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8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
1/21
1/22/20
AStructuredApproach
toCooperativeLearning
MsAlaaAljuburi
Whatare
the
type
of
teachers?
AVocabularylesson.
Whatarethemeaningsof:
Expedite
Provision
ron cPastoral
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
2/21
1/22/20
ClassroomA:Traditional. TheteacherinClassroomAreliesprimarilyon
. ,promotecontentandlanguagelearningtheteacherasksquestionsofthewholeclass,studentsraisetheirhandstobecalledon,andwhencalledonbytheteacher,theyrespond.WepeekintoClassroomAduringavocabularylesson.Theteacherasks,Whocantellmesome
of
the
items
we
find
in
the
produce
section
of
the
market?
MsAlaaAljuburi
Typesof
Teachers
TeacherA
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
3/21
1/22/20
TeacherB
ClassroomB:GroupWork.Theteacherin.
is,topromotecontentandlanguagelearningtheteacherhasstudentssittingingroupsoffourandoftencallsforstudentinteractioningroups.WepeekintoClassroomBduringthesamevocabularylesson.Theteachergivesgroupsadirective,Inyourgroupstalkitover.Whatare
some
of
the
items
we
find
in
the
produce
section
ofthemarket?
MsAlaaAljuburi
TeacherC
Structures.TheteacherinClassroomCknowsandusesarangeofKaganStructures.Thatis,topromotecontentandlanguagelearningTeacherC,likeTeacherB,hasstudentssittingingroupsoffourandoftencallsforinteractioningroups.Thereisacriticaldifference,though.TheinteractionofstudentsinClassroomCishighlystructured.TeacherCusesKaganStructures.WepeekintoClassroomCduringthesamevocabularylesson.Theteachergivesgroupsadirective:Inyour
groups,turn
to
your
shoulder
partner
and
do
a
RallyRobin.Taketurnsnamingsomeoftheitemswefindintheproducesectionofthemarket.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
4/21
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
5/21
1/22/20
ItsallaboutPIES
P = Positive Interdependence
I = Individual Accountability
E = Equal Participation
S = Simultaneous Interaction
MsAlaaAljuburi
ImportantRulestoconsider
Coachingand
Praising.
Studentsshouldlearnhowtocoachtheir
colleagues.
TipTip..Teach
Praisingeach
other.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
6/21
1/22/20
Gambits&PraisingGambits (Useful phrases that are needed for a team to work together effectively.They could include ways to ask for help, check for understanding, disagree politely,
encourage effort, etc.)
Paraphrase Gambits:
In other words So what oure sa in is All in all So you mean that If I understand your
correctly
You said
To sum it up Let me rephrase that In a nutshell
Gambits for Disagreeing Politely:That would be great except Actually Possible. Lets remember I dont see how Im afraid One problem is
I can see it that way. One theother hand
Thats good. Another thought is
Positive Affirmation Gambits:
Wow! You Rock! Great Job!Thats Awesome! Super Duper Job! I wish I would have thought of that!
I really like that! Excellent! Way to Go!
General Rule of Thumb: Teach for 10 minutes then use a
structure.MsAlaaAljuburi
Forming Teams (every 6 weeks)
1. Sort students by ability (test/quiz/pretest scores, last years grades in
sequential classes, etc.)
. v e y our - g ue , g e um green , ow e um ye ow ,
Low (red)
3. Form teams keeping in mind gender, ethnic background, 2nd language,
special needs, discipline, friends, etc.
Extras:
1 = 1 team of 5
2 = 2 teams of 3
Heterogeneous groups best for academic and social gains.
A and B are shoulder partners
As are face partners
Bs are face partners
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
7/21
1/22/20
Forming Teams (every 6 weeks)
FacePartner
High
A
HighMediumB
LowMedium Low
ShoulderPartner
ShoulderPartner
B A
FacePartner
MsAlaaAljuburi
OnStudents
Tables.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
8/21
1/22/20
Cooperativelearning Definition:Cooperativelearningisaformof
toperformspecifictasksinasmallgroup(ideally4).
Eachcooperativelearninggroupshouldbecarefullyselectedbytheteachersothata
tobringhisorherstrengthstothegroupeffort.
MsAlaaAljuburi
Whocannamearainforestanimal? Traditional Engagement
ra egy:TeacherQuestion;
StudentAnswer
ra egy:RallyRobin
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
9/21
1/22/20
#1RallyRobin
Rallymeans==backandforth(pairsoftwo)
Robin==Talkingtalking talking
Usedforshortanswer
questions,listing,
oraldiscussions.
MsAlaaAljuburi
#1Rally
Robin
Steps:
Shoulderpartner
Facepartner
Standingpartner
Teacherposesaproblemorassignmenttowhichtherearemultiplepossibleresponsesorsolutions,
Teacherannounceswhowillstart
Inpairs,studentstaketurnsstatingresponsesorsolutions.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
10/21
1/22/20
MsAlaaAljuburi
TraditionalStrategy:Teacher
Question;
Student
Answer
Structuringtheinteractionintheclassroomthiswayhaspredictable, negativeconsequences:
Thehighachievingstudentsraisetheirhandstobecalledonwhilethelowachievingstudentsavertthe
teacherseyesandhide.
