F&EI Calculation Workbook

Explanation of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index.

The Fire and Explosion Index (F&E!) calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greatest loss potential in a particular process. Italso enables one to predict the physical damage that would occur in the event of an incident.

The first step in making the F&EI calculation requires using an efficient and logical procedure to determine which process units shouldbe studied. A process unit is defined as any major item of process equipment. The following process units could be identified in atypical plant.

Unloading facility Storage tank Reactor Distillation Column Quench Vessel Storage Vessel Loading facility

A designation of the Process Unit must be entered in the appropriate space on the F&EI form. The Manufacturing Unitdesignation must also be entered on the F&EI form. A Manufacturing Unit is the entire production facility includingchemical processes, mechanical processes, warehouse, packaging lines, etc.

It is quite clear that most manufacturing units have many process units. To calculate the Fire and Explosion Index, however, onlyprocess units that could have an impact from a loss prevention standpoint should be evaluated. These are known as Pertinent ProcessUnits.

Important factors for selecting Pertinent Process Units include:a. Chemical energy potential (Material Factor)b. Quantity of hazardous material in the Process Unitc. Process pressure and process temperatured. Units critical to plant operation, e.g. Reactor

Important Considerations

A. The Fire and Explosion Index system assumes that a process unit handles a minimum of 2,500 kg of a flammable, combustible orreactive material. If less material is involved, generally the risk will be overstated. However, F&EI calculations can providemeaningful results for pilot plants if they handle at least 500 kg) of combustible or reactive material.

B. Careful consideration is needed when equipment is arranged in series and the items are not effectively isolated from each other.An example would be a reaction train without an intermediate pump. In such situations, the type of process determines whetherseveral vessels or just a single vessel should be considered as the Process Unit.

It should rarely be necessary to calculate the F&EI for more than three or four Process Units in a single process area of a












C. It is also important to give careful consideration to the state or point in time of the operation. By their nature, such normal stagesas startup, steady-state operation, shutdown, filling, emptying, adding catalyst, etc., often create unique conditions having an


























PLANT NAME

Sheet i.d. Unit DescriptionUnit 1 Butadiene UnloadingUnit 2 Finishing towerUnit 3 0Unit 4 0Unit 5 0Unit 6 0Unit 7 0Unit 8 Xylene storageUnit 9 LPG StoreUnit 10 Solids pesticides warehouse

Material F & E IButadiene #NUM!Ethylene Oxide #NUM!

0 #NUM!0 #NUM!0 #NUM!0 #NUM!0 #NUM!

P Xylene #NUM!0 #NUM!0 #NUM!

Hc HcBTU/LB Kcal/Kg Nh

MATERIAL MF Health1,1,1-Trichloroethane 4 3.1 1.7 2

1,1-Ethylidene Dichloride 16 4.5 2.5 2

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 10 4.3 2.4 3

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 4 6.2 3.4 2

1,2-Dichloroethylene 24 6.9 3.8 2

1,2-Dinitrobenzene 40 7.2 4.0 3

1,3-Butadiene 24 19.2 10.7 2

1,3-Dichloropropene 16 6.0 3.3 3

1,3-Propanediamine 16 13.6 7.6 2

1,4-Dioxane 16 10.5 5.8 2

1-Butanol (Butyl alcohol) 16 14.3 7.9 1

1-Butene 21 19.5 10.8 1

1-Chloro 1-Nitroethane 29 3.5 2.0 3

2,2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol 16 14.8 8.2 2

2,3-Butylene Oxide 24 14.3 7.9 2

2,3-Dichloropropene 16 5.9 3.3 2

2,4-Dinitro Phenol 40 6.1 3.4 3

2-Chloropropane 21 10.1 5.6 2

2-Ethylhezanal 14 16.2 9.0 2

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate 24 8.9 4.9 2

2-Methylpropenal 24 15.4 8.6 3

2-Picoline 10 15.0 8.3 2

3,5-Dichloro Salicylic Acid 24 5.3 2.9 0

4-Vinyl Cyclohexene 24 19.0 10.6 0

Acetaldehyde 24 10.5 5.8 3

Acetic Acid 14 5.6 3.1 3

Acetic Anhydride 14 7.1 3.9 3

Acetone 16 12.3 6.8 1

Acetone Cyanohydrin 24 11.2 6.2 4

Acetonitrile 16 12.6 7.0 3

Acetyl Chloride 24 2.5 1.4 3

Acetyl Ethanolamine 14 9.4 5.2 1

Acetyl Peroxide 40 6.4 3.6 1

Acetyl Salicylic Acid [7] 16 8.9 4.9 1

Acetylene 29 20.7 11.5 0

Acrolein 29 11.8 6.6 4

Acrylamide 24 9.5 5.3 3

Material factors for unlisted materials can be estimated by table at the bottom of this screen

