mean growth per year: 0.6inch caliper and
1.9 inch height (as observed in the ShadeTree Research Project at the AuburnUniversity Piedmont Substation at Camp Hill,Alabama).
Red Maple 4
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Betula nigra
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Scientific Name: Betula nigra
Common Name: River Birch
Mature Height: 40 to 90 feet
Mature Width: 25 to 35 feet;irregular, spreading crown
Seed/Fruit: Small, conelike nutlet
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Christmas tree shaped; glossy;alternate
Bark, twigs/trunk: White to tanexfoliating with age
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Tolerates wet soils butadaptable; often multistemmed; dropsnumerous small twigs, exfoliating bark ismajor feature. Mean growth per year:0.9inch caliper and 2.8 inch height (as
observed in the Shade Tree Research Projectat the Auburn University PiedmontSubstation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
River Birch 5
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Carpinus caroliniana
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Scientific Name: Carpinuscaroliniana
Common Name: American Hornbeam,Ironwood
Mature Height:30 to 50 feet
Mature Width: 30 to 40 feet; broad,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Nutlet
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; dark green andlustrous; variable yellow to red in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Muscularlooking trunk; gray, smooth to thin
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist, rich soils; underutilized; shade tolerant; can serve as a hedge.
American Hornbeam 6
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Cercis canadensis
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Scientific Name: Cercis canadensis
Common Name: Eastern Redbud
Mature Height: 20 to 40 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 25 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: Legume, pod
Flowers: Pink/purple in early spring
Leaves: Generally green, but cultivarsavailable
Bark, twigs/trunk: Brownish grayto black; twig zigzag
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist soils but adaptable;frequently short lived, but often sproutsagain.
Eastern Redbud 7
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Chionanthus retusus
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Scientific Name: Chionanthus retusus
Common Name: Chinese Fringetree
Mature Height: 15 to 30 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 30 feet
Seed/Fruit: Blue, fleshy, egg shaped
Flowers: White in May and June
Leaves: Leathery, opposite
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brown
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Many soil types; adaptable;
underutilized; spreading, multistemmedhabit.
Chinese Fringetree 8
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Chionanthus virginicus
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Scientific Name: Chionanthusvirginicus
Common Name: White Fringetree,Grancy Graybeard
Mature Height:30 feet
Mature Width: 12 to 20 feet; narrow,oblong crown
Seed/fruit: Dark blue; egg shaped
Flowers: White in May and June; maletrees more effective than female
Leaves: Lustrous green; yellow in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray; ridge andfurrow to corky
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Showy masses of fragrantwhite flowers; moist soils; native;underutilized.
White Fringetree 9
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Cladrastis kentukea
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Scientific Name: Cladrastis kentukea
Common Name: Yellowwood
Mature Height: 30 to 50 feet
Mature Width: 40 feet
Seed/Fruit: Brown pod fruit
Flowers: White, fragrant panicles inMay and June; better in alternate years
Leaves: Alternate; pinnate; green insummer; yellow in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to smooth,similar to beech and holly
Area of State: Northern half of thestate
Comments: Native; adaptable; needstraining for central leader.
Yellowwood 10
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Cornus florida
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Scientific Name: Cornus florida
Common Name: Flowering Dogwood
Mature Height: 20 to 30 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 20 feet;spreading crown
Seed/Fruit: Glossy red drupe; can beornamentally effective
Flowers: Flowers greenish yellow,
surrounded by four white, showy bractsbefore leaves emerge
Leaves: Opposite; yellow to red fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray toblackish platelets
Area of State: Statewide (selectcultivars for north and south)
Comments: Moist, well-drained soils;more than 100 cultivars mainly selected for
bracts; select for powdery mildew resistance;best adapted to landscape and park settings;bracts vary in color and size depending uponcultivar or seedling variation.
Flowering Dogwood 11
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Cornus kousa
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Scientific Name: Cornus kousa
Common Name: Chinese Dogwood
Mature Height: 20 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 20 feet;spreading crown
Seed/Fruit: Red/pinkish drupe; largerthan Cornus florida; very ornamental
Flowers: Yellow green surrounded by
large white pointed bracts after leaves haveemerged
Leaves: Opposite; red, purple, or scarletfall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Grayish tan tobrown; mottled
Area of State: Statewide; better in thenorth
Comments: Moist and dry soils; not as
many cultivars as C. florida; suited tolandscape and park settings; bract colorvaries by cultivar.
