Felters Materia_Medica-M

8/2/2019 Felters Materia_Medica-M

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MACROTYS (Cim icifuga r a c e m os a ).

The rhizome and rootlets of Cim icifuga racem osa (Linn), Nuttall (Nat. Ord.

Ranunculaceae). A conspicuously handsome perennial widely found in r ich

woodlan ds of th e eas t ern h alf of th e Uni ted Sta tes . Dose, 1 to 20 grains .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Black S n ak eroot, Black Coh osh , Ratt leweed.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .No alkaloidal principles have been isolated from the

drug, but i t yields a mixture of resins upon which, according to some, the virtues

of the plant depend. An impure mixture of the resins is variously known as

cimicifugin, macrotin, or macrotyn, and was one of the early Eclectic resinoids.

Though not without value, the lat ter is now scarcely ever employed.

P r e p a r a t i o n .S pecific Med icine Macrotys . Dose, 1 / 10 drop to 20 drops .

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Heavy, tensive, aching pain (Scudder); paincharacter ized as rheumatic-dul l , tensive, intermit tent , drawing, and

seeming as i f dependent upon a cont rac ted s ta te of the muscular

f ibers; soreness of muscular t issues, as i f one had been pounded or

bruised; the so-called rheumatoid pain; st iff neck; aching of whole

body from colds, the onset of fevers, or from muscular exertion;

lumbago; bruised feeling of muscles of the forehead, with stiffness of

the ocular muscles; soreness and st i f fness of the throat with sense of

muscular drawing in the pharynx and fauces; muscular pa ins in the

loins, thigh, or back, of a drawing character; deepseated boring and

tensive pains; rheumatoid dyspepsia, associated with rheumatism of other par ts , and in those having a rheumatic diathesis who experience

dull , aching pain and tenderness in stomach and bowels, with

tend ency to metas tas is , an d aggravated by food a n d dr ink, th e stoma ch

feeling as if painfully contracting upon a hard body or lump; the

soreness and aching intest inal pains of abdominal gr ip, when of

rheumatoid type; sore, bruised sensat ion in the respiratory t ract ;

chronic muscular rheumatism; ovar ian pains of a dul l aching

cha racter ; draggin g pain s in th e wom b, with sen se of soreness ; the du ll

tensive pains incident to reproductive disorders of the female, as wellas the annoying pains accompanying pregnancy; false pains; af ter-

pains; weak, irregular uterine contractions during labor; irregular,scanty , or de layed menst ruat ion , wi th dul l pa in and muscular

soreness ; chorea , wi th absent io mensium; and rheumat ism of the

u t e r u s .

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Action .Upon man moderate doses of cimicifuga give slowly increased

power to the hear t and a r ise in ar ter ial pressure. Large doses impress

th e cerebru m decidedly, an d proba bly other pa r ts of th e nervou s s ystemnot yet definitely determinedoccasioning vertigo, impaired vision,

pupil lary di latat ion, nausea, and vomit ing of a mild character , and a

reduction in the rate and force of the circulation. A condition closelyresembling del i r ium tremens is said to have been produced by i t . Ful l

doses cause a severe f rontal headache, with a dul l , ful l or burst ing

feeling. This headache is the most characteristic effect observed when

giving even therapeutic doses. While large amounts may poison, no

deat h s h ave been k n own to occu r from i ts u se. Th e ph ysiological act ion

has been well determined upon animals, but i t gives no hint as to the

possible relationship of the drug to i ts practical therapy and clinical

worth , ad m itted a s valu ab le by pra ctit ion ers of all sch ools of m edicin e.

In small doses cimicifuga increases the appet i te and promotesdigest ion. Larger amounts augment the gastro- intest inal secret ions. I t

is excreted by both the skin and kidneys, impart ing to the ur ine the

peculiarly earthy odor of the drug. I t also stimulates the bronchial

secret ion, making i t a serviceable though not pronounced expectorant .

That i t ac ts upon the u ter ine , and poss ib ly o ther smooth muscular

fibers of the tubular organs or the nerves supplying them, is evident

from its known power of increasing and normalizing weak and erratic

contract ions dur ing labor . I t a lso st imulates the funct ion of

men st ru at ion a n d is sa id to in crease the venereal propens ity in m an .

T h e r a p y .Macrotys is primarily a remedy for rheumatoid and myalgic

pain and in disorders of the reproductive organs of women. I t

apparent ly possesses sedat ive, cardiac, anodyne and ant ispasmodic

properties, and is an ideal utero-ovarian tonic. Macrotys was

introduced into Eclectic medicine by King in 1844 as a remedy for

acute rheumat ism and neura lg ia wi th such success tha t i t g radual ly

came to be recognized as a leading medicine for these disorders. The

extensive list of indications given at the beginning shows sufficiently

its general scope of application. While many still regard it as one of thefirst of an t irh eu m atics, others, an d we are am ong the n u m ber , regard itas less fu l ly an ant i rheumat ic than as an anodyne for pa in s imula t ing

rheumatism, or the so-called rheumatoid pain. The original

indication as enunciated by Scudder is heavy, tensive, aching pain.

This is essentially different from the exquisitely sensitive and acute

pain of acute ar t icular rheumatism. I t is not to be understood that i t is



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of no value in this affection, but that i t is of greater worth as an

associate remedy. I t assists in rel ieving the pain, but rheumatism is ,

without doubt , an infect ious disorder and needs something moredirectly antagonistic to the infecting agent, and the salicylates prove

bet ter than any others for this purpose. As a matter of fact , the

indicat ions for both macrotys and sodium sal icylate are usual lypresent. As they do not interfere with each other, they may be

judiciously given together , and administered in this manner aid the

action of each other so that lesser doses of the salicylates are required.

Rx Sodium Salicylate, 2 drachms; Asepsin, 10 grains; Specific

Medicine Macrotys, 1-2 fluidrachms t; Fluidextract of Licorice, 2

fluidrachms; Water enough to make 4 fluidounces. Mix. Sig.: One

teasp oon fu l every two or three hou rs a s s eems to be dem an ded.