x 103 x 103

Acrylic Acid 24 7.6 4.2 3

Acrylonitrile 24 13.7 7.6 4

Allyl Alcohol 16 13.7 7.6 4

Allyl Bromide 16 5.9 3.3 3

Allyl Chloride 16 9.7 5.4 3

Allyl Ether 24 16.0 8.9 3

Allylamine 16 15.4 8.6 4

Aluminum Chloride 24 [2] #VALUE! 3

Ammonia 4 8.0 4.4 3

Ammonium Nitrate 29 12.4 6.9 0

Amyl Acetate 16 14.6 8.1 1

Amyl Nitrate 10 11.5 6.4 2

Aniline 10 15.0 8.3 3

Barium Chlorate 14 [2] #VALUE! 2

Barium Stearate 4 8.9 4.9 0

Benzaldehyde 10 13.7 7.6 2

Benzene 16 17.3 9.6 2

Benzoic Acid 14 11.0 6.1 2

Benzyl Acetate 4 12.3 6.8 1

Benzyl Alcohol 4 13.8 7.7 2

Benzyl Chloride 14 12.6 7.0 2

Benzyl Peroxide 40 12.0 6.7 1

Bisphenol A 14 14.1 7.8 2

Bromine 1 0.0 0.0 3

Bromobenzene 10 8.1 4.5 2

Butane 21 19.7 10.9 1

Butyl Acetate 16 12.2 6.8 1

Butyl Acrylate 24 14.2 7.9 2

Butyl Bromide 16 7.6 4.2 2

Butyl Chloride 16 11.4 6.3 2

Butyl Ether 16 16.3 9.1 2

Butyl Nitrate 29 11.1 6.2 1

Calcium Carbide 24 9.1 5.1 3

Calcium Stearate [6] 4 — #VALUE! 0

Carbon Disulfide 21 6.1 3.4 3

Carbon Monoxide 21 4.3 2.4 3

Chlorine 1 0.0 0.0 4

Chlorine Dioxide 40 0.7 0.4 3

Chloro Methyl Ethyl Ether 14 5.7 3.2 2

Chloroacetyl Chloride 14 2.5 1.4 3

Chlorobenzene 16 10.9 6.1 2

Chloroform 1 1.5 0.8 2

Chloropicrin 29 5.8 3.2 4

Chlorostyrene 24 12.5 6.9 2

Coumarin 24 12.0 6.7 2

Cumene 16 18.0 10.0 2

Cumene Hydroperoxide 40 13.7 7.6 1

Cyanamide 29 7.0 3.9 4

Cyclobutane 21 19.1 10.6 1

Cyclohexane 16 18.7 10.4 1

Cyclohexanol 10 15.0 8.3 1

Cyclopropane 21 21.3 11.8 1

DER* 331 14 13.7 7.6 1

Di-tert-butyl Peroxide 40 14.5 8.1 3

Dichlorobenzene 10 8.1 4.5 2

Dichlorostyrene 24 9.3 5.2 2

Dicumyl Peroxide 29 15.4 8.6 0

Dicyclopentadiene 16 17.9 9.9 1

Diesel Fuel 10 18.7 10.4 0

Diethanolamine 4 10.0 5.6 1

Diethyl Carbonate 16 9.1 5.1 2

Diethyl Ether 21 14.5 8.1 2

Diethyl Peroxide 40 12.2 6.8 —

Diethylamine 16 16.5 9.2 3

Diethylene Glycol 4 8.7 4.8 1

Diisobutylene 16 19.0 10.6 1

Diisopropyl Benzene 10 17.9 9.9 0

Dimethylamine 21 15.2 8.4 3

Diphenyl Oxide 4 14.9 8.3 1

Dipropylene Glycol 4 10.8 6.0 0

Divinyl Acetylene 29 18.2 10.1 —

Divinyl Ether 24 14.5 8.1 2

Divinylbenzene 24 17.4 9.7 1

DOWANOL* DM 10 10.0 5.6 2

DOWANOL* EB 10 12.9 7.2 1

DOWANOL* PM 16 11.1 6.2 1

DOWANOL* PnB 10 — #VALUE! 1

DOWFROST* 4 9.1 5.1 1

DOWFROST* HD 1 — #VALUE! 0

DOWFROTH* 250 1 — #VALUE! 0

DOWICIL* 200 24 9.3 5.2 2

DOWICIL* 200 24 9.3 5.2 1

DOWICIL* 75 24 7.0 3.9 1

DOWTHERM* 4000 4 7.0 3.9 1

DOWTHERM* A 4 15.5 8.6 2

DOWTHERM* G 4 15.5 8.6 1

DOWTHERM* HT 4 — #VALUE! 1

DOWTHERM* J 10 17.8 9.9 1

DOWTHERM* LF 4 16.0 8.9 1

DOWTHERM* Q 4 17.3 9.6 1

DOWTHERM* SR-1 4 7.0 3.9 1

DURSBAN* 14 19.8 11.0 1

Epichlorohydrin 24 7.2 4.0 3

Ethane 21 20.4 11.3 1

Ethanolamine 10 9.5 5.3 2

Ethyl Acetate 16 10.1 5.6 1

Ethyl Acrylate 24 11.0 6.1 2

Ethyl Alcohol 16 11.5 6.4 0

Ethyl Benzene 16 17.6 9.8 2

Ethyl Benzoate 4 12.2 6.8 1

Ethyl Bromide 4 5.6 3.1 2

Ethyl Butylcarbonate 14 10.6 5.9 2

Ethyl Butyrate 16 12.2 6.8 0

Ethyl Chloride 21 8.2 4.6 1

Ethyl Chloroformate 16 5.2 2.9 3

Ethyl Ether 21 14.4 8.0 1

Ethyl Formate 16 8.7 4.8 2

Ethyl Mercaptan 21 12.7 7.1 2

Ethyl Nitrate 40 6.4 3.6 2

Ethyl Propyl Ether 16 15.2 8.4 1

Ethylamine 21 16.3 9.1 3

Ethylbutylamine 16 17.0 9.4 3

Ethylene 24 20.8 11.6 1

Ethylene Carbonate 14 5.3 2.9 2

Ethylene Dichloride 16 4.6 2.6 2

Ethylene Glycol 4 7.3 4.1 1

Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether 10 11.6 6.4 2

Ethylene Glycol Monoacetate 4 8.0 4.4 0

Ethylene Oxide 29 11.7 6.5 3

