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A
pply
ing
MD
A to
SD
R fo
r Spa
ce to
Mod
el R
eal-t
ime
Issu
es
N
ASA
spac
e co
mm
unic
atio
ns sy
stem
s hav
e th
e ch
alle
nge
of d
esig
ning
SD
Rs w
ith h
ighl
y-co
nstra
ined
Siz
e, W
eigh
t an
d Po
wer
(SW
aP) r
esou
rces
. A
stud
y is
bei
ng c
ondu
cted
to a
sses
s the
eff
ectiv
enes
s of a
pply
ing
the
MD
A
Plat
form
-Ind
epen
dent
Mod
el (P
IM) a
nd o
ne o
r mor
e Pl
atfo
rm-S
peci
fic M
odel
s (PS
M) s
peci
fical
ly to
add
ress
N
ASA
spac
e do
mai
n re
al-ti
me
issu
es.
This
pap
er w
ill su
mm
ariz
e ou
r exp
erie
nces
with
app
lyin
g M
DA
to S
DR
for
Spac
e to
mod
el re
al-ti
me
issu
es.
Rea
l-tim
e is
sues
to b
e ex
amin
ed, m
easu
red,
and
ana
lyze
d ar
e: m
eetin
g w
avef
orm
tim
ing
requ
irem
ents
and
eff
icie
ntly
app
lyin
g R
eal-t
ime
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
(RTO
S) sc
hedu
ling
algo
rithm
s, ap
plyi
ng
safe
ty c
ontro
l mea
sure
s, an
d SW
aP v
erifi
catio
n. R
eal-t
ime
wav
efor
m a
lgor
ithm
s ben
chm
arke
d w
ith th
e w
orst
cas
e en
viro
nmen
t con
ditio
ns u
nder
the
heav
iest
wor
kloa
d w
ill d
rive
the
SDR
for S
pace
real
-tim
e PS
M d
esig
n.
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
SB
C W
orks
hop
App
lyin
g M
DA
to S
DR
for S
pace
to M
odel
Rea
l-Tim
e Is
sues
OM
G's
Thi
rd A
nnua
l So
ftwar
e-Ba
sed
Com
mun
icat
ions
Wor
ksho
p:
Rea
lizin
g th
e V
isio
nM
arch
5-8
, 200
7; F
airfa
x, V
A U
SA
Tam
my
M. B
lase
rTa
mm
y.M
.Bla
ser@
nasa
.gov
NA
SA�s
Spa
ce T
elec
omm
unic
atio
n R
adio
Sys
tem
(STR
S) P
roje
ctSo
ftwar
e D
efin
ed R
adio
(SD
R) f
or S
pace
NA
SA G
lenn
Res
earc
h C
ente
r
2
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Mod
el R
eal-T
ime
Issu
es It is
a m
isco
ncep
tion
that
real
-tim
e sy
stem
s m
ust b
e "fa
st� �
the
real
cha
lleng
e is
to d
esig
n a
pred
icta
ble
and
relia
ble
real
-tim
e sy
stem
that
ca
n al
so ru
n N
ASA
s� h
igh
Gbp
sS
DR
W
avef
orm
s?
3
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Intro
duct
ion
�Pr
ojec
t�
NA
SA
Spa
ce T
elec
omm
unic
atio
ns R
adio
Sys
tem
(STR
S)
�O
bjec
tive
�C
ondu
ct a
pre
limin
ary
(initi
al p
hase
) stu
dy to
acc
ess
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
ap
plyi
ng M
odel
Driv
en A
rchi
tect
ure
(MD
A) P
latfo
rm In
depe
nden
t Mod
el
(PIM
) and
one
or m
ore
Pla
tform
Spe
cific
Mod
els
(PS
Ms)
spe
cific
ally
to
addr
ess
NA
SA
spa
ce d
omai
n R
eal-T
ime
issu
es.