When pain persists in spite of this medication, and fever is active,

aconite, veratru m or gelsem iu m , pa r t icu lar ly th e first n am ed, produ cesa marked change in the act ivi ty of the disease. Fever subsides,

secret ion becomes reestabl ished, pain is markedly decreased, and

sleep, tha t h as been imposs ible, is p ermit ted. Th at i t protects th e hea r t

and strengthens i t dur ing rheumatic invasions seems establ ished. In

so-cal led rheumatism of the hear t and rheumatic endocardi t is i t may

be given with expectation of relief , and in diaphragmatic rheumatism,

pleurodynia, intercostal and other neuralgias i ts pain-relieving effects

are app aren t . Gas tralgia, en teralgia, m edias t in al pa in , tenes m ic vesical

discomfort , pain in the orbi ts and ears, when acute and rheumatoid incharacter, derive quick relief from macrotys. When diseases of the ear

are associated with rheumatism, macrotys aids in giving relief , as i t

does in neuralgia in the same area when accompanied by st i f fness of

the faucial and pharyngeal muscles. I t is the remedy in acute

muscular pain, such as occurs in the myalgias of the chi l ly seasons of

the year, in torticollis, and in the pains, tensive and contractive, due to

changes of weather and muscular exer t ion. Here macrotys is of ten the

only agent needed. If febrile reaction occurs, either aconite or

veratrum, as indicated, or possibly gelsemium, may be al ternated with

it .

According to Webster cimicifuga is a remedy for dyspeptic

manifestat ions when due to rheumatoid states of the gastro- intest inal

can al , or when as sociated with rh eu m atism of other pa r ts of th e body. It

should be remembered in those cases where there is a dul l or aching

pain and tendency to metastasis , made worse by taking food or dr ink,



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an d when the walls of the s toma ch s eem to be cont ra c t ing u pon a ha rd

lu mp , the pa t ien t h avin g a rh eum at ic tenden cy or h is tory.

In the acute infect ious and non-infect ious diseases i t is a most

important drug to rel ieve the muscular discomfort . Macrotys and

eupator ium in l iberal doses are the best remedies for the intensemuscular aching and bone-breaking pains exper ienced at the onset of

th e rh eu m at oid type of in flu en za, an d in oth er forms of la gripp e. In th e

respiratory forms they also relieve cough and bronchial soreness. The

ameliorat ion of pain is prompt and enduring, and unl ike aspir in and

the coal- tar products , the drug is absolutely without danger to the

hear t or nervous system. Should a sense of ful lness in the f rontal

region or a bursting headache be occasioned by full doses, i t quickly

su bs ides , with n o after-effects, u pon with dra wal of th e dru g.

For headache, whether congestive or from cold, neuralgia,dysm en orrh ea, or from la gripp e, ma crotys is often prom ptly cu ra tive. In

eye strain from over-use of the eyes, giving rise to headache, and

associated with a sensat ion of s t i f fness in the ocular muscles, or a

bruised feeling in the muscles of the frontal region, macrotys is one of

the most successful of remedies. As a palliative agent in phthisis

pu lm onalis , good resu lts are obtained, in th at it lessen s cou gh , sooth es

the pain, especial ly the aching under the scapulae, lessens

secretions and allays nervous irr i tabili ty. In the cerebral complications

of the simple and eruptive fevers, especially in children, its action isprompt and decisive. I t uniformly lessens the force and frequency of

the pulse, soothes pain, allays irr i tabili ty, and lessens the disposition

to cerebral irritation and congestion. In febrile diseases especially, it

induces diaphoresis and diuresis . In the exanthemata i t is a valuable

agent, controlling pain, especially, it is asserted, the terrible bone

aches of smallpox, rendering the disease much milder. In scarlatina

and measles i t rel ieves the headache and the backache preceding the

erupt ions .

Macrotys is a very important drug in the therapeutics of gynecology Itis a remedy for atony of the reproductive tract. In the painfulconditions incident to imperfect menstruation its remedial action is

most fully displayed. By its special affinity for the female productive

organ s, it restores su ppres sed m ens es. It is even a bet ter remedy in th at

var iety of amenorrhea termed absent io mensium. In dysmenorrhea i t

is surpassed by no other drug, being of greatest uti l i ty in irr i tative and



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congest ive condit ions of the uterus and appendages, character ized by

tensive, dragging pains, resembling the pains of rheumatism. If the

pat ient be despondent and chi l ly , combine macrotys with pulsat i l la ,especially in anemic subjects. In the opposite condition associate i t

with gelsemium. It is a good remedy for the reflex side-aches of the

unmarried woman; also for mastit is and mastodynia. Macrotys relievessoreness and tenderness of the womb when aggravated by walking or

jarr ing of the organ when descending steps; and through i ts tonic

power helps to reduce uter ine subinvolut ion. I t should be remembered

in so-cal led rheumatism of the uterus, and in uter ine leucorrhea, with

a flabby condition of the viscus. When there is a disordered action or

lack of functional power in the uterus, giving rise to sterility,

cimicifuga has been known to do good. Reflex mammary pains during

gestation are relieved by it , and in rheumatic subjects i t promptlyrelieves ovaralgia and ovarian neuralgia, the pain being of an aching

cha racter . For the lat ter cond it ion i t is on e of th e best r emedies kn own .

Orchialgia and aching sensat ions of the prostate are condit ions

sometimes relieved by macrotys, and as a tonic and nerve sedative i t is

not without good effects in spermatorrhea. I ts effects are less apparent

u pon th e m ale reprodu ct ive organ s, h owever , tha n th ose of th e fema le.

Macrotys has proved a bet ter agent in obstetr ical pract ice than ergot

except for the control of hemorrhage. I t produces natural intermittent

uter ine contract ions, whereas ergot produces constant contract ions,thereby endangering the l ife of the child, or threatening rupture of the

uterus. Where the pains are inefficient, feeble, or irregular, macrotys

will st imulate to normal action. For this purpose full doses should be

given in hot water; many still prefer a decoction of the root for this

purpose. Unfortunately i t is less employed than formerly since pituitr in

has come into use. I ts simulation of normal parturient efforts, however,

m ak es i t s t i ll th e idea l regulator of u ter in e contra ct ions du r in g lab or . It

is an excellent partus praeparator if given for several weeks before

confinement. I t is a diagnostic agent to differentiate between spurious

and true labor pains, the lat ter being increased, while the former aredissipated under i ts use. I t is the best and safest agent known for therelief of after-pains, and is effectual in allaying the general excitement

of th e n ervous system after lab or.

