Field Notes: Delaware Valley Birds · Delaware Valley Ornithological Club Delaware Valley Birds Plain Mountain l Barrens Plain Piedmont Mountain Common Name J F M A M J J A S O N

Delaware Valley BirdsA Publication of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club

www.dvoc.org

Credits ...................................................................................... Page 1

The Delaware Valley Ornithological Club .................... Pages 2-3

Explanation of Terms, Lines, Symbols, and Graphs .. Pages 3-4

Map of Checklist Area .......................................................... Page 5

Checklist ............................................................................ Pages 6-39

CREDITS:

The Delaware Valley Ornithological ClubChecklist Committee

Editor: Richard MellonRegional Editor – Delaware: Colin CampbellRegional Editor – New Jersey: Ward Dasey IIIRegional Editor – Pennsylvania: William MurphyLayout and Technical Editor: Bert FilemyrCover: Adrian BinnsAcknowledgments for Assistance

Tom BaileyLouis BevierEmmerson BowesPaul GurisPaul Hess

Version 1.0November 21, 2002

© 2002 DVOC

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Field Notes:

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club Delaware Valley Birds

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Common Name J F M A M J J A S O N D


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White-winged Crossbill - Infrequent winter visitor. Feeds on seeds of conifer-ous trees. Irruptive.

Common Redpoll - Infrequent winter visitor. Feeders, birches, and alders.Irruptive.

Hoary Redpoll - Recent records in Lancaster, and Montgomery Counties, PAboth in 1994.

Pine Siskin - Irregular winter visitor. Woodlands with birches, conifers, SweetGum or Tulip Poplar trees. Feeders, and brushy fields. Irruptive.

American Goldfinch - Throughout area in brushy fields, and woodland edges.Feeders.

Evening Grosbeak - Irregular winter visitors. Feeders and mixed woodlands.Numbers declining.

House Sparrow - Near all types of human habitations and buildings.

__ White-winged Crossbill

__ Common Redpoll

__ Hoary Redpoll

__ Pine Siskin *

__ American Goldfinch

__ Evening Grosbeak

__ House Sparrow

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Version 1.0- Page 39-

THE DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB by Emmerson Bowes

The Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) was founded on February 3,1890 in Philadelphia at William L. Baily’s family home at 1624 Arch Street,not far from its present home since 1891, the Academy of Natural Sciences atNineteenth and the Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.The mission of this club is the advancement and diffusion of ornithologicalknowledge.The members of this club shall be persons who are interested in ornithologyconsidered in its widest sense.

MeetingsThe Club meetings are held on the first and third Thursday evenings at 7:30p.m. in the auditorium of the Academy of Natural Sciences unless otherwisearranged. In summer, informal meetings are held in smaller rooms. Meetingsare generally well attended and are lively proceedings, featuring a speaker orspecial forum, time for general field notes and announcements or reportsfrom the various committees.

MembershipPersons interested in joining the DVOC are invited to attend some meetingsto determine whether they would like to join. A member at the meetingsshould introduce them. The President will make them welcome.The membership is made up of birding enthusiasts, some may be distin-guished, some are beginners and most are in between but we are all learningand share the bond of enthusiasm for bird-life and related aspects.We particularly welcome young people, beginners and anyone who is seri-ously interested in birding. The club is an excellent organization in which togrow in this field with the wealth of information and expertise that isavailable to members.Bylaws require that two Fellows or Active Members in good standing shallmake nominations to Active Membership in writing. They shall state thequalifications and mailing address of their candidates, the genuineness ofthe candidate’s interest in ornithology and the probability of active participa-tion in the Club.An affirmative vote of at least two thirds of Council and of the members ofall voting classes present at the balloting is required for election to ActiveMember.Fees are currently $25.00 / annum.

Field TripsField trips are regular features throughout the year. Historically the firstrecorded trip was to Tinicum in 1890, followed by more adventurous seatrips from Atlantic City. Since 1950’s as many as a dozen field trips havebeen organized annually. See the calendar of events on our home page(www.dvoc.org) for current and recent field trips.

PublicationsThe club’s principal publication is Cassinia, which made its debut in 1901with Witmer Stone as editor. Currently, Cassinia is published for membersevery other year. Cassinia features lead articles and other notes, abstracts ofproceedings and membership lists. Photographic records, especially of rarebirds in the region of NJ, PA, and DE, are important features.Philadephia Larus is the newsletter of the DVOC.


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Excellent Good Fair Poor Casual Accidental99% 99-50% 50-10% 10-1%

..................Chances of seeing on a trip during the proper season, in the proper habitat. Refer to Page 3 for acomplete explanationof all keys.

Yellow-headed Blackbird - Usually with large flocks of blackbirds in winter. Annual in Salem County, NJ blackbird flocks.Rusty Blackbird - Wet wooded areas and along wooded stream edges.Generally winters south on costal plain.

Brewer’s Blackbird - Very localized farmyards and pastures containing cowsor horses. Leipzig, DE, and Salem County, NJ.

Common Grackle - Common throughout area. Nests more often in conifersespecially Norway Spruce. Millions winter on coastal plain and tidal marshessouth of the Commodore Barry Bridge. Sporadic northward in winter.

Boat-tailed Grackle - Salt marshes and vicinity. Delaware Bay from aboutSalem, NJ and Woodland Beach, DE southward.

Brown-headed Cowbird - In most habitats throughout area. Hundreds ofthousands winter on coastal plain and tidal marshes south of the CommodoreBarry Bridge. Sporadic northward in winter.

Orchard Oriole - Open woods and woodland edges.Bullock’s Oriole - One record: Blue Marsh Lake, Berks County, PA 1994.Baltimore Oriole - Open woods and woodland edges.Brambling - One record: Hunterdon County, NJ 1952.Pine Grosbeak - Woodlands and hedgerows with fruiting plants. Irruptive.Purple Finch - Regular winter visitor to deciduous woods and feeders. Fre-quently feeds on seeds of White Ash and Tulip Poplar trees.

House Finch - Common visitor to feeder.Red Crossbill - Infrequent winter visitor. Feeds on seeds of coniferous trees.Irruptive.

__ Yellow-headed Blackbird

__ Rusty Blackbird

__ Brewer’s Blackbird

__ Common Grackle

__ Boat-tailed Grackle *

__ Brown-headed Cowbird

__ Orchard Oriole

__ Bullock’s Oriole

__ Baltimore Oriole

__ Brambling

__ Pine Grosbeak

__ Purple Finch *

__ House Finch

__ Red Crossbill

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The DVOC Collection.An extensive collection of birds of Pennsylvania and New Jersey with theirnests and eggs was started by the club in 1891 and displayed in the museumof the Academy of Natural Sciences. In addition the club maintained a veryfine collection of skins which were kept separate from the Academy’scollection and used extensively by members to illustrate talks or for study.This collection was always on hand for meetings that were held until early1970s when the bird department moved to new quarters and it becamenecessary to incorporate the DVOC collection with that of the ornithologydepartment for space considerations. Although the skins are used less as aconsequence of the reorganization, they are available for DVOC use and aregenerously augmented by the Academy’s broader collection on occasion.

ConservationMembers of the Club were active in conservation from the earliest of timesbut the first formal committee devoted to Conservation was formed in 1931in response to the slaughter of hawks taking place at Cape May and onPennsylvania Ridges. This committee had the purpose of pursuing the matterof hawks at Cape May in particular and for keeping members posted as tolegislative bills aiding or harming conservation. It remains active to this day.The histories of the wildlife refuges around the New Jersey shore and EasternPennsylvania are replete with the names of DVOC members, past andpresent, and the work of conservation goes on.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS, LINES, SYMBOLS AND GRAPHS

Geographic LimitsThe geographic area includes the entire state of Delaware, then north fromthe Lancaster/Chester County line at the Maryland Border to Pottsville. Thennortheast to Lake Wallenpuapack and east to The Delaware River, southalong the river to the Delaware Water Gap and southeast to Sandy Hook. The200 mile limit provides the eastern boundary.

Chart DatesThis checklist covers a vast geographic area. In northbound migration itmust be expected that birds will appear in the southernmost part of this areabefore they appear in the northern areas. The reverse will be true duringsouthbound migration. These charts express the midrange of occurrence inthe area covered by this checklist.

