Festo Safety Engineering

Safety engineering guidelines

Directives and standards

Time schedule for EC machinery directive and DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Definition and concept of risk

Risk assessment

Directive-compliant procedure for safe design

(as per EN ISO 12100)

Control architectures (as per DIN EN ISO 13849-1)

4 operation modes – 10 safety functions

Sample circuit diagrams

Festo products

Services

Simple and helpful: In the

second part of the brochure, you

can find sample circuit diagrams

for the most common safety

functions related to pneumatic

drives and the associated prod -

uct combinations from Festo.

These can be used to solve many

safety functions.

If you have further requirements,

our specialists worldwide will be

happy to help.

At Festo, quality has many

aspects – one of these is hand-

ling ma chines safely. This is the

reason behind our safety-orien-

tated automation technology. It

gives you the certainty that your

workplace is as safe as possible.

This brochure is intended as a

guide.

It covers the core questions

relat ing to safety-orientated

pneumatics:

• Why use safety-orientated

pneumatics?

• How can I identify the risk

posed by a system or machine

to the operator or user?

• Which standards and

directives apply?

• What safety measures are

derived from these?

• What are the most common

safety measures?

Your partner in safety Table of contents

2 3

Page

4

32

46

74

Machines have to be designed in

a way that protects people,

animals, property and the en -

vironment from harm. The goal

is to prevent physical damage

of any type. Using safety-

orientated pneumatics from

Festo provides you with the

security of implementing safety

measures in compliance with the

EC machinery directive. You can

reliably prevent collisions or

uncontrolled restarts after an

emergency stop, for example.

At the same time, using safety-

orientated pneumatics also min -

imises the risk of liability claims.

The EC machinery directive spe-

cifies a risk analysis and assess-

ment for machines. Protection

goals are derived and defined

from this directive. The protec-

tion goals are achieved using

various safety functions. Safety-

orientated pneumatics from

Festo, in the form of

• Components

• Circuits

• Engineering

make it easy to achieve your

safety objectives. Safe operation

of machines should be possible

in all modes and stages of their

service life.

Safety-orientated pneumatics

from Festo provides you with

solutions for

• Commissioning

• Automatic/manual operation

• Setting operation

• Risk situations and emergency

functions, such as safe stop-

ping, safe exhausting.

• Restarting -> protection against

unexpected starting up

• Servicing/maintenance

In addition to this, if errors

occur, they must not lead to

failure of the safety functions,

depending on their hazard

potential.

In general, the simpler the safety

engineering used in the appli -

cation, the more efficient it is.

The complexity of safety en -

gineering is in the variety of

state combinations and tran -

sitional states.

As a result, it would seem al -

most impossible to implement

standardised safety engineering

concepts.

Due to their flexible application,

pneumatic drive systems from

Festo need to be included in the

risk analysis and assessment for

each machine, depending on the

application.

Festo provides solutions on the

basis of risk analyses and

assessments for the most com-

mon applications. This ensures

that the electrical safety func-

tions for your pneumatic

system’s controllers are en -

hanced with the appropriate

safety concepts.

4

Reduce risk – think preventively

5

Simple – but safe!

Machine safety requires safe

control systems. Important

harmonised standards include

EN 954-1, which is going to be

super seded by EN ISO 13849-1.

DIN EN 954-1 will be in force

until the end of 2009.

The development of the single

European market has led to

standardised guidelines for

mechanical engineering for the

manufacturing industry.

6

Basic safety requirements in the manufacturing industry

7

Time schedule for EC machinery directive and DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Euro

peG

erm

any

February 2007DIN ratification

2nd October2006EN ratification

February 2007Withdrawn from DIN

DIN EN ISO 13849-1

DIN EN 954-1

extended to29th December 2009

8th May 2007Listing in the Official Journal of the European Communities

EN ISO 13849-1

EN 954-1

29th December 2009

May 2006EN ratification

Incorporation into national law New machinery directive

Old machinery directive

20072006 2008 2009 2010 2011

EN 954-1 has presumption of conformity according machinery directive 98/37/EC

EN ISO 13849-1 has presumption of conformity according machinery directives 2006/42/EC and 98/37/EC

Manufacturers Operators

Harmonised European standards National statutory provisions

Low voltage directive2006/95/EC

e.g. machines

Responsibility

“Health and safety” outline directive89/391/EEC

Article 137 of the EU Treaty(occupational health and safety)

Free movement of goods in Europe

Article 95 of the EU Treaty(free movement of goods)

Machinery directive98/37/EC

2006/42/EC

“Use of work equipment” single directive 86/655/EEC

One option for complying with

the EC machinery directive is to

apply harmonised standards.

Harmonised standards are listed

in the Official Journal of the

European Communities.

Applying these results in what is

known as the “presumption of

conformity”, which reinforces

the legal security of operators

and manufacturers.

Manufacturers have to comply

with the laws of their country.

Applying standards is an option.

Standards reflect the best

available technology.

Directives are laws. The EC

machinery directive applies to

mechanical engineering run on.

The primary aim of the EC

machinery directive is to specify

basic health and safety require-

ments in relation to the design

run on and construction of

machines. The CE mark identifies

a machine as compliant with the

EC machinery directive.

A new machinery directive will

apply to the trade in and con-

struction of machines in

the EU from the end of 2009.

EU member states urgently have

to incorporate this directive into

their national legislation be -

cause, at European level, directi-

ves are laws.

Applying harmonised

standards provides legal

security in compliance with

European law.

Risks are the result of hazards

and relate to the gravity of

possible damage and the

probability of the damage

occurring.

The first step is to reduce risk by

implementing inherent safety.

The second step is to reduce risk

by implementing safety meas -

ures. The final measure is to

reduce risk through instruction.

8

Fundamental standards for designing control functions

9

Definition and elements of risk

Functional and safety-related requirements forsafety-related control systems

Designing and implementing safety-related control systems

EN 62061Safety of machineryFunctional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable control systems

Any architecturesSafety integrity level (SIL)SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3

DIN EN ISO 13849-1Safety of machinerySafety-related parts of control systems, part 1: General principles for designSuccessor standards to EN 954-1:1996, transition period until 2009

Designated architectures (categories)Performance level (PL)PL a, PL b, PL c, PL d, PL e

Design and risk assessment of machinery

EN ISO 12100Safety of machineryBasic concepts, general principles for design

EN 1050 (EN ISO 14121-1)Safety of machineryRisk assessment, part 1: Principles

Electrical safety aspects

EN 60204-1Safety of machineryElectrical equipment of machines, part 1: General requirements

Risk before pro-tective measures

Adequately reduced

Residual risk

Necessary minimum risk reduction

Actual risk reduction

Severity of harmthat can result fromthe consideredhazard

Exposure of person(s) tothat hazard

The possibility of avoidingor limiting the harm

The occurrance of a hazardous event

Probability ofoccurranceof that harm

Risk in terms of the considered hazard

Safety = acceptable residual risk

High riskLow risk

Safety Danger/hazard

= +

Harmonised standards that

relate to machine safety serve

to reduce safety risks to an

acceptable minimum, as per the

machinery directive.

10

Risk assessment

11

Directives and standards de-

scribe the process of risk assess-

ment. Every manufacturer is

obliged to carry out a risk

assessment. This is followed

by a risk evaluation and, if

necessary, suitable meas ures

for reducing risk have to be

implemented.

Focusing on risk reduction

This guide is primarily concerned

with the area of risk reduction in

the form of technical safety

measures. We assume that all

pos sible design measures for

reducing risk have already been

explored.

When estimating the risk and

identifying the required perfor-

mance level, the degree of risk

reduction is established.

Whether or not the required

risk reduction level has been

achieved for technical safety

measures depends on the follo-

wing parameters:

1) Control architecture

2) Mean Time To Failure (MTTFd)

3) Diagnostic coverage (DC)

4) Common Cause Failure (CCF)

In all cases, the performance

level (PL) must be equivalent to

at least the required PLr.

Source: EN 1050, Section 5ISO 14121 Source: EN ISO 12100; 5.2

Source: EN ISO 12100; 5.3

Source: EN 1050, Section 6ISO 14121

Source: EN 1050, Section 7ISO 14121

Determination of the limits of the machinery

Start

Hazard identification

Risk estimation

Specification of the machinelimits• Use limits• Space limits• Time limits

Determining/defining states & transitional states

Source: EN 1050, Appendix B

Source: DIN EN ISO 13849-1, 4.2 Figure 3

• Preliminary hazard analysis(PHA)

• WHAT-IF method• Failure mode and effects

analysis, failure effects analysis (FMEA)

• Failure simulation for con-trol systems

• MOSAR procedure• Fault tree analysis (FTA) –

DELPHI-Technique• Human interaction during

whole life cycle• Possible states of the

machine• Unintended behaviour of

the operator or reasonablyforeseeable misuse

Source: EN 12100-2, Section 4

Risk evaluation of safety

design measures – Is themachine

safe?

Design measurese.g. inherent safety

Technical safety measures and supplementary safety measures

Identify the safety function to be performed

For each safety function specify the required characteristics

Determining the required PLr

Design and technical implementation of the safetyfunction

Determining the PL

Category MTTFd DC CCF

User information on the machine and in the usermanual

no

yes

Source: Directive 2006/42/EC, Appendix I, 1)

All possible instructive measures

used

End

no

yes

PL PLr

yes

no

Riskevaluation

of technical safetymeasures–

Is the machinesafe?

no

yes

Source: EN 12100-2, Section 6

Ris

k as

sess

men

tS

ourc

e: E

N I

SO

105

0/14

121

Ris

k an

alys

isS

ourc

e: E

N I

SO

121

00, 3

.14

Ris

k ev

alua

tion

Sou

rce:

EN

IS

O 1

2100

-1, 5

.3

For

all

safe

ty f

unct

ions

Ris

k re

duc

tion

Sou

rce:

EN

IS

O 1

2100

-1, 5

.4

≤

10–8 ≤ PFHd < 10–7

1312

Application 13849-1, step 1: Determining the required performance levelEvaluating technical safety measures – determination of the performance level

The figure shows the simplified

procedure for determining the

performance level (PL) of a safe-

ty function. The PL is a function

of categories B to 4, diagnostic

coverage “none to high”, various

MTTFd areas and the common

cause failure.

The PL can be assigned to a spe-

cific SIL level. However, it is not

possible to infer the PL from the

SIL. Apart from the average pro-

bability of a dangerous failure

per hour, other measures are

needed to achieve a specific PL.

The graph for determining the

required performance level is

based on identifying the risk and

the resulting necessity for reduc -

ing this to an acceptable level.

Low risk results in PL = a

(min imal measures for risk

reduction).

High risk results in PL = e

(comprehensive measures for

risk reduction).

Technically speaking, PLr

(re quired) is a “nominal value”,

which is the minimum that

should be achieved by the real

structure.

Statements from EN 62061 are

also quoted here for a better

assessment of risks. The basic

principle of risk is always

eva luated in the same way: the

severity of the possible damage

and the probability that the

damage will occur.

Risk graph: Which performance level isrequired? PL a to e

Designated architectures: How is thecontrol chain or safety function structured? Cat B to 4

Quality of components in the control chain. Determining the MTTFd for the entire process chain – from sensors toactuators

Diagnostic coverage: Which dangerous failures are identified?

Common cause failure (CCF): measuresto reduce CCF

Determination of the MTTFd = mean time to failure (dangerous)

Det

erm

inat

ion

th

e P

L =

Per

form

ance

Lev

el

Det

erm

inat

ion

of

the

SIL

= S

afet

y In

tegr

ity

Leve

l

a

b

c

d

e

Cat 2

60% ≤ DC < 90%

low

90% ≤ DC < 99%

medium

90% ≤ DC < 99%

medium

Cat 3

60% ≤ DC < 90%

low

Cat 4

99% ≤ DChigh

DIN EN ISO 13849-1Chapter 4.5.4

Cat 1

DC < 60%none

Cat B

CCF not relevant CCF 65%

DC < 60%none

1

2

3

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

Evaluation

Low

Medium

High

Source: DIN EN ISO 13849-1, Chapter 4.5.2

MTTFd

3 years ≤ MTTFd < 10 years


30 years ≤ MTTFd ≤ 100 years

10–5 ≤ PFHd < 10–4

3 x 10–6 ≤ PFHd < 10–5

10–6 ≤ PFHd < 3 x 10–6

10–7 ≤ PFHd < 10–6

P1

P2

P1

P2

P1

P2

P1

P2

F1

F2

F1

F2

S1

S2

a

b

c

d

e

Source: DIN EN ISO 13849-1, Appendix 1.2.3

low risk

high risk

DIN EN ISO 13849-1

S Severity of injury

S1 Slight (normally reversible injury)

S2 Serious (normally irreversible injury, or death)

F Frequency and/or exposure to hazard

F1 Seldom to less often and/or exposed time is short

F2 Frequent to continuous and/or exposed time is long

P Possibility of avoiding the hazard

P1 Possible under specific conditions

P2 Scarcely possible

Statements from other standards

EN 62061

Irreversible injury (4 points)(death, loss of eye or arm)

Irreversible injury (3 points)(broken limb, loss of finger)

Reversible injury (2 points)(requires further medical attention from a doctor)

Reversible injury (1 point)

Frequency (with a duration > 10 min)< 1 h (5 points)> 1 h to < 1 day (5 points*)> 1 day to < 2 weeks (4 points*)> 2 weeks to < 1 year (3 points*)> 1 year (2 points*)

* if exposure lasts less than 10 min, this can be reduced one level

Impossible (5 points)

Rare (3 points)

Probable (1 point)

≤

14

Implementation 13849-1, step 2: Determination of the designated architechture

for category B

15

I im imL O

Safety function

Exhausting

Example

Entire control chain = cat. B

Cat. B*

Cat. 1

*Normal PLC control systems (not safety control systems) only achieve category B

Category Summary of requirements System behaviour

B • Safety-related parts of control systems must comply with the

applicable standards

• Control system must be designed, built, selected, assembled and

combined to ensure that they withstand the expected influences

• Fault tolerance: zero.