�G
oal
�D
evel
op a
pro
toty
pe to
stu
dy N
AS
A S
oftw
are
Def
ined
Rad
io (S
DR
) Rea
l-Ti
me
issu
e cl
asse
s an
d ex
tract
key
SD
R fo
r Spa
ce P
IM/P
SM
pro
perti
es
and
perfo
rman
ce re
quire
men
ts.
Def
ine
a ph
ased
pro
toty
pe d
evel
opm
ent
appr
oach
. C
ompl
ete
the
initi
al p
hase
prio
r to
this
OM
G T
hird
Ann
ual
SB
C W
orks
hop.
�Ex
amin
e, M
easu
re a
nd D
ocum
ent
�S
peci
fic s
ched
ulin
g al
gorit
hms,
con
curre
ncy
and
reso
urce
man
agem
ent
tech
niqu
es�
Saf
ety
cont
rol m
easu
re te
chni
ques
�S
ize
Wei
ght a
nd P
ower
(SW
aP)v
erifi
catio
n m
etho
ds�
Ben
chm
ark
wor
kloa
ds
Goa
l Met
4
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
STR
S M
issi
on-C
ritic
al R
equi
rem
ent D
river
s
�R
adia
tion
Sui
tabl
e Pr
oces
sing
�Le
ss c
apab
le th
an te
rrest
rial,
ofte
n la
ggin
g by
a g
ener
atio
n or
two.
�
Lim
its b
oth
the
foot
prin
t and
com
plex
ity o
f the
infra
stru
ctur
e.�
Spac
ecra
ft R
esou
rce
Con
stra
ints
�SW
aPlim
itatio
ns o
n sp
acec
raft.
�
Ope
n ar
chite
ctur
e ov
erhe
ad m
ust b
e ba
lanc
ed a
gain
st th
ese
spac
ecra
ft co
nstra
ints
.�
Rel
iabi
lity
�D
esig
ned
to p
reve
nt s
ingl
e po
int f
ailu
res.
�
Man
ned
mis
sion
s ha
ve h
igh
relia
bilit
y re
quire
men
ts, e
spec
ially
for s
afet
y cr
itica
l app
licat
ions
. �
Spec
ializ
ed S
igna
l Pro
cess
ing
(SS
P) A
bstra
ctio
n�
Wav
efor
ms
to b
e de
ploy
ed o
n sp
ecia
lized
har
dwar
e (F
PG
As,
AS
ICS
)�
Spac
e W
avef
orm
s�
Dat
a ra
tes
rang
e fro
m lo
w (k
bps)
to h
igh
(Gbp
s).
Freq
uenc
ies
from
low
(M
Hz)
to (G
Hz)
5
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Futu
re S
pace
Com
mun
icat
ions
Arc
hite
ctur
eA
Net
wor
k of
Net
wor
ksM
issi
on T
ypes
Cre
wed
Ele
men
ts�
Tran
spor
t Veh
icle
s�
Spa
ce S
tatio
ns/O
utpo
sts
�C
rew
Act
ivity
(i.e
. EV
A)
Spa
cecr
aft L
inks
�S
cien
ce S
atel
lites
�O
rbiti
ng R
elay
Sat
ellit
es
Sur
face
Rad
ios
�R
over
s�
Sci
ence
Ele
men
ts�
EVA
Oth
er�
�La
unch
Veh
icle
s�
Sub
-Orb
ital V
ehic
les
�G
roun
d S
tatio
ns
Eart
h Lo
cal N
etw
ork
Mar
tian
Loca
l N
etw
ork
Luna
r Loc
al
Net
wor
k
Mar
tian
Trun
kLu
nar
Trun
k
L1/L
2
Indi
vidu
alSp
acec
raft
Con
nect
ions
6
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
STR
S M
issi
ons
Res
ourc
e C
apac
ity C
onst
rain
ts
xx
Sub-
Orb
ital V
ehic
les
xSu
rfac
e R
adio
EVA
s
xx
Laun
ch V
ehic
les
xSc
ienc
e El
emen
ts
xx
Med
ium
Mis
sion
Larg
e M
issi
onSm
all M
issi
onM
issi
on T
ype/
Cla
ss
xG
roun
d St
atio
ns
xR
over
s
xO
rbiti
ng R
elay
Sat
ellit
es
Scie
nce
Sate
llite
s
xC
rew
Act
ivity
(i.e
. EVA
)
xSp
ace
Stat
ions
/Out
post
s
Tran
spor
t Veh
icle
s
�S
TRS
mis
sion
reso
urce
cap
acity
con
stra
ints
(cod
ing,
sys
tem
/sub
syst
em in
terfa
ces,
dat
a ra
tes,
fre
quen
cy b
ands
, tra
nspo
nder
/tran
scei
ver,
etc.