Chinese Dogwood 12
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Cryptomeria japonica
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Scientific Name: Cryptomeriajaponica
Common Name: JapaneseCryptomeria
Mature Height:50 to 60 feet; up to165 feet
Mature Width: 25 to 30 feet;pyramidal crown
Seed/Fruit: Small cone
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Needlelike conifer
Bark, twigs/trunk: Reddish brown,fibrous
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Light, deep, and fertile soil;selected varieties maintain green colorthrough winter; underutilized; good screen;
useful as specimen.
Japanese Cryptomeria 13
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Ginkgo biloba
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Scientific Name: Ginkgo biloba
Common Name: Ginkgo
Mature Height: 50 to 70 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 40 feet; pyramidshaped crown
Seed/Fruit: Fleshy, smelly drupe. Usemale selections to avoid fruit
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Fan-shaped green in summer,vivid yellow in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray withridges; spongy in appearance
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Most soils; a fossil tree;very adaptable; awkward when young butgrand at maturity; cultivars available anddesirable.
Ginkgo 14
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Halesia tetraptera
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Scientific Name: Halesia tetraptera
Common Name: Carolina Silverbell
Mature Height: 30 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 30 feet; irregular,open crown
Seed/Fruit: Brown winged drupe
Flowers: White, bell shaped, prolific,pendulous in April and May
Leaves: Green with yellow fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brown toblack ridge to furrow
Area of State: Statewide (doing well inBrewton trial)
Comments: Moist soil; native;underutilized; numerous falling flowers cancover the ground underneath mature trees.
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Ilex latifolia
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Scientific Name: Ilex latifolia
Common Name: Lusterleaf Holly
Mature Height: 20 to 25 feet
Mature Width: Pyramidal crown
Seed/Fruit: Red berries on female trees
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Lustrous green year round, broad
leaves
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray withsmall splotches
Area of State: Statewide (better in thesouth)
Comments: Well-drained soils; largeclusters of berries; very coarse texture;leathery, lustrous leaves; good screen orspecimen.
Lusterleaf Holly 16
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Ilex opaca
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Scientific Name: Ilex opaca
Common Name: American Holly
Mature Height: 40 to 70 feet
Mature Width: 18 to 35 feet; narrow,rounded, dense crown
Seed/Fruit: Red on female trees
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Dull green to glossy green tospiny
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray,splotchy
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist or well-drained soil;many cultivars; sometimes cross bred withother species for faster growing, less spinyselections.
American Holly 17
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Ilex vomitoria
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Scientific Name: Ilex vomitoria
Common Name: Yaupon
Mature Height: 12 to 40 feetdepending upon cultivar
Mature Width: 10 to 20 feet; roundedopen crown
Seed/Fruit: Scarlet berry on female trees
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Small, evergreen leaves,undulating margins
Bark, twigs/trunk: Trunk is brightgray and twigs are purplish
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Shrub to small tree; native;many cultivars; male and female available tooffer dwarf, weeping, and upright selections.
Yaupon 18
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Ilex x attenuata Fosteri
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Scientific Name: Ilex x attenuataFosteri
Common Name: Foster Holly
Mature Height: 20 to 30 feet
Mature Width: 7 to 10 feet,pyramidal
Seed/Fruit: Red berries on females
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Rich, lustrous green year round
Bark, twigs/trunk: Darker graythan many other hollies
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: A cross between nativeDahoon and American hollies; manycultivars available. Fosteri and Savannahmost common.
Foster Holly 19
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Illicium floridanum
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Scientific Name: Illlicium floridanum
Common Name: Florida Anise
Mature Height: 8 to 15 feet
Mature Width: 6 to 10 feet; small,open crown
Seed/Fruit: Follicles
Flowers: Maroon to purple in April andMay
Leaves: Alternate; reddish purple petiole;fragrant when crushed; light green
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brownwith lenticels
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Tolerates wet soils; shadetolerant; native; might work well in roaddrainage areas.
