Fertilizer Intro

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It It isis thethe chemistchemist whowho mustmust comecome toto thethe rescuerescue of of thethethreatenedthreatened communitiescommunities. . ItIt isis throughthrough thethe laboratorylaboratory thatthatstarvationstarvation maymay ultimatelyultimately bebe turnedturned intointo plentyplenty. . BeforeBefore weweareare inin thethe gripgrip of of actualactual dearthdearth thethe chemistchemist willwill stepstep inin andandpostponepostpone thethe daysdays of of faminefamine toto soso distantdistant a a periodperiod thatthat we,we,

solicitudesolicitude forfor thethe futurefuture. .

SIRSIR WILLIAMWILLIAM CROOKCROOK ((18981898) )

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Fertilizer Effects on Human Beings

Fertilizer Production, Demand, and

TOPICS

upp y n ang a es an or w e

Pollution and its Control from UreaComplex

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H3PO 4

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There is no life without plant, there is no plant

without nutrients

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Continuous croppingwithout replacement of nutrients leads todecreasing soil fertility,increasing erosion and


ec n ng y e s.

Production without plantnutrition is mining the soil

Fertilizer applicationincreases yield by 3-4 times

withoutfertilizer

withfertilizer

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Fertilizers increase yield substantially and enable food productionwithout depleting valuable soil nutrients

Trials conducted without replacing nutrients show that theproductivity of the land is dramatically reduced. This not onlyleads to low farmer income and food shortages, but also


contributes to erosion and destruction of agricultural land.

Effects of soil mining are reduced soil fertility poor yield soil compaction reduced humus content increased erosion

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Plants supply energy to mankind. The energy

Applying nitrogen mineral fertilizer produces

energy and fixes CO 2


benefit is 7 times higher than the cost of fertilizer.

CO 2 is removed from the atmosphere by plants

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Energy consumption in Agriculture

Production of mineral fertilizersTransportation of raw materialsSupply of fertilizer


Ploughing of land

Energy production by Agriculture

Agriculture converts solar energy into biomass,which in turn provides energy for human beingsand animals in the form of food and feed

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Fertilizers greatly increase the positive energy balance of agriculture


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Biomass as a direct energy source:

Recycling crop wastes can have an added benefit since part of the biomass produced can be used as a directenergy source in the form of biofuels :Unlike oil, straw is neutral in terms of greenhouse gas


e ec : e2

re ease w en us ng s raw as a o ue sequal to the CO 2 captured to produce the same straw.

The potential impact is significant. Assuming that 50% of

the straw produced on all (16.8 million) hectares of wheatin West Europe is used as a biofuel, Europe will save 3.5% of its total CO 2 emission.

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Energy input and output in Agriculture


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Worldwide Consumption

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Ammonia-Urea Production Capacity inBangladesh

Plant capacity,t/yrNGFFNGFF UFFLUFFL ZFCLZFCL PUFFPUFF CUFLCUFL JFCLJFCL KAFCOKAFCO

Urea 106,000 469,260 528,000 95,000 561,000 561,000 575,425

Ammonia 66,000 272,250 307,000 56,160 330,000 355,740 499,500

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Projected value of consumption in 2010

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Projected value of consumption in 2010

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Price of fertilizer, Tk/50 kg

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Two Types1. Air 2. Water

Pollutants

Pollution and its Control:

Ammonia- Urea Complex

Ammonia Urea -Carbamate solution Urea dust Formaldehyde

Catalyst dust Carbon monoxide Benfield solution

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Measures to control Pollution

Process control to minimize ollution

Pollution and its Control:Ammonia- Urea Complex

Treatment of the liquid effluents Treatment of the gaseous effluents and dusts

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Documents

Fertilizer Intro