Macrotys has a powerful inf luence over the nervous system, and has

long been favorably known and accepted as the best single remedy for



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chorea. I t may be used alone or with valerian, equal parts. More

especially is i t useful when the incoordination is associated with

amenorrhea, or when the menstrual funct ion fai ls to act for the f i rstt im e. Its act ion is s low, bu t its effects a re perm an ent . It h as been u sed

successfu l ly as an ant i spasmodic in hyster ia , and as an a id to

treatment in epi lepsy when due to menstrual fai lures: and inspasmodic asthma and kindred affect ions, nervous exci tabi l i ty , and

pertussis . In the lat ter i t sometimes proves bet ter than any other drug,

and especially if the child is one subject to periodic choreic seizures.

As the hear t is never injured, but on the contrary is s t rengthened and

toned by macrotys, the drug is very valuable as an auxiliary to other

agents in n ervous affect ions , par t icular ly wh en th e lat ter d epend u pon,

or are a ss ociated with chorea.

The usual form of administration is: Rx Specific Medicine Macrotys,

10-30 drops; Water, enough to make 4 fluidounces. Mix. Sig.: Oneteasp oon fu l every two hou rs. In m ost insta n ces th e fu ller doses, s h or t of

producing headache, are the most effect ive, and the maximum amount

given in this prescription may be considerably increased (1-2

flu idra ch m s) for ad u lts .

MANGIFERA

The inner bark of the root and tree of Mangifera indica, Linn (Nat. Ord.

Anacardiaceae). A native East Indian fruit tree; naturalized in the West Indies.Dose, 5 to 60 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e : Mango.

P r in c i p a l Co n s t i t u e n t s .Tan n ic acid (17 per cen t) an d a n acrid oil.

P r e p a r a t i o n .Specific Medicine Mangifera . Dose, 5 to 60 drops.

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Feeble, relaxed tissues; mucous discharges;

chronic dysentery with muco-purulent discharges; red, congested or

in flam ed fau ces.

Ac t i on a n d Th e r a p y .External. Mangifera forms a soothing, astr ingentgargle for acute or chronic inflammation of the fauces, especially when

ful l , red and congested and intensely painful . I t may be used also to

alleviate inflammatory conditions of the mucosa of any part of the body

or upon excoriations of the skin. Especially is it effective in acute



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ph ar yngitis a n d th e follicu lar an d p h legm onou s forms of tons illit is. Too

much has been c la imed for i t in d iphther ia , though i t s use as an

ad ju van t is n ot in ap propriate , esp ecial ly if th ere is ei ther m u ch r edn essand pain, or relaxat ion of t issue. In acute rhini t is i t may be used as a

douche; and in acute inf lammation of the uter ine cervix i t has been

employed with advantage. For use upon the nose and throat about twodrachms of specific medicine mangifera may be added to two ounces of

water.

Internal. Owing probably to i ts tannic acid, and somewhat to other

in h eren t pr inciples, ma n gifera is a u sefu l dru g in r elaxa t ion of m u cous

t issues, associated with catarrh and diarrhea and feeble capi l lary

circulat ion. I t appears to be best adapted to entero-col i t is and watery

diarrh oea. Man y value it in pa ss ive hem orrha ges from th e nose, u teru s,s tomach, in tes t ines , and lungs; and some good therapeut i s t s have

declared it of value in hemophilia. One should not, however, expectmuch in the lat ter disorder f rom a drug whose hemostat ic proper t ies

are evidently mostly due to i ts tannin. Mangifera is one of the

pleasantest forms of administering the latter , which may be of a special

type, as there are many tannins. I t agrees well with the stomach and

seems to promote the appet i te and digest ion, and apparent ly is non-

constipating. When not contraindicated syrup is a fair ly good vehicle

for mangifera in throat affections.

MANNA.The concrete saccharine exudation of Frax inu s Ornu s , Linn (Nat. Ord. Oleaceae).

A t ree of sou th ern E u rope. Dose, 1 d rachm to 2 oun ces .

Co m m o n Na m e : Man na .

D e s c r i p t i o n .Irregular, flattened, longish pieces, of a yellowish-white exterior

and nearly white interior, somewhat porous and crystall ine-l ike, having a peculiar

odor, a taste sweet followed by feeble bitterness and acridity. It should not

contain more than four-tenths part of irregular, yellowish-white, resin-like

fragments .

P r in c i p a l Co n s t i t u e n t s .Man n ite (90 per cen t) with su gar (10 per cen t).

Ac t i on a n d Th e r a p y .Nutritive in small doses and mildly laxative in

larger amou n ts. In doses of one to three drach m s for in fan ts a n d one to

two ounces for adults i t makes a very pleasant laxative when



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administered in milk. I t is suitable for the constipation of pregnancy. I t

sometimes causes f latulency and griping. This may be obviated by

givin g with it a n y war m ar oma tic.

MARRUBIUM.

The leaves and tops ofMarrub ium vu lgare , Linn (Nat. Ord. Labiatae). Europe;

naturalized in America. Dose, 5 to 60 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Horehound , Hoarh ound .

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t .A bitter principle marrubiin (C30H43O6)

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. Specific Medicine Marrub ium . Dose, 1 to 60 drops.

2 . S y rup us Marrub ii Com pos itus , Compou nd Syru p of Hoarh oun d. Dose, 1 to 4

fluidrachms.

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Chronic irr i tation of the bronchial membrane

with cough an d ca tar rh .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .Hoarhound is a s t imulat ing expectorant and

tonic, and is adapted to both acute and chronic i r r i tat ion of the larynx

and bronchial t ract , and gives added power to respirat ion. In small

doses it is a gastric tonic of considerable value, but given too freely itwill act as an emetic an d ca th ar t ic . A h ot in fu sion is diaph oret ic; a cold

in fu sion , diu ret ic . Hoarh oun d, u su al ly in th e form of a syru p, is u sefu lin hoarseness, coughs, and colds that do not clear up rapidly, chronic

bronchial catarrh, and humid asthma. The specif ic medicine may be

used in atonic dyspepsia, especial ly when associated with bronchial

debili ty. The compound syrup is an agreeable and efficient expectorant

for chronic cough. Hoarhound candy is a popular remedy for irr i tation

of th e th roat with cou gh .