Ethylenediamine 10 12.4 6.9 3

Ethylenimine 29 13.0 7.2 4

Fluorine 40 — #VALUE! 4

Fluorobenzene 16 13.4 7.4 3

Formaldehyde (Anhydrous Gas) 21 8.0 4.4 3

Formaldehyde (solutions 37-56%) 10 — #VALUE! 3

Formic Acid 10 3.0 1.7 3

Fuel Oil #1 10 18.7 10.4 0

Fuel Oil #2 10 18.7 10.4 0

Fuel Oil #3 10 18.7 10.4 0

Fuel Oil #4 10 18.7 10.4 0

Furan 21 12.6 7.0 1

Gasoline 16 18.8 10.4 1

Glycerine 4 6.9 3.8 1

Glycolonitrile 14 7.6 4.2 1

Heptane 16 19.2 10.7 1

Hexachloro Diphenyl Oxide 14 5.5 3.1 2

Hexachlorobutadiene 14 2.0 1.1 2

Hexanal 16 15.5 8.6 2

Hexane 16 19.2 10.7 1

Hydrazine (anhydrous) 29 7.7 4.3 3

Hydrogen 21 51.6 28.7 0

Hydrogen Cyanide 24 10.3 5.7 4

Hydrogen Peroxide (40 to 60%) 14 [2] #VALUE! 2

Hydrogen Sulfide 21 6.5 3.6 4

Hydroxylamine 29 3.2 1.8 2

Hydroxypropyl Acrylate 24 10.4 5.8 3

Isobutane 21 19.4 10.8 1

Isobutyl Alcohol 16 14.2 7.9 1

Isobutylamine 16 16.2 9.0 2

Isobutylchloride 16 11.4 6.3 2

Isopentane 21 21.0 11.7 1

Isoprene 24 18.9 10.5 2

Isopropanol 16 13.1 7.3 1

Isopropenyl Acetylene 24 — #VALUE! 2

Isopropyl Acetate 16 11.2 6.2 1

Isopropyl Chloride 21 10.0 5.6 2

Isopropyl Ether 16 15.6 8.7 2

Isopropylamine 21 15.5 8.6 3

Jet Fuel A & A-1 10 21.7 12.1 0

Jet Fuel B 16 21.7 12.1 1

Kerosene 10 18.7 10.4 0

Lauryl Bromide 4 12.9 7.2 1

Lauryl Mercaptan 4 16.8 9.3 2

Lauryl Peroxide 40 15.0 8.3 0

LORSBAN* 4E 14 3.0 1.7 1

Lube Oil (mineral) 4 19.0 10.6 0

m-Diethyl Benzene 10 18.0 10.0 2

Magnesuim 14 10.6 5.9 0

Maleic Anhydride 14 5.9 3.3 3

Methacrylic Acid 24 9.3 5.2 3

Methane 21 21.5 11.9 1

Methyl Acetate 16 8.5 4.7 1

Methyl Acrylate 24 18.7 10.4 3

Methyl Alcohol 16 8.6 4.8 1

Methyl Amyl Ketone 10 15.4 8.6 1

Methyl Borate 16 — #VALUE! 2

Methyl Carbonate 16 6.2 3.4 2

Methylcellulose (bag storage) 4 6.5 3.6 0

Methylcellulose Dust [7] 16 6.5 3.6 0

Methyl Chloride 21 5.5 3.1 1

Methyl Chloroacetate 14 5.1 2.8 2

Methyl Cyclopentadiene 14 17.4 9.7 1

Methyl Ether 21 12.4 6.9 2

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 16 13.5 7.5 1

Methyl Formate 21 6.4 3.6 2

Methyl Hydrazine 24 10.9 6.1 4

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 16 16.6 9.2 2

Methyl Mercaptan 21 10.0 5.6 4

Methyl Methacrylate 24 11.9 6.6 2

Methyl Vinyl Ketone 24 13.4 7.4 4

Methylacetylene 24 20.0 11.1 2

Methylamine 21 13.2 7.3 3

Methylcyclohexane 16 19.0 10.6 2

Methylene Chloride 4 2.3 1.3 2

Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate 14 12.6 7.0 2

Mineral Oil 4 17.0 9.4 0

Mineral Seal Oil 10 17.6 9.8 0

Monochlorobenzene 16 11.3 6.3 2

Monoethanolamine 10 9.6 5.3 2

n-Butylamine 16 16.3 9.1 3

n-Propyl Ether 16 15.7 8.7 1

n-Propyl Nitrate 29 7.4 4.1 2

N-SERV* 14 15.0 8.3 2

Naphtha, VM & P, Regular 16 18.0 10.0 1

Naphthalene 10 16.7 9.3 2

Nitrobenzene 14 10.4 5.8 3

Nitrobiphenyl 4 12.7 7.1 2

Nitrochlorobenzene 4 7.8 4.3 3

Nitroethane 29 7.7 4.3 1

Nitroglycerine 40 7.8 4.3 2

Nitromethane 40 5.0 2.8 1

Nitropropanes 24 9.7 5.4 1

o-Bromotoluene 10 8.5 4.7 2

o-Chlorophenol 10 9.2 5.1 3

Octane 16 20.5 11.4 0

Oleic Acid 4 16.8 9.3 0

p-Ethyl Toluene 10 17.7 9.8 3

p-Nitrotoluene 14 11.2 6.2 3

p-Xylene 16 17.6 9.8 2

Pentamethylene Oxide 16 13.7 7.6 2

Pentane 21 19.4 10.8 1

Peracetic Acid 40 4.8 2.7 3

Perchloric Acid 29 [2] #VALUE! 3

Petroleum - Crude 16 21.3 11.8 1

Phenol 10 13.4 7.4 4

Polyethylene 10 18.7 10.4 —

Polystyrene Foam 16 17.1 9.5 —

Polystyrene Pellets 10 — #VALUE! —

Potassium (metal) 24 — #VALUE! 3

Potassium Chlorate 14 [2] #VALUE! 1

