Fermentation

Aim:

To recall the chemistry of fermentation

To understand that ethanol can be used as a biofuel

Alcoholic drinks

alcohol

grapes

Made from grain flavoured with juniper berries

Cider made from apples

Beer made from barley

Vodka made from grain (rye or wheat)

Whiskey made from barley and malted barley or rye

Champagne made from 2 types of black grapes and a white grape.

Alcopops - vodka

Port made from grapes

Sherry from grapes

Brandy: made from grape wine served warm

Tequila – Mexican - from hearts of the blue agave plants

Sake – Japanese rice wine

Rum – molasses or sugar cane

Absinthe – from herbs including artemisia absinthium

Which drink do you think contains the

highest concentration of alcohol?

Record in your notebook

Alcohol content

Beer 5%

Table Wine 8 – 14%

Sparkling wine 8 – 12%

Fortified wine (port, sherry) 17 –22%

Spirits:

vodka, gin, whiskey, brandy 37.5 – 40%

tequila

Every year 1000 young adults aged under 15 are admitted to hospital each year with acute alcohol poisoning. Large amounts of alcohol drunk quickly on just ONE occasion can KILL.

Grapes and grains contain carbohydrates

Starch

or

Sugar

These ferment to give

ethanol and carbon dioxide

Fermentation

Lime water

Yeast + glucose + water at 37oC

Glucose ethanol + carbon dioxideyeast

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Copy into your notes

Fractional Distillation

Ethanol is extracted from an ethanol/water mixture by distillation.

The mixture is heated to boiling and the ethanol boils first at 78oC.

Draw the apparatus

Biofuels

The ethanol produced by fermenting plant material (biomass) may be used as a fuel.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/rams/costingtheearth.ram

Complete the sentence

‘Today I have learnt:

Discuss with the person next to you

Homework

Research the effect of alcohol on the body including reaction time

Display as a poster

(For Friday)