The occurrence of a fault can

lead to the loss of the safety

function

• Mainly characterised by

selection of components

1716

Control architecture of category 1

I im imL O

Safety function

Exhausting

Example*

Entire control chain = cat. 1

Hardware structure Wiring

*The example shows the schematic representation of a specific category. Depending

on the safety relay, the wiring may be different and the connections may have

different designations. A fault examination has to be carried out for each concrete

application.


1 • The requirements of B shall apply

• Well-tried components and well-tried safety principles

shall be used

Well-tried component:

a) Widely used in the past with successful results in similar

applications, or

b) Manufactured and verified using principles that

demonstrate its suitability and reliability for safety-related

applications

• Fault tolerance: zero, but the

probability of occurance is

lower than for category B

• The occurrence of a fault can


function


selection of components

EM

ERGENCYS T O P

18


19

I im imL O

im

m

TE OTE

Safety function

Exhausting

Example*




on the safety relay, the wiring may be different and the connections may have

different designations. A fault examination has to be carried out for each concrete

application.


2 • Requirements of B and the well-tried safety principles shall apply

• Safety-related parts of control systems must check safety functions

at suitable intervals by the machine control system: when the machi-

ne starts up and before a hazardous situation arises, e.g. the start of

a new cycle; at the start of other movements and/or periodically

during operation, if the risk assessment and the operation mode

show that this is necessary.

• Fault tolerance: zero, but the

loss of the safety function is

detected by the check

• The occurrence of a fault can


function between the checks

• Testing at suitable intervals

(test frequency must fulfil one

hundred times the requirement

rate (safety function))

• Mainly characterised by structure

EM

ERGENCYS T O P

Example*



2120


I1 im

imL1 O1

m

I2 im

imL2 O2

m

c

Safety function

Exhausting


on the safety relay, the wiring may different and the connections may have different

designations. A fault examination has to be carried out for each concrete

application.

Note: BGIA certification as a category 3 component as per DIN EN ISO 13849-1 has been

requested for MS6-SV.


3 • Requirements of B and the use of well-tried safety principles

shall apply

• Safety-related parts shall be designed so that

a single fault in any one of these parts does not lead to a loss of

the safety function, and

• Whenever reasonably practicable, the single fault is detected

• Fault tolerance: one

When a single fault occurs,

the safety function is always

performed

• Some but not all faults are

identified

• Accumulation of undetected

faults can lead to the loss of

the safety function


structure

EM

ERGENCYS T O P

22


23

I1 im

imL1 O1

m

I2 im

imL2 O2

m

c

Safety function

Exhausting

Example*




on the safety relay, the wiring may be different and the connections may have different

designations. A fault examination has to be carried out for each concrete

application.

Note: BGIA certification as a category 3 component as per DIN EN ISO 13849-1 has been

requested for MS6-SV.


4 • Requirements of B and the use of well-tried safety principles

shall apply

• Safety-related parts shall be designed so that a single fault in any of these parts does not lead to a loss of the safety function, and

• The single fault is detected at or before the next demand upon the

safety function, but that if this detection is not possible, an

accumulation of undetected faults shall not lead to the loss of the

safety function.

• Fault tolerance: one When single fault occurs, thesafety function is always per-formed

• Detection of accumulatedfaults reduces the probabilityof the loss of the safety func-tion

• The faults will be detected in time to prevent the loss of the

safety function

• Mainly characterised by structure

EM

ERGENCYS T O P

2524

Formula for determining the

MTTFd value for a mechanical

element in a channel

Mean number of annual

actuations nop for the

mechanical element

Calculating the total MTTFd for

two different channels

where:

B10d [cycles] = mean number of cycles until 10% of components fail

dangerously

B10d = 2xB10

hop [h/d]: mean operating hours/day

dop [d/anno]: mean operating days/year

tcycle [s]: mean cycle time

MTTFdC1 and MTTFdC2:

values for two different,

redundant channels. If the

MTTFd for a channel is more than

100 years, 100 years is used in

subsequent calculations.

Implementation 13849-1, step 3: Determination of the Mean Time To Failure (MTTFd)

Input signalInput Control signalLogic Control signalOutlet

Application data

MTTFd MTTFd

Evaluation

Low

Medium

High

Source: DIN EN ISO 13849-1, Chapter 4.5.2

MTTFd


10 years ≤ MTTFd <30 years

30 years ≤ MTTFd ≤ 100 years

Life time data based on the technical data sheet

B10 B10

MTTFd MTTFd

1______MTTFd

=N

i=1

1_______MTTFd,i

MTTFd =B10d

0.1 • nop

nop =dop • hop • 3600s/h

tcycle

MTTFd = MTTFdC1 + MTTFdC2 – 1

1MTTFdC1

+ 1MTTFdC2

23

The mean time to failure (MTTFd)

is initially determined for each

redundant channel. Next, a total

MTTFd value is determined for

both channels. This value is

given in years and is a qualita -

tive statement of the safety func-

tion. In line with the applicable

standard, the technical safety

measure is assessed and given

one of three classifications: low,

medium or high.

Key

Not relevant for this

component

Freedom from defects

assured to some extent

for the component (see

DIN ISO 13849-2)

Freedom from defects

not assured for this

component

26

Implementation 13849-1, step 4: Determination of the diagnostic coverage (DC)

27

This table shows a summary of

sources of fault related to pneu-

matics, taken from DIN EN ISO

13849-2. Under certain condi-

tions, it is possible to exclude

faults.

The prerequisites for excluding a

fault are described in detail in

DIN EN ISO 13849-2.

Faults must be examined and

evaluated in the context of each

application to establish whether

the fault has a dangerous effect

on the safety function.

Depending on the construction

principle and the design of com-

ponents, different results may

arise for different applications;

in other words, a specific product

may be suitable for one appli -

cation but not for another.

The design engineer for the

installation is responsible for

checking this.

Ch

ange

of

swit

chin

g ti

mes

No

n-s

wit

chin

g/

no

t sw

itch

ing

bac

k

Sp

on

tan

eou

s ch

ange

of

the

init

ial

swit

chin

g p

osi

tio

n (

wit

ho

ut

an

inp

ut

sign

al)

Leak

age

Ch

ange

in t

he

leak

age

flo

w r

ate

ove

r a

lon

g p

erio

d o

f u

se

Bu

rsti

ng

of

the

valv

e h

osi

ng/

mo

vin

g co

mp

on

ent(

s)/m

ou

nti

ng/

ho

usi

ng

scre

ws

Ch

ange

in f

low

rat

e w

ith

ou

t an

y

chan

ge in

set

tin

g d

evic

e

Ch

ange

in t

he

flow

rat

e in

th

e ca

se

of

no

n-a

dju

stab

le, c

ircu

lar

ori

fice

s

and

no

zzle

s

Sp

on

tane

ou

s ch

ange

in t

he

sett

ing

dev

ice

For

pro

po

rtio

nal

flo

w v

alve

s:

un

inte

nti

on

al c

han

ge in

th

e

sett

ing

valu

e

Ch

ange

in t

he

set

valu

e w

ith

ou

t

chan

ge t

o t

he

sett

ing

dev

ice

Uni

nten

ded

uns

crew

ing

of

the

op

erat

ing

elem

ent

of

the

sett

ing

dev

ice

Failu

re a

t th

e co

nn

ecto

r (e

. g.

tear

ing

off

, lea

kage

)

Clo

ggin

g (b

lock

age)

Ben

din

g

Ch

ange

of

the

det

ecti

on

or

ou

tpu

t ch

arac

teri

stic

s

Failu

re o

f th

e en

d p

osi

tio

n

cush

ion

ing

Loo

sen

ing

of

the

pis

ton

/

pis

ton

ro

d c

on

nec

tio

n

Pre

ssu

re r

ise

Pre

ssu

re f

ailu

re

Elec

tric

al p

ow

er f

ailu

re

Directional control valves

DC1 =

Shut-off/non-return/quick

exhaust/shuttle valves

Flow control valves

Pressure limiting valves

Pipework

Tubing

Connecting pieces

Pressure intensifier and pressure

medium converter

Filter

Lubricator

Silencer

Energy storage device

and reservoir

Sensors

Logic elements (AND/OR)

Delay elements

Transformers (pressure switch,

position switch and amplifier)

Cylinder

(identified

dangerous fault)

(total

dangerous fault)

Products

Fault list

DC average

DCavg =

DC1 DC2 DCN

MTTFd1 MTTFd2 MTTFdN

1 1 1

MTTFd1 MTTFd2 MTTFdN

+ + ... +

+ + ... +

Common cause failure

No. Measures against CCF Score S

1 Separation/ Segregation

Physical separation between signal paths, e.g. separation in wiring/piping, sufficient clearances

and creep age distances on printed-circuit boards 15

2 Diversity

Different technologies/design or physical principles are used, for example: first channel program-

mable electronic and second channel hardwired, kind of initiation, pressure and temperature.

Measuring of distance and pressure, digital and analog. Components of different manufactures 20

3 Design/application/experience

3.1 Protection against overvoltage, over pressure, over-current etc. 15

3.2 Components used are well-tried 5

4 Assessment/analysis

Are the results of a failure mode and effect analysis taken into account to avoid common-

causefailures in design. 5

5 Competence/training

Have designers/ maintainers been trained to understand the causes and consequences of

common cause failures? 5

6 Environment

6.1 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 25

The system was checked for EMC immunity

(e.g. as specified in the relevant product norms)

6.2 Other factors 10

Have the requirements for immunity to all relevant environmental influences such as temperature,

shock, vibration, humidity (e.g. as specified in relevant standards) be considered?

Total [max. possible: 100]

Measures for avoiding CCF Total S score

Meets the requirements 65% or better

Process failed; choose additional measures less than 65%

28

Implementation 13849-1, step 5: Determining Common Cause Failures (CCF)

29

Combination or series connection of SRP/CS to achieve an overall performance level

PL a, b, c, d or e PL a, b, c, d or e

User design Using certifiedcomponents

Partial result Logic

PL determined by the mechanical engineer

specified by the manufacturer

Logic



Partial result Actuators



Architectureselection

Diagnosticcoverage0 ... 99%

CCF valuecommon cause

failure

MTTFd

B10 value

Applicationdata nop




failure

MTTFd

B10 value

Applicationdata nop




failure

MTTFd

B10 value

Applicationdata nop

Partial result Sensors

Sensors Actuators

Which common cause failures

can arise? The measures against

these failures should be re -

corded in a grid. Only the

complete number of points or no

points may be claimed for each

listed measure. If a measure is

only partially fulfilled, it receives

zero points.

Safety functions can be imple-

mented using multiple SRP/CS

connected in series. The perfor-

mance of each SRP/CS is either

determined by the user or, ideal-

ly, specified by the manufacturer

of the component in the techni-

cal data for the certified com -

ponents.

To determine the total perform -

ance level, the number of the

lowest performance level has

to be identified and the overall

PL is determined using the

standard.

Simplified calculation of PL for

series allignment of Safey-

related Part of control Systems

In a series connection, the

number of the lowest PL is deter-

mined. This result can be used

to determine the total PL from

the table.