Potassium Nitrate 29 [2] #VALUE! 1

Potassium Perchlorate 14 — #VALUE! 1

Potassium Peroxide 14 — #VALUE! 3

Propanal 16 12.5 6.9 2

Propane 21 19.9 11.1 1

Propargyl Alcohol 29 12.6 7.0 4

Propargyl Bromide 40 13.6 7.6 4

Proprionic Nitrile 16 15.0 8.3 4

Propyl Acetate 16 11.2 6.2 1

Propyl Alcohol 16 12.4 6.9 1

Propylamine 16 15.8 8.8 3

Propylbenzene 16 17.3 9.6 2

Propylchloride 16 10.0 5.6 2

Propylene 21 19.7 10.9 1

Propylene Dichloride 16 6.3 3.5 2

Propylene Glycol 4 9.3 5.2 0

Propylene Oxide 24 13.2 7.3 3

Pyridine 16 5.9 3.3 3

Sodium Chlorate 24 — #VALUE! 1

Sodium Dichromate 14 — #VALUE! 1

Sodium Hydride 24 — #VALUE! 3

Sodium Hydrosulfite 24 — #VALUE! 2

Sodium Perchlorate 14 — #VALUE! 2

Sodium Peroxide 14 — #VALUE! 3

Stearic Acid 4 15.9 8.8 1

Styrene 24 17.4 9.7 2

Sulfur Chloride 14 1.8 1.0 3

Sulfur Dioxide 1 0.0 0.0 3

SYLTHERM* 800 4 12.3 6.8 1

SYLTHERM* XLT 10 14.1 7.8 1

t-Butyl Hydroperoxide 40 11.9 6.6 1

t-Butyl Peracetate 40 10.6 5.9 2

t-Butyl Perbenzoate 40 12.2 6.8 1

t-Butyl Peroxide 29 14.5 8.1 1

t-Octyl Mercaptan 10 16.5 9.2 2

TELONE* C-17 16 2.7 1.5 3

TELONE* II 16 3.2 1.8 2

Toluene 16 17.4 9.7 2

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate 24 10.6 5.9 3

Tributylamine 10 17.8 9.9 3

Trichloroethylene 10 2.7 1.5 2

Triethanolamine 14 10.1 5.6 2

Triethylaluminum 29 16.9 9.4 3

Triethylamine 16 17.8 9.9 3

Triethylene Glycol 4 9.3 5.2 1

Triisobutylaluminum 29 18.9 10.5 3

Triisopropylbenzene 4 18.1 10.1 0

Trimethylaluminum 29 16.5 9.2 —

Tripropylamine 10 17.8 9.9 2

Vinyl Acetate 24 9.7 5.4 2

Vinyl Acetylene 29 19.5 10.8 2

Vinyl Allyl Ether 24 15.5 8.6 2

Vinyl Butyl Ether 24 15.4 8.6 2

Vinyl Chloride 24 8.0 4.4 2

Vinyl Ethyl Ether 24 14.0 7.8 2

Vinyl Toluene 24 17.5 9.7 2

Vinylidene Chloride 24 4.2 2.3 2

Zinc Chlorate 14 [2] #VALUE! 1

Zinc Stearate [7] 4 10.1 5.6 0

to BTU/lb by multiplying by 1800 and dividing by molecular weight.[1] Vacuum distillation. [6] MF is packaged material.[2] Material oxidized to higher level of oxidation. [7] Evaluate as a dust.[3] Sublimes. [8] Decomposes.[4] Explodes on heating. [9] After extended use > 600 °F, the flash point can potentially drop to 95 °F.[5] Decomposes in water.

Footnotes: The net Heat of Combustion (Hc) is the value obtained when the water formed in the combustion is considered to be in the vapor state. When Hc is given in kcal/gm mole, it can be converted

Seta = Setaflash Method (See NFPA 321) NA = Not ApplicableOther Flash Points determined by Tag Closed Cup Method (TCC).

Material factor for unlisted materials

MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GUIDE

Instability RankingNFPA

0 1 2

0 1 14 24

F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C) 1 4 14 24

F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F ( 93.3 C) 2 10 14 24F.P. 73 F ( 22.8 C) 3 16 16 24< 100 °F (< 37.8 C) orF.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) &BP. 100 F ( 37.8 C)F.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) & 4 21 21 24B.P. < 100 F (< 37.8 C)Combustible Dust or Mist

16 16 2421 21 2424 24 24

Combustible SolidsDense > 40 mm thick 1 4 14 24Open < 40 mm thick 2 10 14 24Foam, fiber, powder, etc. 3 16 16 24F.P. = Flash Point, closed cup B.P. = Boiling Point at Standard Temperatures and Pressure (STP)

Flammability Rankin

g

Liquids & Gases Flammability or Combustibility 325M

or 49Non-combustible2

St-1 (KSt 200 bar m/sec)St-2 (KSt = 201-300 bar m/sec)St-3 (KSt > 300 bar m/sec)

