Fibre Crops

7/24/2019 Fibre Crops

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Fibre CropsFibre Crops

CottonCotton

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It is white goldIt is white gold

Backbone of textile industryBackbone of textile industry

Contributes 7% of GDPContributes 7% of GDPProiding e!ploy!ent to "# !illionProiding e!ploy!ent to "# !illion

people in Indiapeople in India

$% world&s fibre need is !et fro!$% world&s fibre need is !et fro!'#% of world&s edible oil'#% of world&s edible oil

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CottonCotton

I!portance of cotton(((I!portance of cotton((( It is cultiated pri!arily for lintIt is cultiated pri!arily for lint

)aw cotton is also used for !edical and surgical)aw cotton is also used for !edical and surgical

purposepurpose *inters are used cushions+ pillows etc*inters are used cushions+ pillows etc

,lso used for high grade paper+ rayon+ fil!s+,lso used for high grade paper+ rayon+ fil!s+

explosiesexplosies

-talk is a fuel-talk is a fuel -eed crushed for edible oil-eed crushed for edible oil

Cakes and !eals are excellent cattle feedCakes and !eals are excellent cattle feed

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Cotton . /orld production -cenarioCotton . /orld production -cenario

SR

CountryCountry ,rea 01 ha,rea 01 ha *int 01*int 01tonnestonnes

kg lint 2hakg lint 2ha

IndiaIndia 3(43(4 5(#5(# 547547

6-,6-, (4(4 $('$(' 734734ChinaChina $(7$(7 $(4$(4 3#3#

PakPak 5(45(4 '("'(" $37$37

68bekistan68bekistan '('( '(#'(# "3"3

/orld/orld 55(55( '3($'3($ 7$7$

9 ,rgentine+ :urkey+ Bra8il+ :urk!enistan+ Greece+ ,ustralia+ ;gypt


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Cotton .Cotton . IndianIndian-cenario-cenario

SR

-tate-tate ,rea 01 ha,rea 01 ha *int 01 tonnes*int 01 tonnes kg lint 2hakg lint 2ha

1aharastra1aharastra 5('#5('# #("#(" '4'4

Gu>aratGu>arat '(4'(4 #($5#($5 4444

,P,P '(#''(#' #($#($ $77$77

Pun>abPun>ab #(7$#(7$ #(47#(47 5"75"7

?arnataka?arnataka #("7#("7 #('#(' 443443

@aryana@aryana #("#(" #(45#(45 5$5$

)a>asthan)a>asthan #("#(" #(4$#(4$ 5"$5"$

1P1P #(5#(5 #(54#(54 "#"#

:A:A #(4"#(4" #(#3#(#3 5"#5"#

IndiaIndia 3('73('7 4(374(37 547547


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Cotton 0 ,rea in India


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Cotton 0 Productiity in India


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CottonCotton

Cotton is cultiated in 3 states in IndiaCotton is cultiated in 3 states in India

,rea is classified as,rea is classified as

Aorthern . Pun>ab+ @aryana+ A/ )a>asthan EAorthern . Pun>ab+ @aryana+ A/ )a>asthan E/( 6P arat E -(

ra>asthan asthan


9/37

CottonCotton

riginriginld world cotton with ,& geno!e !ay beld world cotton with ,& geno!e !ay be

fro! -outhern ;thiopiafro! -outhern ;thiopiaG. arboreumG. arboreumandand G. harbaceumG. harbaceum

Called as desi& cottonCalled as desi& cotton

Aew world cotton D& geno!eAew world cotton D& geno!eG. barbadense,(Egyptian) G hirsutmG. barbadense,(Egyptian) G hirsutm


10/37

CottonCotton

Cultiars and hybridsCultiars and hybrids *ot of work on arietal i!proe!ent as early as '3##*ot of work on arietal i!proe!ent as early as '3## @ybrids are aailable at plenty@ybrids are aailable at plenty