Lowest PL Number of lowest PL Entire system

PLlow Nlow PL

a ,3 not permitted

>ˆ3 a

b ,2 a

>≤2 b

c ,2 b

>≤2 c

d ,3 c

>≤3 d

e ,3 d

>≤3 e

30 31

Reducing pressureand force

Exhausting

Reversing a movement

Tamper-proof, prevention ofunexpected starting up

Free of forces Stopping, holding and blocking a movement

Reducing speed

Maintainingpressure

Two-handoperation

Pressurising

Set-up and service operation

Normal operation

Initial position, standstill

Emergency operation

4 operation modes – 10 safety functions

During the risk assessment, the

hazardous situation also has to

be determined and, sub -

sequently, the risks have to be

evaluated. This applies to a

machine’s entire service life.

The following four operating

modes in particular are used for

operating a machine:

• Initial position/standstill

• Normal operation

• Set-up and service operation

• Emergency operation

Specific safety functions can be

derived from these operation

modes:

• Pressurising of machines

• Maintaining pressure

• Reducing pressure and force

• Exhausting of machines

• Two-hand operation

• Tamper-proof

• Reducing speed

• Free of forces

• Stopping, holding and blocking

a movement

• Reversing a movement

You can find these safety func-

tions both in the suggested cir-

cuits and in the products and

solutions. The information spe -

cified always refers to very spe-

cific safety functions.

This will enable you to quickly

de cide whether the information

is relevant to your current task,

both in the sample circuits and

in the products.

In progress: safety during setting-up

Safety measures 1. Prevention of unexpected

start-up, as per EN 10372. Single-channel run at

reduced speed, as per EN ISO 13849-1

The varying requirements and areas of application for installations mean that the results of risk

analyses are very variable – as are the solutions for them. Here we present some important examples.

Power-driven interlocking

guards

Safety measures

1. Prevention of unexpected

start-up, as per EN 1037

2. Single-channel for safety func-

tion exhausting, as per

EN ISO 13849-1

3. Stop category “1” as per

EN 60204-1

32

Examples of safety-orientated pneumatics

33

Safety for pressing, joining andsetting procedures

Safety measures 1. Prevention of unexpected

start-up, as per EN 10372. Single-channel reversing,

as per EN ISO 13849-1 3. Unpowered state using

stop category “1” as per EN 60204-1

Picking & Placing discrete

goods

Safety measures

1. Prevention of unexpected


2. Two-channel stop, as per

EN ISO 13849-1

3. Stop category “1” as per

EN 60204-1

Function Description (max. possible)

Control architecture Cat. 3

Number of channels 2

Diagnostic coverage Medium

Performance level d

CCF > 65%

Description

If pressure switch DR1 displays

the minimum operating pressure

and the two pushbuttons WV5

and WV6 are actuated, both

two-hand control blocks (WV3

and WV4) switch through. This

reverses the WV1 and WV2

power valves and the piston rod

extends.

If only one of the two power

valves reverses, the piston rod

remains retracted. If the piston

rod extends and one power valve

is reset by the integrated spring,

the piston rod retracts again.

The working lines to the bearing

cap side of the cylinder are

safety-related; in other words,

they play a decisive role in the

function and, by extension,

safety.

If one of these lines is kinked or

clogged, the cylinder does not

receive the pressure it requires

to travel to its retracted position.

This should be noted when

laying the working lines, for

example, in energy chains.

If one of the power valves fails,

there is an “acoustic” fault

alarm caused by venting at on

one of the silencers.

Note

All the information that relates

to standards is identified with

“max. possible”. Whether the

values are reached does not

depend only on the pneumatics.

It is only possible to assess

whether a specific function is

achieved or not by observing the

complete system. The design of

the electrical engineering,

mechanics, hydraulics and pneu-

matics all play a role.





Performance level d

CCF > 65%

Part no. Identifier Type Product designation

3527 WV1 ZSB-1/8 Control block for

two-hand start

6817 WV2 SV-3-M5 Front panel valve

6817 WV3 SV-3-M5 Front panel valve

9270 DR VD-3-PK-3 Pressure sequence valve

Description

The control block for two-hand

start ZSB 1/8 is a pneu matic

AND gate. If inputs 11 and 12

are pressurised within a

max. of 0.5 s of each other, the

assembly switches through and

there is an output signal at

port 2.

The system is controlled by two

external 3/2-way push-button

valves. If both push-button

valves are activated, outlet

port 2 is pressurised. If one or

both pushbuttons are released,

outlet port 2 is unpressurised.

The system exhausts from 2 to 3.

Note




values are reached does not only

depend on the pneumatics.



achieved or not by observing

the complete system. The design

of the electrical engineering,



34

Sample circuit diagram – two-hand control block

35

Part no. Identifier Type Product designation

9270 DR1 VD-3-PK-3 Pressure sequence valve

KS1 Any drive

SP1 One-way flow control

valve

SP2 One-way flow control

valve

161061 WV1, WV2 VL-5/2-D-01-FR 5/2-way valve

3527 WV3, WV4 ZSB-1/8 Control block for two-

hand start

184135 WV5, WV6 SV/O-3-PK-3x2 Front panel valve

Safety function

Two-hand operation

Safety function

Two-hand operation

Safety function

Reversing

Sample circuit diagram – double two-hand control block

Control chain

one-way flow control valve screwed in cylinder

safety relevant

safety relevantsafety relevant

1 mhose





Performance level d

CCF > 65%





Performance level d

CCF > 65%

Description

The cylinder can be held

pneumatically via two different

channels.

Channel 1 is created by stop

valve WV1. When not actuated

(mid-position), the valve is

closed; in other words, if the

electrical power is switched off,

WV1 switches to its spring

centred mid-position and the

cylinder is held pneumatically.

The second channel is created

by the two stop valves (WV3 and

WV4) and actuating valve WV2.

When not actuated, WV2 is

exhausted and switches the

two stop valves to the closed

position. The two stop valves

create the second channel for

pneu matic holding.

Note










the elec trical engineering,



Description

Directional control valves WV1

and WV2 are responsible for the

normal operating function. If

there is no current, they are in

their initial position and exhaust

the installation. To make it pos -

sible to retract and extend the

cylinder, WV3 has to exert pres-

sure on both non-return valves

(SP1 and SP2).

In this case, the two non-return

valves do not affect normal

operation.

If both non-return valves (SP1

and SP2) are exhausted, cylinder

KS1 can also be exhausted via

the non-return valves.

These make up the second

channel for exhausting the drive.

It is important to note that the

two non-return valves also need

a differential pressure in order to

exhaust. This differential is

application specific.

Note










the elec trical engineering,



36 37

Identifier Type Product designation

KS1 Any drive

DS1 Any pressure switch

SP2, SP1 e.g. HGL, H, HA, HB Non-return valve

WV3, WV2, WV1 e.g. CPE, MHE, MFH Solenoid valve

Part no. Identifier Type

KS1 Any drive


DR1, DR2 GR...

WV1, WV2 CPE..., MH...,MFH..., VSVA...

910445 WV3, WV4 VL-2-1/4-SA3919

Sample circuit diagram – exhausting via non-return valves

Safety functionStopping, holding and blocking a movement

Sample circuit diagram – pneumatic holding using stop valves

Safety function

Exhausting

Part no. Type Product designation

163380 DNC-50-500-PPV-A standard cylinder

9517 GRU-1/4-B flow control/silencer


11689 H-1/4-B non-return valve

188510 MFH-5/2-D-1-FR-S-C solenoid valve


151694 MPYE-5-1/4-010-B proportional directional

control valve

542897 SDE5-D10-FP-Q6E-P-M8 pressure switch





Performance level d

Max. possible CCF > 65%

Description

For implementation of the

following safety measures:

• Protection of unexpected


(two-channel design)

-> possible: performance level

“d”, as per EN ISO 13849-1

• Single-channel “exhausting”

safety mea s ure, as per

EN ISO 13849-1


“d”, as per EN ISO 13849-1*

• Stop category “0” as per

EN 60204-1

Description

The safety function “stopping a

movement” is implemented both

pneumatically and mechanically

(diversified) in this circuit.

Assuming that both the mecha-

nical brake and the pneumatic

holding in the application are

sufficient to fulfil the “stopping a

movement” safety function, this

is a two-channel system.

Channel 1 is implemented via

WV1. In the mid-position (dead),

the valve is closed and the

cylinder stops.

Note








achieved or not by observing

the complete system. The design

of the electrical engineering,

mechanics, hydraulics and

pneumatics all play a role.

The second channel is controlled

via the mechanical brake by

WV2. When exhausted, the

brake is activated and it holds

the piston rod. It is important to

note that a brake is used here,

and not a retaining device.

38 39

Sample circuit diagram – servopneumatics

Identifier Type Product designation


ST1, ST2 GR... Flow control valve

KS1 DNCKE.., DNCKE..-S, KEC.., KEC..-S Cylinder

WV1, WV2 CPE.., MH.., VSVA.., MFH.. Directional control

valve

Sample circuit diagram – mechanical and pneumatic holding

Safety functionStopping, holding and blocking a movement

Safety function

Exhausting

Safety functionTamper-proof, prevention of unexpected starting up

*Requires appropriate diagnostics

(e.g. additional evaluation of the signal

change at the pressure switch)

The cylinder can move

depending on its position

during exhausting.

40


41


Description



• Prevention of unexpected






safety measure, as per

EN ISO 13849-1-> possible:

performance level “d”, as per

EN ISO 13849-1*


EN 60204-1

Description






> pos sible: performance level




EN ISO 13849-1




EN 60204-1

Safety function

Exhausting

Safety function

Tamper-proof, prevention

of unexpected starting up

Safety function



Safety function

Stopping

a movement










control valve


7802 MFH-3-1/8 solenoid valve

161082 VL-5/2-D-02-FR pneumatic valve








control valve





Pneumatic residual energy in

the system.

The cylinder can move

depending on its position

during exhausting.

42 43

Sample circuit diagram – servopneumaticsSample circuit diagram – servopneumatics

Description








• Two-channel “stop” safety

measure, as per EN ISO

13849-11* -> possible:

performance level “d”, as per

EN ISO 13849-1

Description








• Single-channel “reversing”


EN ISO 13849-1



• Single-channel “reduced

speed” safety measure, as per

EN ISO 13849-1

-> possible: performance

level "d", as per

EN ISO 13849-1*

Safety function



Safety function

Reversing

Safety function



Safety function

Stopping

a movement

Safety function

Reducing the speed











control valve

7802 MFH-3-1/8 solenoid valve






175042 GRLO-M3-QS-3 flow control valve






control valve


Pneumatic residual energy in

the system.

44 45


Description







“d”, as per EN ISO 13849-1 *

• Single-channel “reversing”


EN ISO 13849-1



• Single-channel “reduced

speed” safety measure, as per

EN ISO 13849-1



• Stop category “1”, as per

EN 60204-1 (however, no sens -

ing of speed “0”, instead the

reduced speed starts after a

set time)

Safety function



Safety function

ReversingSafety function

Reducing speed






175042 GRLO-M3-QS-3 flow control valve



151016 MFH-5/2-D-1-FR-C solenoid valve


control valve




Servopneumatics – key features at a glance

Servopneumatics – a drive tech-

nology with its own areas of

application. Servopneumatics

differs from standard pneuma-

tics in that it supports travel to

any desired position with maxi-

mum dynamic response and the

ability to cope with high forces

safely. It permits innovative and

cost-effective drive solutions.

Free positioning using servop-

neumatics is particularly useful

in scenarios that demand com-

pact and cost-effective solutions

where the loads to be moved

are typically in excess of 10 kg

and accuracy of a few tenths of

a millimetre is sufficient.

Rule of thumb: the overall cost-

effectiveness of a servopneu-

matic solution is higher the

heavier the load to be moved

(however there is a limit after

which the dynamic response will

be affected).

Electrical terminal CPX with

positioning module CMAX

Proportional valve VPWPPneumatic linear drive unit with

integrated displacement encoder DGCI

Technical data

Diameter

40, 63, 100 mm

Stroke length

10 ... 2000 mm

Holding force

1300 ... 8000 N

Function

Order code

Diameter

of the round material to be

clamped

16 ... 25 mm

Holding force

1300 ... 8000 N

Description

• Holding force of the clamp

is larger than the cylinder’s

max. permissible feed force

• For use in category 1 control

systems, as per DIN EN 954-1

(“reliable component”) If used

in higher categories, further

technical control measures

need to be taken

• Certified by the Institute

for Occupational. Safety and

Health (BGIA) for use in safety-

oriented control systems

• CE mark as per EU machinery

directive

Use

• As a holding device (static

application)

– Holding and clamping in the

event of power failure

– Protection against pressure

failure and pressure drop

– Holding the piston rod during

intermediate stops, for

operative procedures in a

process

• As braking device

(dynamic application)

– Braking or stopping move-

ments

– Suspension of a movement

if a danger area is entered

Complete safety – products

Everything from a single source:

our aim – in the field of safety

technology as elsewhere – is to

provide and implement solutions

for every safety task in the form

of components or systems.