MATICO.

The leaves of Piperangustifolium , Ruiz et Pavon (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae). A Peruvian

s h r u b .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Matico, Mat ico Lea ves.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .A bitter principle, maticin , and an a romat ic

camphoraceous volati le oil .



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P r e p a r a t i o n .Tinctura Matico , Tin ctu re of Matico (2 1/ 2 ou n ces to Diluted

Alcoh ol, 16 fluidou n ces). Dose, 1 to 2 flu idrach ms .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .An aromatic, bit ter st imulant of reputed value

in catarrhal s tates, par t icular ly of the stomach and geni to-ur inal t ract .

It is seldom u sed.

MATRICARIA.

The dried flower-heads of MatricariaChamomilla , Linn (Nat. Ord. Compositae).

Was tes of Europe, Asia , a nd Au stra lia . Dose, 1 to 60 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s ; Germa n Cha mom ile , Wild Ch am omile .

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .A dark-blue, aromatic, volatile oil (Oleu m Cham omillae

Aethereum ) and possibly a crystallizable, bitter, anthemic acid, and a crystallinealkaloid a n th emidine .

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. Specific Medicine Matricaria . Dose, 1 to 60 drops .

2 . InfusumMatricaria , In fu sion of Matricaria (1/ 2 ou n ce to 16 fluidou n ces).

Dose, 1 to 4 drachm s.

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Nervous irritability, with fretfulness,

peevishness, impatience, and discontent ; morbid sensi t iveness to pain

and external impressions; sudden f i ts of temper when menstruat ing;

muscular twitching; fetid, greenish feculent alvine discharges, orwhen the stools are green and sl imy, or of mixed whit ish curds and

green mucus, associated with flatulence, colic, and excoriation of the

anal region; if a child, the head sweats easily and the discomforts of

teething, f latulent colic, etc. , are transient and intermitting, and the

n ervous n ess is relieved by bein g carr ied abou t in th e arm s.

T h e r a p y .According to dose and manner of use, matricaria is a

stimulant diaphoretic and nerve sedative. I ts calmative action is so

sat isfactory that even the skept ic in therapeut ics becomes a convert to

the fact that there is great therapeut ic energy in some simple agents

which, by usual tests, fail to show decided so-called physiological

action. Matricaria, simple and safe as i t is, is remedially potent. Could

it more generally have taken the place of soothing syrups, so largely

destructive to infant l ife, the history of baby mortali ty might have been

a less appalling story. No child need be laid in i ts grave because of i ts



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adminis t ra t ion .

Matricaria, better known to some as chamomilla, is pre-eminently achild's remedy, especially for the very young child. It has two well-

marked, specific f ields of action(1) on the nervous system, subduing

irritability; and (2) on the gastro-intestinal tract, allaying irritation. Itsinfluence is well seen upon the infant during the period of dentit ion.

In such conditions i t is adapted to the restless, peevish, irr i table,

discontented, and impatient infant , who is only appeased when carr ied

about in order to quiet i ts nervousness and unrest . The chi ld needs

both sympathy and matr icar ia , both sound measures in infant

therapeut ics. In such chi ldren i t may be equal ly a remedy for

const ipat ion or diarrhea. In the former case, there is usual ly hepat ic

tenderness. In the lat ter , the discharges may be var iouslycharacterized-watery and greenish, sl imy, green and slimy, or yellow

and white lumps of undigested curds, giving them the wellknownname of eggs and greens. Such stools usually excoriate the child

severely, and are accompanied by colicky pain of greater or less

severity. The urine is passed with difficulty, and there is more or less

bloat in g of th e ab domen . Flatu lence is often m ark ed, an d th e su rface is

alternately flushed and pale. Under such irr i table conditions i t proves

a useful remedy in infant i le dyspepsia, and when teething the chi ld

cr ies out in sleep and there is sometimes a tendency to convulsions.

This condition it may ward off by controlling the nervous excitation,

but i t is of l i t t le value after convulsions occur. Sometimes a gentlylaxat ive dose of sodium phosphate preceding or accompanying the

matricaria will enhance the efficacy of the latter . Matricaria is useful

for th e swellin g of th e brea st s in th e n ewborn (u su ally with ph ytolacca ),

and in the involuntary passage of ur ine in the young. For the f latulent

colic of early infancy it is one of the safest and most effectual

medicin es . For th is pu rpose it s hou ld n ot be sweetened.

Ma tricar ia is in valu a ble in som e affection s of n ervou s wom en , a field in

which it is too frequently neglected, perhaps not being considered a

powerful enough medicine. In woman or child i t is a nerve sedative,and adapted to i r r i tat ion and not to atony. In the lat ter months of pregnancy i t f requently al lays false pains, cough, nervous muscular

twi tching , and o ther unpleasant nervous phenomena. In amenorrhea

and dysmenorrhea, with weighty feel ing in the uterus and tympanites,

i t often relieves, as i t does in cases presenting sudden explosions of

irascibili ty, and in those having cramping or labor-like pains and

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meteorism. The hot infusion is par t icular ly useful in suppressed

menstruat ion from colds, and of ten controls earache and facial

neuralgia f rom the same cause. The matr icar ia pat ient is extremelyand morbidly suscept ible to pain, is hyperesthet ic , and the nervous

apprehension is all out of proportion to the actual pain suffered. This

remedy should be resor ted to when one is tempted to employ opiatesan d other m ore powerfu l pain r elievers.

MEL.

A saccharine substance deposited in the honey comb by the Apis m ellifera , Linn

or Honey Bee (Family Apidae).

Co m m o n Na m e : Honey.

D e s c r i p t i o n .A thick, viscous, syrupy, yellowish or yellow-brown fluid, clearwhen fresh, but losing i ts translucence with age and deposit ing crystals . I t has

an in ten sely sweet , feebly acr id tas te , an d a d is t inct ive odor .

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .Laevulose (fruit sugar), dextrose (grape sugar or

glucose), and sucrose (cane sugar) , with the f irst named predominating; also a

t race of formic acid.