Florida Anise 20
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Koelreuteria paniculata
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Scientific Name: Koelreuteria
paniculata
Common Name: Goldenraintree
Mature Height: 30 to 50 feet
Mature Width:15 to 35 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: Brown capsules containingblack seeds
Flowers: 12- to 16-inch yellow panicles
in June
Leaves: Alternate, pinnate, or bipinnatelycompound; green; yellow to orange in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brownwith ridge to furrow
Area of State: Statewide (better in thenorth)
Comments: Most soils; awkward whenyoung; pruning needed for good structure.Mean growth per year: 0.7inch caliper and 1.5inch height (as observed in the Shade TreeResearch Project at the Auburn UniversityPiedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
Goldenraintree 21
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Lagerstroemia indica
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Scientific Name: Lagerstroemia indica
Common Name: Crape Myrtle
mature height: 15 to 35 feet
Mature Width: 6 to 15 feet; dense,upright crown
Seed/Fruit: Capsules of small seeds
Flowers: White, red, pink, purpledepending on cultivar; mid summer to fall
Leaves: Opposite; green in summer;yellow to red in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Smooth, graywith cinnamon to green highlights;muscular
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Full sun, average soil; manycultivars available to select from for form,size, flower color, and disease resistance.
Fauriei (hybrids) crosses make up most of theselections. Some cultivars can grow tomedium-sized trees more than 25 feet tall.
Crape Myrtle 22
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Liriodendron tulipifera
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Scientific Name: Liriondendrontulipifera
Common Name: Tulip Poplar; YellowPoplar
Mature Height: 80 to 120 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 40 feet; narrow
rounded crownSeed/Fruit: Winged, in conelikestructure; cone frequently hangs onthrough winter
Flowers: Yellow/orange/green; heldupright; often difficult to see on these tall,straight trees
Leaves: Tulip shaped; green in summer;yellow in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Trunk is lightgray; twigs are reddish; bud and leaf scars
prominent
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist soil; plan plenty of space forthis large growing tree; aphid infestations and relatedhoneydew can be a problem for pedestrians, cars, andsurrounding plants. Flower is very attractive but not
obvious. Mean growth per year: 1 inch caliper and 3inch height (as observed in the Shade Tree ResearchProject at the Auburn University Piedmont Substation atCamp Hill, Alabama).
Yellow Poplar (Tuliptree) 23
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Magnolia grandiflora
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Scientific Name: Magnolia
grandiflora
Common Name: Southern Magnolia
Mature Height: 60 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 40 feet; conical
crown
Seed/Fruit: Red seed in prominent cone-like structure
Flowers: Large, white, fragrant fromMay to June, occasionally throughout the
summer depending upon cultivar selected
Leaves: Large glossy, evergreen leaves,sometimes with brown pubescence
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to brownwith prominent bud scars and leaf scars
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Likes moist, neutral, or acidsoils; uniquely Southern tree; highly adaptable;many cultivars available to select from for sizeof tree, leaf, and flower characteristics. Meangrowth per year: 0.6 inch caliper and 2 inch
height (as observed in the Shade Tree ResearchProject at the Auburn University PiedmontSubstation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
Southern Magnolia 24
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Magnolia virginiana
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Scientific Name: Magnolia virginiana
Common Name: Sweetbay
Mature Height: 20 to 60 feet
Mature Width: 10 to 20 feet; narrow,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Red seeds in conelikestructure
Flowers: Yellowish white and fragrant
Leaves: Light green, alternate: silveryback; fragrant when crushed
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray with budscars
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Aromatic foliage; wet soils;uniquely Southern; silvery leaves can givethe illusion of distance; shade tolerant;adaptable but needs acidic soil situations.
Underutilized; can be a good container tree.
Sweetbay 25
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Metasequoia glyptostroboides
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Scientific Name: Metasequoiaglyptostroboides
Common Name: Dawn Redwood
Mature Height: 100 feet
Mature Width: 15 to 25 feet;pyramidal and regular
Seed/Fruit: Small cones; solitary onfemales
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Opposite; bright green insummer; brown to orange in the fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Reddish brown,fibrous
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Most soils; hardy, anotherfossil tree; excellent specimen; goodconversation tree; a redwood for the eastern
United States. Give this tree plenty of room togrow.