On the following pages you will

find our range of products, to -

gether with brief descriptions of

their function and application

ranges. For additional infor -

mation, consult the electronic

catalogue on CD-ROM or online

at www.festo.com/catalogue

If you have any further ques-

tions, please consult your Festo

sales engineer, who will be

happy to help.

N

T

N

OO

Part no. Type Certification

526482 DNCKE-40--PPV-A

526483 DNCKE-63--PPV-A

526484 DNCKE-100--PPV-A

538239 DNCKE-40--PPV-A-S BGIA certified



527492 KEC-16

527493 KEC-20

527494 KEC-25

538242 KEC-16-S BGIA certified



4746

Products for safety engineering Braking units DNCKE-S, KEC-S

Safety function

Stopping, holding and

blocking a movement

49

Description

• Holding or clamping the piston

rod in any position

• Holding the piston rod for long

periods of time, even under

changing loads, pressure

fluctuations or leakages

FunctionTechnical data

Diameter

20 ... 100 mm

Stroke length

10 ... 500 mm

Static holding force

350 ... 5000 N

Order code

Part no. Type KP type

548206 ADN-20-...-KP KP-10-350

548207 ADN-25-...-KP KP-10-350

548208 ADN-32-...-KP KP-12-1000

548209 ADN-40-...-KP KP-16-1400

548210 ADN-50-...-KP KP-20-1400

548211 ADN-63-...-KP KP-20-2000

548212 ADN-80-...-KP KP-25-5000

548213 ADN-100-...-KP KP-25-5000

Clamping unit for short-stroke cylinders

N

T

Selection

Clamping cartridge KP

Technical data

Diameter of the round

material to be clamped

4 ... 32 mm


80 ... 7500 N

Function

Clamping unit KPE



4 ... 32 mm


80 ... 7500 N

Clamping unit KP, KPE

N

O

NN

OO

48

Part no. DNC-KP Stroke

[mm]

163302 Ø32 10-2000

163334 Ø40 10-2000

163366 Ø50 10-2000

163398 Ø63 10-2000

163430 Ø80 10-2000

163462 Ø100 10-2000

163494 Ø125 10-2000

O

Safety function


blocking a movement

Safety function


blocking a movement

DNC-...-KP



4 ... 32 mm


80 ... 7500 N

Description

• For customer-built clamping

units

• Ready-to-install combination

of clamping cartridge KP and

housing

• Various mounting options

• Holding or clamping the piston

rod in any position

• Holding the piston rod for long

periods of time, even under

changing loads, fluctuations or

leakage

Part no. Type

178465 KPE-10

178466 KPE-12

178467 KPE-16

178468 KPE-20

178469 KPE-25

178470 KPE-32

178462 KPE-4

178463 KPE-6

178464 KPE-8

Order code

Part no. Type

178455 KP-10-350

178456 KP-12-600

178457 KP-16-1000

178458 KP-20-1400

178459 KP-20-2000

178460 KP-25-5000

178461 KP-32-7500

178452 KP-4-80

178453 KP-6-180

178454 KP-8-350

DNC-...-A-...-EL

Technical data

Diameter

32 ... 100 mm

Stroke length

10 ... 2000 mm

Function

ADN-...-EL

Diameter

20 ... 100 mm

Stroke length

10 ... 500 mm

Description

• Mechanical locking when the

end position is reached

• Locking is automatically

released only when pressure is

applied to the cylinder

• End position locking at one or

both ends

Order code

End position locking …-EL

N

T

N

T

Part no. Type

548214 ADN-20-EL

548215 ADN-25-EL

548216 ADN-32-EL

548217 ADN-40-EL

548218 ADN-50-EL

548219 ADN-63-EL

548220 ADN-80-EL

548221 ADN-100-EL

Part no. Type Stroke [mm]

163302 DNC-32-EL 10-2000

163334 DNC-40-EL 10-2000

163366 DNC-50-EL 10-2000

163398 DNC-63-EL 10-2000

163430 DNC-80-EL 10-2000

163462 DNC-100-EL 10-2000

Technical data

Diameter

6 ... 25 mm


80 ... 600 N

Pressure

3 ... 8 bar

Order code

Use

• Clamping unit

– Mechanical clamping

– For fixing the slide in any

position

– Frictional locking

– Clamps with frictional

locking at any position

– Clamping via spring force,

released via compressed air

Function

C clamping unit

• End position locking

– Mechanical locking when

the end position is reached

– For fixing the slide in the

unpressurised, retracted

state

– Positive locking

– Locks with positive locking

in the retracted end position

only

– Locking via spring, unlocked

via compressed air

E3 end position lockingN

O

L

Mini slide DGSL unit with clamping unit or end position locking

50

Part no. Type

543903 DGSL-6

543904 DGSL-8

543905 DGSL-10

543906 DGSL-12

543907 DGSL-16

543908 DGSL-20

543909 DGSL-25

51

Safety function


blocking a movement

Safety function


blocking a movement

53

Description

• Category 3 as per DIN EN ISO

13849-1 can be reached with a

suitable control architecture.

• Max. possible performance

level = d

As intended, the control block

for two-hand start enables

triggering of a control signal with

both hands simultaneously

(synchronous) over two separate

push-button valves.

Function

This ensures that both of the

operator’s hands are outside

the machine’s danger area. The

product is a safety component

in line with the EC machinery

directive. The ZSB 1/8 control

block for two-hand start corres -

ponds to type IIIA, accord ing to

DIN EN 574, and category 1,

according to DIN EN

ISO 13849-1.

Sample circuit

Two-hand control block ZSB

52

Part no. Type Certification

3527 ZSB-1/8 CE certified

Description

• Use:

– two-channel directional

control valve for use in front

panels

– Suitable for higher category

control systems

– Can be combined with

various actuator attachments

Mushroom actuator PS

The actuator is unlocked by

turning the detent ring on the

mushroom head.

Function

Function

Mushroom pushbutton with

detent PRS

After pressing the pushbutton, it

can only be unlocked using a

key. The key can be removed in

both switching positions.

Key actuator Q with key

The key actuator can only be

operated with the key.

The key can be removed in both

switching positions.

SV/O front panel valve

Part no. Type

184135 SV/O-3-PK-3x2

M

L

Q

�

�

�

�

Safety function

Two-hand operation

Safety function

Two-hand operation

Technical data

Flow rate

up to 50 l/min

Pressure

3 ... 8 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... 60 °C

Order code

M

L

Q

Technical data

Flow rate

0 ... 70 l/min

Pressure

0 ... 8 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Order code

Control chain

Description

• Setting a defined flow rate

• A spring pin protects against

unauthorised resetting of the

volumetric flow rate

• Impossible to change the flow

control valve’s setting with

standard tools – thanks to the

spring pin protection

• Six different sizes from M5

to 3/4"

Function

55

�

�

Technical data

Flow rate

0 ... 2500 l/min

Pressure

0.2 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Order code

M

L

Q

Part no. Type

539717 GRLA-M5-B-SA218543

539661 GRLA-1/8-B-SA218543

539662 GRLA-1/4-B-SA218536

539715 GRLA-3/8-B-SA18541

539716 GRLA-1/2-B-SA218540

539714 GRLA-3/4-B-SA218542

54

Description

• Stop valve for blocking the

flow in a cylinder (supply/

exhaust air) in both directions.

A control signal opens the

closed ports

• Design: poppet valve control-

led via a swivel connection

• Tube fitting (thread G1/4)

• Port G1/4

• Nominal diameter Ø 4 mm

Function Technical data

Pressure

0 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-20 ... 80 °C

Order code

L

Q

Part no. Type

25025 VL-2-1/4-SA3919

Tamper-proof flow control valve GRLA-…-SA Stop valve VL-2-1/4-SA

Safety function


blocking a movement

Safety function



Surface for additional safety

label from the system’s

manufacturer or fitting company

Description

• Shut-off valve for shutting off

and exhausting pneumatic

systems. Can be shut off a

max. of 6 times in the closed

(exhausted) state

• Padlocks prevent unauthorised

starts

• For systems that require pneu-

matic shut-off, e.g. during

maintenance or repair work.

The valve is integrated into the

air supply lines

• Any mounting position

Function

Note

The shut-off valve cannot be

used as an emergency-stop

valve.

Order code

Use

Shutting off the compressed air

supply whilst simultaneously

exhausting systems powered

by compressed air. Pressing

the actuating button closes the

passage from 1 to 2 and opens

the passage from 2 to 3.

The maximum exhaust flow is

achieved by holding the ac tuat -

ing button in its end position

until the downstream system is

completely exhausted.

Greater safety: lockable

When closed, the valve can be

locked using a padlock. This

makes it impossible to supply an

inoperative system (e.g. during

maintenance work) with air

without authorisation.

57

Part no. Type

187026 HE-3/8-D-MIDI-NOT-SA



186688 HE-3/4-D-MAXI-SA

186689 HE-1-D-MAXI-SA

56

Technical data

Flow rate

3100 ... 6000 l/min

Pressure

0 ... 16 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Max. actuating force

90 N

• PWIS-free

M

L

Q

O

Description

• Valve for shutting off the com-

pressed air supply whilst

simultaneously exhausting

systems powered by compres-

sed air

• Pneumatic shut-off during

maintenance or repair work

• Fulfils the US Department of

Labor’s requirements

The valve is installed in the air

supply lines and fulfils the requi-

rements set out in

OSHA 29 CFR 147 “Control of

Function

Note

The shut-off valve cannot be

used as an emergency-stop

valve.

Order code

Hazardous Energy” from the US

Department of Labor. Pressing

the actuating button closes the

passage from 1 to 2 and opens

the passage from 2 to 3.

The maximum exhaust flow is

achieved by holding the actuat -

ing button in its end position

until the downstream system is

completely exhausted.

Greater safety: lockable

When closed, the valve can be

locked using a padlock. This

makes it impossible to supply an

inoperative system (e.g. during

maintenance work) with air

without authorisation.

Part no. Type

197136 HE-G1-LO

197135 HE-G3/4-LO

197134 HE-G1/2-LO

197133 HE-G3/8-LO

197132 HE-N1-LO

197131 HE-N3/4-LO

197130 HE-N1/2-LO

197129 HE-N3/8-LO

Technical data

Flow rate

5200 ... 12000 l/min

Operating pressure

1 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Max. actuating force

90 N

M

L

Q

O

Shut-off valves: European version Shut-off valve HE-LO: US standard

Safety function



Safety function



��

� �

Sensors from Festo

Standard sensors with reed con-

tacts for T-slots can be used: type

SME-8M, SMT-8M, SME-8, SMT-8

• Switching output non-contac -

t ing or with reed contact

• Various mounting and connec-

tion options

• Heat resistant and corrosion

resistant designs

• Versions free of copper or PTFE

Please note: sensors are ordered

separately.

Function

Description

• Electric on-off valve for pres -

surising and exhausting pneu-

matic systems

• With solenoid coil, without

plug socket

• 3 voltage ranges can be

selected

• Direct position sensing for the

piston spool

• Can be used in circuits with a

higher diagnostic coverage

• Senses position, not pressure

• Single-channel

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

2.5 ... 16 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Order code

59

Part no. Type

533537 HEE-D-MIDI-...-SA207255

548535 HEE-D-MAXI-...-SA217173

P

L

Q

58

�

� �

��

• Continuous sensing of the

function for fast exhausting at

any time

• Switch-on and pressure build-

up functions integrated into

the exhaust valve


start-up (two-channel

control)

• Compact design

• Internal evaluation of the

piston position sensing

Function

Description

• Exhaust reliably quickly in

safety-critical areas of the

system, e.g. during

an emergency stop

• Provides greatest possible

machine availability thanks to

reliable processes

• Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health (BGIA)

certification as per

DIN EN 13849-1, Category 4

• Quick exhaust for fast pressure

reduction

• Exhaust rate is one and a half

times the pressurising rate

Flow (exhaust)

up to 9000 l/min

Temperature range

-10 ... +50 °C

Part no. Type

548713 MS6-SV-D

548714 MS6N-SV-D

548715 MS6-SV-D-1/2-10V24-AG

548717 MS6-SV-D-1/2-10V24-SO-AG

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3,5 ... 10 bar

Flow (pressurise)

up to 6000 l/min

Order code

P

L

M

M

Q

On-off valve with piston position sensing Pressure build-up and exhaust valve, type MS 6-SV

Safety function

Pressurising Safety function

Exhausting

Safety function

Exhausting

Description

• The UOS silencer combines

the advantages of a standard

silencer and those of an open

silencer: large flow with low

noise level and a compact

design

• For “reliable exhausting” as

per DIN EN ISO 13849-1

• Suitable for use with the

MS6-SV valve

• Design: open

• Port: 1”

• PWIS free

Function

Contamination in the system

can block standard cylinders.