Habitat DefinitionsTidal - Areas of salt or brackish water and areas immediately adjacent,including non-tidal and fresh water, artificial impoundments, andupland fields and forest. This habitat type extends north along theDelaware River to the Delaware Memorial Bridge.Pine Barrens - Low nutrient, intensely acidic sandy or organic soilhabitats of pine, oak, Atlantic White Cedar or Red Maple, plus associ-ated blueberry and cranberry agricultural areas.Coastal Plain - The remaining non-tidal, fresh water tidal and non-PineBarrens coastal plain areas.Piedmont - From the Fall Line to the Allegheny Plateau.Mountains - Allegheny Plateau.


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99% 99-50% 50-10% 10-1%

Chances of seeing on a trip during the proper season, in the proper habitat.

Excellent Good Fair Poor Casual Accidental Single Record

Species ListThe order and names of the species in this checklist follows that of theAmerican Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds, 7th

Edition, including the 42nd (2000) and 43rd (2002) Supplements. All speciesin this checklist have been accepted in the DVOC area by the relevant staterarities committee.

Abundance KeyThe species’ abundance reflects the observer’s probability of locating thespecific bird in the appropriate habitat, as described in the text, at theappropriate time and location. For example, Wilson’s Storm-petrel is abun-dant during the summer as a pelagic species, out of sight of land, whilebeing much less common close to shore. Similarly, Lincoln’s Sparrow may bemore common in the fall than is suggested by the graph, yet they appear tobe rather local in their distribution and are easily overlooked. Therefore, thispublication tries to present what the advanced intermediate birder mightexpect to find. Each classification is defined in the graphs, except foraccidental, which means less than five records and casual which is more thanfive records and less than one percent chance of finding the bird.

BreedingBreeding dates are noted in the graphs by brackets.

Breeding records are noted in the Habitat GraphsB - Regular breederb - Irregular Breeder

Area Sensitive SpeciesSignified by an asterisk (*) next to the species name. Many species of birdsare typically found in extensive areas of their preferred habitat, rather thanin small fragmented segments of the same habitat. Barren agricultural fieldsover 200 acres in size are ideal Vesper Sparrow and Horned Lark habitats, yetthese species are rare in the same habitat fragmented into five acre blocks.This designation refers to breeding birds, not their migratory or winteringhabitats.

The editor welcomes comments and/or corrections.E-mail Rick Mellon at [email protected]

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Smith’s Longspur - Two records: Cape May, NJ 1991 and Island Beach, NJ1995.

Chestnut-collared Longspur - Two records: Cape May, NJ 1980 and SandyHook, NJ 1984.

Snow Bunting - Open fields, particularly manured fields, lake shores, coastaldunes, and rocky coasts. Often with Horned Larks.

Northern Cardinal - Feeders, woodlands, thickets, and edges.Rose-breasted Grosbeak - Deciduous woodlands. Rare breeder in Philadel-phia, PA area.

Black-headed Grosbeak - Usually seen at feeders in winter.Blue Grosbeak - Low brushy areas, hedgerows, and second growth. Erraticbreeder on piedmont. Common in the south.

Lazuli Bunting - One record: Chester County, PA 1975.Indigo Bunting - Woodland edges and scrubby areas.Painted Bunting - Recent records frequently at feeders in winter.Dickcissel - Recent increases as migrant. Mostly at feeders in winter orherbaceous fields in summer.

Bobolink - Grassy fields and meadows in spring and summer. Scarce breederon coastal plain. Can be abundant in coastal marshes in fall migration.

Red-winged Blackbird - Throughout area, mainly marshes but has started touse open fields due to expansion of range. Millions winter on coastal plain andtidal marshes south of the Commodore Barry Bridge. Sporadic northward inwinter.

Eastern Meadowlark - Grassy fields, pastures, and manured fields. Reducednumbers in winter northward. Declining due to habitat loss.

Western Meadowlark - Prefers short grass.

__ Smith’s Longspur

__ Chestnut-collared Longspur

__ Snow Bunting

__ Northern Cardinal

__ Rose-breasted Grosbeak *

__ Black-headed Grosbeak

__ Blue Grosbeak

__ Lazuli Bunting

__ Indigo Bunting

__ Painted Bunting

__ Dickcissel *

__ Bobolink *

__ Red-winged Blackbird

__ Eastern Meadowlark *

__ Western Meadowlark

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Pennsylvania

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Delaware20 0 20 Miles

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Henslow’s Sparrow - Grassy fields with scattered brush and small trees.Probably extirpated as a breeder.

Le Conte’s Sparrow - Grassy fields and wet meadows.Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow – Very little information available since thesplit from Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Spartina marsh with scatteredshrubs. Casual fall migrant inland in wet meadows.

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow – Spartina marsh with scattered shrubs.Migration timing and overall status is unclear.

Seaside Sparrow - Salt and brackish marshes.Fox Sparrow - Brushy edges and thickets. Often at feeders in winter. Poor inthe piedmont and casual in the mountains in winter.

Song Sparrow - Brushy, often wet areas near water.Lincoln’s Sparrow - Brushy areas and thickets.Swamp Sparrow - Wet areas. Marshes and scrubby fields.White-throated Sparrow - Brushy fields, edges, woodlots, and feeders inwinter. Local breeder in the Pocono Mountains.

Harris’s Sparrow - Hedgerows, brushy fields with trees, feeders.White-crowned Sparrow - Hedgerows and brushy fields with small trees.Golden-crowned Sparrow - Five regional records.Dark-eyed Junco - Feeders, woodlots, brushy edges, and fields.Lapland Longspur - Open fields, particularly manured fields. Often withHorned Larks and Snow Buntings.

__ Henslow’s Sparrow *

__ Le Conte’s Sparrow

__ Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow

__ Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow*

__ Seaside Sparrow *

__ Fox Sparrow

__ Song Sparrow

__ Lincoln’s Sparrow

__ Swamp Sparrow

__ White-throated Sparrow *

__ Harris’s Sparrow

__ White-crowned Sparrow

__ Golden-crowned Sparrow

__ Dark-eyed Junco *

__ Lapland Longspur

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__ Red-throated Loon

__ Pacific Loon

__ Common Loon

__ Pied-billed Grebe

__ Horned Grebe

__ Red-necked Grebe

__ Eared Grebe

__ Western Grebe

__ Yellow-nosed Albatross

__ Black-browed Albatross

__ Northern Fulmar

__ Kermadec Petrel

__ Black-capped Petrel

__ Fea’s Petrel

__ Cory’s Shearwater

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Red-throated Loon - Ocean, bays, large lakes, and rivers. An uncommon migrantand winter visitor inland. Thousands gather at the mouth of Delaware Bay in earlyApril. Freeze limited.

Pacific Loon – Ocean, bays, and large lakes. One inland record at Green LaneReservoir, PA 1996

Common Loon – Ocean, bays, large lakes, and rivers. Seen in great numbers atinland hawk watch sites during migration. Freeze limited.

Pied-billed Grebe – Localized scarce breeder in non-tidal, deep water, emergentmarshes, and ponds. Non-breeding inhabitant of ponds, lakes, rivers, andmarshes. Freeze limited.

Horned Grebe – Ocean, bays, large lakes, and rivers. Primarily a migrant inland.Freeze limited.

Red-necked Grebe – Ocean, bays, large lakes, and rivers. Primarily a migrantinland. Irruptive. Freeze limited.

Eared Grebe – Ocean, bays, large lakes, and rivers.Western Grebe – Ocean and bays.Yellow-nosed Albatross – Pelagic.Black-browed Albatross – Pelagic.Northern Fulmar – Pelagic. Cold water species.Kermadec Petrel – One record: Hawk Mountain, PA 1959.Black-capped Petrel – Pelagic. Warm water species.Fea’s Petrel – Pelagic. Warm water species. One record: 1999Cory’s Shearwater – Pelagic. Warm water species.



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Green-tailed Towhee - Winter visitor.Spotted Towhee - Several New Jersey records.Eastern Towhee - Low understory and scrub at wood edges.Cassin’s Sparrow - One record: Island Beach State Park, NJ, banded, 1961.Bachman’s Sparrow - One record: Atsion, NJ 1957.American Tree Sparrow - Brushy fields and wood edges. Declining.Chipping Sparrow - Woodland edges and clearings. Much rarer northward inwinter.

Clay-colored Sparrow - Scrubby fields and feeders. Increasingly reported.Field Sparrow - Brushy fields, edges, and power line cuts.Vesper Sparrow - Field edges and power line cuts. Few sites remain in south.Needs extensive open fields. Much more common breeder in Lehigh RiverValley.

Lark Sparrow - Brushy fields, edges, and fields.Black-throated Sparrow - Two records: New Brunswick, NJ 1961-1962 andCherry Hill, NJ 1992-1993.