NFPA RatingNf Ni Flash Flash Boiling

Flammability Instability Point (°F) Point (°C) Point (°F)1 0 None #VALUE! 165

3 0 2 -17 135 - 138

2 0 160 71 313

1 0 222 106 415

3 2 36 – 39 #VALUE! 140

1 4 302 150 606

4 2 -105 -76 24

3 0 95 35 219

3 0 124 51 276

3 1 54 12 214

3 0 84 29 243

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 21

2 3 133 56 344

3 0 98 37 237

3 2 5 -15 149

3 0 59 15 201

1 4 — #VALUE! —

4 0 -26 -32 95

2 1 112 44 325

1 2 214 101 410

3 2 35 2 154

2 0 102 39 262

1 2 — #VALUE! —

3 2 61 16 266

4 2 -36 -38 69

2 1 103 39 244

2 1 126 52 282

3 0 -4 -20 133

2 2 165 74 203

3 0 42 6 179

3 2 40 4 124

1 1 355 179 304 - 308

2 4 — #VALUE! [4]

1 0 — #VALUE! —

4 3 Gas #VALUE! -118

3 3 -15 -26 127

2 2 — #VALUE! 257[1]

2 2 124 51 286

3 2 32 0 171

3 1 72 22 207

3 1 28 -2 160

3 1 -20 -29 113

3 2 20 -7 203

3 1 -4 -20 128

0 2 — #VALUE! [3]

1 0 Gas #VALUE! -28

0 3 — #VALUE! 410

3 0 60 16 300

2 0 118 48 306 - 315

2 0 158 70 364

0 1 — #VALUE! —

1 0 — #VALUE! —

2 0 148 64 354

3 0 12 -11 176

1 1 250 121 482

1 0 195 91 417

1 0 200 93 403

2 1 162 72 387

3 4 — #VALUE! —

1 1 175 79 428

0 0 — #VALUE! 138

2 0 124 51 313

4 0 -76 -60 31

3 0 72 22 260

2 2 103 39 300

3 0 65 18 215

3 0 15 -9 170

3 1 92 33 288

3 3 97 36 277

3 2 — #VALUE! —

1 0 — #VALUE! —

4 0 -22 -30 115


0 0 Gas #VALUE! -29

1 4 Gas #VALUE! 50

1 1 — #VALUE! —

0 1 — #VALUE! 223

3 0 84 29 270

0 0 — #VALUE! 143

0 3 — #VALUE! 234

1 2 165 74 372

1 2 — #VALUE! 554

3 1 96 36 306

2 4 175 79 [4]

1 3 286 141 500

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 55

3 0 -4 -20 179

2 0 154 68 322

4 0 Gas #VALUE! -29

1 1 485 252 878

2 4 65 18 231

2 0 151 66 357

1 2 225 107 —

1 3 — #VALUE! —

3 1 90 32 342

2 0 100 – 130 #VALUE! 315

1 0 342 172 514

3 1 77 25 259

4 1 -49 -45 94

4 4 [4] #VALUE! [4]