The consequence: increased

back pressure, which leads to

increased exhaust times in the

system. This is prevented with

this silencer, due to its special

design.

Dangerous cylinder movements

can lead to injury to people and

machines.

Part no. Type

552252 UOS-1

Technical data

Pressure

0 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +50 °C

Order code

L

Q

60 61

Description

• Pre-installed, operationally

integrated tested solution

• Number of channels: 2

• Diagnostic coverage

DC = medium (integrated fault

diagnostics)

• PLmax = e

• Air quality: 40 μm unlubricated

• Protected against uninten -

tional start-up (two-channel).

If the two solenoid coils are

activated simultaneously, the

compressed air is switched on

Function

• Ports ISO 1: QS8

• Ports ISO 3: QS12

• Optional extension of the per-

missible time window for elec-

tric actuation (approx. 10 ms)

by connecting additional

volumes (for each 0.5 l

-> approx. 0.5 sec.)

• Safe exhausting (two-channel)

of pneumatic port A when one

of the two coils is turned off

• Switching position sensing of

the directional control valves

in their initial position using

auxiliary pilot air for the other

directional control valve pro-

tects against an uncontrolled

restart and prevents a dange-

rous state�

� �

��

Part no. Type Flow rate

549146 ISO 1 valves 500 Nl/min

550521 ISO 3 valves 1500 Nl/min

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3 ... 8 bar

Temperature range

0 ... +40 °C

Flow rate ISO 1:

500 Nl/min

Flow rate for ISO 3:

1500 Nl/min

Order code

P

L

Q

M

M

Safety silencer, type UOS-1 Valve block for “reliable exhausting” of sub-systems

Safety function

ExhaustingSafety function

Exhausting

submitted

6362

� �

� � �

��

Description

• Solenoid valve as per

ISO 15407-1, plug form C, for

individual electrical connection

• Solenoid valve as per

ISO 15407-2, for use with

valve terminal VTSA

• Valve function: 5/2-way valve

• ISO size 01, other sizes on

request

• Width 26 mm

Order code

• The piston spool’s initial

position is monitored by a

proximity sensor

• For higher category control

architectures

• Proximity sensor with M8 port

Part no. Type Version

560723 VSVA-B-M52-MZD-A1-1T1L-APC Size 01, 5/2RF, plug-in valve,

with PNP sensor and cable

560724 VSVA-B-M52-MZD-A1-1T1L-APP Size 01, 5/2RF, plug-in valve,

with PNP sensor and M8 plug

560725 VSVA-B-M52-MZH-A1-1C1-APC Size 01, 5/2RF, CNOMO valve,

with PNP sensor and cable

560726 VSVA-B-M52-MZH-A1-1C1-APP Size 01, 5/2RF, CNOMO valve,

with PNP sensor and M8 plug

560742 VSVA-B-M52-MZD-A1-1T1L-ANC Size 01, 5/2RF, plug-in valve,

with NPN sensor and cable

560743 VSVA-B-M52-MZD-A1-1T1L-ANP Size 01, 5/2RF, plug-in valve,

with NPN sensor and M8 plug

560744 VSVA-B-M52-MZ-A1-1C1-ANC Size 01, 5/2RF, CNOMO valve,

with NPN sensor and cable

560745 VSVA-B-M52-MZ-A1-1C1-ANP Size 01, 5/2RF, CNOMO valve,

with NPN sensor and M8 plug

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-5 ... +50 °C

Flow rate

1100 l/min

Function

P

L

Q

M

� �

� � �

��

Description

• The position of the piston

spool is sensed directly

• Senses position, not pressure

• Suitable for circuits with a

higher diagnostic coverage

• Suitable for higher category

circuits as per

DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Function

Sensors from Festo

Standard sensors with reed

contacts for T-slots can be used:

type SME-8M, SMT-8M, SME-8,

SMT-8

• Switching output contactless

or via reed contacts

• Various mounting and connec-

tion options

• Heat resistant and corrosion

resistant designs

• Versions free of copper or PTFE

Please note: sensors are ordered

separately.

Technical data

Flow rate

1200 ... 4500 l/min

Pressure

3 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +50 °C

Voltage

24 V DC

Order code

M

L

Q

Part no. Type

185994 MDH-5/2-D1-FR-S-C-A-SA27102

188005 MDH-5/2-D2-FR-S-C-A-SA23711

188006 MDH-5/2-D3-FR-S-C-A-SA23712

ISO valves in accordance with 15407-2 with switching position sensingISO valves in accordance with 5599-1 with position sensing of the piston spool

P

Description

Valve terminal with multiple

connector plate/fieldbus con-

nection as per ISO 15407-2

• Vertical stacking plus two

sensor valves

• Pressurising/exhausting via

linked standard VTSA valves

Valve terminal, consisting of

24 V DC multi-pin plug connector

with cable, a series manifold,

right-hand end block, double

vertical stacking and 2 VSVA

plug-in valves, width 26 mm,

with piston position sensing by

inductive PNP prox imity sensor,

size M8, and plain cable end and

covered manual override. The

valves are pneumatically inter-

linked via the vertical stacking

plate using two channels (port 2

is connected in parallel, port 4

inline).

• Valve function: 5/2-way valve

• ISO size 01

• Position sensor with M8 port

• Valve width 26 mm

Temperature range

-5 ... +50 °C

Flow rate

1100 l/min

Order code

Part no. Type Version

569819 VOFA-L26-T52-M-G14-1C1-APP Complete 2x5/2-control block, individual

electrical connector, PNP sensor

569820 VOFA-L26-T52-M-G14-1C1-ANP Complete 2x5/2-control block, individual

electrical connector, NPN sensor

Code letter „SP“ in order code Complete 2x5/2-control block, integration on

valve terminal VTSA, PNP sensor

Code letter „SN“ in order code Complete 2x5/2-control block, integration on

valve terminal VTSA, NPN sensor

64 65

Description

• For lifting and semi-rotary

cylinders in the automotive

industry

Use

• Self-holding and subsequent

pressure supply in both end

positions

• During the stroke, the cylinder

needs to be held under pres -

sure in the event of an emer-

gency (e.g. if someone steps

on a safety shut-off mat)

ISO valve for lifting and semi-rotary cylinders

Part no. Type

560728 VSVA-B-P53AD-H-A1-1T1L Size 01, 5/3 mid-position 3

1 port pressurised and 1 port exhausted,

switching position 14 detenting

Valve manifold with individual

electrical connection as per

ISO 15407-1

• Double connecting plate plus

two sensor valves with C shape

plug pattern

Valve block comprising a double

sub-base and two VSVA valves,

width 26 mm, with piston posi-

tion sensing via inductive PNP

proximity sensor, size M8, and

plain cable end.

24 V DC pilot valve with elec -

trical interface, C shape, and

covered manual override. The

valves are pneumatically inter-

linked via two channels in the

connecting plate (port 2 is con-

nected in parallel, port 4 inline).

Function

Function

ISO terminal for controlling presses

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3 ... 10 bar

Order code

Expected to be available from mid 2008

P

L

Q

M

Safety function

Stopping, holding and blocking

a movement (mechanically)

Safety function

Reversing

Safety function



submitted

Function Normal operation After an emergency stop Control

(electrical power switched off )

Retract clamping The clamping device is retracted via The clamping device remains pres - 5/3 WV 12 switched

device the 5/2 WV surised in both chambers (no automatic locking)

5/3 WV 14 initial position 5/2 WV 12 switched

5/2 WV 12 switched

Extend clamping The clamping device is extended via The clamping device remains 5/3 WV 12 switched

device the 5/2 WV pressurised in both chambers (no automatic locking)

5/3 WV 14 initial position 5/2 WV 14 switched

5/2 WV 14 switched

Clamping device in The end positions remain The pressure is sustained in the end 5/3 WV switched to 12 (automatic

end position pressurised positions locking)

5/3 WV 12 automatic locking 5/2 WV switched to 14 or 12

5/2 WV 14 or 12 switched

14 5 3 12

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-5 ... +50 °C

Flow rate

1000 l/min

P

L

Q

M

Order code

Expected to be available from mid 2008

66 67

�

�

Description

• Gradual pressure build-up

• The drives travel slowly into

their initial positions

• Sudden and unpredictable

movements are avoided

• Main seat opens at approx.

50% of the supply pressure

• Adjustable time delay for

pressure response

• To be used with HE and HEE

on-off valves

Function

HEL soft-start valve

Technical data

Flow rate

1000 ... 6500 l/min

Pressure

3 ... 16 bar

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Order code

M

L

Q

Part no. Type

170690 HEL-D-MINI

170691 HEL-D-MIDI

170692 HEL-D-MAXI

165076 HEL-1/8-D-MINI

165077 HEL-1/4-D-MINI

165078 HEL-3/8-D-MINI

186521 HEL-1/4-D-MIDI

165079 HEL-3/8-D-MIDI

165080 HEL-1/2-D-MIDI

165081 HEL-3/4-D-MIDI

186522 HEL-1/2-D-MAXI

165082 HEL-3/4-D-MAXI

165083 HEL-1-D-MAXI

Function

Technical data

Voltage

24 V DC

Pressure

3 ... 10 bar

Temperature range

-5 ... +50 °C

Flow rate

1000 l/min

Description

Pneumatic manual clamping

device for facilities in car body

construction work (insert loca-

tions)

Part no. Type

560727 VSVA-B-P53ED-H-A1-1T1L Size 01, 5/3 mid-position ex-

hausted, switching position 14

detenting

ISO valve for pneumatic manual clamping device

P

L

Q

M

Safety function

Pressurising

Safety function (3 stages)

Free of forces

Function Normal operation After an emergency stop Control

(electrical power switched off )

Clamping device is closed Unpressurised Unpressurised Valve is in the mid-position

Clamping device is in the end Force supported by air pressure Force supported by air pressure Coil 12 is switched

position (panel is clamped) (self-locking)

Valve remains in position 12

Clamping device opens Pneumatically operated Valve returns to the mid-position Coil 14 is switched

automatically

14 5 3 12

Description

Diaphragm pressure regulating

valve with secondary venting for

setting two different initial pres-

sures in one device. The lower

value of p2 (p21) can be set

mechanically (SW10 on the ad -

justing screw). The higher value

of p2 (p22) can be set with the

rotary knob. Switching from the

lower to the higher value occurs

electronically.

Function

� �

Technical data

p2 regulator pressure regulation

range 0.5 <= 7 bar

p1 supply pressure 1 1.5 bar <= 12 bar

Hymax max. pressure hysteresis 0.5 bar

p1max p1max: 12bar

P2max p2max: 7bar

PWIS-free

Corrosion resistance class CRC2

Ports G1/4

Technical data

Flow rate

up to 1300 l/min

Temperature range

-10 ... +60 °C

Order code

M

Q

68 69

Part no. Type

557377 VABF-S6-1-P5A4-G12-4S-1R3P

Description

Solenoid actuated on-off and

exhaust valve for gradual pres-

sure build-up in pneumatic

systems. This protects start-up

of pneumatic systems.

A small quantity of air flows into

the system through an adjust -

able flow control valve. The

initial pressure is built up

gradually. Downstream cylinders

and devices gradually reach

their initial position.

Order code

Key

Switch-over pressure

Filling time

Examples

Fast filling time, switch-over

pressure at 6 bar

Slow filling time, switch-

over pressure at 4 bar

Once the initial pressure reaches

the adjustable switch-over pres-

sure, the valve switches to full

flow.

Use

• Adjustable switch-over pres -

sure (2, 3, 4, 5 bar)

• Adjustable filling time

• 24 V DC or 110 V AC solenoid

• G1/2 or NPT 1/2 ports

• Built-in piston position sensing

• Flow rate (QNn):

pressurising 3000 l/min

exhausting 3400 l/min

Function

Dual-pressure regulator Soft-start/quick exhaust valve for ISO valve terminal type VTSA

Safety function

Pressurising Safety function

Reducing pressure and force

Pressure

Working pressure

submittedPart no. Type

550588 LR-D-MINI-ZD-V24-SA234223A

567841 LR-D-MINI-ZD-V24-UK-SA236138A

7170

Creating pressure zones and

separating exhaust air

• With the MPA pressure zones

can be introduced in many

ways for different working

pressures

• A pressure zone can be created

by separating the internal

supply ducts between the sub-

bases, with a corres ponding

separating seal or via a separa-

tor integrated into the sub-

base (code I)

• Pressure supply and

exhaust ing via supply plate

• Free positioning of the supply

plates and separating seals in

MPA with CPX and MPM

(multiple connector plate)

• Separating seals integrated

ex works as per the order,

differences can be indicated

via the coding system for

assembling valve terminals

MPA with CPX terminal

connection

Example of pressure zones

• Up to 8 pressure zones pos -

sible with MPA and CPX

The illustration shows an

example of how three pressure

zones are built up and connec-

ted with separating seals – with

external pilot air supply.