) var
y ba
sed
on m
issi
on ty
pe a
nd c
lass
es �
�S
mal
l Mis
sion
Cla
ss:
Low
intri
nsic
com
plex
ity a
nd lo
w d
ata
rate
sign
als
�M
ediu
m M
issi
on C
lass
: M
oder
ate
com
plex
ity a
nd m
ediu
m to
at l
east
one
hig
h-da
ta-ra
te tr
ansm
it si
gnal
�La
rge
Mis
sion
Cla
ss:
Hig
h fu
nctio
nal c
ompl
exity
with
mix
ture
ofl
ow, m
ediu
m, a
nd h
igh
data
rate
sig
nals
up
to a
t le
ast o
ne u
ltra-
high
dat
a ra
te tr
ansm
it Si
gnal
7
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
App
roac
h
�Th
ree
Phas
ed D
evel
opm
ent
�In
itial
pha
se�
Dev
elop
a p
roto
type
fram
ewor
k to
initi
ally
stu
dy re
al-ti
me
STR
S is
sues
and
ob
tain
pre
limin
ary
resu
lts�
Inte
rim p
hase
�In
tegr
ate
STR
S S
oftw
are
App
licat
ion
Pro
gram
min
g In
terfa
ce (A
PI)
toge
ther
w
ith O
MG
�s P
IM a
nd P
SM
for S
WR
adio
�P
erfo
rm s
ched
ulab
ility
and
timel
ines
s an
alys
is o
f STR
S w
avef
orm
mod
els
�Fi
nal p
hase
�U
se in
tegr
ated
STR
S/S
WR
adio
to im
plem
ent W
avef
orm
s (W
Fs)
�B
est P
ract
ices
Gui
de fo
r im
plem
ent W
F�
Har
dwar
e A
bstra
ctio
n La
yer (
HA
L)R
ecom
men
datio
ns�
Inte
grat
e W
F de
sign
s w
ith p
roto
type
8
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Initi
al P
hase
App
roac
h
�To
ols
Use
d fo
r Ini
tial P
hase
�R
haps
ody
�M
odel
ing
�D
esig
n-Le
vel D
ebug
ging
via
Rha
psod
y A
nim
atio
n�
Rha
psod
y O
bjec
t Exe
cutio
n Fr
amew
ork
(OXF
) Int
erfa
ce to
INTE
GR
ITY
RTO
S�
INTE
GR
ITY
�IN
TEG
RIT
Y s
imul
ator
for A
RM
�
One
of N
AS
As�
STR
S R
efer
ence
Impl
emen
tatio
n te
st b
ed e
fforts
use
s th
e D
avin
ciA
RM
cor
e w
ith a
Tex
as In
stru
men
ts (T
I) D
igita
l Sig
nal P
roce
ssor
(DS
P)
�P
OSI
X A
PIs
(as
appl
icab
le)
�S
TRS
requ
ires
the
use
of P
OS
IX fo
r med
ium
and
larg
e m
issi
on c
lass
es
9
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
�Su
bsys
tem
s an
d Se
rvic
es S
tudi
ed�
Rea
l-Tim
e W
avef
orm
Con
trol
�R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent
�H
ardw
are
Abs
tract
ion
Laye
r (H
AL)
�
Faul
t Man
agem
ent
�SW
aPV
erifi
catio
n�
Per
form
ance
Mon
itor a
nd B
ench
mar
k Se
rvic
e�
Des
ign
Patte
rns
Ana
lyze
d �
Rea
l-Tim
e D
esig
n P
atte
rns
[Bru
ce D
ougl
ass]
�O
bjec
t Orie
nted
(OO
) Des
ign
Pat
tern
s [G
ang-
of-F
our (
GoF
)]�
Map
ping
to S
WR
adio