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. Mel Depuratu m , Clar ified Hon ey.

2 . Mel Boracis , Bora x Hon ey (Borax, Glycerin, Hon ey).

3. Mel Rosa, Rose Honey (Fluidextract of Rose mixed with Clarified Honey).

Dose, 1-2 flu idra chm s.

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .External. Honey is sometimes incorporated in

poult ices for mammitis , f issured nipples, boi ls and carbuncles, and is

added to gargles for irr i tated conditions of the fauces. Honey of borax

and honey of rose are preparat ions f requently recommended for

aphthous ulcers of the mouth and female geni tal ia . Our exper ience has

led us to regard honey as a barbarous appl icat ion in sore mouth of

infants and young chi ldren on account of the vicious smart ing i t

cau ses . Th e bora x, in weak s olu t ions , is equ al ly as efficient .

Internal. Honey is nutr i t ious, demulcent , diuret ic and ant isept ic;

sometimes it proves laxative. Though extensively used as a food itsomet imes occas ions u np leasan t symptoms, a s pyrosis , a pecu liar an d

persistent bellyache, f latulent colic, head symptoms and occasionally

diarrhea and ur t icar ia . I t is sometimes incorporated in cough mixtures

as an agreeable demulcent, and is occasionally used to allay irr i tation



12/22

of th e u r ina ry pass ages.

MELILOTUS.

The leaves and flowering tops of Melilotus officinalis, Willdenow (Nat. Ord.

Leguminosae). A common weed found everywhere in the United States. Dose, 1 to30 grains.

Co m m o n Na m e s : Yellow S weet Clover, Yellow Melilot, Yellow Melilot Clover.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .An active substance of a vanilla-like odor, coumarin ,

as socia ted with m elilotic acid; orth ocou m ar ic acid, a n d a volat i le oil, melilotol.

P r e p a r a t i o n .Specific Medicine Melilotus . Dose, 1 to 20 drops.

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Idiopathic, a tonic headaches and chronic

neuralgias; coldness, tenderness, lameness or marked soreness of t issues; painful menstruat ion or menstrual col ic with soreness and

coldn ess ; ovar ian n eu ra lgia .

Ac t i on a n d Th e r a p y .Melilotus is a remedy for pain associated with a

sensat ion of coldness of the extremit ies and marked tenderness,

lameness, or soreness to the touch. With these indicat ions i t is very

effectual in some cases of ovar ian neuralgia and dysmenorrhea.

Though it may relieve headache due to gastric disorders, i t is best

ada pted to pa in fu l s ta tes n ot resu lt in g from reflexes, bu t ra th er th ose of an idiopathic type. Following the specific indications it has proved a

remedy of worth in menstrual and intestinal colic, gastralgia,

neuralgia of the stomach, visceral neuralgia, painful dysuria, and

sciat ic neuri t is . I t f requently cuts short recurrent neuralgia whenin du ced by cold , an d ben efit s in rh eum atoid lam eness or soren ess .

MENISPERMUM.

The rhizome and roots of Menispermum canadense, Linn (Nat. Ord.

Menispermaceae). In woods and hedges in the eastern half of the United States.Dose, 5 to 60 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Yellow Paril la , Ca n ad ian Moons eed, etc.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .Berberine in small quanti ty and a large amount of a

bit ter , wh ite alkaloid, menispine; t an n in , gu m, an d res in .



13/22

P r e p a r a t i o n .Tinctura Menispermii, Tincture of Menispermum (Rhizome, 8

oun ces; Alcohol (76 per cen t), 16 ou n ces). Dose, 5 to 60 drops.

Spec i fi c In d ica t ions . - Skin brown , tongue coated a t th e ba se, t ip red,

irregular appetite, constipation (Scudder).

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .Yellow parilla is little used, though possessing

decidedly active tonic properties. Full doses increase the volume of thepulse, sharpen the appet i te , and prove laxat ive. Excessive doses cause

emeto-catharsis. I t is a good laxative, bit ter and alterative, and may be

used with benef i t in st rumous and chronic ar thr i t ic inf lammations,

when accompanied by ful lness of the lymphatic nodes and weak

digest ion. Its p oss ible valu e in leu cocythem ia h as been s u ggested .

MENTHA PIPERITA.

The leaves and tops of Menth a piperita , Smith (Mentha X piperita L.) (Nat. Ord.

Labia ta e). Eur ope and t he Uni ted Sta tes . Dose, 60 to 120 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Pepperm in t .

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .A volatile oil (Oleum Mentha, Piperitae) and menthol.

(See Menthol.)

Preparations.-1. Oleu m Men tha e Pipe ritae , Oil of Peppermint. (A clear, colorless oil

having the strong odor and taste of peppermint and giving a sensation of cold

when air is drawn into the mouth or water is drunk; soluble in alcohol.) Dose, 1 to10 drops .

2 . Aqua Menthae Piperitae, Peppermint Water. Dose, 1 f luidrachm to 1

fluidounce.

3 . S piritus Menth ae Pipe ritae , Spirit of Peppermint (Essence of Peppermint-10

per cent oil). Dose, 5 to 60 drops.

D e r i v a t i v e . -Ment h ol. (See Men th ol. )

Speci f ic Indica t ions .Ga s trod ynia, fla tu len t colic, d ifficu lt diges tion .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .External. Oil of Peppermint is rubefacient and

an odyn e. It is u sed alon e or in combina t ion with other oils for th e relief

of neuralgia and toothache, in both of which it is often very efficient. Its

external use has been somewhat superseded by menthol , the

camphoraceous body to which oil of peppermint owes most of i ts

virtues. Still it is used largely to relieve local pain, especially that of



14/22

bu rns an d sca lds .

Internal. Peppermint infusion is a very grateful agent to allay nauseaand vomiting, and to break up a cold. I t forms a part of the well-known

Neutralizing Cordial. The essence is a common and unexcelled

carminative for gastrodynia and the flatulent colic of children, and isused extensively to modify the act ion and mask the taste of other

medicines. Applied by atomization, essence of peppermint and alcohol,

equal parts, frequently eases the pain of tonsillitis and gives relief in

the cou gh of acu te bron chit is a nd pn eum onia .