Further examples of pressure

supply and pilot air supply

• External pilot air supply, flat

plate silencer

• Internal pilot air supply, ducted

exhaust air

• External pilot air supply,

ducted exhaust air

Reliable exhausting of valves or

pressure zones

If used together with the

MS6-SV valve, specific areas can

be exhausted safely whilst the

pressure is re tained for specific

valves or pressure zones. This

is a common requirement for

protective cir cuits.

Pressure zones for valve terminal type 32 MPA

Creating pressure zones and

separating exhaust air

• With the VTSA, pressure zones

can be introduced in many

ways for different working

pressures

• Pressure zones can be created

by separating the internal

supply ducts between the

series sub-bases with a corres -

ponding channel separator

• Pressure supply and

ex haust ing via supply plate

• Free positioning of the supply

plates and separating seals in

VTSA

• Channel separator integrated

ex works as per the order,

differences can be indicated

via the coding system for

assembling valve terminals

VTSA with CPX terminal

connection

• Up to 16 pressure zones pos -

sible with VTSA (if only size 1,

ISO 5599-2, is used, up to 32

pressure zones are possible)

The illustration shows an

example of how three pressure

zones are built up and con -

nected with channel separation –

with internal pilot air supply.

Further examples of pressure

supply and pilot air supply via

an end plate

• Internal pilot air supply, ducted

exhaust air/silencer

• External pilot air supply,

silencer/ducted exhaust air

Reliable exhausting of valves or

pressure zones

If used together with the

MS6-SV valve, specific areas can

be exhausted safely whilst the

pressure is re tained for specific

valves or pressure zones. This

is a common requirement for

protective cir cuits.

Pressure zones for valve terminal type 44 VTSA

Zone 1

P1 P2 P3

Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 1

P1 P2 P3

Zone 2 Zone 3

7372

Description

The use of decentralised devices

on the fieldbus – particularly

those with a high protection

class for direct machine assem-

bly – requires a flexible power

supply concept.

A valve terminal with CPX can

generally be supplied via a

socket for all voltages.

Here, we distinguish between

supplying the

• Electronics plus sensors

• Valves plus actuators. The

following connecting threads

are possible

- M18

- 7/8”

Together with all the supply

lines, interlinking blocks make

up the backbone of the CPX ter-

minal. They provide the power

supply for the modules mounted

on them, as well as their bus

connection.

Many applications require the

CPX terminal to be separated

into voltage zones.

This is particularly true for

switching off the solenoid coils

and the ports separately. The

interlinking blocks can either be

designed as a centralised power

supply for the entire CPX ter -

minal (which saves on instal -

lation work), or they can be

designed as galvanically

separ ated, all-pin disconnec -

table potential groups/voltage

segments.

CPX terminal – power supply concept

7574

Are you a plant operator or

engineer? If the answer is ‘Yes’,

then the new machinery direc-

tive applies to you.

Are you prepared for the change-

over in safety engineering? Are

you familiar with the performan-

ce level of the safety functions?

The new machinery directive

2006/42/EC will come into force

on December 29, 2009.

The standard DIN EN 954-1

“Safety-related parts of control

systems – General principles for

design” has already been with-

drawn. The successor standard

DIN EN ISO 13 849-1 is now

valid.

In future it will be necessary to

define a performance level and

degree of diagnostic coverage.

Be informed with the aid of this

compact and intensive 1-day

course.

Content

• New machinery directive

2006/42/EC

• Changes compared with the

old machinery directive

98/37/EC

• Risk assessment to EN ISO 13

849-1

• Differences compared with DIN

EN 954-1

• EN ISO 13 849-1 concepts:

Performance Level PL

- Degree of diagnostic

coverage DC

- Common cause failure CCF

- Mean time to failure MTTF

• Determining the individual

values using selected pneu-

matic and electro-pneumatic

circuits

Course participants will receive

• A USB stick containing the

course documents, design

software for the performance

level and additional informa-

tion

• A “Safety engineering guide-

lines” manual

• A certificate confirming course

participation

• An option to purchase the

web-based training “Safety

engineering” at a 50%

discount.

Target group

Design engineers from

mechanical, electrical and

control engineering.

Duration

1 day

For further information, see the

www.festo-tac.com

“New machinery directive 2006/42/EC — new standard EN ISO 13 849-1

for pneumatics/electro-pneumatics (FOKUS)”

Safety is always more than just

the hardware and the corres -

pond ing circuit diagrams. Safety

starts at the concept stage, for

example by identifying necessary

performance levels.

For comprehensive qualification

on the subject of safety, Festo

Didactic provides numerous

seminars on various topics.

More than 40 years of expe -

rience in training and consulting

and 30,000 participants at more

than 2,900 events each year

speak for themselves: our

instructors provide you with their

own experience and give you

the best pos sible preparation for

your own specific safety tasks.

When it comes to self-structured

and flexible modular learning,

our web-based training course

“Safety engineering” is ideal.

Knowledge provides greater safety

77

The European machinery direc-

tive is law and requires that

design engineers incorporate

safety functions into machinery

and system designs. This is

certified with the CE mark. The

previous standard for risk

assessment DIN EN 954-1 has

already been withdrawn and

replaced by the new standard EN

ISO 13 849-1. Design engineers

will have to conduct their risk

assessments in accordance with

the new standards. Specific

pneumatic and electro-pneu-

matic circuits for the “Safety

measures for safety-related

pneumatic components” will be

presented. These sample circuits

will be examined with respect to

their failure behaviour.

This course aims to enable

design engineers to design

safety-related circuits up to con-

troller category 4, to understand

the interaction between pneu-

matic and electrical components

and to assess the behaviour of

pneumatic cylinders. The course

will teach design engineers what

needs to be taken into account

when developing these circuits.

The seminar focuses on circuit

technology.

Content

• Design and function of safety-

related circuits to EN ISO

13 849-1

• Identification of safety cate-

gories of circuits

• Selection of spare parts

• Power failure and recovery

• Safe pressurisation and

exhausting

• Safe opening of brakes and

clamps

• Basic and proven safety

principles of pneumatics to

EN ISO 13 849-2

• Selected safety measures for

safety-related pneumatic

components

- Unexpected restart

- Blocking, braking and rever

sing of movements

- Force isolation and freedom

of movement

- Reduced force and reduced

speed

- Two-hand operation

• Error analysis and error elimi-

nation to EN ISO 13 849-2

• Performance testing of safety-

relevant components

• Influence of tube length,

diameter and fittings on the

speed of cylinders

• Preventing manipulation of

protective devices

• Information on operating

instructions and maintenance

Target group


mechanical, electrical and

control engineering.

Duration

2 days

For further information, see

the Festo Didactic homepage:

www.festo-tac.com

76

The European directives and

standards describe the safety

re quirements for machines and

systems. These frequently inclu-

de the use of both electrical and

pneumatic drives and/or control

systems. In this seminar, you will

learn about both aspects and

will be in a position to design

them for optimal interaction in

the future.

Take advantage of the combined

expert knowledge of specialists

from Pilz GmbH & Co. KG and

Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG

in one seminar. Demonstrations

take place using an actual

machine model.

After the seminar, you will know

what requirements and options

are available for safe and re -

liable electrical engineering and

pneumatics. You will be familiar

with and able to use DIN

EN 954-1/DIN EN ISO 13849-1

“Safety-related parts of control

systems – General principles for

design” and associated norms.

Contents

• Introduction, machine

directives and standards: laws,

machinery directives and their

implementation, safe control

technology in accordance with

DIN EN 954-1, perspective on

the new DIN EN ISO 13849-1

• Safety-orientated electrical en -

gineering, safety engi neering

design of control systems,

reliable locking; attaching light

grids; scanners and safety

shut-off mats and their test

cycles; emergency-stop classi-

fications; stop categories and

operating modes; safe

drives; frequency converters;

speed monitoring; axis area

monitoring; discussion on

sample applications and cir -

cuits

• Safety-orientated pneumatics,

selected safety measures in

safety-oriented pneumatics,

characteristics of pneumatic

drives and controlling them,

power failure, power recovery

and restarting, two-hand cir -

cuits, sample circuits

Target group

Design engineers from mecha -

nical, electrical and control en -

gineering and control engineers

Duration

2 days

For more information, see the

Festo Didactic homepage:

www.festo-tac.de

“Safety in pneumatics and electro-pneumatics for design

engineers (SAFETY2)”

“Reliable design of machinery and systems (SEP-PILZ)”

79

The aim of this event is to make

participants more familiar with

the legal requirements through -

out a machine’s life cycle, from

acquisition up to modification

and inter-connection. Particular

attention is paid here to modi-

fying and inter-connection

machines, and the resulting

documentation required by law.

From the content

• Definitions and basic prin -

ciples:

New and old machines,

legal requirements, modifying

and inter-connecting machines

• Inventory-taking and retrofit-

ting using a model: required

properties, assessment based

on a risk analysis or hazard

analysis, emergency-off,

emergency-stop and stop

categories, common faults

from practical experience

• Implementation and design:

Requirements for modifying

and inter-connecting (Austrian

employee protection law,

§ 35), developing new

machines in Austria and

Germany, basic principles of

safe pneumatics and solution

variants, electro-technical

solutions and variants

• Documentation:

Requirements (Austrian

employee protection law,

§ 35), descriptions and opera-

ting instructions, technical

documents, testing and valida-

tion

Target group


mechanical, electrical and con-

trol engin eering and control

engineers.

Duration

1 day

For further information, see the

Festo Didactic homepage:

www.festo.at

This training program provides

an introduction to the complex

issue of safety engineering in

industrial machinery and

systems.

The aim is to make participants

more aware of the problems in

the design aspects of safety

engineering and help them

understand safety engineering

equipment and hazard analysis

methods.

From the content

• Introduction to machine safety

• The issue of liability

(Who is liable in the event of

accidents?)

• European directives

• Relationship between

directives and standards

• The new EU machinery

directive 2006/42/EC

• The hierarchy of European

standards for machine safety

• Machine safety in the USA

• The procedure for risk assess-

ment to EN ISO 14121 and

EN ISO 12100

• Definitions

• Risk assessment: determining

the required performance level

• Measures for risk reduction:

design measures, technical

safety measures, instructive

measures

• Selection of safety function

• Definition of controller

category

Further information

Available as a CD-ROM version

or alternatively WBT version for

installation on networks and

learning management systems,

with as many licenses as you

need.

Duration

approx. 4 hours

For further information, see

the Festo Didactic homepage:

www.festo-didactic.com

78

“Safe machines in operation (SMB)” in cooperation with

the Pilz company and TÜV Austria

WBT – Safety engineering web-based training

The training program is based

on the revised form of ma-

chinery directive 2006/42/EC.

This will come into force on

December 29, 2009. Directive

98/37/EC will apply until this

date. There will be no transition

period.

How will the overall perform-

ance level of a technical safety

measure be determined?

Concepts such as mean time to

failure MTTF, degree of diag-

nostic coverage DC, common

cause failure (CCF), redundancy

and diversity will be explained

in the learning program. The

components of safety devices

will also be explained in detail.

How will the overall perfor-

mance level of a technical safety

measure be determined?

Concepts such as mean time to

failure MTTF, degree of diag-

nostic coverage DC, common

cause failure (CCF), redundancy

and diversity will be explained

in the learning program. The

components of safety devices

will also be explained in detail.