3 0 -18 -28 132

1 0 255 124 472

3 0 23 -5 214

2 0 170 77 401

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 44

1 0 239 115 496

1 0 250 121 449

3 3 < -4 #VALUE! 183

3 2 < -22 #VALUE! 102

2 2 157 69 392

2 0 197 (Seta) #VALUE! 381

2 0 150 66 340

3 0 90 (Seta) #VALUE! 248

2 0 138 59 338

1 0 215 (TOC) #VALUE! 370

1 0 None #VALUE! 240

1 0 300 (Seta) #VALUE! 473

2 2 - #VALUE! -

2 2 — #VALUE! —

2 2 — #VALUE! —

1 0 252 (Seta) #VALUE! 330

1 0 236 (Seta) #VALUE! 495

1 0 266 (Seta) #VALUE! 551

1 0 322 (TOC) #VALUE! 650

2 0 136 (Seta) #VALUE! 358

1 0 240 116 550 – 558

1 0 249 (Seta) #VALUE! 513

1 0 232 111 325

2 1 81 – 110 #VALUE! —

3 2 88 31 241


2 0 185 85 339

3 0 24 -4 171

3 2 48 9 211

3 0 55 13 173

3 0 70 21 277

1 0 190 88 414


2 1 122 50 275

3 0 75 24 248

4 0 -58 -50 54

3 1 61 16 203

4 1 -49 -45 94

3 0 -4 -20 130

4 0 <0 #VALUE! 95

3 4 50 10 190

3 0 < -4 #VALUE! 147

4 0 < 0 #VALUE! 62

3 0 64 18 232


1 1 290 143 351

3 0 56 13 181 – 183

1 0 232 111 387

2 0 29 -2 174

1 0 215 102 347

4 3 -4 -20 51

2 0 110 43 239

3 3 12 -11 135


3 0 5 -15 185

4 0 Gas #VALUE! -6

2 0 140 – 181 #VALUE! 206 – 212

2 0 122 50 213

2 0 100 – 162 #VALUE! 304 – 574

2 0 126 – 204 #VALUE! —

2 0 142 – 240 #VALUE! —

2 0 150 – 270 #VALUE! —

4 1 < 32 #VALUE! 88

3 0 -45 -43 100 – 400

1 0 390 199 340

1 1 — #VALUE! —

3 0 25 -4 209

1 1 — #VALUE! —

1 1 — #VALUE! —

3 1 90 32 268

3 0 -7 -22 156

3 3 100 38 236


4 2 0 -18 79

0 1 — #VALUE! 226 – 237

4 0 Gas #VALUE! -76

0 3 [4] #VALUE! 158

1 2 207 97 410

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 11

3 0 82 28 225

3 0 15 -9 150

3 0 < 70 #VALUE! 156

4 0 < -60 #VALUE! 82

4 2 -65 -54 93

3 0 53 12 181

4 2 < 19 #VALUE! 92

3 0 34 1 194

4 0 -26 -32 95

3 1 -18 -28 156

4 0 -15 -26 93

2 0 110 – 150 #VALUE! 400 – 550

3 0 -10 – 30 #VALUE! —

2 0 100 – 162 #VALUE! 304 – 574

1 0 291 144 356

1 0 262 128 289

1 4 — #VALUE! —

2 1 85 29 165

1 0 300 – 450 #VALUE! 680

2 0 133 56 358

1 1 — #VALUE! 2025

1 1 215 102 395

2 2 171 77 325


3 0 14 -10 140

3 2 27 -3 177

3 0 52 11 147

2 0 102 39 302

3 1 < 80 #VALUE! 156

3 1 66 19 192

1 0 — #VALUE! —

1 0 — #VALUE! —

4 0 -50 -46 -12

2 1 135 57 266

2 1 120 49 163

4 1 Gas #VALUE! -11

3 0 16 -9 176

4 0 -2 -19 89

3 2 21 -6 190

3 1 64 18 242

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 43

3 2 50 10 213

3 2 20 -7 179

4 2 Gas #VALUE! -10

4 0 Gas #VALUE! 21

3 0 25 -4 214

1 0 — #VALUE! 104

1 1 460 238 [9]

1 0 380 193 680

2 0 275 135 480 – 680

3 0 84 29 270

2 0 185 85 339

3 0 10 -12 171

3 0 70 21 194

3 3 68 20 230

2 1 102 39 300

3 0 28 -2 212 – 320

2 0 174 79 424

2 1 190 88 411

1 0 290 143 626

1 0 261 127 457 – 475

3 3 82 28 237

2 4 [4] #VALUE! [4]

3 4 95 35 213

3 2 75 – 93 #VALUE! 249 – 269

2 0 174 79 359

2 0 147 64 47

3 0 56 13 258

1 0 372 189 547

2 0 887 475 324

1 1 223 106 460

3 0 77 25 279

3 1 -4 -20 178

4 0 < -40 #VALUE! 97

2 4 105 41 221

0 3 — #VALUE! 66 [8]

3 0 20 – 90 #VALUE! —

2 0 175 79 358

— — NA #VALUE! NA



3 2 — #VALUE! 1410

0 1 — #VALUE! 752

0 3 — #VALUE! 752

0 1 — #VALUE! —

0 1 — #VALUE! [8]

3 1 -22 -30 120

4 0 Gas #VALUE! -44

3 3 97 36 237 – 239

3 4 50 10 192

3 1 36 2 207

3 0 55 13 215

3 0 74 23 207

3 0 -35 -37 120

3 0 86 30 319

3 0 < 0 #VALUE! 115

4 1 -162 -108 -54

3 0 60 16 205

1 0 210 99 370

4 2 -35 -37 94

3 0 68 20 240

0 2 — #VALUE! [4]

0 1 — #VALUE! [4]

3 2 — #VALUE! [4]

1 2 — #VALUE! [4]

0 1 — #VALUE! [4]

0 1 — #VALUE! [4]

1 0 385 196 726

3 2 88 31 293

1 1 [5] 245 118 280

0 0 Gas #VALUE! 14

1 0 >320 [9] #VALUE! 398

2 0 108 42 345

4 4 < 80 or above #VALUE! [9]

3 4 < 80 #VALUE! [4]

3 4 > 190 #VALUE! [4]

3 3 64 18 176

2 0 115 46 318 – 329

3 1 79 26 200

3 0 83 28 220

3 0 40 4 232

1 2 270 132 484

2 0 145 63 417


1 1 354 179 650

4 3 — #VALUE! 365

3 0 16 -9 193

1 0 350 177 546

4 3 32 0 414

1 0 207 97 495

3 3 Ignites spontaneously in air#VALUE!

2 0 105 41 313

3 2 18 -8 163

4 3 Gas #VALUE! 41

3 2 < 68 #VALUE! 153

3 2 15 -9 202

4 2 -108 -78 7

4 2 < -50 #VALUE! 96

2 2 125 52 334

4 2 0 -18 89

0 1 — #VALUE! —

1 0 530 277 —

[6] MF is packaged material. [7] Evaluate as a dust. [8] Decomposes. [9] After extended use > 600 °F, the flash point can potentially drop to 95 °F.

The net Heat of Combustion (Hc) is the value obtained when the water formed in the combustion is considered to be in the vapor state. When Hc is given in kcal/gm mole, it can be converted

NA = Not Applicable TOC = Tag Open Cup Method* Trademark of the Dow Chemical Company

MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GUIDE

Instability Ranking

3 4

29 40

29 40

29 4029 40

29 40

29 4029 4029 40

29 4029 4029 40

F.P. = Flash Point, closed cup B.P. = Boiling Point at Standard Temperatures and Pressure (STP)

BoilingPoint (°C)

74

57-59

156

213

60

319

-4

104

136

101

117

-6

173

114

65

94

#VALUE!

35

163

210

68

128

#VALUE!

130

21

118

139

56

95

82

51

151-153

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

-83

53

125[1]

141

77

97

71

45

95

53

[3]

-33

210

149

152 - 157

184

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

179

80

250

214

206

197

#VALUE!

220

59

156

-1

127

149

102

77

142

136

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

46

-192

-34

10

#VALUE!

106

132

62

112

189

290

152

#VALUE!

260

13

82

161

-34

470

111

181

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

172

157

268

126

34

#VALUE!

56

244

101

205

7

258

232

84

39

200

194

171

120

170

188

116

245

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

166

257

288

343

181

288 - 292

267

163

#VALUE!

116

-89

171

77

99

78

136

212

38

135

120

12

95

34

54

35

88

64

17

111

-104

177

83 - 84

197

79

175

11

115

57

-188

85

-21

97 - 100

101

151 - 301

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

31

38 - 204

171

#VALUE!

