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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

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Page 1: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Page 2: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

* Legislative

* Executive

* Judicial

Page 3: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

House of Representatives

and

Senate

Page 4: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Also called Congress.• Meet in the Capitol

Building in Washington, DC.

Page 5: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Bicameral - 2 Houses • House of Representatives • Senate• Responsibility is to make (create) laws.• Dual Role - constituents needs & wants and

considering what is good for nation as a whole.

Page 6: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

• 435 Seats• Number of seats determined by state

population.• 19 Committees - 84 sub-committees• Referred to as the “lower” house.• Leader is called Speaker of the House.

Page 7: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

HOUSE OF REPRESENATIVES

• Has sole power to Impeach President.• All bills to raise money must come from the

House of Representatives.• All bills (laws) must pass in the House

before going to the President.

Page 8: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

SENATE

• 100 seats -2 seats per state - separate vote• 16 Committees and 69 sub- committees• Referred to as the “upper” house• Vice President is President of Senate but

NO vote unless a tie.• Leader = President pro tempore• Nicknamed “Millionaires Club”

Page 9: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

SENATE

• Power to try impeachment - 2/3rd vote• Senate approval needed on bills to raise

money.• All laws must pass in the Senate before

going to the President.

Page 10: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRACH

• Powers of Congress• Oversee elections• Set rules within the legislative branch• To tax, to borrow money, to coin money• Set rules of naturalization• regulate commerce• Establish Post Offices

Page 11: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Powers continued….• To declare war• To raise and support armies• To make all laws that are necessary and

proper

Page 12: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Powers that Congress DOES NOT have..• Can not suspend Habeas Corpus• Can not tax inter-state commerce• Can not take money from treasury unless a

law is passed to do so• Can not give a title of nobility

Page 13: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Page 14: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• Responsible for enforcing the laws.• President is the head of the Executive

Branch.• President provides leadership by setting

goals and developing policy.

Page 15: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• Must be a natural born citizen• Must be at least 35 years old• Must be 14 years a resident within the

United States• Term is for 4 years - only 2 in a row• Must give state of the union to Congress

Page 16: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• Must take an oath as follows, “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”

Page 17: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• Powers of the President….• Commander and Chief of the Army and

Navy• Can grant pardons and Can veto laws.• Can call Congress into session.• Make treaties, appoint Supreme Court

Justices and Ambassadors - Senate approval

Page 18: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• Can be impeached for the following reasons:

• Treason• Bribery• Other high Crimes and Misdemeanors

Page 19: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• President creates cabinet - advisors• Department of State, Treasury, Interior,

Agriculture, Justice, Labor, Commerce, Veterans’ Affairs, Defense, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education and NOW Homeland Security

Page 20: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

Page 21: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Responsible for interpreting the law in regards to the Constitution

• Final court of appeals for state and federal cases.

• Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President, approved by the Senate, and they hold their office for life or retirement.

Page 22: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Currently - 9 Justices - only can be changed by Constitutional Amendment

• Justices hear 150 cases per year - over 5000 requests

• 4 Justices need to agree to hear a case• Session is October through June• Removed by impeachment or conviction

Page 23: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Qualifications - nothing listed in the Constitution

• Unofficial qualifications are:• Politically active• Lawyer or Lower Court Judge• Same political party as the President

Page 24: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Article III is where we define treason.• Treason = committing an overt action - it

must be seen• Talking about treason is not a crime• Can not punish family

Page 25: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Judicial Act of 1789• Created three part court system• Established the Office of Attorney General• Job of Attorney General is to represent the

USA in the Supreme Court and to be a legal advisor to the Executive Branch

Page 26: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

S u p rem e C ou rt9 Ju s tices

C ircu it C ou rts1 3 C ou rt o f A p p ea ls

S ta te vs . S ta te

D is tric t C ou rtsTria l C ou rtsC ivil C ases

C rim in a l C ases

C h ie f Ju s ticeH ead o f S u p rem e C ou rt

Page 27: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Civil Cases - sue, divorce, contracts, any case that does not involve a crime

• Criminal Cases - commit a crime• Defendant - the person on trial• Plaintiff - person who brought case to court• Prosecutor - represents city, state, people in

a criminal case

Page 28: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Influences on the Court• Precedents - past decisions• Personal legal views - strict interpretation

means to look at intent of founding fathers - broad interpretation means you need to take into account changes in society

• Justices interaction

Page 29: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Influences continued……• Public Opinion, Congress, and the President