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Federalism. Wilson 3A. Key Questions. Who Governs. To What Ends. What compelling values are at stake in federalism? Who should decide what matters ought to be governed mainly or solely by national laws?. Where is sovereignty located in the American political system? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FEDERALISM
WILSON 3A
KEY QUESTIONS
W H O G O V E R N SWhere is sovereignty
located in the American political system?
How is power divided between the national and state governments under the Constitution?
T O W H AT E N D SWhat compelling
values are at stake in federalism?
Who should decide what matters ought to be governed mainly or solely by national laws?
FEDERALISMPolitical system with sovereign local government
units and independent national units that share responsibilities
Examples Canada India Germany Switzerland Autralia
UNITARY GOVERNMENTLocal government subservient to nationalCan be altered or abolished by national Examples
France Britain Italy Sweden
By contrast the US has 87,000 different sovereign governments + 35,000 special districts
POLITICAL POWERConstitutional guarantee Citizen preferencesLocally acquiredCareers depend on satisfying local needsEconomic incentives Block grants – money given to state to spend broadly
within legislative guidelines
METAPHORSSlinky federalism Powers flows back and forthLayer cake Separation of authorityFruit salad Mixed reality Defined responsibilities
FEDERALISM
GOOD (PROS)Elazar Governmental
strength Political flexibility Individual libertyDisperse elite
power in many places
Slow to action
BAD (CONS)Laski, Riker States are poisonous Perpetuates racismSmall political
units more likely to be dominated by a single faction
Democratic Wilson:Raises political activityLowers cost of organization
GROUP DISCUSSION
Civil rightsPersonal protectionPrivacyEducationImmigrationMarriageMoneyGunsSex UnemploymentEnvironmentProperty
•Con
sider
each
of th
e foll
owing ar
eas
that hav
e rec
eived
great d
ebate
since
the crea
tion of
federa
lism.
•Where
does au
thority
rest?
FOUNDINGDefinitions Federalist 39: neither national nor federalConfederal may refer to more state sovereigntyNew planNo historical precedentNeither would have authority over the otherPeople would have authority over both10th amendment guarantee for states
ELASTIC CLAUSEArticle I, section 8“Necessary and proper”Hamilton – national supremacyArticle 6, clause 2Jefferson – states rights with people
sovereignNational government threat to individual libertyRole in today’s politics?
CONSTITUTIONAL LAWJohn Marshall believed in national
supremacyMarbury v. MadisonCould the Courts force an executive to honor the commission of another?
McCulloch v. MarylandCould the federal government charter a bank?Could a state tax that bank?
NULLIFICATIONLaw to punish critical newspaper articles Jefferson, Hamilton argue forFederal tariffsCalhounSlaveryUnion indissoluble
Civil WarSupreme Court
DUAL FEDERALISMBoth national and state governments are
sovereign in their own spheresSeparate
Interstate commerceIntrastate commerce
Mostly no distinction
STATE SOVEREIGNTYUS v. LopezUS v. MorrisonPrintz v. USAlden v. MaineFederal Maritime Commission v. South
Carolina Port Authority
CHALLENGE Police PowerInitiativeReferendumRecallChisholm v. Georgia11th amendment
Local government is subject to state law
Local government survey