Femtocells Technology

Name : Moharir Saurabh BhanudasRoll No:127162Department : Electronics and

TelecommunicationClass: Third Year (First Shift)

Government Polytechnic, Nashik

Guided By: Mr.M.V.Patil sir

Contents•Introduction : Concept•Need for Femtocells•Features •Evolution of Femtocells•Overview and types •Architecture•Operation•Benefits and Challenges•Advantages & Disadvantages•Comparison with Wi-Fi•Applications•Future of Femtocells and Industrial activities•Conclusion• References

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Introduction :Concept• ‘Femto’ means 10 to the power of -15. Femto = 10^-15• Cell means area or region covered by the base station.

•Femtocells are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections”

• A femtocell is, basically, a miniature cell phone tower that anyone can use to boost their wireless signal in their home.

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Fig.FAP (Femto access point)

Need for Femtocells

•Macro cell cannot provide good signal strength for indoor coverage

•Higher data rate– Femtocells can enable higher capacity

•Reduce the power on the macrocells

Current Traf-fic Trend

Future Traffic Trend

Outdoor

Home

Work

2G3G 4G

As throughput demand and usage increases, cell size decreases

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Features of Femtocells

•Operates in the licensed spectrum•Uses fixed broadband connection for backhaul

•Principally intended for home and enterprise

•Lower cost of call rates•Smaller coverage•Smaller number of subscribers•Higher density•Connects users with cellular providers via broadband internet links instead of telephony network

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Evolution of Femtocells:• In 2002, the first femtocell was developed by Motorola at

Swindon, England.

• In 2004, Ubiquisys and 3 way networks were formed in U.K. to address femtocells.

• 2007 – Femtoforum was established.

• August 2008 – Commercial service was started in US by sprint.

• January 2009- Softbank Japan announced launch of 3G femtocells.

• June 2009- Vodafone UK launched their Access Gateway.

• February 2012- Femtoforum was renamed as Smallcellforum

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Overview

•How it actually looks ?

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Overview

•How it looks from behind ?

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Types of Femtocells

•Residential Femtocells•Enterprise Femtocells•Metro Femtocells

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Fig. Types of Femtocells.

Architecture of Femtocells

•What it consists of ?

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Fig. Block Diagram of Femtocell (FAP)

Architecture of Femtocells• Network architecture of Femtocells :• Femtocell Access Point (FAP) • Security Gateway (SeGW) • Femtocell Device Management System (FMS)

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Operation: operating modes

•Open Access:▫All users are allowed to connect to the FAP▫Hotspot type scenario: coffee shop or airport▫Femtocell becomes another part of the public mobile

network▫ Improves capacity, but increases handovers

•Closed Access:▫Only authorized users are allowed to connect to a

privately accessible Femto-AP▫Home or enterprise environments▫Emergency calls bypass access restrictions

•Hybrid Access:▫Nonsubscribers use only a limited amount of the

femtocell resources

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Operation: usage model• Easy plug and play setup by the user• Purchase and Registration• Plug in power and backhaul connectivity• Auto configuration of initial parameters

Uplink, downlink frequency, Cell ID, Location, Routing and service area codes, Initial pilot, maximum transmit power based on target range

• Location check• Ongoing self-optimization

How it actually works?

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Benefits of femtocells:For Operators:

• Low cost solution

• Improve reliability

• Increases both coverage and

capacity

• Reduce Macrocell backhaul

capacity requirements

• Works with all existing handsets

no need for expensive subsidizes

on dual-mode (3G + Wi-Fi)

• Increases 3G adoption

For Consumers:

• Reduced cost (Free calls at home!)

• No need for expensive new device.

• Superior indoor coverage and quality without change in phones.

• Simplicity: • One phone• One mode• One number.

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Challenges against femtocells:A)Interference:• 1) cross-layer : femto-macro interference Fig.(a) • 2) co-layer : femto-femto interference. Fig.(b)• Interference can be avoided by using some

exclusive rights offered for licensed spectrum.

B)Emergency calls:• Femtocell supports emergency calls but not

during power failure.

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Fig.(b)

Fig.(a)

C)Health: • Femtocells are low power devices thus transmits less radiation as compared to other access points. D) Security:• Femtocells can be made more secure by using IPSec standard.

Femtocell

Macrocell

FemtocellFemtocell

Advantages & Disadvantages:• Advantages:• Standalone or integrated

femtocells

• Low power but high quality

• Secure and self-managing

• Doesn't require special phones

• Emergency Services Support

• Fixed Mobile Convergence

• Disadvantages :• Expensive.

• Reduction in call quality/ internet browsing if huge files are being downloaded from the internet simultaneously.

• Not all cellular operators are on IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which might become the interface for Femtocells.

