Ferns in Maine

7/31/2019 Ferns in Maine

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Ophioglossales

Ophioglossum

Adder's tongues. There is a single listed species for Maine.

Ophioglossum pusillum, northern adder's tongue.


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Botrychium

Moonworts. There are 10 species listed for Maine.

Botrychium lunaria, common moonwort. The sterile leaves are fern-like.


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Equisetales

Equisetum

Horsetails. There are 11 species of horse-tails in Maine.

Equisetum palustre


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Osmundales

Osmunda

Royal Fern. There are three species listed for Maine. They are sometimes called flowering ferns

as the fertile leaves are quite different from the sterile and appear as flowers.

Osmunda regalis Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana

(interrupted fern)


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Salviniales

Marsileaceae Marsilea

Marsilea quadrifolia, four leaf clover fern.


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Salviniaceae - Azolla

Azolla caroliniana


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Pteridales

Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteris. There are 14 species. The most known isD. filix-mas, called the male fern.

The fronds have an upright habit. The pinnae are longest in the middle. The sori grow in two rows.


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Polystichum. There are three species. The most known isP. acrostichoides, the christmas

fern.


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Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium. The dreaded bracken. Look for the three branches.

Dennstaedtia. There is one species,D. punctilobula, the hay-scented fern. It has an

upright habit and all of the fronds are usually in aligned towards the light.


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Woodsiaceae

Athyrium. The one species present isA. filix-femina, the lady fern. It has a caespitose

habit.


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Cystopteris. Represented by three species. The most known is C. fragilis.


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Woodsia. There are four Woodsia species in Maine. The most known is W. alpina.


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Gymnocarpium. These go by the name oak-fern. They are 4-pinnate. There are two

species in Maine.


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Deparia. One species,D. acrostichoides, the silvery glade fern.


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Onocleaceae

Onoclea sensibilis. The sensitive fern. Monotypic. The fertile stems are very differentfrom the infertile stems

Infertile stem Fertile stem


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Matteuccia. Like, onoclea, monotypic. The sole species beingM. struthiopteris.


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Pteridaceae

Adiantum. A distinguishing characteristic is the dark, often black, stems and rachises.Two species,A. pedatum and A. aleuticum

A. pedatum A. aleuticum


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Cryptogramma. One species found in Maine, C. stelleri.


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Aspleniaceae

Asplenium. This is a huge genus with 100s of species. The variation also appears quitelarge. There are four species present in Maine.

Asplenium platyneuron A. rhizophyllum

A. trichomanes A. trichomanes-ramosum


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Thelypteridaceae

Phegopteris. There are two species in Maine,P. connectilis and P. hexagonoptera.

P. connectilis P. hexagonoptera


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Thelypteris. Here there are three species. Two don't seem too popular.

New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis) can be differentiated from Osmunda claytoniana because

the Thelypteris fronds taper towards the base whereas the Dennstaedtia has a triangular shape with the

base fronds being the largest.


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Polypodiaceae

Polypodium. There are two species,P. virginianum and P. appalachianum. WikipediasaysP. appalachianum fronds are widest near the bottom whereasP. virginianum are widest in the

middle.

P. virginianum P. appalachianum


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Blechnaceae

Woodwardia. Again two species, W. areolata and W. virginica. Below is W. areolata.

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Ferns in Maine