PIM
/PSM
Mai
n P
rese
ntat
ion
Topi
cs
10
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Rea
l-Tim
e W
avef
orm
Con
trol T
opic
Rad
ioNo
rmal
Ope
ratio
n
STR
SPow
erD
own
rese
t/tim
erR
eset
();
STR
SIni
tialin
g
STR
SRea
dy
STR
SBus
yst
artC
mdP
roce
ssin
g
STR
SShu
tdow
n
rest
art/
tm(r
esta
rtTi
me)
;
initC
ompl
ete/
tm(in
itTim
e);
cmdP
rocs
sing
Com
plet
e
tm(Q
OSB
uffe
rTim
e)shut
dow
nCm
dRcv
d
pow
erO
ff/tm
(fini
shTi
me)
;
STR
SFau
lt
unre
cove
rabl
efaul
tDet
ecte
d
fata
l reco
vera
ble
pow
erO
n/tm
(set
upTi
me)
;
H
STR
S R
adio
Sta
te C
hart
-Rha
psod
y A
nim
atio
n Pr
epar
atio
n
11
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
�C
oncu
rren
t Wav
efor
m C
ontro
l Req
uire
men
ts�
Exa
mpl
e: S
DR
for S
pace
Con
curr
ent G
PS
Rx
oper
atio
ns
with
ISS
S-b
and
�R
TOS
Spec
ific
Sche
dulin
g Al
gorit
hm�
INTE
GR
ITY
Part
ition
Sch
edul
er�
Par
titio
n S
ched
ulin
g co
ntai
ns it
s ow
n ke
rnel
(man
ages
co
ncur
renc
y )�
How
ever
dis
able
s th
e IN
TEG
RIT
Y R
esou
rce
Man
ager
�C
oncu
rren
tRea
l-Tim
e D
esig
n P
atte
rns
[Bru
ce D
ougl
ass]
�
Mes
sage
Que
uing
, Int
erru
pt, G
uard
ed C
all,
Ren
dezv
ous,
C
yclic
Exe
cutiv
e, R
ound
Rob
in, S
tatic
Prio
rity
(i.e.
Rat
e M
onot
onic
Sch
edul
ing
(RM
S))
, Dyn
amic
Prio
rity
�R
esou
rce
Rea
l-Tim
e D
esig
n P
atte
rns
[Bru
ce D
ougl
ass]
�
Crit
ical
Sec
tion,
Hig
hest
Loc
ker,
Sim
ulta
neou
s Lo
ckin
g,
Ord
ered
Loc
king
, Prio
rity
Inhe
ritan
ce, P
riorit
y C
eilin
g
Stu
died
in In
itial
Pha
se,
Test
Cas
e an
d R
esul
ts
Follo
ws
Stu
died
in In
itial
Pha
se,
Cla
ss D
iagr
amFo
llow
s
Rea
l-Tim
e W
avef
orm
Con
trol a
nd
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t Top
ic
12
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
INTE
GR
ITY
Par
titio
n Sc
hedu
ler T
estin
g
�S
TRS
may
use
sep
arat
e ad
dres
s sp
aces
to s
atis
fy c
oncu
rrenc
y re
quire
men
ts w
hile
pro
vidi
ng a
relia
ble
and/
or s
ecur
ede
sign
. �
Appl
icab
le to
larg
er m
issi
on c
lass
es a
nd s
ome
med
ium
mis
sion
cla
sses
.
�Th
e IN
TEG
RIT
Y P
artit
ion
Sche
dulin
g lib
rary
can
be
used
to s
ched
ule
task
s on
a p
er-A
ddre
ssS
pace
basi
s.�
Test
Res
ults
usi
ng 3
virt
ual A
ddre
ssS
pace
s, s
ched
uled
as
follo
ws:
�P
1 ru
ns fo
r .1
of e
very
.5 s
econ
ds�
P2
runs
for .