Lark Bunting - Accidental.Savannah Sparrow - Open fields with low grass. More common northward inbreeding season and more common southward in winter.

Grasshopper Sparrow - Scarce. Grassy and weedy fields. Losing habitat inarea. Good during breeding season in the Lehigh Valley.

__ Green-tailed Towhee

__ Spotted Towhee

__ Eastern Towhee

__ Cassin’s Sparrow

__ Bachman’s Sparrow

__ American Tree Sparrow

__ Chipping Sparrow

__ Clay-colored Sparrow

__ Field Sparrow

__ Vesper Sparrow *

__ Lark Sparrow

__ Black-throated Sparrow

__ Lark Bunting

__ Savannah Sparrow *

__ Grasshopper Sparrow *

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__ Greater Shearwater

__ Buller’s Shearwater

__ Sooty Shearwater

__ Manx Shearwater

__ Audubon’s Shearwater

__ Wilson’s Storm-Petrel

__ White-faced Storm-Petrel

__ Leach’s Storm-Petrel

__ Band-rumped Storm-Petrel

__ White-tailed Tropicbird

__ Red-billed Tropicbird

__ Masked Booby

__ Brown Booby

__ Northern Gannet

__ American White Pelican

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Greater Shearwater – Pelagic.Buller’s Shearwater – Pelagic. 31 Miles east of Barnegat Inlet, NJ – the onlyNorth Atlantic record - 1984.

Sooty Shearwater – Pelagic.Manx Shearwater – Pelagic. Cold water species.Audubon’s Shearwater – Pelagic. Warm water species.Wilson’s Storm-Petrel – Pelagic. Occasional in lower Delaware Bay.White-faced Storm-Petrel – Pelagic. Warm water species.Leach’s Storm-Petrel – Pelagic. Cold water species.Band-rumped Storm-Petrel – Pelagic. Warm water species.White-tailed Tropicbird – Pelagic. Warm water species. One record – Barne-gat Inlet, NJ 1985.

Red-billed Tropicbird – Pelagic. Warm water species. One record – SeasideHeights, NJ 1983.

Masked Booby - One record: off New Jersey 2001.Brown Booby – Pelagic. Warm water species. All regional records from shore.Northern Gannet – Ocean and lower Delaware Bay, often seen from land.American White Pelican – Large protected bodies of water. On Delaware Riverto Philadelphia, PA.

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Northern Waterthrush - Swampy woodlands and streams. Erratic breedersouth of the mountains.

Louisiana Waterthrush - Swampy woodlands and streams. Local breeder onthe piedmont and coastal plain.

Kentucky Warbler - Moist woodlands with dense undergrowth. Losing grounddue to habitat loss. Very uncommon in migration. Deer impacted.

Connecticut Warbler - Fall migrant. Likes low brushy areas: particularlygoldenrod and ragweed. Cape May, NJ and Palmyra, NJ are preferredlocations.

Mourning Warbler - Seen spring and fall. Likes low brushy areas and golden-rod and ragweed. Cape May, NJ and Palmyra, NJ are preferred locations.

MacGillivray’s Warbler– One record: Cape May, NJ 1997-98.Common Yellowthroat - Low brushy areas, swamps, and marshes.Hooded Warbler - Wet areas with dense undergrowth and moist deciduouswoods, especially rhododendron and mountain laurel thickets. Deer impacted.

Wilson’s Warbler - Low dense understory and deciduous woodlands.Canada Warbler - Low scrubby areas, often in wet woods.Yellow-breasted Chat - Low scrubby areas, hedgerows, and second growthpowerline cuts. Declining in area.

Summer Tanager - Found in deciduous woods on migration. Breeds in openmature pine-oak woods in south.

Scarlet Tanager - Deciduous woods throughout areaWestern Tanager - Usually with fall and winter robin flocks. Occurrence almostannual.

__ Northern Waterthrush *

__ Louisiana Waterthrush *

__ Kentucky Warbler *

__ Connecticut Warbler

__ Mourning Warbler

__ MacGillivray’s Warbler

__ Common Yellowthroat

__ Hooded Warbler *

__ Wilson’s Warbler

__ Canada Warbler *

__ Yellow-breasted Chat

__ Summer Tanager *

__ Scarlet Tanager *

__ Western Tanager

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Brown Pelican – Ocean, beaches, bays, and inlets. More common southward,but expanding northward.

Double-crested Cormorant – Ocean and large bodies of water. Migrates inhuge flocks in April and October.

Great Cormorant – Ocean and large bodies of water. Coastal plain, primarilyon Delaware River from Tacony Palmyra Bridge to Trenton, NJ.

Anhinga – Most records of soaring birds. Beware of soaring Double-crestedCormorants.

Magnificent Frigatebird – Coastal. All records from shore.American Bittern – Nests in fresh water marshes. Winters in small numbers insalt marshes.

Least Bittern – Nests in fresh and brackish marshes. Likes Giant Reedgrass(Phragmites australis).

Great Blue Heron – Marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Increasing,although uncommon nester in widely scattered colonies - chiefly inland.Freeze limited.

Great Egret – Coastal, wandering inland (common) in late summer. Marshesand shallow water. Nests north on Delaware River to Petty Island, Camden,NJ. Freeze limited.

Little Egret - Marshes and shallow water. Two records: Little Creek WMA/Bombay Hook NWR, DE. 1999 and 2001.

Snowy Egret – Coastal, wandering inland (uncommon) in late summer.Marshes and shallow water. Freeze limited.

__ Brown Pelican

__ Double-crested Cormorant

__ Great Cormorant

__ Anhinga

__ Magnificent Frigatebird

__ American Bittern *

__ Least Bittern *

__ Great Blue Heron

__ Great Egret

__ Little Egret

__ Snowy Egret

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Yellow-throated Warbler - Early migrant. Nests in sycamores by rivers. Locallycommon in south; expanding range northwards.

Pine Warbler - Pine and pine/oak woodlands, occasionally pine plantations.Uncommon in migration away from breeding grounds.Kirtland’s Warbler– One record: Berks County, PA 1996.Prairie Warbler - Brushy areas and fields of second growth. Powerline cuts.Palm Warbler - Thickets, woodland edges, weeds, and open ground—oftenhigh in trees in spring.

Bay-breasted Warbler - Woodlands, oaks.Blackpoll Warbler - Woodlands. One of the last spring migrants.Cerulean Warbler - Mature deciduous woodlands. Likes sycamore trees nearstreams and rivers. Very local breeder. White Clay Creek State Park, DE,Delaware River Valley above Yardley, PA, and Marshalls Creek, PA north.Rare in migration.

Black-and-white Warbler - Woodlands. Uncommon nester in the piedmont.American Redstart - Deciduous woods. Erratic breeder south of the moun-tains.

Prothonotary Warbler - Wet woods with standing water. Cavity nester, oftenover water. Rare migrant away from breeding grounds. Breeds on the periph-ery of the pine barrens, but generally absent in the center of the pine barrens.

Worm-eating Warbler - Thick woods. Nests on banks and hillsides. Very localbreeder on coastal plain of New Jersey.

Swainson’s Warbler - Low in wet woods in south; recent records from CapeMay, NJ.

Ovenbird - Woodlands. Often seen low or on the ground. Deer impacted.

__ Yellow-throated Warbler

__ Pine Warbler *

__ Kirtland’s Warbler

__ Prairie Warbler

__ Palm Warbler

__ Bay-breasted Warbler

__ Blackpoll Warbler

__ Cerulean Warbler *

__ Black-and-white Warbler *

__ American Redstart *

__ Prothonotary Warbler *

__ Worm-eating Warbler *

__ Swainson’s Warbler *

__ Ovenbird *

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Little Blue Heron – Coastal, uncommon wanderer inland and rather commonwanderer in tidal portions of the Delaware River in late summer. Marshes andshallow water. Freeze limited.

Tricolored Heron – Marshes and shallow water. Freeze limited.Reddish Egret – Marshes and shallow water. Three records: Little Creek WMA,DE 1991, Ted Harvey Wildlife Area, DE 1993, and Brigantine, NJ 1998.

Cattle Egret – Drastically declining. Still common near Delaware City, DE andSalem County, NJ. Overshoots inland in late March and April.

Green Heron – Primarily fresh water streams, ponds, and swamps, althoughalso found in marshes.

Black-crowned Night-Heron – Marshes, swamps, and shallow water. Freezelimited.