T eteac ert usen supca ngmostont osew o eastnee t epract cean eastont osew omost
needthepractice.
Becauseanumberofthehighachievingstudentsarevyingtobecalledon,andonlyonereceivesthe
opportunitytorespond,anumberofstudentsaredisappointed whentheteachercallsonone.Students
registertheirdisappointmentwithdejectedsighsastheylowertheirhands.
Ifastudentmissesthequestion,theotherswhowantedtobecalledonarehappy;onlyifthechosen
studentmissescantheyshine,sotheybegintohopeforanddelightinthefailureoftheirpeers.
Ifastudentalwayshastherightanswerthatstudentgetslabeled,nerd,teachers pet,brainiac,or
brownnoser.Someonewhoachievestoohighmakesotherslookbadbycomparison.Thelabelsarepeer
pressuretoconformtothenormofmediocrity,nottomakeotherslookbadbycomparison.Toenforce
,
punishoffenders.
The
nerd
labels
are
a
way
of
communicating
and
enforcing
the
norm:
If
you
continue
to
makeuslookbadbycomparison,youwillpaythepenaltyofbeingostracized.Giventhechoiceofbeing
thebesttheycanbeorbeingliked,somehighachieversareafraidtocomeout,tobetheirbest.(For
articlesonthistopic,websearchNerdpenalty.)
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
11/21
1/22/20
TraditionalStrategy:TeacherQuestion;StudentAnswer
Themetacommunicationintheclassisthatsomestudentsaresmartandothersarenot,
thatsomestudentshavesomethingofvaluetocontributewhereasothersdonot.This
lowerstheselfesteemandidentityoflowerachievingstudents:Iamnotoneofthesmartones.
Agreatmanyofthelowachievingorlessmotivatedstudentsareofftask,thatis,whilethe
highachievingstudentsandteacherplayquestionandanswer,themindsoftheother
studentsarewandering.
TeachersusingTeacherQuestion;StudentAnswerhearonlyfromthehighachievingstudents.Theyaretakinganunrepresentativesampleoftheclass.Thiscreatesforthe
teacheranillusionthattheclassunderstandsthecontentbetterthantheyactuallydo.Thisis
inauthenticassessment.
Themostimportantnegativeconsequenceofthetraditionalstructureislackofengagement
amongmanystudents:Onlyafewstudentshavetheopportunitytorespond.Theteacher
callsonandrespondstoonestudentatatime,leavingtheotherstudentssemiorfully
disengaged.Becausetheteachertalkstwiceforeachtimeastudenttalks(firstaskingthe
questionand
then
responding
to
the
answer),
the
teacher
talks
about
60%
of
the
time.
Thus
insixminutesofTeacherQuestion;StudentAnswer,theteacherhastimetocallonnomorethanthreestudents,eachgivingoneanswer.Howdotheotherstudentsspendtheirtime?
Lookingatthebackoftheheadofthestudentwhoisansweringtheteacher!
MsAlaaAljuburi
CooperativeEngagement
strategies
EngagementStrategy:RallyRobin OneengagementstrategythatisanalternativetoTeacherQuestion;StudentAnsweris
. , . . ,
giventhetaskofstatingrainforestanimals,ineachpairStudentAwouldnameonerainforest
animal;StudentBwouldnameasecondanimal;StudentAwouldnameathird,andsoon.
Forhigherlevelreview,studentsmighttaketurnsstatingpossiblealternativehypothesesto
explainacharactersbehavior.
Structuringtheinteractionintheclassroomthiswayhaspredictable,positiveconsequences:
Mostimportantly, inthesameamountoftimethattheteacherusingTeacherQuestion;StudentAnswer cancallonandrespondtoonlythreestudentsintheclass,theteacherusingRallyRobincanhaveeverystudentrespond.
Students
responding
in
TeacherQuestion;
Student
Answerstate
one
answer
each.
Students
respondinginRallyRobinverbalizemanyanswers.
WhenTeacherQuestion;StudentAnswer isused,studentsthinkofoneanswerandstopthinking;whenRallyRobinisusedafterthinkingofoneresponse,studentsarepushedto
thinkofanotherandanother,promotingthinkingskills.
Studentslearntotaketurns.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
12/21
1/22/20
CooperativeEngagementstrategies Becausestudentscannotrepeattheansweroftheirpartner,thestructuredemandslistening
skills.
Studentsarefullyengagedinfacetofaceinteraction,notisolatedfromeachother,talkingonlyto
theteacher.
Ahigherpercentageofstudentsareontask.Aftertheirpartnergivesaresponse,theirpartner
waitsforthemtogivearesponse.Thestructurerequiresfullparticipationofallstudentssono
onecanhide.
HighandLowAchievingstudentsparticipateequally.