2 of
eve
ry 1
sec
ond
�P
3 ru
ns fo
r .2
of e
very
1 s
econ
d�
The
task
s th
at ru
n pe
riodi
cally
dis
play
(to
the
cons
ole)
indi
catin
g th
e pa
rtitio
n nu
mbe
r and
task
. Ta
sks
in th
e fir
st p
artit
ion
run
follo
wed
by
the
2nd
parti
tion
(for t
wic
e as
long
), fo
llow
ed b
y th
e fir
st p
artit
ion
agai
n, e
tc.
�Ta
sks
run
in s
epar
ate
parti
tions
ena
blin
g a
mor
e re
liabl
e an
d/or
secu
re
desi
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s m
ore
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ory
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dditi
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virt
ual a
ddre
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pace
ov
erhe
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ote:
IN
TEG
RIT
Y w
orki
ng o
n a
high
-res
olut
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sche
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r whi
ch
may
dee
m h
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ul fo
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edul
ing
STR
S h
igh
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avef
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s.
Rea
l-Tim
e W
avef
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Con
trol a
nd
Res
ourc
e M
anag
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t Top
ic
13
Nat
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11
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ourc
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Prob
lem
Con
text
:�
Hig
hest
prio
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read
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sks
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n ne
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, due
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eve
nts
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ide
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RTO
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ched
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ontro
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e to
a
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y ta
sk ru
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shar
ed re
sour
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Prio
rity
Inve
rsio
n�
Crit
ical
dea
dlin
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d, c
ausi
ng th
e sy
stem
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o So
lutio
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pply
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atte
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AR
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limin
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need
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Prio
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lutio
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low
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iorit
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Res
ourc
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anag
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ic
Prio
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Cei
ling
Patte
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lass
Dia
gram
-R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent C
andi
date
14
Nat
iona
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Spa
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HA
L D
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proa
ches
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AL d
esig
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en v
ery
chal
leng
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no
stan
dard
ava
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Sev
eral
app
roac
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bee
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itiat
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AL
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HA
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pone
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peci
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tegr
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RB
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mid
dlew
are
tech
nolo
gy
�ST
RS
need
s a
non-
prop
rieta
ry s
tand
ard
HAL
des
ign
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andi
date
OO
Des
ign
Pat
tern
s [G
oF]:
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trate
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Ada
pter
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ridge
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leve
ls: P
roxy
at t
he G
PP
, and
Dat
a/C
omm
and
Tran
sfer
for (
SS
P) d
evic
es
Har
dwar
e A
bstra
ctio
n La
yer (
HA
L) T
opic
15
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
ce A
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Brid
ge P
atte
rn -
Des
ign
App
lied
for H
AL
STR
S Pr
elim
inar
y H
AL C
lass
Dia
gram
Har
dwar
e A
bstra
ctio
n La
yer (
HA
L) T
opic
16
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
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Safe
ty a
nd R
elia
bilit
y Te
chni
ques
�Sa
fety
and
Rel
iabi
lity
Rea
l-Tim
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esig
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ttern
s [B
ruce
D
ougl
ass]
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rote
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gle
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nnel
, Hom
ogen
eous
Red
unda
ncy,
Trip
le
Mod
ular
Red
unda
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edun
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onito
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ctua
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San
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heck
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chdo
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A S
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in In
itial
Pha
se,
Cla
ss D
iagr
amFo
llow
s
Faul
t Man
agem
ent T
opic
17
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
ce A
dmin
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n
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Safe
ty E
xecu
tive
Cla
ss D
iagr
am P
atte
rn
Wat
chdo
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1 *Su
bsys
tem
1 *
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afeC
hann
el
Safe
tyEx
ecut
ive
1*
1*
1
*
1*
1*
1
*E
vent
s m
onito
red
Cha
nnel
s m
onito
red
Prob
lem
Con
text
:�
Pro
vide
saf
ety
in c
ompl
ex m
ulti-
actu
ator
sys
tem
s or
sys
tem
s w
hich
requ
ire
com
plex
faul
t Rec
over
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havi
orG
ener
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olut
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�U
se a
saf
ety
exec
utiv
e to
ove
rsee
faul
t ide
ntifi
catio
n, is
olat
ion,
and
reco
very
pr
oces
ses.