• Troubleshooting may become an issue in case of network failure.

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WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell)

Parameter WiFi FAP(Femtocell)Data Range Capabilities 11 and 54 Mbps 7.2 – 14.4 Mbps

Operating Frequency 2.4 and 5 GHz 1.9 – 2.6 GHzPower Output 100, 200 mW 10, 100 mWRange 100 – 200 m 20 -30 mServices Provided Voice & Data Voice & Data

Fig. General WiFi Femtocell specifications .

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WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell)

Wi-Fi FAP(Femtocell)

1)IT WORKS IN UNLICENCED SPECTRUM.

1)IT WORKS IN ONLY LICENCED SPECTRUM.

2)IT CONSUMES MORE POWER. 2)IT CONSUMES LESS POWER.

3)LOW LEVEL OF QUALITY OF SERVICE.

3)COMPARITIVELY,HIGH LEVEL OF QUALITY OF SERVICE.

4)CHEAP. 4)EXPENSIVE.

5)COMPARITIVELY LARGER COVERAGE AREA.

5)SMALLER COVERAGE AREA.

6)SUFFERS MORE WITH OBSTACLES AND DISTANCE.

6)SUFFERS LESS WITH OBSTACLES AND DISTANCE.

7)USES SIMPLE PROCESS FOR ACESSING TO INTERNET.

7)USES COMPLEX PROCESS TO ACCESS INTERNET.

8)MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA LOSS DURING LARGE FILE TRANSFER.

8)LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA LOSS DURING LARGE FILE TRANSFER.

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Plus Point (+)

Minus Point (-)

3-5RESULT:

Applications:• Free Calls (or at cheaper rates) at home !

• Useful in underground places like tunnels, subways, underground metro railway stations etc.

• Receive a SMS to indicate when someone enters or leaves the home.

• A virtual number to reach all the people currently in the home.

• Automatically downloads multimedia content from mobile home Server and from home Server to mobile

• Use the mobile phone to control other devices (TV, AC)

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• Home Security

• Video Door Bell

Future of Femtocells:• Operators view• By 2012, there will be 36 million shipments with an

installed base of 70 million femtocell serving 150 million users.

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Time

Industrial activities:

• Femto Forum (70 members)▫ Founded in 2007 to promote femtocell deployment▫ Members include mobile operators, telecom hardware,

software vendors, content providers, startups▫ Industrial partnerships with 3GPP, 3GPP2, GSM Associates.

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Conclusion:

•Femtocell technology is still nascent technology and it is in it’s infancy. Thus, it will take some time to develop femtocells and to make it popular. Femtocells are on a road to nowhere. Unsatisfactory coverage and the increasing number of high-data-rate application are two driving forces for femtocell development. Potential to provide high quality network access. Number of hardware evolutions will probably be needed before form factor, usability and quality of service are adequate.

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References:• Research Papers:[1] Monty Barlow, Dharmendra Lad, Dr. Tom Wright. “Femtocell Technology: Opportunities for

SDR” proceedings of Cambridge Consultant’s Journal, Cambridge, UK, August 2011, PP 22-27.

[2] Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J, Gatherer A; “Femtocell networks: a survey” proceedings of IEEE Communications Magazine, The University of Texas at Austin, Volume 46, 2008.PP 156-162.

[3] Seong-Hoon Moon, “Analysis of Femtocell: Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE Communications and Networks Magazine,Yonsei University, June 2011, PP 221-229.

[4] Ronny Yongho Kim, Jin Sam Kwak, Kamran Etemad,“ WiMAX Femtocell:Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Seoul, Korea, September 2009, PP 84-85.

• Weblinks :[5] http://www.smallcellforum.org/aboutsmallcells-applications-small-cell-applications[6] https://sites.google.com/site/eeg473femtocellproject/femtocell-and-health[7] http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/femtocell[8] http://www.thinksmallcell.com/Security/femtocell-security-capturing-phone-numbers-of-passers-

by.html[9] http://www.dialaphone.co.uk/blog/2008/03/04/a-beginners-guide-to-femtocell-technology/[10] http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2010/02/femtocell-vs-wi-fi-data-offloading-indoor-

coverage[11] http://www.airvana.com/products/management-systems/femtocell-service-manager/ [12] http://www.wilson-street.com/2010/10/femtocell-applications-need-a-common-interface/[13] http://www.ukessays.com/essays/computerscience/understanding-the-evolution-of-femtocell-

applications-computer-science-essay.php[14] http://www.visionmobile.com/blog/2007/12/do-we-really-need-femto-cells/[15]http://www.smallcellsworldsummit.com/page.cfm/Link=9/t=m/goSection=3_54

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Thank You!

Any Queries?