Fermentation of Liquid Biofertilizers

8/14/2019 Fermentation of Liquid Biofertilizers

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The Fermentation of Liquid Biofertilizer

Sittisak Uparivong1,*, Sirinda Yunchalard1, Thanya Chanprasopchai2,Soontorn Kingsungwal

3, Phamornpol Yothasarn

4, Piyamet thonglamun

1,

Samrouy Nangtharat1and Sirawan Jaimong

1

1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand2Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University 40002

3Landscape Design and Environment Section, Ground and Building Division, Office of President,

Khon Kaen University 400024Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University 40002

*Corresponding author. Tel.&Fax: +66-4336-2121; E-mail address: [email protected]

The fermentation of liquid biofertilizer was aimed to investigate on the potential of liquid

biofertilizer for recovery abandon soil land. This research was conducted in Khon Kaen

University, Thailand during the fiscal year 2003-2004. The available materials of various

residues such as vegetable and fruit residues; food residues from food service centre; some

herbal corps etc., were fermented with molasses and the eighteen species of zymogenic-

synthetic microorganisms (Liquid Biofertilizer KKU.1). Equipments of general composting

tank (GCT) of 20 gallon/each were experimented to compare with a 300-L liquid

biofermentor (LBF) and a 500-L microorganism liquid biofermentor (MLBF) of this

research project which were designed and constructed in pilot plant scale. Totalproductivity of liquid biofertilizers were 10,000-L/2-weeks by the bioprocesses with unless

chemicals added. Results shown that the biodegradation rate by microorganism in this

liquid biofermentor higher than the general composting tanks. Microorganism growth rate

in this biofermentor was 40.9-55.5% higher than the control fermentors at the retention

time of 2 weeks. For quality tests, the products were qualified as Biofertilizer under the

Standard Guideline on the Organic Fertilizer, Biofertilizer, and Natural Mineral Fertilizer

of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives B.E.2001. On the products determination,

liquid biofertilizer were carried out using water convolvulus, marigold, and rice as tested

crops by the concentration rate of liquid biofertilizer 1:2000 at local area. The results

shown that the highest yield of water convolvulus, marigold flowers and rice were 85-

105%, 46.9-88.3% and 70.6-83.8%, respectively higher than the control in the pot andfields tests. The production of extracted bioliquid was achieved to call the Liquid

Biofertilizer BIOTECH.1.

Keywords: Liquid Biofertilizer; Zymogenic-Synthetic Microorganisms; Liquid Biofertilizer

KKU.1; Liquid Biofermentor; Microorganism Liquid Biofermentor

IntroductionThe fermentation of liquid biofertilizer was investigated to produce liquid biofertilizer for

recovery abandon soil land and nature agricultural products (Chaitat, 1991) for leding

Thailand to be kitchen of the world. The liquid biofertilizer could be easily produced by

agriculturist themselves at each local area. Because the varieties processes of liquid


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biofertilizer were produced at each local area, and especially used the various species of

microorganism for the fermentation of liquid biofertilizer. Therefore, this research was

aimed to design and construction of a liquid biofermentor and a large scale microorganism

biofermentor by using the original microorganism of liquid biofertilizer kku.1 (Liquid

Biofertilizer KKU.1 of the research project of Product Improvement on Liquid Biofertilizerof the Theparugse Agricultural Community, KKU). (Sittisak et al., 2003). The quality test

and product determination including the retention time of product preservation were

determined by the standard laboratory methods. The original products of liquid biofertilizer

from the known-how of local thai populations were being biotechnology and to being

international accesses.

Material and Methods

Raw Materials

Available raw materials such as vegetable and fruit residues; food residues from food

service centre; some herbal crops etc., were provided from local area. Molasses was

supplied from sugar cane factory in khon kaen province, and using the three types of

microorganism as the original microorganism of liquid biofertilizer KKU.1,

microorganism in the product of liquid biofertilizer KKU.1, and soil development

microorganism SD.1.

EquipmentsThe several general composting tanks (GCT) of 20 gallon/each were used for fermentation

to compare with the designed and constructed biofermentors of this research as a liquid

biofermentor (LBF) of 300-L equipped with a stirrer motor of 1 hp, and a large scale

microorganism liquid biofermentor (MLBF) of 500-L equipped with a stirrer motor of hp and aeration system with an air compressor. Total capacities to produce liquid

biofertilizer were 10,000 L/2-week.

Methods

Experiments were determined on the five parameters as 1)Type of fermented materials;

2)Type of microorganism; 3)Retention time of fermentation; 4)Type of liquid

biofermentors; and 5)the retention time of products preservation. Therefore, the

experiments were unless chemical on nature biomass during fermentation processes.

Analysis Methods

The quality products of liquid biofertilizer were determined by the various parameters aspH, conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS) and temperature. The mayor nutrients

of crop as nitrogen; phosphorus; and potassium, including the minor nutrients as calcium;

magnesium; and sodium were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer and

uv/vis spectrometer. Microorganism populations were determined by the standard plate

count. The quality test and products evaluation were determined by cultivating the three

types of tested crops as water convolvulus, marigold and rice in the pots and fields test.