MENTHA VIRIDIS.

The leaves and tops ofMentha s picata , Linn (Mentha viridis, Linn). (Nat. Ord.

Labiatae.) Wild in Europe, and introduced into. the United States, growing

abu nda nt ly in dam p grou nds ; cu lt iva ted . Dose, 60 to 120 grains .

Co m m o n Na m e : Spearmint .

P r in c i p a l Co n s t i t u e n t s .A volatile oil (Oleum Mentha Viridis ), res in , a nd gu m.

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. Oleu m Mentha e Virid is , Oil of Spea rm int. Dose, 1 to 10 drops.

2 . S piritus Menth ae Virid is , Spirit of Spearmint (Essence of Spearmint). Dose,

5 to 60 drops .

3 . Aqua Menthae Viridis , Spearmint Water . Dose, 1 / 2 to 1 flu idoun ce.

4 . Infu s um Mentha e Viridis , Infusion of Spearmint (Spearmint, 1 ounce to

Water , 1 6 ou nces). Dose, ad lib itu m.

Spec i fi c In d ica t ions .Scanty secretion of high-colored urine; simple

n a u s e a .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .Spearmint is used much l ike peppermint .

though it is somewhat inferior as a carminative. I t is especially

valuable to allay nausea, particularly that following a sick headache.

The warm infusion is a very agreeable and simple medicine for an

acute cold. Spearmint is one of the surest and kindl iest diuret ics i f

given in cold infusion; or the essence may be used well diluted with

cold water. We frequently employ it to render acetate of potash more

effective as well as pleasanter to take. The spearmint increases the

watery flow; the potash salt the solids of the urine. Spearmint may be

used in st rangury, suppression of ur ine, and scalding of ur ine, withdifficu lt mictu rit ion .



15/22

MENTHOL.

Menthol .

A secondary alcohol obtained from the oil ofMenthapiperita , Linn, or from other

oils of mints . It s h ould be k ept in wel l-s toppered bot t les , a n d in a cool p lace .

D e s c r i p t i o n .Color less needle or pr ism at ic crys ta ls wi th a s t ron g odor an d ta s te

characteristic of peppermint, very soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and

slightly soluble in water. It gives a feeling of warmth when tasted, followed by a

sen sa t ion of cold when a i r is inh aled or water i s dru nk . Dose, 1 / 8 to 2 gra ins .

Speci f ic Indica t ions .Prur itu s ; n au sea an d vomit ing .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .External. Menthol is a local antiseptic,

anaesthet ic and ant iprur i t ic . I t is used with great success in var iousdisorders at tended with i tching and pain. I t may be used alone or

rubbed up with camphor , chloral hydrate, or phenol in combinat ions

desired, and painted upon painful surfaces or employed to obtund the

pain in a carious tooth. In alcoholic or oil solution it is an unexcelled

application for the i tching of hives, pruritus vulvae et ani, eczema,

ringworm, or herpes zoster. For pain and cellular inflammations i t is

very effectual in burns and scalds, insect bi tes and st ings, earache,

n eu ra lgia, boils , carb u n cles, an d th e su rface pa in s of sciat ica. Th e pain

of local and superficial neuralgias and of arthrit is, simple, rheumatic,or gonorrheal, may be relieved by painting upon the affected surface acombination of hydrated chloral, thymol, and menthol. A 20 per cent

menthola ted pet ro la tum may be used as a s t imula t ing agent when

there is a lack of cerumen in the audi tory canal , and for boi ls in that

passage a 20 per cent oil solution is very comforting. A 10 to 20 per

cent solution in liquid petrolatum or olive oil gives relief in coryza and

hay fever, or may be sprayed into the larynx for the relief of the

distressing pain of laryngeal tuberculosis. An albolene spray of

menthol is largely employed in inflamed and irr i table conditions of the

nose and throatozaena, ca tar rhal sore throat , as thma, chronicbronch it is , a n d wh oopin g cou gh . Th e vap or is u sefu l to al lay h ara ss in g

an d ir r itab le bronch ia l cou gh .

Internal. Minute doses of menthol relieve nausea and vomiting, as of

pregnancy and seasickness. I t is sometimes of value in hiccough. I t

should not be used in large doses internal ly because of the profound



16/22

nervou s d is tu rba nces i t may occas ion .

MITCHELLA.

The whole plant of Mitchella repens, Linn (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Dry woods,

hem lock fo res t s , a nd dam p p laces in the Un ited S ta tes . Dose, 5 to 60 gra ins .

C o m m o n N a m e s : Partridgeberry, Squawberry, Squaw-vine, Checkerberry,

Deerberry, One-berry.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t .An undetermined saponin-like body. No alkaloid,

glu coside, n or volati le oil presen t.

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. S pe cific Med icine Mitche lla . Dose , 5 to 60 drops .

2 . Syrupus Mitchellae Compositus , Compound Syrup of Partr idgeberry

(Mothers' Cordial). (Contains Mitchella, Helonias, Viburnum Opulus and

Caulophyllum, Brandy, Sugar and Essence of Sassafras.) Dose, 2 to 4 f luidounces,3 t imes a day.

Speci fic In dica t ion .As a partu s p raepara tor.

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .Based upon the pract ice and t radi t ions of the

American Indians this plant was eager ly adopted into domest ic and

early botanic and Eclectic therapy. I t is believed by some to have a

salutary inf luence upon the pregnant woman, easing many of the

distresses incident to her condition, giving a sense of well-being and

str en gth ening h er for th e ordea l of child b irth . If it h as an y virtu e it l iesin quieting nervous irritability and giving a psychologic balance

throughout the lat ter months of pregnancy. There seems to be rel iable

test im ony to the effect tha t it a ss ists in su sta in in g agains t m iscar r iageswhere such accidents have previously occurred. As a female regulator

it has also had many devoted advocates. The Mother 's Cordial is a

popu lar a n d more rat ional prepa rat ion .

MONARDA.

The leaves and flowering tops ofMonardapunctata , Linn (Nat. Ord. Labiatae).

In digenou s to the greater pa r t of th e Un ited Sta t es , in s an dy fie lds a nd ba rren s .

Co m m o n Na m e : Horsemin t .

