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Tarmo K. Remmel, Kent W. Todd, Jim ButtleGeography Department, Trent University
George Bruemmer, John Pineau, Paul CourvilleForestry Research Partnership
Kenneth W. DurstTembec Forest Resource Management
James Holland, Ron MaherDucks Unlimited Canada
Mark Ryans, Mark PartingtonFERIC
Murray WoodsOntario Ministry of Natural Resources
Andrew MutchmorConsulting Forester
May 10, 2006: Holiday Inn, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
FERIC Workshop
Lidar for Hydrologic MappingLidar for Hydrologic Mapping
Forest Hydrology PrimerForest Hydrology Primer
Precipitation
Throughfall
Interception
Stemflow
Infiltration
Factors Affecting FlowFactors Affecting Flow
CONFININGLAYER(less-conductivehorizon; bedrocksurface)
HOF
SOFSSSF
GWF
WATERTABLE
HOF: Horton overland flow GWF: Groundwater flowSSSF: Subsurface storm flow SOF: Saturation overland flow
Topography, subsurface conditions, disturbances, land cover changes
- ArcGIS, TauDEM, MICRODEM, TAS
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
1. Develop demo ground surface DEMs for the RMF
2. Examine Lidar as a tool to improve hydrological mapping
3. Test existing software for hydrological characterization
4. Test current wetland classification
5. Assess accuracy of Landsat land cover mapping
6. Evaluate Lidar for soil disturbance prediction
1. Develop demo ground surface DEMs for the RMF
2. Examine Lidar as a tool to improve hydrological mapping
3. Test existing software for hydrological characterization
- ArcGIS, TauDEM, MICRODEM, TAS
Romeo Malette ForestRomeo Malette Forest
Total Area: 628,958 ha
Entirely within the boreal forest region of Canada
West of Timmins
North of Gogama
East of Foleyet, and
South of Smooth Rock Falls
Pilot Study SitesPilot Study Sites
North Block (Orange)
Block 18 (Pink)
Provincial DEM Version 2.0.0Provincial DEM Version 2.0.0
INTERPOLATE DE-STRIPE
20m Res.
10m Res. Extent of OBM-DTMCoverage
Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging)Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging)
DEM Lidar Canopy
Spatial Resolution (e.g., Block 18)Spatial Resolution (e.g., Block 18)
Best Provincial DEM (20 m) Lidar DEM (2.5 m)
ProcessingProcessing
TIN IDW(2) Spline
Points
Filled Depressions
Slope/Aspect
Specific Catchment Area
Watersheds/Streams
Topographic Wetness Index
Depressions (are the pitsDepressions (are the pits……))
Need to enforce surficial hydrological connectivity
Depressions block down-slope flow
Find and fill depressions
Sink Filling ComparisonSink Filling Comparison
Legend
Sink Depth0
0.01 - 0.03
0.04 - 0.08
0.09 - 0.19
0.20 - 0.32
0.33 - 0.45
0.46 - 0.70
0.71 - 1.38
Legend
Sink Depth0
0.01 - 0.03
0.04 - 0.07
0.08 - 0.14
0.15 - 0.20
0.21 - 0.34
0.35 - 0.61
0.62 - 8.68
OBM-DEM Sinks• Only 7 sinks
• Maximum depth: 8.68 m
LIDAR-DEM Sinks• > 300,000 sinks
• Maximum depth: 1.38 m
Stream NetworkStream Network
Legend
Stream Order1
2
3
4
5
6
Legend
Stream Order1
2
3
4
5
OBM-DEM Streams• Very linear
• Reduced headwater streams
LIDAR-DEM Streams• Increased predictions
• increase to 6th Order Streams
WatershedsWatersheds
Watersheds ~1 ha ThresholdWatersheds ~1 ha Threshold
Legend
Watershed
Legend
Watershed
OBM-DEM Watersheds• Watersheds linear due to flat
terrain
LIDAR-DEM Watersheds• Smaller in size and natural
shape
Watersheds and StreamsWatersheds and Streams
Aspect with StreamsAspect with Streams
Stream Statistics (e.g., Block 18)Stream Statistics (e.g., Block 18)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Spline 33744 7615 1814 409 99 28 7 2IDW 34349 7655 1826 412 96 22 3 NATIN 34426 7785 1851 434 107 25 4 1Spline 0.0420 0.0670 0.1350 0.2980 0.6120 0.9090 2.7400 1.0750IDW 0.0430 0.0640 0.1300 0.2820 0.6430 1.1560 5.8330 NATIN 0.0420 0.0660 0.1350 0.2670 0.6460 1.0670 4.8150 1.2760Spline 0.0522 0.0336 0.0226 0.0165 0.0132 0.0078 0.0037 0.0019IDW 0.0537 0.0333 0.0239 0.0172 0.0126 0.0074 0.0040 NATIN 0.0525 0.0335 0.0230 0.0172 0.0118 0.0082 0.0036 0.0002Spline 0.0910 0.5250 2.4630 11.5150 48.8410 174.6070 704.0440 2466.6870IDW 0.0890 0.5190 2.4370 11.3940 50.3970 222.4030 1644.0850 NATIN 0.0900 0.5140 2.4140 10.8200 45.1840 195.6610 1232.6470 4932.8010
Number of Channels
Mean Channel Length (km)
Mean Slope (m/m)
Mean Basin Area (ha)
Strahler Stream Order
Computed for LIDAR-DEM
Consistent across all interpolation types
Mean basin size is most variable
OMNR Work PermitsOMNR Work Permits
“Most water crossings, including culverts, bridges, and causeways located on Crown land requires approval through a work permit. Water crossings which have been approved under the Crown Forest Sustainability Act are the exception.”
“A water crossing located on municipal or private land may also require a work permit issued under the Lakes and River Improvement Act (LRIA). Readers are advised to contact the local Ministry of Natural Resources office to determine if such a work permit is required.”
Skidder Trails and DepressionsSkidder Trails and Depressions
OBM-DEM Sinks• No sinks present due to
generalized topography
LIDAR-DEM Sinks• Sinks evident in locations
where skidders have not been active
Sinks avoided by skidder
Skidder Trails and StreamsSkidder Trails and Streams
OBM-DEM Streams• Very linear (flat topography)
• Agreement with Lidar-Streams
LIDAR-DEM Streams• Greater detail
• Insight to rutting
Hillshade TWI with StreamsHillshade TWI with Streams
Saturated land?
Wetland?
Thank You