Dawn Redwood 26
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Myrica cerifera
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Scientific Name: Myrica cerifera
Common Name: Southern Bayberry,Waxmyrtle
Mature Height: 10 to 25 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 25 feet; narrow,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Dark gray/blue berries inclusters
Flowers: White in spring; notornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; lustrous green withscattered light yellowish dots; fragrant whencrushed
Bark, twigs/trunk: Light gray
Area of State: Statewide (better in thesouth)
Comments: Moist, sandy soils; often
used as a shrub or hedge; adapts well as asmall, broad headed, multistemmed tree;native.
Southern Bayberry 27
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Nyssa ogeche
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Scientific Name: Nyssa ogeche
Common Name: Ogeechee Tupelo
Mature Height: 30 to 40 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 30 feet; narrow,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Red or reddish drupe
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; glossy green; reddishfall color sometimes effective
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to brownfissured
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Wet soil; underutilizednative; performed well in Auburn Universitytests but difficult to find. Mean growth peryear: 0.9 inch caliper and 1.6 inch height (asobserved in the Shade Tree Research Project
at the Auburn University PiedmontSubstation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Nyssa sylvatica
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Scientific Name: Nyssa sylvatica
Common Name: Black Tupelo (BlackGum)
Mature Height: 50 to 100 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 30 feet; dense,conical crown
Seed/Fruit: Blue to black drupe
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate, glossy dark green; red,orange, and yellow in fall generally
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to darkgray to reddish; ridge and furrow
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist soil; adaptable;native; excellent fall color with shades of red,orange, and yellow; underutilized;undulating branches.
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Ostrya virginiana
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Scientific Name: Ostrya virginiana
Common Name: EasternHophornbeam
Mature Height: 20 to 50 feet
Mature Width: 10 to 20 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: A hoplike sack oftenmistaken for a flower
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate green with pubescence;yellow in fall, usually not very effective
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to brown,scaly
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Underutilized; fruits areunique; native; not for areas with standingwater where Hornbeam (Carpinus) should
be used.
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Oxydendrum arboreum
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Scientific Name: Oxydendrum
arboreum
Common Name: Sourwood
Mature Height: 20 to 50 feet
Mature Width:10 to 15 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: Capsule
Flowers: White panicles in midsummerthat sometimes persist to late summer
Leaves: Alternate, lustrous green withsome red highlights; yellow to red andpurple in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Grayish brownto very dark; platelets at maturity
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Well-drained soils; flowerswhen few other species are on display(Sourwood Honey); underutilized native;
great fall color; used in mine reclamationareas; may be used in containers.
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Pinus palustris
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Scientific Name: Pinus palustris
Common Name: Longleaf Pine
Mature Height: 80 to 100 feet
Mature Width: 30 to 40 feet; open,irregular crown
Seed/Fruit: Cones 8 to 10 inches
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Evergreen needles 8 to 14 incheslong in bundles of three
Bark, twigs/trunk: Brown toreddish brown furrowed
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Well-drained soils; native;upright; long-lived pine; uniquely southern,and once a dominant species; Alabama StateTree. A longleaf pine preserve is located atthe Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife
Refuge near Anniston, Alabama.