Walkingaroundandlisteningtotheresponsesofstudents,theteacherhearsfromhigh,middle,
andlowachievingstudents,takingarepresentativesampleoftheclass.Thereismoreauthentic
assessment.
Themetacommunicationintheclassisthatallstudentshavesomethingofvaluetocontribute.
Equalparticipationcreatesequalstatus.
on.
Studentsarenothopingforthefailureoftheirpeers;theyactuallyappreciatethecontributionsof
theirpeers peer
norms
shift
toward
achievement.
Students
feel
they
are
on
the
same
side.
Thefullengagementofthelowerachievingstudentsdecreasestheachievementgapbetweenlow
andhighachievingstudents,incontrasttotheincreasedachievementgapcreatedbythehigh
percentoflowachievingstudentswhodonotparticipateduringTeacherQuestion;StudentAnswer.
MsAlaaAljuburi
Benefitsof
Cooperative
learning
CommunicationCommonGoal
ConflictManagement
Skills
DecisionLeadership
Skills
a ng sNochildis
hidingorleftbehind
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
13/21
1/22/20
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEh8Z0sb
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0s_qxJDua
s
p: www.you u e.com wa c v= g
Mk
MsAlaaAljuburi
Socialskills
and
team
builders
Nostudentisisolated
Allstudentsaccepteach
other.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
14/21
1/22/20
#2RallyCoach
Setup
1paper,1pencilpertwostudents
Shoulderpartners(notupsidedown)
If1extrastudent,make1teamof3
Nomusic
MsAlaaAljuburi
#2RallyCoach
Steps
Adoesthefirstproblem,talkingoutloudtheir
thinking(Nowriting)
Bwatches,givesOK,coaches.
Awritesanswers
Bpraises(specificpraise).
Switchroles
and
B
does
the
2nd problem
Continueuntilworksheetiscompleted
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
15/21
1/22/20
MsAlaaAljuburi
Letstry
Rally
coach
Usethegivensheettoapplyrallycoach
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
16/21
1/22/20
EXAMPLES (math):
ofacircle. r2
+ 1
JohngiveMary8Skittles. Nowhehas4. Howmanydidhehavetobeginwith?
12
MsAlaaAljuburi
#3Quiz,
Quiz,
Trade
WhentoUse Use uiz uiz Trade at an oint in the lesson to
structuremeaningfulconversation.
Beforeintroducingnewmaterialtotapintopriorknowledge
Afteraunittoreviewterms
Afteramathunittoreviewshapesorproblems
, ,a
set
of
word
problems
or
a
science
activity/experiment, togatherideasorformalizeprocedures
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
17/21
1/22/20
LetsdoQuizQuizTrade
Example:
Wewillusethestructuretoconductachapter
reviewinscience.
Usethecardsgiventoyou
MsAlaaAljuburi
#3All
Write
Consensus
Teacherassignsatopicorquestionwitmultiplepossibleanswers.
Teacherprovidesthinkingtime
Teacherselectsstartingstudent.
Eachstudentshasasheetofpaper.
Firststudentsharestheiridea
Teamsdiscuss
Ifconsensusisreached,thenallstudentsrecordthatidea
ont e r
own
s eet
Studentsdontpasspapers.
Processisrepeatedbynextstudent.
Canroundmorethanonce
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
18/21
1/22/20
LetsDoit
Inyourgroupsletustryit
Domathsheetnumber3
MsAlaaAljuburi
OnThe
Evaluation
sheet
Whatpointscanyoutargetwhenusing
coopera ve earn ngon seva ua on
criteria?
Inyourgroupsdiscusswhyuserallyrobin
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
19/21
1/22/20
Howtodothestructure
#4QuizQuizTradeUsing question cards, students quiz a partner, get quizzed by a partner,
then trade and repeat with a new partner:
1. Stand Up, Hand Up, Pair Up.
2.Partner A quizzes.
3.Partner B answers.
4.Partner A coaches and/or praises.
. .
6. Partners trade cards.7. Repeat steps 1-6 until the teacher calls time.
MsAlaaAljuburi
TeamBuilding
vs.
Class
Building
TeamBuilding
ClassBuilding
Fun
Non
Studentsarestanding
Academicor
Academic
Easyenoughforthelowest
student
un
Interactingwithothers
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
20/21
1/22/20
SillySports
createabrainfriendlyclassroom:emotion,
,
toincreasetheenergylevelintheirclassrooms,
tohavestudentscooperate,
toprovidechallenges,
.
andmorethananythingelse,tosimplymake
classroomsfun.
MsAlaaAljuburi
LetsTry
it.
Catchtheballoon
Inyourgroups,eachteamshouldhavetwo
balloons.
Standupandholdeachothershands.
Whenthe
music
starts
each
team
should
hit
theballoonwiththeirhandswhileholdingon
toeachotherwithoutlettingtheballoonsfall.
MsAlaaAljuburi
8/13/2019 FIA Kagan Session 1-Handout
21/21
1/22/20
MsAlaaAljuburi
MsAlaaAljuburi