List of abbreviations

8180

Abbreviation German name English name Source

a, b, c, d, e Bezeichnung für die Performance Level Denotation of performance levels DIN EN ISO 13849-1

AB Anzeige-Bediengeräte Display and operating units Festo

AC/DC Wechsel-/Gleichstrom Alternating current/direct units IEC 61511

AE Anfahr- und Entlüftungsventile Start-up and exhaust valves Festo

ALARP So niedrig wie vernünftigerweise möglich As low as reasonable practicable IEC 61511

ANSI US-amerikanische Normungsorganisation American National Standards Institute IEC 61511

AOPD/AOPDDR Aktive optoelektronische Schutzein- Active optoelectronic protection device ISO 12100-1,

richtung responsive to diffuse reflection DIN EN ISO 13849-1

AS-Interface Aktuator Sensor Interface Aktuator Sensor Interface

B, 1, 2, 3, 4 Bezeichnung für die Kategorien Denotation of categories DIN EN ISO 13849-1

B10 Anzahl von Zyklen, bis 10 % der Kompo- Number of cycles until 10 % of the DIN EN ISO 13849-1

nenten ausgefallen sind (u.a. für pneumati- components fail (for pneumatic

sche und elektromechanische Komponenten) and electromechanical compnents)

B10d Anzahl von Zyklen, bis 10 % der Kompo- Number of cycles until 10 % of the com- DIN EN ISO 13849-1

nenten gefährlich ausgefallen sind ponents fail dangerously (for pneumatic

(u.a. für pneumatische und elektrome- and electomechanical components)

chanische Komponenten)

BPCS Betriebs- und Überwachungseinrichtungen Basic process control system IEC 61511

BPCS Betriebs- und Überwachungseinrichtungen Basic process control system IEC 61511

als ein System

BSL Bootstraploader Bootstraploader

BTB/RTO Betriebsbereit Ready-to-operate

BWP Berührungslos wirkende Positionsschalter Electro-sensitive positionswitch

BWS Berührungslos wirkende Schutzeinrichtung Electro-snsitive protective equipment EN 61496

Cat. Kategorie Category DIN EN ISO 13849-1

CC Stromrichter Current converter DIN EN ISO 13849-1

ccd Kommando-Code, Teil einer SDO-Nachricht Command-code

CCF Ausfall in Folge gemeinsamer Ursache Common cause failure IEC 61508, IEC 62061,

prEN ISO 12849-1EN 61511-1:2004,

DIN EN ISO 13849-1

CEN Europäisches Komitee für Normung European Commttee for Standardization

CENELEC Europäisches Komitee für elektro- European Commttee for Electrotechnical

technische Normung Standardization

CMF Ausfall in Folge gemeinsamer Ausfallart Common mode failure EN 61511-1:2004

CRC Prüfsumme in einem Daten-Telegramm, Cyclic Redundancy Check

Signatur durch zyklische Redundanzprüfung

DC Diagnosedeckungsgrad Diagnostic Coverage DIN EN ISO 13849-1,

IEC 62061(IEC 61508-2:2000

DC Gleichstrom Direct current

DCavg[%] Diagnosedeckungsgrad (von Tests) Diagnostic Coverage, average DIN EN ISO 13849-1

DPV0

DPV1 Funktionsversionen von PROFIBUS

DR Druckventile Pressure control valves Festo

DS Druckschalter Pressure switch Festo

DV Druckverstärker Pressure amplifier Festo

E Externe Einrichtung zur Risikominderung External risk reduction facilities EN 61511-1:2004

E/A Eingabe/Ausgabe Input/Output

E/E/EP Elektrisch/elektronisch/programmierbar Electrical/Electronical/programmable IEC 61511, IEC 61508

elektronisch electronic

E/E/PE Elektrisch/elektronisch/programmierbar Electrical/Electronical/programmable IEC 61511, IEC 61508

elektronisch electronic

E/E/PES Elektrisches/elektronisches/programmier- Electrical/Electronical/programmable IEC 61511

bares elektronisches System electronic system

EDM Schützkontrolle, Rückführkreis External Device Monitoring

EDS Elektronisches Datenblatt Electronic Data Sheet


F, F1, F2 Häufigkeit und/oder Dauer der Gefähr- Frequency and/or time of exposure to DIN EN ISO 13849-1

dungsexposition the hazard

FB Funktionsblock Function block DIN EN ISO 13849-1

FMEA Ausfallarten und Effekt-Analyse Failure modes and effects analysis EN 1050, DIN EN ISO 13849-1

FO Funktionsorientierte Antriebe Function-oriented drives Festo

FR Filterregler Filter-regulator unit Festo

FTA Fehlerbaumanalyse/Fehlerzustandsbaum- Fault Tree Analysis EN 1050

analyse

Gefährdung Potenzielle Quellen von Verletzungen oder Potential source of injury or damage to Maschinenrichtlinie

Gesundheitsschäden health 2006/42/EG, EN 1050 (ISO

Gefährdungs- Jeder Bereich in einer Maschine und/oder Any zone within and/or around EN ISO 12100-1,

bereich um eine Maschine herum, in dem eine Per- machinery in which a person is subject DIN EN 1050

son einer Gefährdung ausgesetzt sein kann to a risk to his health or safety

H & RA Gefährdungs- und Risikobeurteilung Hazard and risk assessment IEC 61511

H/W Hardware Hardware IEC 61511

HFT Hardware-Fehlertoleranz Hardware fault tolerance IEC 61511

HMI Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle Human machine interface IEC 61511

HRA Analyse menschlicher Zuverlässigkeit Human reliability analysis IEC 61511

I, I1, I2 Eingabegerät, z.B. Sensor Input device, e.g. sensor DIN EN ISO 13849-1

i, j Index für Zählung Index for counting DIN EN ISO 13849-1

I/O Eingänge/Ausgänge Inputs/Outputs DIN EN ISO 13849-1

iab, ibc Verbindungsmittel Interconnecting means DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Inhärente Schutzmaßnahme, die entweder Gefähr- Inherently safe design measure EN ISO 12100-1

sichere dungen beseitigt oder die mit den Gefähr-

Konstruktion dungen verbundenen Risiken vermindert,

indem ohne Anwendung von trennenden

oder nicht trennenden Schutzeinrichtungen

die Konstruktions-Betriebseigenschaften

der Maschine verändert werden

KL Kolbenstangenloser Zylinder Rodless cylinders Festo

Konformitäts- Verfahren, bei dem der Hersteller oder sein Declaration of conformity Maschinenrichtlinie

erklärung in der Gemeinschaft niedergelassener 2006/42/EG

Bevollmächtigter erklärt, dass die in den

Verkehr gebrachten Maschine allen ein-

schlägigen grundlegenden Sicherheits- und

Gesundheitsanforderungen entspricht

KS Kolbenstangenzylinder Cylinders with position rod Festo

L, L1, L2 Logik Logic DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Lambda Ausfallrate bei ungefährlichen und Gefahr Rate to failure IEC 62061

bringenden Fehlern

MTBF Mittlere Ausfallzeit eines Gerätes Mean time between failure DIN EN ISO 13849-1

MTTF/MTTFd Zeit bis zu einem Ausfall bzw. gefährlichen Mean time to failure/ DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Ausfall Mean time to dangeous failure

MTTR Mittlere Reparaturzeit eines Gerätes Mean time to repair DIN EN ISO 13849-1

NMT Service-Dienste des CAN-Application Layers Network Management

Nniedrig Anzahl von SRP/CS mit PLniedrig in einer Number of SRP/CS with PLlow in a DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Kombination von SRP/CS combination of SRP/CS

NOT-AUS Ausschalten im Notfall Emergency switching off EN 418 (ISO 13850) EN 60204-1

Anhang D

NOT-HALT Stillsetzen im Notfall Emergency stop ISO 13850 EN 60204-1

Anhang D

NP Nicht programmierbares System Non-programmable system EN 61511-1:2004

Legal notice

The examples specified here are intended purely as suggestions that must be checked for suitability in

the context of each separate application, paying attention to the applicable standards. This might involve

applying standards DIN EN ISO 13849-1 and 2, for example.

Depending on the application, the examples specified may only partially satisfy the actual requirements

(for all safety functions), and must therefore be adjusted using suitable measures and modifications.

To do this, it is necessary to examine the entire system (entire control loop system), which might consist

of multiple technologies (e.g. pneumatics, hydraulics, electrical engineering, mechanics ...) and therefore

multiple applicable standards.

The sample circuits given here are not suitable as a complete validation report in the legal sense due to

the lack of any reference to an actual system (real application).

8382


O, O1, O2, OTE Ausgabegerät, z.B. Antriebselement Output device, e.g. actuator DIN EN ISO 13849-1

OE Öler Lubricator Festo

OSHA

OSI Referenzmodell zur Datenkommunikation, Open System Interconnection

Darstellung als Schichtenmodell mit ver-

teilten Aufgaben für jede Schicht

OSSD Ausgangsschaltelement, Output Signal Switching Device EN 61496-1

Sicherheits-Schaltausgang

P, P1, P2 Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung der Gefährdung Possibility of avoiding the hazard DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Pdf Wahrscheinlichkeit gefahrbringender Probability of dangerous failure IEC 61508, IEC 62061

Ausfälle

PE Programmierbare Elektronik Programmable electronics EN 61511-1:2004

PES Programmierbares elektronisches System Programmale electronic system EN 61511-1:2004, DIN EN

PFD Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit bei Auslösen/ Probability of failure on demad IEC 61508, IEC 62061

Anfrage der Sicherheitsfunktion

PFH Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit pro Stunde Probability of failure per hour IEC 62061

PFHd Wahrscheinlichkeit gefahrbringender Probability of dangerous failure per hour IEC 62061

Ausfälle pro Stunde

PHA Vorläufige Untersuchung von Gefährdungen Preliminary hazard analysis EN 1050 01/97 Anhang B.2

PL/Perfor- Diskreter Level, der die Fähigkeit von Discrete level used to specify the ability DIN EN ISO 13849-1

mance Level sicherheitsbezogenen Teilen einer Steue- of safety-related parts of control systems

rung spezifiert, eine Sicherheitsfunktion to perform a safety function under fore-

unter vorhersehbaren Bedingungen auszu- seeabl condtions

führen

PLr Angewandter Performance Level(PL), Performance level (PL) applied in order DIN EN ISO 13849-1

um die erforderliche Risikominderung für to achieve the required risk reduction

jede Sicherheitsfunktion zu erreichen for each safety function

PLC Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (SPS) Programmable logic contoller IEC 61511, DIN EN ISO 13849-1

PLniedrig Niedrigster Performance Level einer SRP/CS Lowest performance level of a SPR/CS DIN EN ISO 13849-1

in einer Kombination von SRP/CS in a combination with SPR/CS

PR Proportionalventile Proportional valves Festo

RE Regler Regulator Festo

Restrisiko Risiko, das nach Ausführung der Schutz- Risk remaining after safety measures EN 1050

maßnahme verbleibt have been taken

Risiko Kombination der Wahrscheinlichkeit Combination of the Probability EN ISO 12100-1

Risikoanalyse Kombination aus Festlegung der Grenzen Combination of the specification of the EN ISO 12100-1, DIN EN 1050

einer Maschine, Identifizierung einer limits of the machine, hazard identifi-

Gefährdung und Risikoeinschätzung cation and risk estimation

Risiko- Gesamtheit des Verfahrens, das eine Overall process comprising a risk EN ISO 12100-1, DIN EN 1050

beurteilung Risikoanalyse und Risikobewertung analysis and a risk evaluation

umfasst

Risiko- Auf der Risikoanalyse beruhende Beur- Judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, EN ISO 12100-1, DIN EN 1050

bewertung teilung, ob die Ziele zur Risikominderung of wheather the risk reduction objectives

erreicht wurden have been achieved

Risiko- Bestimmung des wahrscheinlichen Aus- Defining likely severity of harm and EN ISO 12100-1, DIN EN 1050

einschätzung maßes eines Schadens und der Wahr- probability of its occurrence

scheinlichkeit seines Eintritts

S, S1, S2 Schwere der Verletzung Severity of injury DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SA Schwenkantriebe Semi-rotary drives Festo

SAT Vor-Ort-Abnahme Site acceptance test IEC 61511

Schaden Physische Verletzung und/oder Schädigung Physical injuy or damage to health EN 1050, EN 61511-1:2004

von Gesundheit oder Sachen

Schutzmaß- Maßnahme zur Beseitigung einer Gefähr- Means that eliminates a hazard or EN 1050, EN ISO 12100-1,

nahme dung oder zur Minderung eines Risikos reduces a risk EN 61511-1:2004

SIF Sicherheitstechnische Funktion Safety instrumental function EN 61511-1:2004


SIL Sicherheits-Integritätslevel Safety integrity level IEC 61511, DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SIS Sicherheitstechnisches System Safety instrumented system EN 61511-1:2004

SP Sperrventile Shut-off valves Festo

SPE Sensitive Schutzeinrichtung mechanisch Sensitive Protection Equipment ISO 12100-1

behaftetes Betriebsmittel

SRASW Sicherheitsbezogene Anwendungssoftware Safety-Related Application Software DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SRECS Sicherheitsbezogenes elektrisches Safety-Related Electrical Control System IEC 62061

Steuerungssystem

SRESW Sicherheitsbezogene Embedded-Software Safety-Related Embedded Software DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SRP Sicherheitsbezogenes Teil Safety-Related Part DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SRP/CS Sicherheitsbezogenes Teil von Steuerungen Safety-Related Part of Control Systems DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SRS Spezifikation der Sicherheitsanforderungen Safety Requirements Specification IEC 61511