@irsutu! arieties are fa!ous@irsutu! arieties are fa!ous 1C6 series1C6 series 1C6 + 7+ 3+ '#+ ''+ '41C6 + 7+ 3+ '#+ ''+ '4

*), '""*), '""

,rboreu!,rboreu! ? 3+ '#+ ''? 3+ '#+ ''

BarbedenseBarbedense -uin ali=+ -urabi-uin ali=+ -urabi

@ybrids@ybrids Hayalaksh!i+ :C@B 4'5+ @B 44$+Hayalaksh!i+ :C@B 4'5+ @B 44$+

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CottonCotton

:he plant:he plant )oot)oot

:ap root syste!:ap root syste!Grows !ore than '(" !Grows !ore than '(" !

-hoot and branches-hoot and branches1onopodiu! and sy!podia1onopodiu! and sy!podia It is si!ilar in all except arboreu!It is si!ilar in all except arboreu!

In arboreu! growth continues in !onopodiu!In arboreu! growth continues in !onopodiu!

*eaf*eaf-pirally arranged on the !ain ste!-pirally arranged on the !ain ste!

Fruiting structureFruiting structureBegins as flower bud or suareBegins as flower bud or suare,fter flowering t beco!es a fruit called boll,fter flowering t beco!es a fruit called boll

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CottonCotton

Growth stages ((Growth stages ((Ger!ination phase 0$07 daysGer!ination phase 0$07 days

;arly egetatie phase;arly egetatie phase

-uaring0 it !ay be fro! 507#D,- depending upon-uaring0 it !ay be fro! 507#D,- depending upon :he ariety:he ariety

*ocation and*ocation and

1anage!ent1anage!ent

FloweringFlowering 4#05 days after first suare for!ation4#05 days after first suare for!ation

It continues for "#0# daysIt continues for "#0# days

@oweer peak flowering is 7#0'## D,-@oweer peak flowering is 7#0'## D,-

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CottonCotton

Growth stages JGrowth stages J Boll deelop!entBoll deelop!ent/ithin '0' days boll attains 3#% si8e/ithin '0' days boll attains 3#% si8e

1ature si8e is attained within 4 days1ature si8e is attained within 4 days

Cotton fibre deelops fro! the outer!ost cells of theCotton fibre deelops fro! the outer!ost cells of the

seed0coatseed0coat

Fibre elongation is co!plete by day 4'04$Fibre elongation is co!plete by day 4'04$

-econdary wall thickening strengthens the fibre and-econdary wall thickening strengthens the fibre and

continues up to 5#0$# days after anthesiscontinues up to 5#0$# days after anthesis

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CottonCotton

Cli!ateCli!ate, !ean aerage te!p of K', !ean aerage te!p of K'LLC for cropC for crop

growthgrowth

pti!u! te!p for egetatie growth is 4'pti!u! te!p for egetatie growth is 4'LCLCFor fruiting a day te!p of 4705#For fruiting a day te!p of 4705#LLC with largeC with large

diurnal ariationdiurnal ariation

Frostless period of '#04## daysFrostless period of '#04## days/ell distributed seasonal rainfall/ell distributed seasonal rainfallpen sunny weatherpen sunny weather

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-oils-oils, soil to a depth of not less than "#c!, soil to a depth of not less than "#c!

-andy+ sandy loa!+ black soils-andy+ sandy loa!+ black soils/hen the rainfall is heay 0 a coarse textured soil/hen the rainfall is heay 0 a coarse textured soil

/hen !oisture is proble! then clay soil/hen !oisture is proble! then clay soil

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-eason-eason Aorth MoneAorth Mone

''stst week of 1ayweek of 1ay

For the new arieties 5For the new arieties 5rdrdweek to 'week to 'ststweek of Huneweek of Hune Central 8oneCentral 8one