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Pistacia chinensis
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Scientific Name: Pistacia chinensis
Common Name: Chinese Pistache
Mature Height: 25 to 40 feet
Mature Width: 25 to 35 feet
Seed/Fruit: Robins egg blue or reddrupes in clusters
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate pinnately compound;glossy green in summer; yellow, red toorange in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Orange lenticelson twigs; gray to dark gray with flakingscales exposing orangelike inner bark
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Adaptable; awkward inyouth; excellent fall color rivaling SugarMaple in some instances; most consistent fallcolor in Auburn University trials; durabletree tolerates difficult situations whenestablished. Mean growth per year: 0.9inches caliper and 2.9 inches height (as
observed in the Shade Tree Research Projectat the Auburn University PiedmontSubstation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus acutissima
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Scientific Name: Quercus acutissima
Common Name: Sawtooth Oak
Mature Height: 30 to 60 feet
Mature Width: 30 to 40 feet
Seed/Fruit: Prolific acorns mediumsized; frilly nut cap makes acorn look large
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate lustrous green withmany bristle tips; brown in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brown toblack ridge and furrows
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Most soils; often planted aswildlife species due to heavy acorn
production; fast grower; produced 6-foot talltrees from seeds in one growing season whentree shelters were used in an experiment inMobile; brown leaves hang on throughwinter especially on younger trees. Meangrowth per year: 1.3 inch caliper and 3.7inch height (as observed in the Shade Tree
Research Project at the Auburn UniversityPiedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus alba
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Scientific Name: Quercus alba
Common Name: White Oak
Mature Height: 80 to 100 feet
Mature Width: 50 to 90 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: Medium-sized acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Green to dark green with whiteunderside; fall variable from brown to red
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to blackridge and furrow and scaly
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Possibly the longest livedlarge tree in eastern United States; attractivein all seasons. Mean growth per year: 0.7inch caliper and 1.9 inch height (as observedin the Shade Tree Research Project at the
Auburn University Piedmont Substation atCamp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus bicolor
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Scientific Name: Quercus bicolor
Common Name: Swamp White Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 70 feet
Mature Width: 50 to 60 feet; narrow,rounded, open crown
Seed/Fruit: Medium-sized acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate, white pubescenceunderneath makes leaves feel soft; green insummer; yellowish fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray and scalyto ridge and furrow
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Tolerates wet soils; needsacidic soil; use the number of teeth orundulations on leaves to determine betweenChestnut Oaks. This species has 12 to 20
teeth, but the velvety feel of the underside ofleaves is a great way to distinguish this treefrom Chestnut to Chinkapin oaks.
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Quercus coccinea
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Scientific Name: Quercus coccinea
Common Name: Scarlet Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 50 feet;rounded, open crown
Seed/Fruit: Medium-sized acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; green in summer;scarlet in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Dark and finelygrooved
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Grows well on poor andsandy soils; often has excellent fall color;native. Mean growth per year: 0.6 inchcaliper and 1.7 inch height (as observed inthe Shade Tree Research Project at the
Auburn University Piedmont Substation atCamp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus falcata
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Scientific Name: Quercus falcata
Common Name: Southern Red Oak
Mature Height: 50 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 60 to 70 feet;rounded, open crown
Seed/Fruit: Small acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Glossy green with brownpubescence underneath; long central lobe;generally brown fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brown todark brown ridge and furrow
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Dry, sandy loam and clayloam soils; native; difficult to find in trade;take preservation actions duringdevelopment.
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Quercus lyrata
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Scientific Name: Quercus lyrata
Common Name: Overcup Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 35 to 40 feet; roundedcrown
Seed/Fruit: Medium acorn almostcompletely covered by nut cap
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Dark green and thick; yellow tobrown in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Scaly gray
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Native; adaptable; a specialoak often overlooked and underutilized.Mean growth per year: 1.2 inch caliper and2.2 inch height (as observed in the ShadeTree Research Project at the Auburn
University Piedmont Substation at Camp Hill,Alabama).
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Quercus muehlenbergii
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Scientific Name: Quercusmuehlenbergii
Common Name: Chinkapin Oak
Mature Height: 50 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 60 feet; narrow,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Medium oval acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: 16 to 26 teeth; dark green; yellow,orange, or brown in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray and scaly
Area of State: Statewide (better in thenorth)
Comments: Grows on various soils;native; difficult to find in the trade; takepreservation action during development.
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Quercus nuttallii
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Scientific Name: Quercus nuttallii
Common Name: Nuttall Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 100 feet
Mature Width: 35 to 50 feet; opencrown
Seed/Fruit: Medium-sized acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate, green in summer andyellowish in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Smooth andgray
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Wet, poorly drained, claysoils; adaptable; transplants well; good treefor Blackbelt soils.