Also, the cells population and total reducing sugar were determined during 6-months of

products preservation.


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Results and Discussion

Fermentation Processes

Type of raw materials Results shown that the combination of the varieties of materials

could be fermented by the three types of microorganism and reducing the C/N ratio 10.03-55.10% during 2-weeks.

Type of microorganism To compare the growth rate of the three types of

microorganism, it obtained that the microorganism population of original liquid

biofertilizer KKU.1, product of liquid biofertilizer KKU.1, soil development

microorganism SD.1, and the control were 1.18 x 108, 2.38 x 108, 8.7 x 107, and 9.20 x 107

respectively during 2-weeks.

Retention time of fermentationResult shown that the optimal fermented time was 2-weeks

which obtained the maximum microorganism populations (fermented liquid C/N = 9.02-

11.97, fermented residues C/N = 21.04), and decreased microorganism populations after 2-

weeks.

Type of liquid biofermentorsThe performance of two types of liquid biofermentors,

the result shown that the efficiency of a liquid biofermentor of this research was 40.91-

55.47% higher than the general composting tanks.

Products preservation timeResults shown that the liquid biofertilizer products which were

contained in the 1-L plastic bottoms, the original cells population decreased from 7.55 x

109 to 6.3 x 106 (reducing sugar 25.49%) during 6-months of retention time, and cells

population could be increased more than 108 cells/cc. by adding new molasses for

unlimiting products preservation.

Properties of physical, chemical and biological of liquid biofertilizer

Results shown that the bioextract or liquid biofertilizer in a biofermentor obtained theproperties of EC=13.23 mS, pH=4.28, TDS=6.6 ppt, and temperature 33.8C. The mayor

nutrients were analyzed as the consists of N=0.24%; P=0.083%; and K=0.20%, and the

minor nutrients of Ca=1629 mg/L; Mg=570 mg/L; and Na=303 mg/L. The microorganism

populations obtained 2.85 x 109 cfu/mL during 2-weeks of fermentation. The C/N ratios

obtained 5.33 for liquid biofertilizer and C/N=25.95 for fermented residues.

Performance test of liquid biofertilizer productsBioextract products must been produced to become the liquid biofertilizer products before

containing into the bottoms. The performance estimation for the products of liquid

biofertilizer BIOTECH.1 were determined by cultivating the three types of crops as

water convolvulus, marigold, and rice in the pots and fields at the concentration of liquidbiofertilizer of 1:2000 and spraying every 5-7 day (sittisak et al., 2003; suriya, 2001).

Results shown that the highest yield of water convolvulus obtained 4.10 kg/m2, 10-23

flowers/tree (diameter of 30-85.9 mm.) for marigold and 0.580-0.625 kg/m2 (928-1,000

kg/rai) for rice after harvesting. Thus, the yield of water convolvulus, marigold flowers,

and rice were 85-105%, 46.85-88.29%, and 70.59-83.82% respectively higher than the

control test.


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Fig.1Liquid Biofermentor Fig.2Microorganism Liqiud Biofertilizer

Fig.3Liqiud Biofertilizer Products Biotech.1 Fig.4Field test Marigold

Conclusions

Raw materials for producing liquid biofertilizer

The various types of raw materials such as crops and animals, including available residues

from each local area could be produced liquid biofertilizer by combining the khown-how

of biotechnologiest in the local area.

Technology for producing liquid biofertilizer

The fermentation technology of biological processes should be supported to be the liquid

biofermentor technology for producing the highest quality and highest standard

performance on the right direction and on the way. Could be expressed that the standardmicroorganism populations were more than 10 power 8 cells/cc.

Application for the diversity of liquid biofertilizer productsThe products of liquid biofertilizer should be nearly qualitative chemical fertilizers and low

production costs including conveniently apply for general bioprocessing, and could be

applied information to the biodiversity of products .

Strategy expansion to distribute the liquid biofertilizer productsDepending on the government policy, which the objectives are in order to recovery

abandon soil land, and led to organic biological unless poison chemical, and led to kitchen

of the world and food safety, and led to good healthy care.


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AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by grants from Khon Kaen University, THAILAND.

ReferencesPairintra, C. and Phakdee, P. (1991) Zymogenic-Synthetic Soil and Crop Agricultural in the Next

New Century. ISBN 974-55-251-3, 111 p.

Sarsanarukkit, S. (2001) Bioextract. http://www.greenag.org/documents/100101.htm17/1/2546

Uparivong, S. (2001) Composting. Subject 662 851 Environmental Biotechnology. Department of

Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University. 36 p.

Uparivong, S., Prachankanchana, S. and Pairintra, C. (2001) Product Development on Liquid

Biofertilizer of the Theparuge Agricultural Community. Journal of Academic Service Centre

Khon Kaen University. 11 (3) : 37-41.

Uparivong, S. (2004) Biocomposting. Subject 662 851 Environmental Biotechnology. Department

of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University. 52 p.

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Fermentation of Liquid Biofertilizers