Con
sequ
ence
s:�
Incr
ease
d co
mpl
exity
. �
Goo
d sc
alab
ility
to c
ompl
ex s
yste
ms
and
com
plex
reco
very
. �
Goo
d co
vera
ge o
f saf
ety
Faul
t Man
agem
ent T
opic
18
Nat
iona
l Aer
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Spa
ce A
dmin
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STR
S Fa
ult M
anag
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t Seq
uenc
e D
iagr
am
[Rec
over
able
]
alt [R
ecov
erab
le]
alt
:ST
RS
_Co
mm
and
_an
d_C
on
tro
l:S
TRS
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fras
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ture
Lo
g F
ault
Co
rrec
tive
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en
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g A
ny
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rect
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us
Lo
g F
ault
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rrec
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en
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g A
ny
Cor
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stat
us
Fau
lt D
etec
ted
Fau
lt S
ou
rce
stat
us
Mis
sio
n D
epen
den
t
Fai
l-saf
e m
ode
Fau
lt D
etec
ted
stat
us
Mis
sio
n D
epen
den
t
Fai
l-saf
e m
ode
The
fau
lt s
ou
rce
co
uld
be
an
y p
art
of
the
ST
RS
Rad
io
inc
lud
ing
th
e W
atc
h
Do
g T
ime
r
[FA
TA
L]
[Wat
ch d
og
tim
er e
rro
r]
Faul
t Man
agem
ent T
opic
19
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
ce A
dmin
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SWaP
Verif
icat
ion
Tech
niqu
es�
Appr
oach
:�
App
ly D
istri
bute
d an
d M
emor
y M
anag
emen
t Pat
tern
s an
d be
nchm
ark
tech
niqu
es (a
pplie
d in
the
final
pha
se)
to te
st a
nd v
erify
NA
SA
STR
S S
WaP
limite
d R
esou
rce
Con
stra
ints
�D
istri
bute
d R
eal-T
ime
Des
ign
Pat
tern
s [B
ruce
D
ougl
ass]
�S
hare
d M
emor
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ttern
�W
ith o
r With
out I
NTE
GR
ITY
Mem
oryR
egio
nsA
PI
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ith IN
TEG
RIT
Y PO
SIX
Shar
ed M
emor
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I�
Rem
ote
Met
hod
Cal
l, O
bser
ver,
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a B
us, P
roxy
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ker
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emor
y M
anag
emen
t Rea
l-Tim
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esig
n P
atte
rns
[Bru
ce D
ougl
ass]
�
Mem
ory
Man
agem
ent,
Stat
ic A
lloca
tion,
Poo
l Allo
catio
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Fixe
d-S
ized
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fer,
Smar
t Poi
nter
, Gar
bage
Col
lect
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G
arba
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ompa
ctor
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ared
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rarie
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died
in In
itial
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se,
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gram
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low
s
Com
mon
ly U
sed
Tech
niqu
e, D
etai
l Fol
low
s
SWaP
Verif
icat
ion
Topi
c
20
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
ce A
dmin
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n
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w.n
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gov
Net
wor
kor
Bus
or D
evic
e
Sha
red
Mem
ory
Pat
tern
INTE
GR
ITY
POSI
X S
hare
d M
emor
y A
PI E
xam
ple
INTE
GR
ITY
POSI
X sh
ared
mem
ory
API
can
be
used
to a
llow
two
sets
of r
eade
rs a
nd w
riter
s to
sha
re m
emor
y us
ing
inde
pend
ent p
ools
.
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ficie
ntly
man
agin
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emor
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anag
ing
STR
S SW
aP.