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Quercus palustris
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Scientific Name: Quercus palustris
Common Name: Pin Oak
Mature Height: 50 to 90 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 50 feet; broadlyconical crown
Seed/Fruit: Small acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Green with deep sinuses; variablefall color yellow to bronze
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray to brownand smooth
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Poorly drained, wet sites;overutilized as parking lot tree; excellent treefor right conditions; lower branches orienteddownward; not tolerant of high pH. Meangrowth per year: 1.0 inch caliper and 2.4
inch height (as observed in the Shade TreeResearch Project at the Auburn UniversityPiedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus phellos
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Scientific Name: Quercus phellos
Common Name: Willow Oak
Mature Height: 50 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 30 to 40 feet; conicalor rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Small acorn, striated
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Dark green in summer; yellow tobrown in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Gray brown toridge and furrow
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist soils; transplants well;somewhat adaptable; one of our most widelyused street trees. Mean growth per year: 1.0inch caliper and 2.7 inch height (as observedin the Shade Tree Research Project at the
Auburn University Piedmont Substation atCamp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus prinus
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Scientific Name: Quercus prinus
Common Name: Chestnut Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 60 feet; open,irregular crown
Seed/Fruit: Medium acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; green with 20 to 28teeth; yellow in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Brown to blackwith ridge to furrows
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Sandy, gravelly, and rockydry soils or well-drained soils; scarce intrade; preserve during development. Meangrowth per year: 0.8 inch caliper and 2.7inch height (as observed in the Shade Tree
Research Project at the Auburn UniversityPiedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus shumardii
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Scientific Name: Quercus shumardii
Common Name: Shumard Oak
Mature Height: 60 to 90 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 60 feet; broad,rounded, open crown
Seed/Fruit: Medium, oval acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Dark green; red in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Dark ridge andfurrow
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist, well-drained soils;adaptable; transplants well; often has acharacteristic leaf spot disease. Mean growthper year: 0.9 inch caliper and 2.9 inchheight (as observed in the Shade TreeResearch Project at the Auburn University
Piedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Quercus virginiana
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Scientific Name: Quercus virginiana
Common Name: Live Oak
Mature Height: 40 to 60 feet
Mature Width: 50 to 80 feet; verybroad, spreading, dense crown
Seed/Fruit: Small acorn
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Thick evergreen leaves withcupped margins
Bark, twigs/trunk: Grayish to blackwith blocky appearance
Area of State: Southern two thirds
Comments: Grows well in a widevariety of soils but likes sandy soils; uniquely
Southern with its broad branching habit;frequently accompanied by Spanish moss;decay resistant; seems to grow more slowlyin central than southern Alabama; fastigiatecultivars available for urban plantings. Meangrowth per year: 0.8 inch caliper and 1.3inch height (as observed in the Shade Tree
Research Project at the Auburn UniversityPiedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Taxodium distichum
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Scientific Name: Taxodium distichum
Common Name: Bald Cypress
Mature Height: 60 to 120 feet
Mature Width: 20 to 30 feet
Seed/Fruit: Small cone
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Summer/fall: light green;
yellowing to rusty bronze fall color
Bark, twigs/trunk: Scaly gray to red
Area of State: Statewide
Comments:Many soils; native; anothergreat Southern tree; adaptable; will form
knees on wet site; also consider Pond BaldCypress (Taxodium distichum nutans). Meangrowth per year: 0.8 inch caliper and 1.7inch height (as observed in the Shade TreeResearch Project at the Auburn University
Piedmont Substation at Camp Hill, Alabama).
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Ulmus parvifolia
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Scientific Name: Ulmus parvifolia
Common Name: Chinese Elm
Mature Height: 40 to 50 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 50 feet; broad,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Samara
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; dark green; yellowishin the fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Mottled butattractive
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist soils; rapid grower;splotchy, mottled exfoliating bark isattractive; consider some selective crownthinning when young as tree tends to get topheavy.
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Vitex agnus-castus
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Scientific Name: Vitex agnus-castus
Common Name: Lilac Chastetree
Mature Height: 15 to 20 feet
Mature Width: 10 to 15 feet
Seed/Fruit: Small drupe
Flowers: Lavender racemes in mid-summer
Leaves: Opposite, palmately compound;green in summer; yellowish in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Smooth gray toblocky
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Full sun, adaptable; a soft,lavender, pink, or white flower for thelandscape; good alternative to crapemyrtle;good small tree for under utility lines; multi-stemmed.
