Tarmo K. Remmel, Kent W. Todd, Jim ButtleGeography Department, Trent University

George Bruemmer, John Pineau, Paul CourvilleForestry Research Partnership

Kenneth W. DurstTembec Forest Resource Management

James Holland, Ron MaherDucks Unlimited Canada

Mark Ryans, Mark PartingtonFERIC

Murray WoodsOntario Ministry of Natural Resources

Andrew MutchmorConsulting Forester

May 10, 2006: Holiday Inn, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada

FERIC Workshop

Lidar for Hydrologic MappingLidar for Hydrologic Mapping

Forest Hydrology PrimerForest Hydrology Primer

Precipitation

Throughfall

Interception

Stemflow

Infiltration

Factors Affecting FlowFactors Affecting Flow

CONFININGLAYER(less-conductivehorizon; bedrocksurface)

HOF

SOFSSSF

GWF

WATERTABLE

HOF: Horton overland flow GWF: Groundwater flowSSSF: Subsurface storm flow SOF: Saturation overland flow

Topography, subsurface conditions, disturbances, land cover changes

- ArcGIS, TauDEM, MICRODEM, TAS

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

1. Develop demo ground surface DEMs for the RMF

2. Examine Lidar as a tool to improve hydrological mapping

3. Test existing software for hydrological characterization

4. Test current wetland classification

5. Assess accuracy of Landsat land cover mapping

6. Evaluate Lidar for soil disturbance prediction

1. Develop demo ground surface DEMs for the RMF

2. Examine Lidar as a tool to improve hydrological mapping

3. Test existing software for hydrological characterization

- ArcGIS, TauDEM, MICRODEM, TAS

Romeo Malette ForestRomeo Malette Forest

Total Area: 628,958 ha

Entirely within the boreal forest region of Canada

West of Timmins

North of Gogama

East of Foleyet, and

South of Smooth Rock Falls

Pilot Study SitesPilot Study Sites

North Block (Orange)

Block 18 (Pink)

Provincial DEM Version 2.0.0Provincial DEM Version 2.0.0

INTERPOLATE DE-STRIPE

20m Res.

10m Res. Extent of OBM-DTMCoverage

Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging)Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging)

DEM Lidar Canopy

Spatial Resolution (e.g., Block 18)Spatial Resolution (e.g., Block 18)

Best Provincial DEM (20 m) Lidar DEM (2.5 m)

ProcessingProcessing

TIN IDW(2) Spline

Points

Filled Depressions

Slope/Aspect

Specific Catchment Area

Watersheds/Streams

Topographic Wetness Index

Depressions (are the pitsDepressions (are the pits……))

Need to enforce surficial hydrological connectivity

Depressions block down-slope flow

Find and fill depressions

Sink Filling ComparisonSink Filling Comparison

Legend

Sink Depth0

0.01 - 0.03

0.04 - 0.08

0.09 - 0.19

0.20 - 0.32

0.33 - 0.45

0.46 - 0.70

0.71 - 1.38

Legend

Sink Depth0

0.01 - 0.03

0.04 - 0.07

0.08 - 0.14

0.15 - 0.20

0.21 - 0.34

0.35 - 0.61

0.62 - 8.68

OBM-DEM Sinks• Only 7 sinks

• Maximum depth: 8.68 m

LIDAR-DEM Sinks• > 300,000 sinks

• Maximum depth: 1.38 m

Stream NetworkStream Network

Legend

Stream Order1

2

3

4

5

6

Legend

Stream Order1

2

3

4

5

OBM-DEM Streams• Very linear

• Reduced headwater streams

LIDAR-DEM Streams• Increased predictions

• increase to 6th Order Streams

WatershedsWatersheds

Watersheds ~1 ha ThresholdWatersheds ~1 ha Threshold

Legend

Watershed

Legend

Watershed

OBM-DEM Watersheds• Watersheds linear due to flat

terrain

LIDAR-DEM Watersheds• Smaller in size and natural

shape

Watersheds and StreamsWatersheds and Streams

Aspect with StreamsAspect with Streams

Stream Statistics (e.g., Block 18)Stream Statistics (e.g., Block 18)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Spline 33744 7615 1814 409 99 28 7 2IDW 34349 7655 1826 412 96 22 3 NATIN 34426 7785 1851 434 107 25 4 1Spline 0.0420 0.0670 0.1350 0.2980 0.6120 0.9090 2.7400 1.0750IDW 0.0430 0.0640 0.1300 0.2820 0.6430 1.1560 5.8330 NATIN 0.0420 0.0660 0.1350 0.2670 0.6460 1.0670 4.8150 1.2760Spline 0.0522 0.0336 0.0226 0.0165 0.0132 0.0078 0.0037 0.0019IDW 0.0537 0.0333 0.0239 0.0172 0.0126 0.0074 0.0040 NATIN 0.0525 0.0335 0.0230 0.0172 0.0118 0.0082 0.0036 0.0002Spline 0.0910 0.5250 2.4630 11.5150 48.8410 174.6070 704.0440 2466.6870IDW 0.0890 0.5190 2.4370 11.3940 50.3970 222.4030 1644.0850 NATIN 0.0900 0.5140 2.4140 10.8200 45.1840 195.6610 1232.6470 4932.8010

Number of Channels

Mean Channel Length (km)

Mean Slope (m/m)

Mean Basin Area (ha)

Strahler Stream Order

Computed for LIDAR-DEM

Consistent across all interpolation types

Mean basin size is most variable

OMNR Work PermitsOMNR Work Permits

“Most water crossings, including culverts, bridges, and causeways located on Crown land requires approval through a work permit. Water crossings which have been approved under the Crown Forest Sustainability Act are the exception.”

“A water crossing located on municipal or private land may also require a work permit issued under the Lakes and River Improvement Act (LRIA). Readers are advised to contact the local Ministry of Natural Resources office to determine if such a work permit is required.”

Skidder Trails and DepressionsSkidder Trails and Depressions

OBM-DEM Sinks• No sinks present due to

generalized topography

LIDAR-DEM Sinks• Sinks evident in locations

where skidders have not been active

Sinks avoided by skidder

Skidder Trails and StreamsSkidder Trails and Streams

OBM-DEM Streams• Very linear (flat topography)

• Agreement with Lidar-Streams

LIDAR-DEM Streams• Greater detail

• Insight to rutting

Hillshade TWI with StreamsHillshade TWI with Streams

Saturated land?

Wetland?

Thank You