UNDERSTANDING OF OPTICAL FIBER

Communication over hair-thin strands of glass

Presented ByRakesh Khunt

WHAT IS FIBER OPTICS ?

Transmitting communications signals over hair thin strands of glass or plastic

Not a "new" technology Concept a century old Used commercially for

last 25 years

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

Monomode step-index fiber Multimode step-index fiber Multimode grade-index fiber

FIBER HAS MORE CAPACITY

This single fiber can carry more communications than the giant copper cable!

FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS

Applications include Telephones InternetLANs - local area networksCATV - for video, voice and Internet

connectionsUtilities - management of power gridSecurity - closed-circuit TV and intrusion

sensorsMilitary - everywhere!

WHY USE FIBER OPTICS?

Economics Speed Distance Weight/size Freedom from interference Electrical isolation Security

FIBER OPTIC APPLICATIONS

Fiber is already used in:> 90% of all long distance telephony> 50% of all local telephonyMost CATV networksMost LAN (computer network) backbonesMany video surveillance links

FIBER MATERIALS

Glass Fibers; It is made by oxide glasses ( Ex; sio2)

Active Glass Fibers; Two Commonly material Used For Lasers Are Erbium&Neodymium

Plastic Optical Fibers; The Core Of These Fibers is either Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)

FIBER FABRICATION

Outside Vapor-phase Oxidation Vapor-phase Axial Deposition Modified chemical vapor deposition Plasma-Activated chemical vapor deposition Photonic crystal fiber fabrication

FIBER TECHNOLOGY

Optical fiber is comprised of a light carrying

core surrounded by cladding. Which traps the light in the core by

the principle of total internal reflection. Most optical fibers are made of glass

although some are made of plastic. The core and cladding are usually fused

silica glass which is covered by a plastic

coating called the buffer or primary buffer coating which protects the glass fiber from physical

damage and moisture.

ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS

Long distance transmission Large information capacity Small size and Low weight Increased signal security Enhanced safety

LIGHT USED IN FIBER OPTICS

Fiber optic systems transmit using infrared light, invisible to the human eye, because it goes further in the optical fiber at those wavelengths.

THREE TYPES OF MECHANICAL MISALIGNMENTS THAT CAN OCCUR BETWEEN TWO JOINED FIBERS

Lateral (Axial) Longitudinal(End separation) Angular

FIBER OPTIC CABLE

Protects the fibers wherever they are installed

May have 1 to over 1000 fibers

FIBER OPTIC CONNECTORS

Terminates the fibers Connects to other fibers or transmission

equipment

JOBS IN FIBER OPTICS

Designing components Manufacturing fiber, lasers, etc. Designing systems Installing networks Training and teaching

FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION - OUTSIDE PLANT

•Workers who install Telephone and CATV fiber optic networks do much of their work outdoors, .

•They operate big machines

•Then they bring the ends of the cables into special trucks or trailers

•Outside plant installations require more investment in the tools and test equipment.

FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION -PREMISES

•Computer and security networks use lots of fiber which is installed inside buildings.

•left is in a crowded telecommunications closet of a bank

•while the right photo was taken in a computer room in the basement of a hundred year old college hall.

FIBER SPLICING(JOINT OF FIBER)

Fusion splice V-groove mechanical splice Elastic- tube splice

THANK YOU