Yellow-crowned Night-Heron – Marshes, swamps, and shallow water.White Ibis – Marshes, impoundments, and wet stubble fields.Glossy Ibis – Marshes, impoundments, and wet fields. Much more common onDelaware coastal plain. Overshoots inland in March and April. Freeze limited.

White-faced Ibis – Marshes and impoundments. Increasingly reported.Wood Stork – Marshes and swamps.Black Vulture – Locally common and spreading rapidly. Concentrations inupper Bucks and Montgomery Counties, PA, along the Delaware from NewHope, NJ north, in southwest New Jersey and common in southern Delaware.

Turkey Vulture – The northern extent of winter range fluctuates in the piedmontsection depending on the severity of winter.

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck - Marshes and impoundments. LancasterCounty, PA 1993 and Oceanview, DE 2000.

__ Little Blue Heron

__ Tricolored Heron

__ Reddish Egret

__ Cattle Egret

__ Green Heron

__ Black-crowned Night-Heron

__ Yellow-crowned Night-Heron

__ White Ibis

__ Glossy Ibis

__ White-faced Ibis

__ Wood Stork

__ Black Vulture

__ Turkey Vulture

__ Black-bellied Whistling-Duck

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Orange-crowned Warbler - Low brushy areas, particularly in goldenrod fieldsin fall. Primarily coastal.

Nashville Warbler - Brushy areas but can be high in trees during migration.Virginia’s Warbler - One record: Island Beach State Park, NJ 1962.Northern Parula - Woodlots. Has a preference for sycamore trees. Increasingbreeder.

Yellow Warbler - Low trees and shrubs. Near wet areas, often in willows.Chestnut-sided Warbler - Open woodlands, scrub areas, and recent clearcuts.

Magnolia Warbler - Woodlands, often low in trees, and shrubs.Cape May Warbler - Woodlands. Prefers conifers.Black-throated Blue Warbler - Deciduous woodlands and rhododendronthickets, often low.

Yellow-rumped Warbler - Woodland species in migration. Abundant in coastalbayberries in fall through spring, although numbers vary with the severity ofthe weather. Uncommonly winters inland.

Black-throated Gray Warbler - Mostly coastal in fall.Black-throated Green Warbler - Woodlands during migration. Localizedbreeder in cedar swamps in the pine barrens.

Townsend’s Warbler - Accidental.Blackburnian Warbler - Woodlands, high in trees during migration. Often nestsin hemlocks.

__ Orange-crowned Warbler

__ Nashville Warbler

__ Virginia’s Warbler

__ Northern Parula *

__ Yellow Warbler

__ Chestnut-sided Warbler

__ Magnolia Warbler

__ Cape May Warbler

__ Black-throated Blue Warbler *

__ Yellow-rumped Warbler *

__ Black-throated Gray Warbler

__ Black-throated Green Warbler *

__ Townsend’s Warbler

__ Blackburnian Warbler *

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Fulvous Whistling-Duck – Marshes and impoundments. Few records in thelast 20 years.

Pink-footed Goose – Three records: Bombay Hook NWR, DE 1953, Oley, PA1997, and Lake Ontelaunee, PA 1998.

Greater White-fronted Goose – Lakes, ponds, and fields. Usually with CanadaGeese and sometimes Snow Geese.

Snow Goose – Salt marshes, impoundments, and agricultural fields, especiallynear tidal marshes. Seen migrating over inland sites, with occasional individu-als found at a variety of sites. Large flocks at Forsythe NWR, NJ from fall toearly winter. Delaware Bay flocks overwinter. Much more common on Dela-ware Bay coastal plain. Freeze limited. Increasing.

Ross’s Goose – Found with large flocks of Snow Geese. Freeze limited.Increasing. Beware of Snow/Ross’s hybrids.

Canada Goose – Rapidly expanding residential population nesting on lakes,ponds, and marshes. Freeze limited.

Brant – Salt marshes, bays, and impoundments and adjacent agriculturalfields. Occasionally inland in fall migration.

Barnacle Goose – Lakes, ponds, fields, frequently with Canada Geese orSnow Geese. There is a continuing debate concerning whether individuals ofthis species are escapes or wild birds.

Mute Swan – Locally common. Forsythe NWR, NJ, Penn Manor, PA, Manning-ton Marsh, NJ. Lakes, ponds, and impoundments.

Tundra Swan – Large lakes, rivers, coastal impoundments, and fields. Mostcommon in the pine barrens. Hundreds winter in cranberry reservoirs. Freezelimited.

__ Fulvous Whistling-Duck

__ Pink-footed Goose

__ Greater White-fronted Goose

__ Snow Goose

__ Ross’s Goose

__ Canada Goose

__ Brant

__ Barnacle Goose

__ Mute Swan

__ Tundra Swan

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Wood Thrush - Forests and woodlots.Fieldfare - One record: Bombay Hook NWR, DE 1969American Robin – In winter, rare in mountains, common in southern part ofrange. Numbers vary with the severity of winter and the food supply.

Varied Thrush - Feeders and crab apple trees.Gray Catbird - Thickets. Primarily coastal in winter.Northern Mockingbird - Non-forested habitats with shrubs and trees.Sage Thrasher - Three records: Barnegat, NJ 1949, Bombay Hook NWR, DE1985, and Spring Lake, NJ 1990.

Brown Thrasher - Thickets and woodland edges, declining. Primarily coastal inwinter.

European Starling - Throughout area.American Pipit - Plowed or short grass fields and mudflats.Bohemian Waxwing - Wooded edges near fruit trees.Cedar Waxwing - Wooded edges, cedars, and near fruiting trees.Blue-winged Warbler - Second growth woods, power line cuts, and thickets.Golden-winged Warbler - Low scrubby cut over areas with small trees. Rarespring migrant. Hybrids with Blue-winged Warbler are regular in breedingareas and migration.

Tennessee Warbler - Woodlands, high in oak trees. Often resorts to weeds infall.

__ Wood Thrush *

__ Fieldfare

__ American Robin

__ Varied Thrush

__ Gray Catbird

__ Northern Mockingbird

__ Sage Thrasher

__ Brown Thrasher

__ European Starling

__ American Pipit

__ Bohemian Waxwing

__ Cedar Waxwing

__ Blue-winged Warbler

__ Golden-winged Warbler

__ Tennessee Warbler

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Wood Duck – Tree nester adjacent to freshwater streams, wetlands, andponds. Freeze limited.

Gadwall – Impoundments, marshes, lakes, bays, and rivers. Freeze limited.Eurasian Wigeon – Marshes, impoundments, and bays. Usually found whereAmerican Wigeon gather. Freeze limited.

American Wigeon – Marshes, bays, and impoundments. Freeze limited.American Black Duck – Impoundments, marshes, swamps, lakes, ponds, andrivers. Freeze limited.

Mallard – Marshes, swamps, lakes, ponds, and rivers. Freeze limited.Blue-winged Teal – Primarily freshwater marshes and impoundments. Declin-ing breeder.

Cinnamon Teal – Marshes and impoundments.Northern Shoveler – Freshwater impoundments. Also ponds and marshes.Freeze limited.

Northern Pintail – Impoundments and freshwater in upper Delaware Baytributary marshes. Thousands gather in wild rice marshes along Oldman’s andRaccoon Creeks, NJ from late January to early March. Largest gathering ineast. Freeze limited.

Garganey – Freshwater marshes and impoundments.Green-winged Teal – Primarily tidal marshes. Freeze limited.Canvasback – Bays, lakes, and rivers.Redhead – Bays, lakes, and rivers. Freeze limited.Ring-necked Duck – Primarily freshwater. Lakes, ponds, and rivers. Freezelimited.

__ Wood Duck

__ Gadwall *

__ Eurasian Wigeon

__ American Wigeon *

__ American Black Duck

__ Mallard

__ Blue-winged Teal *

__ Cinnamon Teal

__ Northern Shoveler *

__ Northern Pintail

__ Garganey

__ Green-winged Teal

__ Canvasback

__ Redhead

__ Ring-necked Duck

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Sedge Wren - Short grass wetlands along tidal salt meadows. Wet inlandmeadows. Rare and sporadic nester.

Marsh Wren - Common in salt marshes and locally common in large inlandemergent marshes. One of the few birds that breeds in giant reedgrass(Phragmites australis).

Golden-crowned Kinglet - Breeds in mature native spruce, Red Pine, andNorway Spruce plantations.