Red
unda
nt R
eade
rs
Sha
red
Mem
ory
Rea
ders
thre
ad i
Writ
ers
thre
ad i
Writ
ers
thre
ad 0
Red
unda
nt W
riter
s
Ref
lect
ive
Mem
ory
Are
a
SWaP
Verif
icat
ion
Topi
c
21
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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and
Spa
ce A
dmin
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Shar
ed L
ibra
ry
�Sh
ared
libr
arie
s ca
n pr
ovid
e a
larg
e m
emor
y sa
ving
s by
ena
blin
g th
e m
ultip
le v
irtua
l add
ress
spa
ces
in a
sys
tem
to s
hare
the
sam
e co
de.
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ses
a si
ngle
cod
e sp
ace
imag
e w
ith in
depe
nden
t dat
a sp
aces
for
each
pro
cess
/thre
ad
SWaP
Verif
icat
ion
Topi
c
22
Nat
iona
l Aer
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Benc
hmar
k Te
chni
que
Prel
imin
ary
Pla
ns
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ench
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k Te
chni
que
Def
initi
on
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terim
Pha
se W
ork
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ench
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k Te
stin
g�
Fina
l Pha
se W
ork
�M
ulti
Pur
pose
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rman
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now
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aptu
re�
Mem
ory
Bud
gets
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sk T
imin
g M
odel
s�
Thro
ughp
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tatis
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ilure
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eran
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odel
s�
Etc
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Driv
es T
est a
nd V
erifi
catio
n Pl
ans
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an b
e in
clud
ed in
STR
S P
latfo
rm a
nd R
adio
Pro
vide
r AP
I Gui
danc
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ocum
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Per
form
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Mon
itor a
nd B
ench
mar
k Se
rvic
e To
pic
23
Nat
iona
l Aer
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ce A
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SWR
adio
PIM
/PSM
�C
ompo
nent
Fra
mew
ork
Faci
litie
s�
Use
d by
maj
ority
of r
adio
com
pone
nts.
Exa
mpl
es:
wav
efor
m, d
evic
e, a
nd p
latfo
rm
man
agem
ent i
nter
face
s.�
Phys
ical
Lay
er F
acili
ties
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idire
ctio
nal t
rans
form
atio
n of
dig
itize
d si
gnal
s in
to a
pro
paga
ting
RF
wav
e�
Incl
udes
freq
uenc
y tu
ning
, filt
ers,
inte
rface
can
cella
tion,
ana
log
digi
tal c
onve
rsio
n,
up/d
own
conv
ersi
on, g
ain
cont
rol,
synt
hesi
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base
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sup
port
etc.
�R
adio
Set
/Con
trol
Faci
litie
s�
Man
ages
the
radi
o do
mai
n an
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anne
ls w
ithin
the
radi
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Com
mon
Rad
io/P
latfo
rmFa
cilit
ies
�U
sed
by m
ajor
ity o
f rad
io c
ompo
nent
s. E
xam
ples
: lo
ggin
g, n
amin
g, a
nd e
vent
se
rvic
es.
�C
omm
on L
ayer
Fac
ilitie
s�
Use
d by
maj
ority
of r
adio
com
pone
nts.
Exa
mpl
es:
flow
con
trol,
pack
et, a
nd s
tream
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terfa
ces.
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ata
Link
Lay
er F
acili
ties
�C
ompo
sed
of L
ink
Laye
r Con
trol (
LLC
) and
Med
ia A
cces
s C
ontro
l (M
AC
) lay
er
func
tiona
lity
for c
omm
unic
atio
n ne
eds.
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M�
Tran
sfor
mat
ion.
Map
ping
to S
WR
adio
PIM
/PS
M T
opic
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Nat
iona
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Com
mon
Lay
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Faci
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s
QoS
Man
agem
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Faci
litie
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ow C
ontro
lFa
cilit
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Mea
sure
men
tFa
cilit
ies
QoS
QoS
Con
nect
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QoS
Con
nect
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ess
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trol M
gmt.