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Zelkova serrata
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Scientific Name: Zelkova serrata
Common Name:Japanese Zelkova
Mature Height: 50 to 80 feet
Mature Width: 40 to 50 feet; broad,rounded crown
Seed/Fruit: Small drupe
Flowers: Not ornamentally significant
Leaves: Alternate; green summer; yellowto red in fall
Bark, twigs/trunk: Smooth cherry-like
Area of State: Statewide
Comments: Moist, well-drained soils;upright branching habit useful in downtownareas; promoted as replacement forAmerican elm but has not measured up.
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Common Scientific C H S CountyAmerican Holly Ilex opaca 125 76 48 ChambersAmericanHornbeam
Carpinuscaroliniana
49.8 86 42 Macon
Bald Cypress Taxodiumdistichum
324 131 47.8 Baldwin
Black Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica 128.5 112 47.25 ElmoreCarolina Silverbell Halesia carolina 54 56 42.1 LauderdaleChestnut Oak Quercus prinus 156 118 81.5 MarshallChinese Elm Ulmus parvifolia 139 96 84.3 PerryChinese Fringetree Chionanthus
retusus2.5 40 30 Mobile
Chinese Pistache Pistacia chinensis 133 54 71 TuscaloosaChinkapin Oak Quercus
muehlenbergii168 74 98 Madison
Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemiaindica
55 48 28 Baldwin
Dawn Redwood Metasequoiaglyptostroboides
110.8 70 42 Lee
Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis 92.4 30 36.75 Limestone
EasternHophornbeam
Ostrya virginiana 39.5 50 38.5 Coosa
Florida Anise Illicium floridanum 15 29 20 PerryFlorida Maple Acer barbatum 106 110 60 SumterFloweringDogwood
Cornus florida 96 41 46 Tuscaloosa
Foster Holly Ilex x. attenuataFosteri
59 39 24 Mobile
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba 133.8 80 78 DeKalb
Goldenraintree Koelreuteriapaniculata 58 31 99.4 Jackson
JapaneseCryptomeria
Cryptomeriajaponica
62 72 29 Jackson
Japanese Maple Acer palmatum 60 24 29.9 TuscaloosaJapanese Zelkova Zelkova serrata 129 48 30 LeeLilac Chastetree Vitex agnus castus 26 17 19.5 BaldwinLive Oak Quercus virginiana 384 64 112 Mobile
C=Circumference at 4 feet (inches)H=Height (feet)S=Spread (feet)
Alabama Championship Trees
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Common Scientific C H S CountyLongleaf Pine Pinus palustris 122 113 55 Butler
Nuttall Oak Quercusnuttallii
147.6 90 44.25 Madison
Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata 205 126 88 MarengoPin Oak Quercus
palustris109 91 64.9 Colbert
Red Maple Acer rubrum 137 80 79 CalhounRiver Birch Betula nigra 158.4 111 95.7 LamarSawtooth Oak Quercus
acutissima87 66 64 Barbour
Shumard Oak Quercusshumardii
215 76 84.52 Bullock
Sourwood Oxydendrumarboreum
70.5 73 40.7 Coosa
SouthernMagnolia
Magnoliagrandiflora
198.8 90 80 Calhoun
Southern RedOak
Quercus falcata 287 107 133 Montgomery
Swamp WhiteOak
Quercus bicolor 178.8 96 73.5 Madison
Sweetbay Magnoliavirginiana
134 84 59 Pickens
Tulip Poplar Liriodendrontulipifera
248 151 73 Lawrence
White Oak Quercus alba 177.6 99 113 MontgomeryWillow Oak Quercus phellos 265 102 114.5 MarshallYaupon Ilex vomitoria 29.8 30 52.5 AutaugaYellowwood Cladrastis
kentukea46.8 58 23 Colbert
C=Circumference at 4 feet (inches)H=Height (feet)S=Spread (feet)From Champion Trees of Alabama, 2004.A Champion Tree is the largest of its particular species in
Alabama determined by a formula established by theAmerican Forestry Association.
Alabama Championship Trees
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Notes
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Notes
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David WestCounty Extension Coordinatorand
Adjunct Assistant ProfessorSchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
Auburn University
Ken TiltExtension Specialistand ProfessorHorticulture
Auburn University