98

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

131

69

113

-253

26

108 - 114

-60

70

210

-12

107

66

69

28

34

83

33

90

35

69

34

204 - 288

#VALUE!

151 - 301

180

143

#VALUE!

74

360

181

1107

202

163

-161

60

81

64

150

69

89

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

-24

130

73

-24

80

32

88

117

6

101

82

-23

-6

101

40

#VALUE!

360

249 - 360

132

171

77

90

110

149

100 - 160

218

211

330

236 - 246

114

[-16]

101

121 - 132

182

8

126

286

162

238

137

81

36

105

19 [8]

#VALUE!

181

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

766

400

400

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

49

-42

114 - 115

89

97

102

97

49

159

46

-48

96

188

34

116

[4]

[4]

[4]

[4]

[4]

[4]

386

145

138

-10

203

174

[9]

[4]

[4]

80

159 - 165

93

104

111

251

214

87

343

185

89

286

212

257

-18

156

73

5

67

94

-14

36

168

32

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GUIDEFlammability

Ranking Instability Ranking

Non-combustible2 0 1 14 24

F.P. > 200 °F (> 93.3 °C) 1 4 14 24

F.P. > 100 °F (> 37.8 °C) £ 200 °F (£ 93.3 °C)

2 10 14 24

F.P. ³ 73 °F (³ 22.8 °C)< 100 °F (< 37.8 °C) orF.P. < 73 °F (< 22.8 °C) &BP. ³ 100 °F (³ 37.8 °C)

3 16 16 24

F.P. < 73 °F (< 22.8 °C) &B.P. < 100 °F (< 37.8 °C)

4 21 21 24

Combustible Dust or Mist3

St-1 (KSt £ 200 bar m/sec) 16 16 24St-2 (KSt = 201-300 bar m/sec) 21 21 24St-3 (KSt > 300 bar m/sec) 24 24 24

Combustible SolidsDense > 40 mm thick4 1 4 14 24

Unlisted SubstancesIf neither Appendix A, NFPA 49, nor NFPA 325M contains values for the substance,mixture or compound in question, these values will have to be determined from theflammability ranking or dust class (St) (see Table l). First, the parameters shown in the leftcolumn of the table will have to be determined. The flammability rankinggases is obtained from flash point data, and the St of dusts or mists is determined by dustexplosion testing. The flammability ranking of combustible solids depends on the nature ofthe material as categorized in the left column.

DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL FACTOR

The Material Factor (MF) is the basic starting value in the computation of the F&EI and otherrisk analysis values. The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy release fromfire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.

The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability rankings according to NFPA 704.Generally, the flammability and instability rankings are for ambient temperatures. It isrecognized that the fire and reaction hazards of a material increase markedly with temperature.The fire hazard from a combustible liquid at a temperature above its flash point is equivalent tothat from a flammable liquid at ambient temperature. Reaction rates also increase very markedlywith temperature. If the temperature of the material on which the MF is based is over 140 °C), a certain adjustment may be required, as discussed below under C. “TemperatureAdjustment of Material Factor.”

Appendix A provides a listing of MFs for a number of chemical compounds and materials, andthese values will be used in most cases. If Appendix A does not list the material, theflammability and instability rankings may possibly be found in NFPA 325M or NFPA 49




F.P. > 200 °F (> 93.3 °C) 1 4 14 24

F.P. > 100 °F (> 37.8 °C) £ 200 °F (£ 93.3 °C)

2 10 14 24


3 16 16 24

F.P. < 73 °F (< 22.8 °C) &B.P. < 100 °F (< 37.8 °C)

4 21 21 24




Notes:1Includes volatile solids.2Will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 816 °C for a period of five minutes.3KSt values are for a 16 Litre or larger closed test vessel with strong ignition source. See NFPA68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations.

4Includes wood – 2 inches nominal thickness, magnesium ingots, tight stacks of solids and tight

PROCESS UNIT HAZARDS FACTORS

After the appropriate Material Factor has been determined, the next step is to calculate theProcess Unit Hazards Factor (F3), which is the term that is multiplied by the Material Factor toobtain the F&EI.

The numerical value of the Process Unit Hazards Factor is determined by first determining theGeneral Process Hazards Factor and Special Process Hazards Factor listed on the F&EI form.Each item which contributes to the Process Hazards Factors contributes to the development orescalation of an incident that could cause a fire or an explosion.

When calculating the penalties comprising the Process Unit Hazards Factor, Fspecific instant in time during which the material under consideration is in the most hazardousnormal operation state associated with the Process Unit. Startup, continuous operation andshutdown are among the operational states that may be considered.

This rather strict definition is intended to prevent double or triple counting of hazards occurringduring the process. Since the MF is taken to be that of the most hazardous substance present inthe Process Unit, it can be certain that the Fire and Explosion analysis will really be based upon a“worst case” when focus is placed on the most hazardous operational point involving the MF, andthis will be a realistic worst case — one that could actually occur.

In the F&EI system, only one hazard may be evaluated at a time. If the MF is based on aflammable liquid present in the Process Unit, do not take penalties relating to combustible dustseven though dust may be present at a different time. A reasonable approach might be to evaluatethe Process Unit once using the MF of the flammable liquid and a second time using the MF ofthe dust. Only the calculation resulting in the highest F&EI and Actual Maximum ProbableProperty Damage need to be reported.

One important exception is the hybrid, described previously under “Mixtures.” If a hybridmixture is selected as the most hazardous material present, it is penalized both as a dust and as aflammable vapor in the Process Unit Hazards Factor sections of this manual.