ST Stromventile Flow control valves Festo

SW1A, SW1B, Positionsschalter Position switces DIN EN ISO 13849-1

SW2

SYNC Objekt zur Synchronisierung von Synchronisation objects

Teilnehmern im Netzwerk

TE Testeinrichtung Test equipment DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Techn. Schutz- Schutzmaßnahmen, bei denen Schutzein- Protective measure using safeguards to EN 1050, EN ISO 12100-1

maßnahmen richtungen zur Anwendung kommen, um protect persons from the hazard which

Personen vor Gefährdungen zu schützen, cannot reasonably be eliminated or from

die durch inhärent sichere Konstruktion the risks which cannot be sufficiently

nicht in angemessener Weise beseitigt reduced by inherently safe design

werden können, oder vor Risiken zu measures

schützen, die dadurch nicht ausreichend

vermindert werden können

TM Gebrauchsdauer Mission time DIN EN ISO 13849-1

TR Trockner Air dryers Festo

WE Wartungseinheiten Service units Festo

WV Wegeventile Directional control valves Festo

ZS Zylinderschalter Proximity sensors Festo

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Festo worldwide

ArgentinaFesto S.A.Edison 2392(B1640 HRV) MartinezProv. Buenos AiresTel. ++54 (0)11/47 17 82 00, Fax 47 17 82 82 E-mail: [email protected]

AustraliaFesto Pty. Ltd.Head Office (Melbourne)179-187 Browns Road, P.O. Box 261Noble Park Vic. 3174Call Toll Free 1300 88 96 96Fax Toll Free 1300 88 95 95Tel. ++ 61(0)3/97 95 95 55, Fax 97 95 97 87 E-mail: [email protected]

AustriaFesto Gesellschaft m.b.H.Linzer Straße 2271140 WienTel. ++43 (0)1/9 10 75-0, Fax 9 10 75-250 E-mail: [email protected]

BelarusIP FestoMinsk, 220035Mascherov Prospekt, 78BelarusTel. ++375 (0)17/204 85 58, Fax 204 85 59 E-mail: [email protected]

BelgiumFesto Belgium sa/nvRue Colonel Bourg 1011030 Bruxelles/BrusselTel. ++32 (0)2/702 32 11, Fax 702 32 09 E-mail: [email protected]

BrazilFesto Automação Ltda.Rua Guiseppe Crespi, 76KM 12,5 - Via Anchieta04183-080 São Paulo SP-BrazílTel. ++55 (0)11/50 13 16 00, Fax 50 13 18 68 E-mail: [email protected]

BulgariaFesto EOOD1592 Sofia9, Christophor Kolumb Blvd.Tel. ++359 (0)2/960 07 12, Fax 960 07 13 E-mail: [email protected]

CanadaFesto Inc.5300 Explorer DriveMississauga, Ontario L4W 5G4Tel. ++1 (0)905/624 90 00, Fax 624 90 01 E-mail: [email protected]

ChileFesto S.A.Mapocho 19016500151 Santiago de ChileTel. ++56 (0)2/690 28 00, Fax 695 75 90 E-mail: [email protected]

ChinaFesto (China) Ltd.1156 Yunqiao RoadJinqiao Export Processing Zone, Pudong,201206 Shanghai, PRCTel. ++86 (0)21/58 54 90 01, Fax 58 54 03 00 E-mail: [email protected]

ColombiaFesto Ltda.Avenida El Dorado No. 98-43BogotáTel. ++57 (0)1/404 80 88, Fax 404 81 01 E-mail: [email protected]

CroatiaFesto d.o.o.Nova Cesta 18110000 ZagrebTel. ++385 (0)1/619 19 69, Fax 619 18 18 E-mail: [email protected]

Czech RepublicFesto, s.r.o.Modranská 543/76147 00 Praha 4Tel. ++420 261 09 96 11, Fax 241 77 33 84 E-mail: [email protected]

DenmarkFesto A/SIslevdalvej 1802610 RødovreTel. ++45 70 21 10 90, Fax ++45 44 88 81 10 E-mail: [email protected]

EstoniaFesto OY AB Eesti FiliaalLaki 11B12915 TallinnTel. ++372 666 15 60, Fax ++372 666 15 61 E-mail: [email protected]

FinlandFesto OYMäkituvantie 9, P.O. Box 8601511 VantaaTel. ++358 (09)/87 06 51, Fax 87 06 52 00 E-mail: [email protected]

FranceFesto EurlNuméro Indigo Tel. 0820/204640, Fax 204641ZA des Maisons Rouges8 rue du Clos Sainte Catherine94367 Bry-sur-Marne cedexTel. ++33 (0)1/48 82 64 00, Fax 48 82 64 01 E-mail: [email protected]

GermanyFesto AG & Co. KGPostfach73726 EsslingenRuiter Straße 8273734 EsslingenTel. ++49 (0)711/34 70, Fax 347 21 44E-mail: [email protected]

GreeceFesto Ltd.40 Hamosternas Ave.11853 AthensTel. ++30 210/341 29 00, Fax 341 29 05 E-mail: [email protected]

Hong KongFesto Ltd.6/F New Timely Factory Building,497 Castle Peak Road,Kowloon, Hong KongTel. ++ 852/27 43 83 79, Fax 27 86 21 73 E-mail: [email protected]

HungaryFesto Kft.Csillaghegyi út 32-34.1037 BudapestTel. ++36 1/436 51 11, Fax 436 51 01E-mail: [email protected]

IndiaFesto Controls Private Ltd.237B,Bommasandra Industrial Area,Bangalore Hosur Highway,Bangalore 560 099Tel. ++91 (0)80/22 89 41 00, Fax 783 20 58 E-mail: [email protected]

IndonesiaPT. FestoJL. Sultan Iskandar Muda No.68Arteri Pondok IndahJakarta 12240Tel. ++62 (0)21/27 50 79 00, Fax 27 50 79 98 E-mail: [email protected]

IranFesto Pneumatic S.K.# 2, 6th street, 16th avenue,Tehran 1581975411Km 8, Special Karaj Road, P.O.Box 15815-1485Tehran 1389793761Tel. ++98 (0)21 44 52 24 09, Fax ++98 (0)21 44 52 24 08E-mail: [email protected]

IrelandFesto LimitedUnit 5 Sandyford ParkSandyford Industrial EstateDublin 18Tel. ++ 353(0)1/295 49 55, Fax 295 56 80 E-mail: [email protected]

IsraelFesto Pneumatic Israel Ltd.P.O. Box 1076, Ha'atzma'ut Road 48Yehud 56100Tel. ++972 (0)3/632 22 66, Fax 632 22 77 E-mail: [email protected]

ItalyFesto S.p.AVia Enrico Fermi 36/3820090 Assago (MI)Tel. ++39 02/45 78 81, Fax 488 06 20 E-mail: [email protected]

JapanFesto K.K.1-26-10 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-kuYokohama 224-0025Tel. ++81 (0)45/593 56 10, Fax 593 56 78 E-mail: [email protected]

Korea SouthFesto Korea Co., Ltd.470-1 Gasan-dong, Geumcheon-guSeoul #153-803Tel. ++82 (0)2/850 71 14, Fax 864 70 40 E-mail: [email protected]

LatviaFesto SIADeglava 601035 RigaTel. ++371 67/57 78 64, Fax 57 79 46 E-mail: [email protected]

LithuaniaFesto UABKaraliaus Mindago pr. 223000 KaunasTel. ++370 (8)7/32 13 14, Fax 32 13 15 E-mail: [email protected]

MalaysiaFesto Sdn.Berhad10 Persiaran IndustriBandar Sri Damansara, Wilayah Persekutuan52200 Kuala LumpurTel. ++60 (0)3/62 86 80 00, Fax 62 75 64 11 E-mail: [email protected]

MexicoFesto Pneumatic, S.A.Av. Ceylán 3Col. Tequesquinahuac54020 Tlalnepantla, Edo. de MéxicoTel. ++52 (01)55/53 21 66 00, Fax 53 21 66 55 E-mail: [email protected]

NetherlandsFesto B.V.Schieweg 622627 AN DelftTel. ++31 (0)15/251 88 99, Fax 261 10 20 E-mail: [email protected]

New ZealandFesto LimitedMT. WellingtonAuckland NZTel. ++64 (0)9/574 10 94, Fax 574 10 99 E-mail: [email protected]

NigeriaFesto Automation Ltd.Motorways Centre, First Floor, Block CAlausa, Ikeja,Lagos, NIGERIATel. ++234 (0)1/794 78 20, Fax 555 78 94 E-mail: [email protected]

NorwayFesto ASOle Deviks vei 20666 Oslo, NorwayTel. ++47 22 72 89 50, Fax ++47 22 72 89 51 E-mail: [email protected]

PeruFesto S.R.L.Calle Amador Merino Reyna #480, San IsidroLima, PerúTel. ++51 (0)1/222 15 84, Fax 222 15 95

PhilippinesFesto Inc.KM 18, West Service RoadSouth Superhighway1700 Paranaque City, Metro ManilaTel. ++63 (0)2/776 68 88, Fax 823 42 19 E-mail: [email protected]

PolandFesto Sp. z o.o.Janki k/Warszawy, ul. Mszczonowska 705090 RaszynTel. ++48 (0)22/711 41 00, Fax 711 41 02 E-mail: [email protected]

RomaniaFesto S.R.L.St. Constantin 17010217 BucurestiTel. ++40 (0)21/310 29 83, Fax 310 24 09 E-mail: [email protected]

RussiaFesto-RF OOOMichurinskiy prosp., 49119607 MoskowTel. ++7 495/737 34 00, Fax 737 34 01 E-mail: [email protected]

SingaporeFesto Pte. Ltd.6 Kian Teck WaySingapore 628754Tel. ++65/62 64 01 52, Fax 62 61 10 26 E-mail: [email protected]

SlovakiaFesto spol. s r.o.Gavlovicová ul. 183103 Bratislava 3Tel. ++421 (0)2/49 10 49 10, Fax 49 10 49 11 E-mail: [email protected]

SloveniaFesto d.o.o. LjubljanaIC Trzin, Blatnica 81236 TrzinTel. ++386 (0)1/530 21 00, Fax 530 21 25 E-mail: [email protected]

South AfricaFesto (Pty) Ltd.22-26 Electron Avenue, P.O. Box 255Isando 1600Tel. ++27 (0)11/971 55 00, Fax 974 21 57 E-mail: [email protected]

SpainFesto Pneumatic, S.A.Tel. 901243660 Fax 902243660Avenida Granvia, 159Distrito económico Granvia L'HES-08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, BarcelonaTel. ++ 3493/261 64 00, Fax 261 64 20 E-mail: [email protected]

SwedenFesto ABStillmansgatan 1, P.O. Box 2103820021 MalmöTel. ++46 (0)40/38 38 40, Fax 38 38 10 E-mail: [email protected]

SwitzerlandFesto AGMoosmattstrasse 248953 Dietikon ZHTel. ++41 (0)44/744 55 44, Fax 744 55 00 E-mail: [email protected]

TaiwanFesto Co., Ltd.Head Office24450, No. 9, Kung 8th RoadLinkou 2nd Industrial ZoneLinkou Hsiang, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, R.O.C.Tel. ++886 (0)2 26 01 92 81, Fax ++886 (0)2 26 01 92 86-7 E-mail: [email protected]

ThailandFesto Ltd.67/1 Moo 6 Phaholyothin RoadKlong 1, Klong Luang,Pathumthani 12120Tel. ++66 29 01 88 00, Fax ++66 29 01 88 33 E-mail: [email protected]

TurkeyFesto San. ve Tic. A.S.Tuzla Mermerciler OrganizeSanayi Bölgesi, 6/18 TR34956 Tuzla - Istanbul/TRTel. ++90 (0)216/585 00 85, Fax 585 00 50 E-mail: [email protected]

UkraineFesto UkrainaBorisoglebskaja 11Kiev 04070Tel. ++380 (0)44/239 24 33, Fax 463 70 96 E-mail: [email protected]

United KingdomFesto LimitedApplied Automation Centre, Caswell RoadBrackmills Trading EstateNorthampton NN4 7PYTel. ++44 (0)1604/66 70 00, Fax 66 70 01 E-mail: [email protected]

United StatesFesto Corporation (New York)Call Toll-free 800/993 3786Fax Toll-free 800/963 3786395 Moreland Road, P.O.Box 18023Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788Tel. ++ 1(0)314/770 01 12, Fax 770 16 84 E-mail: [email protected]

VenezuelaFesto C.A.Av. 23, Esquina calle 71, No. 22-62Maracaibo, Edo. ZuliaTel. ++58 (0)261/759 09 44, Fax 759 04 55 E-mail: [email protected]

Viet NamFesto Co., Ltd (Cong Ty Tnhh Festo)No. 206 Tran Nao StreetWard Binh An , District 2Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamTel. ++84 (0)8/740 69 09, Fax 740 69 10

Documents

Festo Safety Engineering