Ruby-crowned Kinglet - Woodlands, weedy fields, and thickets.Blue-gray Gnatcatcher - Breeds throughout the region in large tracts of forest.Northern Wheatear - Most records are coastal.Eastern Bluebird - Prefers open agricultural land with scattered trees orhedgerows. Takes readily to artificial boxes.

Mountain Bluebird - Four records: Brigantine, NJ 1982, Beltzville State Park,PA 1984-85, 1985-86, and Higbee Beach, NJ 1988.

Townsend’s Solitaire - Three records: Lehigh/Carbon County, PA 1986, BucksCounty, PA 1993, and Schuylkill County, PA 1995.

Veery - Prefers moist deciduous forests with a well developed shrub layer.Gray-cheeked Thrush - Forested areas.Bicknell’s Thrush - Forested areas. Thought to be more common along thecoast in the southward migration but exact status unknown due to identificationdifficulties.

Swainson’s Thrush - Forested areas. Breeds in conifer second growth andbogs.

Hermit Thrush - Common nester in the mountains, uncommon but regular inthe pine barrens.

__ Sedge Wren *

__ Marsh Wren *

__ Golden-crowned Kinglet

__ Ruby-crowned Kinglet

__ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

__ Northern Wheatear

__ Eastern Bluebird

__ Mountain Bluebird

__ Townsend’s Solitaire

__ Veery *

__ Gray-cheeked Thrush

__ Bicknell’s Thrush

__ Swainson’s Thrush *

__ Hermit Thrush *

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Tufted Duck – Bays, lakes, and rivers. Freeze limited.Greater Scaup – Primarily coastal. Bays, lakes, and rivers. Localized flockssometimes in the thousands. Freeze limited

Lesser Scaup – Mostly inland and in back bays along the coast. Lakes andrivers. Freeze limited.

King Eider – Coastal. Inlets and jetties.Common Eider – Coastal. Inlets and jetties.Harlequin Duck – Coastal. Inlets and jetties.Surf Scoter – Often seen flying in long loose flocks low over the ocean. Inlandmainly during migration. Spectacular fall migrations of all three scoters havebeen recorded from the sea watch at Avalon, NJ.

White-winged Scoter– Often seen flying in long loose flocks low over theocean. Inland mainly during migration.

Black Scoter – Often seen flying in long loose flocks low over the ocean.Inland mainly in migration.

Long-tailed Duck – Coastal. Ocean, back bays, and inlets. Inland mainlyduring migration.

Bufflehead – Ocean, bays, rivers, and lakes. Freeze limited.Common Goldeneye – Bays, rivers, and lakes. Freeze limitedBarrow’s Goldeneye – Bays and riversHooded Merganser – Prefers fresh water marshes, lakes, and rivers. Freezelimited. Increasing breeder in Pocono Mountains, PA.

Common Merganser – Fresh water lakes and rivers. Nests commonly alonglarge rivers and streams in the mountains. Rapidly spreading south alongmajor rivers. Freeze limited. Casual in summer away from breeding areas.

__ Tufted Duck

__ Greater Scaup

__ Lesser Scaup

__ King Eider

__ Common Eider

__ Harlequin Duck

__ Surf Scoter

__ White-winged Scoter

__ Black Scoter

__ Long-tailed Duck

__ Bufflehead

__ Common Goldeneye

__ Barrow’s Goldeneye

__ Hooded Merganser

__ Common Merganser

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Cave Swallow - Accidental from south, nearly all records from Cape May, NJ.Barn Swallow - Nests in buildings and bridges throughout the region.Carolina Chickadee - Breeds south of the Black-capped Chickadee line.Hybrids occur in the contact zone.

Black-capped Chickadee - Breeds north of a fluctuating line from centralLancaster County, PA to Raritan Bay, NJ. Moves south in winter duringinvasion years.

Boreal Chickadee - Few recent records.Tufted Titmouse - Forests,woodlands, and feeders.Red-breasted Nuthatch - Erratic breeder, migrant and winter visitor. Prefersconifers, feeders.

White-breasted Nuthatch - Forests,woodlands, and feeders. Prefers decidu-ous trees.

Brown-headed Nuthatch - Permanent resident in Loblolly Pines in southeast-ern Delaware. Unknown elsewhere. Feeders.

Brown Creeper - Mature woodlands, usually conifer. Sporadic nester in south,mostly pine barrens swamps.

Rock Wren - One record: Cape May, NJ 1992-93.Carolina Wren - Reaching northern limit in our region, which appears to beweather related. Population grows rapidly until a severe winter decimates thepopulation and the cycle starts again. Forests, woodlots, and feeders.

Bewick’s Wren - Last record: Island Beach NJ, 1977.House Wren - Towns, gardens, woodlots, and forests.Winter Wren - Secretive winter visitor to shrubby and second growth areasoften near water.

__ Cave Swallow

__ Barn Swallow

__ Carolina Chickadee

__ Black-capped Chickadee

__ Boreal Chickadee

__ Tufted Titmouse

__ Red-breasted Nuthatch *

__ White-breasted Nuthatch

__ Brown-headed Nuthatch

__ Brown Creeper *

__ Rock Wren

__ Carolina Wren

__ Bewick’s Wren

__ House Wren

__ Winter Wren *

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Red-breasted Merganser – Primarily coastal. Bays, lakes, and rivers. Freezelimited.

Masked Duck – One record: near Lake Ontelaunee, PA, 1984.Ruddy Duck – Marshes, bays, lakes, rivers, and impoundments. Freezelimited.

Osprey – Coastal bays and marshes, with increasing populations along theupper Delaware River and scattered locations in the mountains.

Swallow-tailed Kite – Most records from the coast.White-tailed Kite – One record: Cape May, NJ 1998.Mississippi Kite – Regular in mid-May in Cape May, NJ. Accidental elsewhere.Bald Eagle – Expanding breeder and winter resident. Best found along theDelaware Bayshore any time of the year, and along the Delaware River abovethe Water Gap and the Forsythe NWR, NJ in winter. Also scattered in thePocono Mountains in summer. Migration concentrations at all hawk watches.

Northern Harrier – Habitats include salt marshes, open fields. Most commonover salt marshes in winter.

Sharp-shinned Hawk – Recovering breeder in large tracts of forest. Largenumbers migrate through Cape May, NJ, with lesser numbers at other hawkwatches. Much scarcer in fall migration away from concentration points.

Cooper’s Hawk – Recovering breeder in large tracts of forest. Large numbersmigrate through Cape May, NJ with lesser numbers at other hawk watches.Much scarcer in fall migration away from concentration points.

Northern Goshawk – Regular migrant along the mountain ridges in November,rare elsewhere. Rare nester in the mountains, very rare nester in pine barrens.

Red-shouldered Hawk – Declining. Breeds in extensive swamps and forests.Migrates through Cape May, NJ and along mountain ridges in October/November.

__ Red-breasted Merganser

__ Masked Duck

__ Ruddy Duck

__ Osprey

__ Swallow-tailed Kite

__ White-tailed Kite

__ Mississippi Kite

__ Bald Eagle

__ Northern Harrier *

__ Sharp-shinned Hawk *

__ Cooper’s Hawk

__ Northern Goshawk *

__ Red-shouldered Hawk

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Philadelphia Vireo - Woodlands, low to medium trees.Red-eyed Vireo - Woodlands throughout area.Blue Jay - Forests, woodlots, feeders.American Crow - Non-breeding crow roosts can number in the thousands.Fish Crow - Primarily coastal, the coastal plain, and along rivers and majorstreams. Leaves coast for Delaware River Valley in winter .

Common Raven - Expanding in the mountains. Nests at the Delaware Water Gap.Horned Lark - Decreasing breeder in expansive areas of short grass (airports andformerly in athletic fields) and cultivated fields. Winter visitor to open fields andsparse dune areas on the barrier islands.

Purple Martin - Open country and along the shore. Takes readily to artificial nestsites.

Brown-chested Martin – One record: Cape May, NJ 1997.Tree Swallow - Breeds throughout our region, generally near open water. Flocksnumbering in the thousands congregate along the shore from August throughOctober.

Violet-green Swallow – One record: Cape May, NJ 1997.Northern Rough-winged Swallow - Nests in holes and cavities in banks and cliffsnear water.

Bank Swallow - Nests in burrows in steep-sided banks. Large late summer flocks inDelaware.

Cliff Swallow - Breeds in isolated colonies under bridges along the Delaware Riversouth to Bordentown, Burlington County, NJ. Much less common away from theDelaware River. Rare but recent nester on coastal plain.