55rdrdweek of Hune to 'week of Hune to 'ststweek of Hulyweek of Huly

Irrigated !ay start fro! 1archIrrigated !ay start fro! 1arch

-outhern 8one-outhern 8one Hune in ?arnatakaHune in ?arnataka

Hun 2 Huly in red soil of ,PHun 2 Huly in red soil of ,P

,ugust in :A,ugust in :A

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Field preparationField preparationFine tilth is not a pre0reuisiteFine tilth is not a pre0reuisite

,pplication of FN1 2 co!post,pplication of FN1 2 co!post

Chiseling !ay be to break hard panChiseling !ay be to break hard pan

For!ing ridges and furrows is idealFor!ing ridges and furrows is ideal

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-pacing and seed rate-pacing and seed rate

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Oariety 2 @ybridOariety 2 @ybrid -pacing-pacing -eed 0-eed 0Fu88Fu88

-eed0-eed0DelintedDelinted

-eed-eedAakedAaked

1C6+ 3+ ''+ -OP) 4+ *),1C6+ 3+ ''+ -OP) 4+ *),

'""'""

7 x 5#7 x 5# '' 7(7( 00

?C 4?C 4 $ x '$ x ' 4#4# '' 00

-6OIA-6OIA 3# x $3# x $ 00 00 ""

Hayalaksh!i+ @B 44$+Hayalaksh!i+ @B 44$+

:C@B 4'5:C@B 4'5'4# x "#'4# x "# 5(75(7 4(4( 00

16C 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: '16C 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: ' "# x 5#"# x 5# '' 7(7( 00


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20/37

In organic fertili8er . kg 2haIn organic fertili8er . kg 2ha

SR

Oariety 2 @ybridOariety 2 @ybrid AA PP44 ??44

1C6+ 3+ ''+ -OP) 4+ *), '""1C6+ 3+ ''+ -OP) 4+ *), '"" ## $#$# $#$#

16C 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: '16C 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: ' "#"# 5#5# 5#5#

-6OIA-6OIA

Hayalaksh!i+ @B 44$+ :C@B 4'5Hayalaksh!i+ @B 44$+ :C@B 4'5 '4#'4# "#"# "#"#


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P E ? as per soil test:i!e of application for Group I E II A 9 P9? basal at $#0$ D,-

For Group IIIA as three eual splits as basal+ $#0$ and "#0"

D,- If the preious crop if heaily fertili8ed < for crop likeIf the preious crop if heaily fertili8ed < for crop like

ragi= reduce A leel by 4%ragi= reduce A leel by 4% If basal not applied fertili8er !ay be applied at 4If basal not applied fertili8er !ay be applied at 4 thth

D,-D,-,pplication of a8ospirillu!& saes 4% A reuire!ent,pplication of a8ospirillu!& saes 4% A reuire!ent

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In organic fertili8erJIn organic fertili8erJ


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@erbicide applicationPre0e!ergence application ofPre0e!ergence application of

Fluchloralin '(# kgFluchloralin '(# kgPendi!ethalin '(# kgPendi!ethalin '(# kg

@and weeding at 5#0$ D,-@and weeding at 5#0$ D,-

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/eed !anage!ent/eed !anage!ent


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IrrigationIrrigation Cotton can be irrigated atCotton can be irrigated at

7% depletion aailable soil !oisture in clay7% depletion aailable soil !oisture in clay

#% ,-1 at sandy loa! soils#% ,-1 at sandy loa! soils

;arly irrigation is i!portant to hae proper plant growth;arly irrigation is i!portant to hae proper plant growth ,n !ild stress before flowering is adantageous,n !ild stress before flowering is adantageous ,fter flowering ery crucial,fter flowering ery crucial

Deficit results in fruit abscissionDeficit results in fruit abscission ;xcess leads to excess egetatie growth;xcess leads to excess egetatie growth

1ethods of irrigation1ethods of irrigation Flooding through furrowsFlooding through furrows -urge !ay be followed-urge !ay be followed Drip fetigation is also possibleDrip fetigation is also possible