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t .A volatile oil (Oleum Mona rda ,) , a pungent, aromatic,

yellowish to yellowish-red or brown oil; soluble in alcohol, and depositing the



17/22

s tea rop ten thymol (C10H13OH) (monardin) (25 to 56 per cent).

P r e p a r a t i o n s .1. Oleum Monardae , Oil of Monarda. Dose, 2 to 5 drops , on su gar .

2 . Infus um Monarda , , Infusion of Horsemint, (1 ounce to Water 16

fluidounce.)Dose, 1 / 2 to 2 flu idoun ces to

D e r i v a t i v e .-Thymol. (See Thymol.)

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .External . Locally applied the oil is rubefacient,

and if too closely or long applied painfully vesicant. It has been

su ccessfu lly u sed in local neu ra lgias

Internal. Infusion of monarda has long been a popular remedy for

retarded menstruat ion from cold. Both the plant and i ts oi l , which is

sharply pungent and diffusive, are st imulat ing, carminat ive,

an t iemetic , an d diur et ic; in h ot in fu sion d iap h oret ic . Both m ay be us ed

to relieve nausea and vomiting even when there is diarrhoea, inflatulent distention of the bowels, in the tympanites of typhoid fever,

and the catarrhal vomit ing of the drunkard. I t checks the serous

diarrhoea of debili ty, and tends to promote rest and sleep from

exhaust ion when associated with nervous exci tat ion. Monarda has

recently come into renewed prominence as an available source of

thymol, now largely used as the most generally effective agent against

hookworm. Oil of Monarda is an ingredient of domestic preparations

lau ded for th eir a ss er ted effect ivenes s in per tu ss is .

MYRICA.

The bark and wax ofMy rica cerifera , Linn (Nat. Ord. Myricaceae). Dry woods and

open fields from Can ad a t o Florida . Dose, 5 to 60 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s : Bayberr y, Waxber ry, Can dle Berry, Wax-Myrtle.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .Tannic and gallic acids, resins, bayberry tallow (from

fru it), 32 per cen t; myricinic an d laur ic ac ids .

P r e p a r a t i o n .Specific Medicin e Myrica. Dose, 1 to 60 drops.

Spec i fi c In d ica t ions .Profuse mucous discharges, with atony of the

circulat ion; sore mouth and sore throat .

A c t i o n a n d Th e r a p y .External. Bayberry, in powder, decoction, or



18/22

specific medicine, may be applied for the relief of spongy, flabby, and

bleedin g gu m s, th e sore th roat of sca r lat in a with enfeebled a n d s wollen

t issues, and to aphthous and indolent ulcerat ions. As an inject ion i t isva lued by some in a ton ic leu cor rh ea .

Internal. Bayberry is a stimulating astringent. In full doses i t is emetic.I t is a remedy of considerable value in relaxed and flabby conditions of

t issues with hypersecretion. In small doses (2 to 5 drops of specific

medicine) i t st imulates the gastro-intestinal glands, favors digestion

and imparts tone, thereby increasing blood-making and nutr i t ion. In

doses of 5 to 20 drops i t is a decided gastr ic s t imulant , and as such

may be used in chronic gastri t is. I t is also of value in chronic catarrhal

diarrh ea, mu coent er it is , an d typh oid dysen tery, thou gh th e lat t er is n ot

encoun tered as m u ch a s in former years . It m ay be given in terna lly, aswell as used locally upon the throat, in scarlet fever, in the latter

stages, when a f labby and enfeebled rather than highly inf lammatorycondition exists. As a rule bayberry should not be employed in active

conditions, but rather in debili ty of the mucosa, with feeble venous

flow an d fu ll, oppres sed pu lse.

MYRISTICA.

The ripe seeds ofMyris tica fragrans , Houttuyn, deprived of their testa (Nat. Ord.

Myrist icaceae). Molucca Island; and cult ivated in the tropics. Dose, 5 to 15 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e : Nu tm eg.

P r i n c i p a l C o n s t i t u e n t s .A fixed (25 to 30 per cent) and a volatile oil (Oleum

Myristicae, 2 to 8 p er cen t). Dose of volatile oil, 1 to 5 dr ops .

P r e p a r a t i o n .Specific Medicin e Nut m eg. Dose, 1 t o 15 drop s.

Act ion and Toxicology .An aromatic st imulant and carminat ive in

small doses; larger doses produce nervous sedat ion and are soporif ic .

Death has resul ted f rom large doses (more than three drachms) , the

chief symptoms being headache, coldness, and col lapse, drowsinessand indisposi t ion to muscular movements. Diuresis is apt to be

in creased , th ough in one cas e it was en t ire ly su ppress ed .

T h e r a p y .External. An ointment containing the finely powdered nut,

or the volati le oil sometimes proves obtundant to painful piles. Grated

upon a larded cloth and applied warm we have found i t to give prompt



19/22

and grateful relief in soreness of the chest attending an acute cold or

the beginning of acute respiratory inflammation. I t may also be used as

a sp ice pou ltice to th e a bd omen in pa in fu l bowel affections from cold. Aliniment of oil of nutmeg (1) and olive oil (3) is regarded by some as an

efficien t p a ra s iticide for m ild t ypes of rin gworm .

Internal. Both the powdered nut and the oi l are good carminat ives and

may be used to al lay nausea, vomit ing, and gastr ic pain, and to check

f latulent col ic and serous diarrhea. The grated nut is in f requent

domestic use to f lavor foods for the sick, and it and the oil in

prescr ipt ion ph ar m acy to arom atize sleepin g m ixtu res.

MYRRHA (Com m iph ora sp p.)

The gum-resin obtained from one or more varieties of Commiphora (Nat. Ord.

Burseraceae). Region of Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, Africa, and Arabia. Dose, 1to 15 gra ins .

Co m m o n Na m e s .-Myrrh, Gu m Myrrh.

D e s c r i p t i o n .Brownish-yellow or reddish-brown tears or masses, covered with a

brownish-yellow dust; taste: bitter, acrid, and aromatic; odor: balsamic. Soluble in

alcoh ol; forms an emu ls ion with water . Dose, 1 to 30 gra ins .