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trol S
igna
ling
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trol
Mea
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men
t Typ
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sure
men
t Pla
n
Mea
sure
men
t Poi
nt
Mea
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men
t Pla
n M
anag
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Mea
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men
t Rec
orde
r
Mea
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men
t Sto
rage
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l-Tim
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avef
orm
Con
trol w
ith S
DR
for S
pace
PIM
/PS
M A
pplie
d
Map
ping
to S
WR
adio
PIM
/PS
M T
opic
25
Nat
iona
l Aer
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and
Spa
ce A
dmin
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Res
ourc
e M
anag
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t with
SD
R fo
r Spa
ce P
IM/P
SMAp
plie
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Res
ourc
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frast
ruct
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-Tes
tabl
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ect(
BIT
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Obs
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r/Pub
lish-
Sub
scrib
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eleg
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vent
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ign
Pat
tern
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Obs
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r Rea
l-Tim
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esig
n D
istri
bute
d P
atte
rn [B
ruce
Dou
glas
s]
Map
ping
to S
WR
adio
PIM
/PS
M T
opic
26
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iona
l Aer
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Initi
al P
hase
Stu
dy R
esul
ts S
DR
for S
pace
PIM
/PSM
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ecifi
c R
eal-T
ime
Des
ign
Patte
rns
[Bru
ce D
ougl
ass]
and
OO
Des
ign
Patte
rns
[Gan
g-of
-Fou
r (G
oF)]
map
and
cor
resp
ond
to S
DR
for
Spac
e PI
M fo
r med
ium
and
larg
eN
AS
A SD
R m
issi
on c
lass
es.
�PO
SIX
and
RTO
S sp
ecifi
c R
eal-T
ime
tech
niqu
es m
ap a
nd
corr
espo
nd to
NA
SA
SD
R P
SMfo
r med
ium
and
larg
eN
AS
A S
DR
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issi
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lass
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TOS
spec
ific
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l-Tim
e te
chni
ques
, tha
t req
uire
min
imum
reso
urce
s,
map
and
cor
resp
ond
to N
ASA
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PSM
for s
mal
lNAS
A SD
R
mis
sion
cla
sses
.�
SDR
for S
pace
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ext
ensi
ons
need
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e de
velo
ped
to s
afeg
uard
R
adia
tion
Suita
ble
Pro
cess
ing
requ
irem
ents
.�
Furth
er a
naly
sis
need
ed to
map
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g re
quire
men
ts to
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Com
pone
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ram
ewor
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Rel
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lity
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t tol
eran
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uara
ntee
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liver
y) a
nd A
vaila
bilit
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Faul
t Man
agem
ent
�S
SP A
bstra
ctio
n�
HA
L
Map
ping
to S
WR
adio
PIM
/PS
M T
opic
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Nat
iona
l Aer
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Spa
ce A
dmin
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n
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Sum
mar
y an
d C
oncl
usio
n
�ST
RS
mis
sion
sys
tem
s m
ust u
se v
ery
limite
d pr
oces
sor a
nd
mem
ory
reso
urce
s op
timal
ly to
mee
t mis
sion
-crit
ical
and
hig
h re
liabi
lity
requ
irem
ents
.�
Des
ign
patte
rns
will
con
tinue
to b
e le
vera
ged
as a
pplic
able
to
STR
S re
quire
men
ts.
�PI
M/P
SM
ext
ensi
ons
will
con
tinue
to b
e re
fined
in th
e in
terim
and
fin
al p
roto
type
pha
ses.
�Th
e In
terim
pha
se w
ill fo
cus
on in
tegr
atin
g ST
RS
APIs
toge
ther
w
ith O
MG
�sPI
M a
nd P
SM
for S
WR
adio
�Th
e Fi
nal p
hase
will
use
the
inte
grat
ed S
TRS/
SWR
adio
to
impl
emen
t WFs
, int
egra
te W
F de
sign
s w
ith th
e m
atur
ed p
roto
type
, co
nduc
t rev
iew
, and
inco
rpor
ate
into
form
al d
ocum
enta
tion.