Some items on the F&EI form have fixed penalty values. For those that do not, determine theappropriate penalty by consulting the text that follows. Remember – analyze only one hazard ata time, relating the analysis to a specific, most hazardous time (e.g., startup, normal operation orshutdown). Keep the focus on the Process Unit and Material Factor selected for analysis andkeep in mind that the results of the final calculation are only as valid as the appropriateness of thepenalty assessments.

The entry of all the pertinent information to allow calculation of the Fire and Explosion Index andthe radius of exposure is made in the excel workbook F&EI Calculation workbook S2S June













F.P. > 200 °F (> 93.3 °C) 1 4 14 24

F.P. > 100 °F (> 37.8 °C) £ 200 °F (£ 93.3 °C)

2 10 14 24


3 16 16 24

F.P. < 73 °F (< 22.8 °C) &B.P. < 100 °F (< 37.8 °C)

4 21 21 24




Unlisted SubstancesIf neither Appendix A, NFPA 49, nor NFPA 325M contains values for the substance,mixture or compound in question, these values will have to be determined from theflammability ranking or dust class (St) (see Table l). First, the parameters shown in the leftcolumn of the table will have to be determined. The flammability rankinggases is obtained from flash point data, and the St of dusts or mists is determined by dustexplosion testing. The flammability ranking of combustible solids depends on the nature ofthe material as categorized in the left column.

DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL FACTOR

The Material Factor (MF) is the basic starting value in the computation of the F&EI and otherrisk analysis values. The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy release fromfire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.

The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability rankings according to NFPA 704.Generally, the flammability and instability rankings are for ambient temperatures. It isrecognized that the fire and reaction hazards of a material increase markedly with temperature.The fire hazard from a combustible liquid at a temperature above its flash point is equivalent tothat from a flammable liquid at ambient temperature. Reaction rates also increase very markedlywith temperature. If the temperature of the material on which the MF is based is over 140 °C), a certain adjustment may be required, as discussed below under C. “TemperatureAdjustment of Material Factor.”

Appendix A provides a listing of MFs for a number of chemical compounds and materials, andthese values will be used in most cases. If Appendix A does not list the material, theflammability and instability rankings may possibly be found in NFPA 325M or NFPA 49




F.P. > 200 °F (> 93.3 °C) 1 4 14 24

F.P. > 100 °F (> 37.8 °C) £ 200 °F (£ 93.3 °C)

2 10 14 24


3 16 16 24

F.P. < 73 °F (< 22.8 °C) &B.P. < 100 °F (< 37.8 °C)

4 21 21 24




Notes:1Includes volatile solids.2Will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 816 °C for a period of five minutes.3KSt values are for a 16 Litre or larger closed test vessel with strong ignition source. See NFPA68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations.

4Includes wood – 2 inches nominal thickness, magnesium ingots, tight stacks of solids and tight



















Butadiene UnloadingFire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 24.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 2NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 4NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 2

General Process Hazards Base 1

1A Exothermic Reaction (range of input 0.3 - 1.25) 0.001B Endothermic Reaction (input range 0.2 - 0.4) 0.001C Material Handling and Transfer (input range 0.25 - 0.8) 0.50

1D 0.001E Ease of Access for Emergency Responders 0.201F Drainage and Spill Control 0.10 General Process Hazards Factor 1.80

Base 12A Toxicity of the material handled. 0.40

2B 0.00

2C Operation in or near the flammable range (input range 0.0 - 0.8) 0.302D Dust Explosion (input range 0.0 - 2.0) 0.002E Pressure Penalty 0.002F Low Temperature Operation 0.00

2G1 Combustible and Flammable materials in Process #NUM!2G2 Liquids or gases in Storage 0.482G3 Solids in Storage or Process 0.002H Corrosion and Erosion (input range 0.0 -0.75) 0.002I Leakage, Joints, packing, flexible joints 0.102J Use of Fired Equipment (fig 6) #NUM!2K Hot Oil Heat Exchange Equipment (table 5) 0.002L Rotating Equipment 0.00

Special Process Hazards Factor #NUM!

Fire and Explosion Index #NUM!#NUM!

Enclosed or Indoor Process or storage Units handling Flammable materials

Process or Storage operates at vacuum (<500mmHg) -penalty 0.5

Finishing towerFire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 29.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 3NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 4NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 3





2B 0.00


2G1 Combustible and Flammable materials in Process 0.962G2 Liquids or gases in Storage 0.002G3 Solids in Storage or Process 0.002H Corrosion and Erosion (input range 0.0 -0.75) 0.202I Leakage, Joints, packing, flexible joints 0.002J Use of Fired Equipment (fig 6) #NUM!2K Hot Oil Heat Exchange Equipment (table 5) 0.002L Rotating Equipment 0.00





0Fire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 0.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 0NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 0NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 0





2B 0.00

2C 0.002D Dust Explosion (input range 0.0 - 2.0) 0.002E Pressure Penalty 0.002F Low Temperature Operation 0.00





Process or Storage operates at vacuum (<500mmHg) -penalty 0.5Operation in or near the flammable range (input range 0.0 - 0.8)






2B 0.00












2B 0.00












2B 0.00












2B 0.00







Xylene storageFire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 16.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 2NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 3NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 0





2B 0.00







LPG StoreFire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 24.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 2NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 4NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 2





2B 0.00







Solids pesticides warehouseFire and Explosion Index #NUM!Material Factor (see Material Data tab) 14.00NFPA Health rating (Nh) 1NFPA Flammability rating (Nf) 2NFPA Instability rating (Ni) 1





2B 0.00







Documents

F&EI Calculation Workbook