__ Philadelphia Vireo

__ Red-eyed Vireo *

__ Blue Jay

__ American Crow

__ Fish Crow

__ Common Raven

__ Horned Lark *

__ Purple Martin

__ Brown-chested Martin

__ Tree Swallow

__ Violet-green Swallow

__ Northern Rough-winged Swallow

__ Bank Swallow

__ Cliff Swallow

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__ Broad-winged Hawk *

__ Swainson’s Hawk

__ Red-tailed Hawk

__ Rough-legged Hawk

__ Golden Eagle

__ Eurasian Kestrel

__ American Kestrel

__ Merlin

__ Gyrfalcon

__ Peregrine Falcon

Broad-winged Hawk – Breeder in extensive woodlands. Large kettles ofmigrants pass through eastern Pennsylvania heading southwest between the15th and the 20th of September. Coastal migration occurs later with mostlyimmature birds.

Swainson’s Hawk – Most records of migrants from mountain ridges and CapeMay, NJ.

Red-tailed Hawk – Common roadside hawk. Increasing. Fields, woodlots, andsuburbs.

Rough-legged Hawk – Late fall mountain ridge migrant and winterer inextensive agricultural lands and coastal marshes. Casual elsewhere.

Golden Eagle – Late fall mountain ridge migrant primarily on northwest windsand occasional winter resident along the coast and major rivers. Casualelsewhere.

Eurasian Kestrel – One record: Cape May Point, NJ 1972.American Kestrel – Agricultural fields. Sharply declining. Abundant coastalmigrant. Casual in the mountains in winter.

Merlin – Primarily a coastal migrant, with Cape May, NJ recording over 500 inone day during fall migration. Large numbers recorded at Cape Henlopen, DEin spring.

Gyrfalcon – Very rare late fall migrant on mountain ridges and winter visitoralong the coast.

Peregrine Falcon – Nests on bridges along the lower Delaware River, on askyscraper in Philadelphia, PA and at Forsythe NWR, NJ. Common coastalmigrant and uncommon winter visitor.

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Vermilion Flycatcher – Two records: Burtons Island, Rehoboth Beach, DE1993 and Stone Harbor NJ 2002.

Ash-throated Flycatcher – Most records in November. Scrubby fields.Great Crested Flycatcher – Forest and woodlot breeder.Western Kingbird – Regular fall migrant along the New Jersey shore, espe-cially Cape May, NJ. Casual elsewhere.

Eastern Kingbird – Primarily associated with agricultural fields and pastures;edges along streams.

Gray Kingbird – Accidental along the New Jersey coast.Scissor-tailed Flycatcher – Open fields with plenty of perches.Fork-tailed Flycatcher – Agricultural fields and pastures.Loggerhead Shrike - Migrant and winter visitor, particularly in Multiflora Rose.In serious decline.

Northern Shrike - Winter visitor in open areas with thickets, particularlyMultiflora Rose. Irruptive.

White-eyed Vireo - Brushy fields, thickets, and hedgerows.Bell’s Vireo - Four records, Cape May, NJ 1959, 1994, 1997, 2001-02.Yellow-throated Vireo - Mature woodlands, often near streams, and rivervalleys.

Blue-headed Vireo - Mixed woodlands.Warbling Vireo - Large trees mostly near major rivers. Partial to sycamore andcottonwood trees. Spreading to the south and east.

__ Vermilion Flycatcher

__ Ash-throated Flycatcher

__ Great Crested Flycatcher *

__ Western Kingbird

__ Eastern Kingbird

__ Gray Kingbird

__ Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

__ Fork-tailed Flycatcher

__ Loggerhead Shrike

__ Northern Shrike

__ White-eyed Vireo

__ Bell’s Vireo

__ Yellow-throated Vireo

__ Blue-headed Vireo *

__ Warbling Vireo

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Ring-necked Pheasant – Old fields and agricultural lands. Population drop-ping precipitously from south to north. Locally extirpated.

Ruffed Grouse – Declining in extensive mature forests. More common north-ward.

Wild Turkey – Rapidly expanding throughout region in agricultural and forestedareas, with indications of suburban invasion.

Northern Bobwhite – Old fields and agricultural lands. Declining. Frequentlyreleased by hunting groups.

Yellow Rail – A secretive marsh migrant, best located by its call at night. Alsofound in hay fields.

Black Rail – A secretive marsh rail, breeds in salt marsh grass (Spartinapatens), the low fine grass that covers large areas of drier portions of tidal saltmarshes. Best located at night by its call. More common in Delaware Baymarshes than coastal marshes.

Corn Crake – Last area report: NJ 1905.Clapper Rail – Common salt marsh rail, more commonly heard than seen.King Rail – Declining fresh water marsh counterpart of Clapper Rail. Inter-breeds with Clapper Rails in Delaware Bay marshes.

Virginia Rail – Breeds primarily in fresh water marshes. Tidal, fresh, andbrackish marshes during winter and migration. Best located at night by its call.

Sora – Breeds in extensive fresh water marshes. Tidal, fresh, and brackishmarshes during winter and migration. Best located at night by its call.

Purple Gallinule – Marshes, celery farms, and ponds.Common Moorhen – Fresh and brackish deep water marshes. Largestregional population at Mannington Marsh, NJ. Declining.

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__ Ruffed Grouse *

__ Wild Turkey

__ Northern Bobwhite

__ Yellow Rail

__ Black Rail *

__ Corn Crake

__ Clapper Rail *

__ King Rail *

__ Virginia Rail *

__ Sora *

__ Purple Gallinule

__ Common Moorhen *

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Pileated Woodpecker – Increasing permanent resident in large tracts ofmature forest. Largely absent from southern New Jersey.

Olive-sided Flycatcher – Hawks insects from dead branches at the tops oftrees.

Eastern Wood-Pewee – Widespread forest breeder.Yellow-bellied Flycatcher – Primarily a migrant; possible breeder in isolatedbogs in the Pocono Mountains.

Acadian Flycatcher – This mature forest breeder is expanding north, espe-cially in ravines and wet woods. Deciduous swamps in pine barrens.

Alder Flycatcher – Breeds in bogs and beaver meadows in the mountains.Willow Flycatcher – Expanding eastward. Preferred habitat is often drier andmore open than the Alder Flycatcher.

Least Flycatcher – Breeds in forest edges and wood lots primarily north of theKittatiny Ridge.

Hammond’s Flycatcher – One record: Woodland Beach, DE 1986.Gray Flycatcher – One record: Cape Henlopen, DE 1991.Dusky Flycatcher – One record: Cedar Swamp WMA, DE 2002.Pacific-slope Flycatcher – Two records: Lancaster County, PA 1990, 1991Eastern Phoebe – Nests under bridges, eaves of buildings, and protected clifffaces. Generally found near water.

Say’s Phoebe – Recent records at Hawk Mountain, PA, Cape May, NJ andMiddle Creek WMA, PA.



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__ Pileated Woodpecker *

__ Olive-sided Flycatcher

__ Eastern Wood-Pewee *

__ Yellow-bellied Flycatcher *

__ Acadian Flycatcher *

__ Alder Flycatcher *

__ Willow Flycatcher

__ Least Flycatcher

__ Hammond’s Flycatcher

__ Gray Flycatcher

__ Dusky Flycatcher

__ Pacific-slope Flycatcher

__ Eastern Phoebe

__ Say’s Phoebe

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American Coot – Large lakes and impoundments. Freeze limited. Rare nesterin deep water marshes.

Sandhill Crane – Agricultural fields and marshes. Increasing migrant. Onenesting record, paired with an escaped Common Crane in CumberlandCounty, NJ.

Northern Lapwing – Sod farms, barren fields, and mud flats.Black-bellied Plover – Mudflats, marshes, beaches, sod farms, and dirt fields.American Golden-Plover – Primarily mud flats in spring; sod farms, and barrenfields in fall.

Pacific Golden-Plover – One record: Deerfield, NJ sod farm 2001.Mongolian Plover – One record: Wildwood, NJ 1990.Snowy Plover – One record: near Hawk Mountain, PA 1886.Wilson’s Plover – Barrier beaches and mud and sand flats. Few modernrecords.

Semipalmated Plover – Mudflats and flooded fields.Piping Plover – Barrier beaches.Killdeer – Sod farms, barren fields, lawns, parking lots, and mudflats. Freezelimited in north.

American Oystercatcher – Mudflats, sandbars, salt marshes, jetties, and bayshores especially at mussel beds.

