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Fibers
Fibers
Types of Fibers
Steel Glass Synthetic Natural
Fibers
Effects of Different Fibers on Concrete Properties
Effect Type of Fiber
Reduced plastic shrinkage cracking
Synthetic,
Steel
Increased tensile strength
Glass,
Steel,
Carbon
Increased flexural strength
Steel,
Glass
Fibers
Steel Fibers
Fibers
Properties of Steel Fibers
Relative density
Diameter, µm
(0.001 in.)
Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)
Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)
Strain at failure, %
7.80 100-1000 500-2600 210,000 0.5-3.5
(4-40) (70-380) (30,000)
Fibers
Application and Fabrication Methods of Steel Fibers
Conventionally mixed—used for Overlays
Shotcrete Stabilization of rockslopes Tunnel linings Coal mine shaft linings
Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete
Fibers
Slurry-Infiltrated Concrete (SIFCON)
Cement 1000 kg/m3
(1686 lb/yd3)
Water330 kg/m3
(556 lb/yd3)
Siliceous Sand 0.7 mm
860 kg/m3 (1450 lb/yd3)
Silica Slurry13 kg/m3 (1.3
lb/yd3)
High-Range Water Reducer
35 kg/m3 (3.7 lb/yd3)
Steel Fibers (about 10 Vol.-%)
800 kg/m3 (84 lb/yd3)
Fibers
Glass Fibers
Fibers
Properties of Glass Fibers
Glass fiber type
Relative density
Diameter, µm (0.001
in.)
Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)
Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)
Strain at failure,
%
E 2.54 8-15 2000-4000 72,000 3.0-4.8
(0.3-0.6) (290-580) (10,400)
AR 2.70 12-20 1500-3700 80,000 2.5-3.6
(0.5-0.8) (220-540) (11,600)
Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Acrylic Aramid Carbon Nylon Polyester Polypropylene
(Photo)
Fibers
Properties of Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic fiber type
Relative density
Diameter, µm
Tensile strength,
MPaModulus of
elasticity, MPa
Strain at failure,
%
Acrylic 1.18 5-17 200-1000 17,000-19,000 28-50
Aramid 1.44 10-12 2000-3100 62,000-120,000 2-3.5
Carbon 1.90 8-0 1800-2600 230,000-380,000 0.5-1.5
Nylon 1.14 23 1000 5,200 20
Polyester 1.38 10-80 280-1200 10,000-18,000 10-50
Poly-ethylene
0.96 25-1000 80-600 5,000 12-100
Poly-propylene
0.90 20-200 450-700 3,500-5,200 6-15
Metric
Fibers
Properties of Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic fiber type
Relative density
Diameter, 0.001 in.
Tensile strength, ksi
Modulus of elasticity, ksi
Strain at failure, %
Acrylic 1.18 0.2-0.7 30-145 2,500-2,800 28-50
Aramid 1.44 0.4-0.47 300-450 9,000-17,000 2-3.5
Carbon 1.90 0.3-0.35 260-380 33,400-55,100 0.5-1.5
Nylon 1.14 0.9 140 750 20
Polyester 1.38 0.4-3.0 40-170 1,500-2,500 10-50
Poly-
ethylene0.96 1-40 11-85 725 12-100
Poly-
propylene0.90 0.8-8 65-100 500-750 6-15
Inch-Pound
Fibers
Properties of Natural Fibers
Natural fiber type
Relative density
Diameter, µm (0.001
in.)
Tensile strength, MPa (ksi)
Modulus of elasticity, MPa (ksi)
Strain at failure,
%
Wood cellulose
1.5025-125
(1-5)350-2000 (51-290)
10,000-40,000 (1,500-5,800)
Sisal280-600 (40-85)
13,000-25,000 (1,900-3,800)
3.5
Coconut 1.12-1.15100-400
(4-16)120-200 (17-29)
19,000-25,000 (2,800-3,800)
10-25
Bamboo 1.5050-400
(2-16)350-500 (51-73)
33,000-40,000 (4,800-5,800)
Jute 1.02-1.04100-200
(4-8)250-350 (36-51)
25,000-32,000 (3,800-4,600)
1.5-1.9
Elephant grass
425 180 (17)4,900
(26)4,900
(710)3.6