P r in c i p a l Co n s t i t u e n t s .A res in, myrrhin , 23 to 40 per cen t; a volat ile oil,

myrrhol, 2 to 8 p er cent ; gu m, 4 0 to 60 per cent , an d a b it ter pr inciple .

P r e p a r a t i o n .Tinctura Myrrha e, Tinctu re of Myrrh (Myrrh , 20 per cent ). Dose, 1 to

30 drops .

Spec i f i c Ind ica t ions .Mucous membrane pale and lax; tonsi ls

enlarged and spongy; throat pale and tumid; chronic bronchit is with

profuse secretion of mucus or muco-pus, difficult to expectorate;soreness an d s pongin ess of th e gu m s; ptyalism ; weigh t a n d d raggin g in

pelvis in fem ales; leu corrh ea; m u scu lar debi lity .

Ac t i on a n d Th e r a p y .External. Myrrh is the best local application for

spongy and bleeding gums and is effective in mercurial and other

forms of sa livat ion. Th e tin ctu re m ay be dilu ted with ab ou t 6 to 10 p ar ts

of water . I t may also be used with benef i t when the throat is sore and

exhibi ts aphthous or s loughing ulcers, and in chronic pharyngit is with

tumid, pal l id membranes and elongated uvula. In spongy, enlarged



20/22

tonsils it is an ideal topical medicine. After the removal of tonsils the

following gives great relief from pain and deodorizes the fetor: Rx

Tin ctu re of Myrrh , 1/ 2 flu idra chm ; Asep sin, 10 grain s; Ech afolta , 2flu idra ch m s; Glycerin , 2 flu idra ch m s; Wat er, en ou gh to m ak e 4

fluidounces. Shake. This may be applied by means of an atomizer. This

combinat ion is also a good mouth wash and dent if r ice and minimizesthe possibility of pyorrhea alveolaris. Myrrh, in powder, is often added

to den tifr ices.

Internal. Myrrh i s a s t imulant to mucous t i ssues and should not be

used, as a rule, in active inflammatory conditions. Small doses

promote digestion and prove antiseptic to the intestinal canal. Large

doses quicken the pu lse , ra ise th e tempera tu re , cau se gas t r ic bu rning,

great sweating and prostration; vomiting and purgation may follow.Myrrh is a remedy for enfeebled conditions with excessive mucous

secretion, exhibiting its restraining power especially upon thebronchial and renal mucosa. I t is of much value in chronic bronchit is

with relaxat ion of t iss u es, profu se, u n h ealth y an d exha u st ing secret ion

and difficulty in raising the sputa. Locke advised the following: Rx

Compound Tincture of Myrrh and Capsicum, 2 f luidrachms each;

Syrup of Wild Cherry, Syrup of Senega, 2 fluidounces each. Mix. Sig.:

One teaspoonful every three hours. This acts kindly upon the stomach

and sustains the st rength of the pat ient . The same combinat ion of ten

relieves th e as th m a of th e aged.

Myrrh is useful in chronic gastri t is and atonic dyspepsia, with full ,

pa le tongue and membranes , and f requent mucous s tools

accompanied by flatulence. I t acts well with the simple bitters,

especial ly gent ian.

Myrrh is probably emmenagogue, though much of i ts reputat ion as

such has been acqui red in anemic s ta tes in which i t has been

administered conjointly with iron and aloes. I t is used in diseases of

women when there is weight and dragging in the pelvis and

leucorrhea; and in suppression of the menses in anemic gir ls . For thetype of amenorrhea dependent upon uter ine torpor and const ipat ionLocke advised the following: Rx Myrrh, 30 grains; Aloes, 10 grains;

Macrotin, 10 grains. Mix. Make into #20 pills. Sig.: One or two pills,

three t imes a day. Myrrh is an ingredient of the celebrated Griffi th 's

Mixture (Mistura Ferri Composita) for the amenorrhea of chlorosis and

other forms of anemia; and of the Compound Pills of Rhubarb (Pilulae



21/22

Rhei Comp ositae).



22/22

m o n o gr a p h s e x t r a c t e d fr o m

Th e Ec le c t i c Ma t e r ia Me d ic a , P h a r m a c o lo gy a n d Th e r a p e u t i c s

by Harvey Wicke s Fe l ter , M.D. (19 2 2)

NOTE: Throughout these monographs are references to Specific Medicines.

In some respects Specific Medicines are the single reason that Eclecticismsurvived so long in the face of Organized Medicine and were still being

manufactured for the surviving Eclectic M.D.s as late as the early 1960s.

Using u p t o eight organ ic solvent s a n d th e Lloyd Extra ctor, Specific Medicin es

represented the strongest possible concentration of the bioactive aspects of

botan icals th a t wou ld s tay in a collo ida l so lu t ion .

Perfected over fou r d ecades by J ohn Uri Lloyd, each Specific Medicin e was

prepared according to the nature of THAT specific plant. You cannot translate

a Specific Medicine into tincture or fluidextract. The latter are GENERIC

or standard strengths applied across the board to ALL botanicals. A Specific

Medicine represented the greatest s trength, without degradation, for aPARTICULAR plant, using anywhere from several to all of the solvents to

achieve this . The Eclectic physician was trained to use botanicals in an

oftentimes rural sett ing, and these medicines had to resist breakdown in the

deepest winter and the hottest summer. Since they needed to contain even

the most ephemeral consti tuents of a plant remedy, Lloyd approached each

plant separa te ly .

The amazing quali ty of these preparations assuredly maintained the Eclectic

Movemen t long after oth ers h ad fad ed. Lloyds recipes were Paten t

Medicines, were not official, and when relatives finally closed down the

Lloyd Broth ers Pha rm acy in Cincinn at i, thes e form u lae disa ppea red. On e of

the hottest topics for many years amongst professional herbalists in North

America and Europe has been So who has the Lloyd Formulas, already?

Since we cannot access them, the best approach is the use of well made

tinctures, capsules or tea. I might suggest the preparations and doses

recommended in my Herbal Materia Medica 5.0 as a start ing place.. . in many

respects I am perhaps a Neo-Eclectic at heart, and have tended to follow

th e la ter Eclect ics in m y app roach to p lants an d dosa ges .

Michael Moore

Bisbee, Arizon a

October, 200 1

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