Black-necked Stilt – Salt marshes, mudflats, and impoundments. Primarily inthe Bombay Hook NWR / Little Creek WMA, DE area, with spring wanderersanywhere along the tidal Delaware River to Philadelphia.

__ American Coot *

__ Sandhill Crane

__ Northern Lapwing

__ Black-bellied Plover

__ American Golden-Plover

__ Pacific Golden-Plover

__ Mongolian Plover

__ Snowy Plover

__ Wilson’s Plover

__ Semipalmated Plover

__ Piping Plover *

__ Killdeer

__ American Oystercatcher *

__ Black-necked Stilt *

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Ruby-throated Hummingbird – Wood edges.Black-chinned Hummingbird – Feeders in late fall/early winter. Two records:Villas, NJ, 1996 and Cape May, NJ 2001.

Calliope Hummingbird – Feeders in late fall/early winter. Two records: Wild-wood, NJ 1996-97 and Goshen, NJ 2000.

Broad-tailed Hummingbird – Feeders in late fall/early winter. One record:Rehoboth Beach, DE 1998

Rufous Hummingbird – Feeders in late fall/early winter. Increasingly identified(usually by trapping) late fall/early winter vagrant.

Allen’s Hummingbird – Feeders in late fall/early winter. Two records: NorthWilmington, DE 1997-98 and Cape May, NJ 2000-2001.

Belted Kingfisher – Associated with moderate to large bodies of open water.Freeze limited.

Red-headed Woodpecker – Colonies tend to be nomadic but best found inwoodlots in agricultural areas and, in declining numbers, in parkland oakwoods in the Pine Barrens.

Red-bellied Woodpecker –Found in most woodlands south of the KittatinyRidge, NJ.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker – Breeds in higher elevations in the PoconoMountains, although found primarily as a migrant in our region. Drinks sapfrom horizontal rows of small holes drilled in trees.

Downy Woodpecker – Ubiquitous in woodlands, residential areas, andwoodlots.

Hairy Woodpecker – Prefers larger stands of trees than Downy Woodpecker.Black-backed Woodpecker – Dead trees in conifer groves.Northern Flicker – Common. Migration peak mid-September.

__ Ruby-throated Hummingbird

__ Black-chinned Hummingbird

__ Calliope Hummingbird

__ Broad-tailed Hummingbird

__ Rufous Hummingbird

__ Allen’s Hummingbird

__ Belted Kingfisher

__ Red-headed Woodpecker

__ Red-bellied Woodpecker

__ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker *

__ Downy Woodpecker

__ Hairy Woodpecker *

__ Black-backed Woodpecker

__ Northern Flicker

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American Avocet – Impoundments. Mudflats. Primarily in the Bombay HookNWR / Little Creek WMA, DE area. Casual elsewhere.

Greater Yellowlegs – Impoundments, mudflats, flooded fields, and lake andriver shores. Freeze limited. Most winter yellowlegs are this species.

Lesser Yellowlegs – Impoundments, mudflats, flooded fields, and lake andriver shores. Freeze limited.

Spotted Redshank – Impoundments and mudflats.Solitary Sandpiper – Primarily inland ponds, creeks, marshes, flooded fields,and lake shores. One report of breeding in the Pocono Mountains in the early1900’s plus recent summer records.

Willet – Omnipresent, noisy lord of the salt marsh in summer. Late fall migrantslikely to be western subspecies.

Spotted Sandpiper– Marshes, ponds, creeks, rivers, lake shores, rocky bays,and coastal shores.

Upland Sandpiper – Scattered breeder at airports, and agricultural fields.Migrant on sod farms, airports, and agricultural fields. Declining.

Whimbrel – Salt marshes, mudflats, and beaches. Forsythe NWR, NJ in mid-May is almost guaranteed.

Long-billed Curlew – One recent record: Cape May, NJ 1987.Black-tailed Godwit – Marshes and mudflats. Three records: John ForsytheNWR, NJ 1971; John Heinz NWR, PA 1974 and Prime Hook NWR, DE 1994.

Hudsonian Godwit – Impoundments, mudflats, and marshes. Rarely fields andponds inland.

Bar-tailed Godwit – Impoundments, mudflats, and marshes.Marbled Godwit – Impoundments, mudflats, and marshes.

__ American Avocet

__ Greater Yellowlegs

__ Lesser Yellowlegs

__ Spotted Redshank

__ Solitary Sandpiper

__ Willet *

__ Spotted Sandpiper

__ Upland Sandpiper *

__ Whimbrel

__ Long-billed Curlew

__ Black-tailed Godwit

__ Hudsonian Godwit

__ Bar-tailed Godwit

__ Marbled Godwit

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Barred Owl – Prefers extensive forested wetlands, but also found in uplandforests and tends to wander to a variety of forested habitats in winter.

Great Gray Owl – One found dead in Nockamixon State Park, PA 1979.Long-eared Owl – Secretive, possibly overlooked owl that likes conifers locatednear large old fields for nesting and colonial roosting. Long term decline.

Short-eared Owl – Formerly a common nester along Delaware Bay. Now a veryrare nester. Winter visitor to extensive salt marshes and, less commonly, agricul-tural areas.

Northern Saw-whet Owl – Very rare, secretive nester. Regular winter visitor.Roosts in conifers and honeysuckle thickets. A population of calling birds hashaunted various parts of the pine barrens for years, but no nests have beenfound. Recent nests in Bucks County, PA and Palmyra, NJ

Boreal Owl – One record: New Brunswick, NJ 1962.Common Nighthawk – Breeds in cities and large towns and in the fire zones inthe pine barrens. Regular spring migrant along the Delaware River. Morecommonly seen in fall migration west of the Delaware River. Declining.

Chuck-will’s-widow – Breeds as far north as Manasquan, NJ along the coast andMad Horse Creek, NJ along the Delaware Bay. Locally common in Cape MayCounty, NJ, Cumberland County, NJ, and southern Delaware. Erratic north ofPhiladelphia along intertidal Delaware River. Best located by its call at night.

Whip-poor-will – Abundant breeder in the pine barrens. Locally common, butdeclining in open forests elsewhere along the coast, on the coastal plain, and inthe mountains. Best located by its call at night.

Chimney Swift – Common wherever abandoned chimneys and similar nestingsites are available.

__ Barred Owl *

__ Great Gray Owl

__ Long-eared Owl

__ Short-eared Owl *

__ Boreal Owl

__ Northern Saw-whet Owl

__ Common Nighthawk

__ Chuck-will’s-widow

__ Whip-poor-will

__ Chimney Swift

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Ruddy Turnstone – Rock piles, jetties, and beaches.Red Knot – Beaches, impoundments, mudflats, and marshes. Large concentra-tions on shores of lower Delaware Bay in May.

Sanderling – Beaches. Rarely inland on sandy lake shores, and river sand bars.Semipalmated Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and floodedfields.

Western Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields.Spring records require documentation.

Red-necked Stint – Impoundments, mudflats, and marshes. Best time to locateis mid-May and late July, when adults are still brightly colored.

Little Stint – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields. Best time tolocate is mid-May and late July, when adults are still brightly colored. Beware ofjuvenile Least Sandpipers in late July and August.

Least Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields. Morecommon in fresh water than other peeps and usually on drier areas.

White-rumped Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and floodedfields.

Baird’s Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, flooded fields, and sodfarms. Generally on driest portions of the habitat.

Pectoral Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, flooded, and plowedfields and sod farms.

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and floodedfields. Two records: Bombay Hook NWR, DE, 1993 and 2002 (pending).

Purple Sandpiper – Rock jetties and sea walls.

__ Ruddy Turnstone

__ Red Knot

__ Sanderling

__ Semipalmated Sandpiper

__ Western Sandpiper

__ Red-necked Stint

__ Little Stint

__ Least Sandpiper

__ White-rumped Sandpiper

__ Baird’s Sandpiper

__ Pectoral Sandpiper

__ Sharp-tailed Sandpiper

__ Purple Sandpiper

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Atlantic Puffin – Pelagic. Accidental inshore, bays, and inlets.Rock Dove – Cities, towns, farms, and open country.Eurasian Collared-Dove - Casual. Slowly increasing from the south.White-winged Dove – Most sightings from coastal locations.Mourning Dove – Ubiquitous.Common Ground-Dove – Several 19th century records. Two recent records:Bucks County, PA 1974 and near Pickering Beach, DE 1979/80.

Black-billed Cuckoo – Forest breeder, primarily in the northern half of ourarea. Population size related to availability of caterpillars.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo – Forest breeder, primarily in the southern half of ourarea. Population size related to availability of caterpillars.