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Gap filling on '#thday -eedlings raised fro! by polyethylene bag !ay be

useful

:hin the seedlings to single plant on ':hin the seedlings to single plant on ' ththdayday;arthing up;arthing up

Digging and earthing up is essential for soil aerationDigging and earthing up is essential for soil aeration

AippingAipping

If !onopodia continues !ore than ' nodesIf !onopodia continues !ore than ' nodes

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,fter cultiation,fter cultiation

:hinning and gap filling:hinning and gap filling


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@aresting@aresting @and picking is usual practice@and picking is usual practice -trippers . spindle or brush type is used in-trippers . spindle or brush type is used in

deeloped countriesdeeloped countries PeriodicalPeriodical ;arly !orning;arly !orning /ithout bracts or with !ini!u!/ithout bracts or with !ini!u!

1ay be !achinery1ay be !achinery 1ethod of sowing needs change1ethod of sowing needs change Oarietals preferenceOarietals preference ne ti!e harestne ti!e harest /eather at !aturity


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Quality para!etersQuality para!etersGinning percentageGinning percentage ColorColor

:rash:rash Fibre ualityFibre uality Fibre lengthFibre length Fibre finenessFibre fineness Fibre sterngthFibre sterngth -pinning perfor!ance-pinning perfor!anceil content


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Oery I!portant !anage!entOery I!portant !anage!entPests and disease controlPests and disease control

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Cropping syste!Cropping syste! )ainfed areas)ainfed areas

1ono cropped1ono cropped

1ono with !ixed crops1ono with !ixed crops

Pulses+ !illets+ groundnutPulses+ !illets+ groundnut

IrrigatedIrrigated

Cotton . wheatCotton . wheatCotton . pulse . !illetsCotton . pulse . !illets

)ice 0 cotton)ice 0 cotton

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)ice fallow cotton)ice fallow cotton -eason-eason

Han 'Han 'thth

.Feb '.Feb 'thth

FieldField

I!!ediately after the harest of riceI!!ediately after the harest of rice -owing at waxy soil condition-owing at waxy soil condition

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)ice fallow cotton)ice fallow cotton FieldField

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)ice fallow cotton)ice fallow cotton FieldField

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)ice fallow fields)ice fallow fields China . egetable cultiationChina . egetable cultiation

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)ice fallow cotton)ice fallow cotton -eason-eason Han 'Han 'thth.Feb '.Feb 'thth

FieldField I!!ediately after the harest of riceI!!ediately after the harest of rice -owing at waxy soil condition-owing at waxy soil condition

OarietiesOarieties1C6 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: ' *), '""1C6 7+ -OP) '+ ,D: ' *), '""

-pacing-pacing "# x 5# and


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)ice fallow cotton ()ice fallow cotton ( Fertili8ersFertili8ers

"#5#5#"#5#5#Gap filling and thinningGap filling and thinningGap filling fro! 7Gap filling fro! 7ththday onwardsday onwards

:hinning on ':hinning on 'thth

dayday@and weeding around the plant@and weeding around the plantFro! 'Fro! 'thth dayday

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)ice fallow cotton (()ice fallow cotton (( Digging the rows and earthing upDigging the rows and earthing up

Fro! 4'Fro! 4'stst

dayday IrrigationIrrigation,fter drying of the soil dug between the rows,fter drying of the soil dug between the rows

Fertili8er applicationFertili8er application,round 5,round 5ththdayday

Followed by 'Followed by 'ststirrigationirrigation

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)ice fallow cotton J)ice fallow cotton J ;arthing up;arthing up

,round $#,round $#thth

day after the !oisture dried andday after the !oisture dried andsoil loosened for second ti!esoil loosened for second ti!e

44ndndirrigation !ay be around #0"# D,-irrigation !ay be around #0"# D,-

Plant protectionPlant protection,s per the need,s per the need

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Fibre Crops