Groove-billed Ani – One record: Sandy Hook, NJ 1997.Barn Owl – Nests in old buildings, unused silos, on bridges, and in holes intrees near large salt marshes, fallow and hay fields. Moves out of the northernportion of range during winter. Winter roosts in cedars along DelawareBayshore. Declining

Eastern Screech-Owl – Small wood lots and towns.Great Horned Owl – Forests, wood lots, suburbs, and city parks.Snowy Owl – Airports, buildings, large agricultural fields, and extensive barrierisland beaches and dunes. Irruptive.

Northern Hawk Owl – Three old records: near Philadelphia, PA 1866, BerksCounty, PA 1887, and New Brunswick, NJ 1926.

__ Atlantic Puffin

__ Rock Dove

__ Eurasian Collared-Dove

__ White-winged Dove

__ Mourning Dove

__ Common Ground-Dove

__ Black-billed Cuckoo *

__ Yellow-billed Cuckoo *

__ Groove-billed Ani

__ Barn Owl *

__ Eastern Screech-Owl

__ Great Horned Owl

__ Snowy Owl

__ Northern Hawk Owl

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Dunlin – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, beaches, and wet fields. A few fallmigrants inland.

Curlew Sandpiper – Impoundments, mudflats, and marshes. Almost annuallyat Bombay Hook NWR / Little Creek WMA, DE area and Forsythe NWR, NJ.

Stilt Sandpiper– Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields.Buff-breasted Sandpiper – Grassy and dirt farm fields, harvested potatofields, sod farms, and drier portions of salt marshes. Generally on driestportions of the habitat.

Ruff – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields. Historically hasbeen regular during April at Tinicum, PA (50’s and 60’s) and Pedricktown, NJ(70’s through the early 90’s). Increasingly regular at Bombay Hook NWR, DE.

Short-billed Dowitcher – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and floodedfields.

Long-billed Dowitcher – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and floodedfields. Spring records increasing.

Wilson’s Snipe – Freshwater emergent marshes and wet meadows. Very rarenester north.

Eurasian Woodcock – 19th century records.American Woodcock – Moist deciduous forests, swamps, wet second growth,and old fields. Freeze limited.

Wilson’s Phalarope – Impoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields.Red-necked Phalarope – Primarily pelagic in our area, but also found inimpoundments, mudflats, marshes, and flooded fields.

Red Phalarope – Primarily pelagic in our region. Rarely found on mud flats orlakes.

Great Skua – Pelagic. Cold water species.

__ Dunlin

__ Curlew Sandpiper

__ Stilt Sandpiper

__ Buff-breasted Sandpiper

__ Ruff

__ Short-billed Dowitcher

__ Long-billed Dowitcher

__ Wilson’s Snipe

__ Eurasian Woodcock

__ American Woodcock

__ Wilson’s Phalarope

__ Red-necked Phalarope

__ Red Phalarope

__ Great Skua

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Forster’s Tern – Salt marshes, bays, and inshore waters. Most common inlandtern.

Least Tern – Inshore waters, inlets, salt marshes, and bays.Bridled Tern – Pelagic. Warm water. Maybe regular in late summer well offshore. Most records from shore following hurricanes.

Sooty Tern – Pelagic. Warm water. Most records from shore following hurri-canes.

White-winged Tern – Salt marshes and associated impoundments. Delawaresalt marsh refuges 1974 - 1995.

Whiskered Tern – Salt marshes and associated impoundments. Two records in1993, almost certainly the same bird. Cape May, NJ and Kent County, DE

Black Tern – Salt marshes, bays, rivers, marshes, lakes, inshore, and offshorewaters. Declining.

Brown Noddy – One record: Cape May, NJ 1978.Black Skimmer – Inlets, bays, and salt marshes.Dovekie – Pelagic. Casual inshore, bays, and inlets.Common Murre – Pelagic. Casual inshore, bays, and inlets.Thick-billed Murre – Pelagic. Casual inshore, bays, and inlets.Razorbill – Pelagic. Commonest alcid inshore.Black Guillemot – Inshore, rocks.Ancient Murrelet – One record: Lake Ontelaunee, PA 1995.

__ Forster’s Tern *

__ Least Tern *

__ Bridled Tern

__ Sooty Tern

__ White-winged Tern

__ Whiskered Tern

__ Black Tern

__ Brown Noddy

__ Black Skimmer

__ Dovekie

__ Common Murre

__ Thick-billed Murre

__ Razorbill

__ Black Guillemot

__ Ancient Murrelet

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South Polar Skua – Pelagic. Warm water species.Pomarine Jaeger – Pelagic, with occasional sightings from shore.Parasitic Jaeger – Pelagic. Most frequently seen jaeger from shore.Long-tailed Jaeger – Pelagic, very rare close to the coast.Laughing Gull – Lakes, rivers, bays, fields, and landfills. Most commonsummertime gull in most regions.

Franklin’s Gull – Recently, almost annual. Lakes, rivers, bays, fields, andlandfills. Possibly under recorded.

Little Gull – Ocean, inlets, bays, marshes, rivers, and lakes. Often withBonaparte’s Gull.

Black-headed Gull – Ocean, inlets, bays, rivers, and lakes. Sewage pondsBonaparte’s Gull – Ocean, inlets, bays, rivers, and lakes.Black-tailed Gull - Two records: Cape May, NJ 1998 and Point Pleasant, NJ1999.

Mew Gull – Lakes, rivers, bays, and landfills. Found with Ring-billed Gulls.Ring-billed Gull – Lakes, rivers, bays, fields, landfills, and McDonald’s.Thousands in spring on farm fields.

California Gull – Two records: Port Mahon, DE 1995 & Florence, NJ 2000Herring Gull – Coasts, lakes, rivers, bays, and landfills.Thayer’s Gull – Casual. Several have over wintered at Florence, NJ in recentyears.

__ South Polar Skua

__ Pomarine Jaeger

__ Parasitic Jaeger

__ Long-tailed Jaeger

__ Laughing Gull

__ Franklin’s Gull

__ Little Gull

__ Black-headed Gull

__ Bonaparte’s Gull

__ Black-tailed Gull

__ Mew Gull

__ Ring-billed Gull

__ California Gull

__ Herring Gull *

__ Thayer’s Gull

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Iceland Gull – Lakes, rivers, bays, and landfills.Lesser Black-backed Gull – Lakes, rivers, bays, fields, and landfills. Increas-ing. The landfills near Penn Manor in Bucks County, PA have been one of thebest areas in North America to locate this species. Best viewed from Florence,NJ.

Glaucous Gull – Coasts, lakes, rivers, bays, and landfills.Great Black-backed Gull – Coasts, lakes, rivers, bays, and landfills. Becomingmore common on inland lakes. Increasing rapidly.

Sabine’s Gull – Pelagic, rarely sighted from shore.Black-legged Kittiwake – Pelagic, rarely sighted from shore.Ross’s Gull – Two records: Manasquan Inlet, NJ 1993 and Indian River Inlet,DE 1996.

Ivory Gull – Pelagic. Two New Jersey records.Gull-billed Tern – Local, primarily in coastal and Delaware Bay salt marshesduring breeding season. Possible occasional breeder in Delaware. Regularsummer visitor to cranberry reservoirs in pine barrens.

Caspian Tern – Lakes, rivers, marshes, and bays.Royal Tern – Inshore waters, inlets, salt marshes, and bays. Inland records arestorm related.

Sandwich Tern – Beaches, inshore waters.Roseate Tern – Inshore waters, inlets, salt marshes, and bays.Common Tern – Inshore waters, inlets, and bays. Occasionally on saltmarshes, rivers, and lakes.

Arctic Tern – Pelagic, casual elsewhere. Recent records at Beltsville Lake, PAand Cape Henlopen, DE.

__ Iceland Gull

__ Lesser Black-backed Gull

__ Glaucous Gull

__ Great Black-backed Gull *

__ Sabine’s Gull

__ Black-legged Kittiwake

__ Ross’s Gull

__ Ivory Gull

__ Gull-billed Tern *

__ Caspian Tern *

__ Royal Tern

__ Sandwich Tern

__ Roseate Tern

__ Common Tern *

__ Arctic Tern

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Documents

Field Notes: Delaware Valley Birds · Delaware Valley Ornithological Club Delaware Valley Birds Plain Mountain l Barrens Plain Piedmont Mountain Common Name J F M A M J J A S O N